Can eating too much sugar cause a yeast infection. How does diet affect the risk of developing candidiasis. What dietary changes can help prevent or manage yeast overgrowth. Is there a connection between probiotics and yeast infection prevention.

Understanding Yeast Infections: Causes and Risk Factors

Yeast infections, primarily caused by the fungus Candida albicans, are a common concern for many women. These infections occur when there’s an imbalance in the body’s microorganisms, allowing yeast to overgrow. While various factors contribute to this imbalance, diet plays a significant role in either promoting or preventing yeast infections.

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing a yeast infection:

• Stress
• Illness
• Menstrual periods
• Pregnancy
• Certain medications, particularly antibiotics
• Tight-fitting clothing
• Prolonged exposure to moist environments

Dr. Wiyatta Freeman, a gynecologist at Baylor Medical Center in Irving, Texas, explains, “Anything that upsets this normal balance can lead to an overgrowth of yeast and can cause a yeast infection.” While many of these factors are beyond our control, dietary choices can significantly influence the body’s susceptibility to yeast overgrowth.

The Sugar-Yeast Connection: How Diet Influences Infection Risk

One of the most crucial dietary factors in yeast infection risk is sugar consumption. High sugar intake can create an environment that promotes yeast growth, potentially leading to an infection. This connection is particularly significant for individuals with diabetes, who may already have elevated blood sugar levels.

Dr. Freeman notes, “Eating foods that are very high in sugar has been associated with yeast infections. This type of diet may be especially risky for someone with diabetes.” The link between sugar and yeast growth is well-established, as Candida thrives on glucose.

How does sugar contribute to yeast overgrowth.

1. Provides fuel for yeast: Sugar serves as a primary food source for Candida, allowing it to multiply rapidly.
2. Weakens immune function: High sugar intake can temporarily suppress the immune system, making it harder for the body to keep yeast growth in check.
3. Alters gut microbiome: Excessive sugar consumption can disrupt the balance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, creating an environment more favorable for yeast proliferation.

Nutritional Deficiencies and Yeast Infections: The Iron Connection

While sugar overconsumption is a significant concern, nutritional deficiencies can also play a role in increasing yeast infection risk. Dr. Freeman points out that “Recurrent yeast infections may also be due to a poor diet if you are not getting enough iron and you develop an iron-deficiency type of anemia.”

Iron deficiency can impact the body’s ability to fight off infections, including those caused by Candida. Ensuring adequate iron intake through diet or supplementation (under medical supervision) may help reduce the risk of recurrent yeast infections.

Iron-rich foods to consider:

• Lean red meat
• Poultry
• Fish
• Beans and lentils
• Spinach and other leafy greens
• Fortified cereals

Obesity and Yeast Infections: The Hidden Connection

Another aspect of diet that indirectly affects yeast infection risk is its impact on body weight. Dr. Freeman explains, “People who are overweight may have more areas of warmth and moisture in skin folds that contribute to yeast infection.”

Excess body weight can create additional skin folds where moisture accumulates, providing an ideal environment for yeast growth. Moreover, obesity is often associated with insulin resistance and elevated blood sugar levels, further increasing the risk of yeast infections.

How can maintaining a healthy weight help prevent yeast infections.

• Reduces areas of skin-to-skin contact where moisture can accumulate
• Improves overall immune function
• Helps regulate blood sugar levels
• Promotes better overall health and resistance to infections

Dietary Strategies for Yeast Infection Prevention and Management

While there’s no specific “yeast infection diet,” certain dietary strategies may help reduce the risk of infection or manage recurring cases. Dr. Freeman recommends “lowering sugar, increasing yogurt in the diet, and taking probiotics” as part of a comprehensive approach to yeast infection prevention.

Key dietary recommendations:

1. Reduce sugar intake: Limit consumption of refined sugars, sweetened beverages, and high-glycemic foods.
2. Increase probiotic-rich foods: Incorporate yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and other fermented foods into your diet.
3. Consume prebiotic foods: Include foods like garlic, onions, leeks, and asparagus to support beneficial gut bacteria.
4. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help flush out toxins and maintain overall health.
5. Balance your diet: Ensure adequate intake of vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.

Is there scientific evidence supporting dietary changes for yeast infection prevention.

While some studies suggest a potential benefit from dietary modifications, more research is needed to establish definitive links. However, adopting a balanced, nutrient-rich diet is generally associated with improved overall health and immune function, which may indirectly help prevent yeast infections.

The Role of Probiotics in Yeast Infection Prevention

Probiotics have gained significant attention for their potential role in preventing and managing yeast infections. These beneficial bacteria may help restore and maintain the balance of microorganisms in the body, potentially reducing the risk of Candida overgrowth.

How do probiotics work against yeast infections.

• Compete with Candida for resources and space
• Produce substances that inhibit yeast growth
• Strengthen the gut barrier, preventing Candida from entering the bloodstream
• Modulate the immune system to better respond to yeast overgrowth

While research on probiotics for yeast infection prevention is promising, it’s important to note that not all probiotic strains are equally effective. Lactobacillus species, particularly Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14, have shown the most potential in clinical studies.

Sources of probiotics:

1. Yogurt (look for varieties with live, active cultures)
2. Kefir
3. Kombucha
4. Sauerkraut
5. Kimchi
6. Probiotic supplements (consult with a healthcare provider before use)

The Candida Diet: Separating Fact from Fiction

The Candida diet is a popular alternative approach to managing yeast overgrowth, but its effectiveness remains controversial. This restrictive diet is based on the belief that systemic candidiasis can be treated by eliminating certain foods that supposedly promote yeast growth.

What does the Candida diet typically involve.

• Eliminating sugar, alcohol, and refined carbohydrates
• Avoiding dairy products, gluten, and certain fruits
• Emphasizing non-starchy vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats
• Incorporating antifungal foods like garlic, coconut oil, and ginger

Dr. Freeman cautions, “I have not seen any evidence that these candida diets are useful against common yeast infections.” While some individuals report improvements on the Candida diet, scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness is limited.

It’s important to note that overly restrictive diets can lead to nutritional deficiencies and other health issues. Anyone considering the Candida diet should consult with a healthcare provider or registered dietitian to ensure their nutritional needs are met.

Beyond Diet: Holistic Approaches to Yeast Infection Prevention

While diet plays a significant role in yeast infection prevention, it’s just one piece of the puzzle. A holistic approach that addresses various lifestyle factors can be more effective in reducing the risk of recurrent infections.

Additional strategies for yeast infection prevention:

1. Practice good hygiene: Keep the genital area clean and dry, and avoid douching.
2. Wear breathable clothing: Choose cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting pants or synthetic materials.
3. Manage stress: High stress levels can weaken the immune system, making you more susceptible to infections.
4. Get adequate sleep: Proper rest is crucial for maintaining a strong immune system.
5. Exercise regularly: Physical activity can help boost immune function and promote overall health.
6. Avoid unnecessary antibiotic use: Only take antibiotics when prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Can lifestyle changes alone prevent all yeast infections.

While adopting healthy habits can significantly reduce the risk of yeast infections, it’s important to remember that some factors, such as hormonal changes or certain medical conditions, may still lead to infections despite preventive measures. If you experience recurrent yeast infections, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider to identify any underlying causes and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Yeast Infections

While dietary changes and lifestyle modifications can help prevent yeast infections, it’s essential to know when to seek medical attention. Over-the-counter treatments are available for uncomplicated yeast infections, but certain situations warrant a visit to your healthcare provider.

When should you see a doctor for a yeast infection.

• If it’s your first suspected yeast infection
• If symptoms persist after using over-the-counter treatments
• If you experience recurrent infections (four or more in a year)
• If you’re pregnant
• If you have diabetes or a weakened immune system
• If you’re not sure whether your symptoms indicate a yeast infection or another condition

Dr. Freeman emphasizes, “If you have symptoms of a yeast infection, such as itching, redness, burning, or discharge, your best bet is to see your doctor.” A healthcare provider can accurately diagnose the infection and prescribe appropriate treatment, which may include antifungal medications in various forms (creams, suppositories, or oral tablets).

Importance of proper diagnosis:

1. Ensures appropriate treatment
2. Helps identify any underlying conditions
3. Prevents unnecessary use of antifungal medications
4. Addresses recurrent infections more effectively

Remember that while dietary changes can support overall health and potentially reduce the risk of yeast infections, they should not replace medical treatment when necessary. Always consult with a healthcare provider for persistent or concerning symptoms.

Yeast Infections and Your Diet: What’s the Connection?

Yeast infection causes may be somewhat related to your diet. But can following a special diet cure or prevent an infection?

By Chris Iliades, MDMedically Reviewed by Lindsey Marcellin, MD, MPH

Reviewed: April 5, 2011

Medically Reviewed

Having a yeast infection is a common female problem — maybe in part because yeast infection causes are so wide-ranging. They include stress, illness, menstrual periods, pregnancy, and even being on medications for other conditions.

Normally the fungus that causes yeast infection, Candida albicans lives in balance with the other microorganisms in your body. “Anything that upsets this normal balance can lead to an overgrowth of yeast and can cause a yeast infection,” says Wiyatta Freeman, MD, a gynecologist at Baylor Medical Center in Irving, Texas. A common example is taking antibiotics for a bacterial infection. The antibiotics kill off many normal bacteria, and that allows yeast to multiply and lead to a yeast infection.

Yeast grows best in a warm, moist environment, so providing those conditions can lead to an infection. For example, wearing tight-fitting jeans or spending time in a wet bathing suit can increase your risk of a yeast infection — and is a more likely cause than what you eat. But diet may play a role in some yeast infections.

“Eating foods that are very high in sugar has been associated with yeast infections. This type of diet may be especially risky for someone with diabetes,” says Dr. Freeman. Recurrent yeast infections may also be due to a poor diet if you are not getting enough iron and you develop an iron-deficiency type of anemia.

A poor diet can also increase your risk of obesity, and therefore, yeast infections. “People who are overweight may have more areas of warmth and moisture in skin folds that contribute to yeast infection,” says Freeman.

How Diet May Help

There are many good over-the-counter and prescription antifungal medications that effectively treat and cure most yeast infections. As an additional measure, watching what you eat may help.

“Diet recommendations for someone with frequent yeast infections include lowering sugar, increasing yogurt in the diet, and taking probiotics,” says Freeman. “Generally speaking, we just recommend a well-balanced, healthy diet.”

Alternative treatments for yeast infection, including dietary changes, are frequently tried, but most of these methods remain controversial:

• Yogurt for yeast infections. Yogurt is a popular natural treatment for yeast infections because yogurt is fermented with helpful bacteria. The idea is that by increasing the number of these bacteria in your system, you restore a healthy balance between bacteria and yeast. Some people have even tried putting yogurt directly into the vagina to fight a yeast infection, but there is not enough evidence to support using yogurt as a treatment.
• Probiotics diet and supplements. Studies show that some bacteria, such as Lactobacillus GG can shorten the course of some types of diarrhea. These good bacteria may also be helpful against yeast infections by restoring the balance between yeast and bacteria, especially in people taking antibiotics or birth control pills. Probiotics have been added to some fortified foods and are sold as dietary supplements, but they are not tested or regulated the same way that drugs are. Although these supplements are generally considered safe, you should check with your doctor if you are using them to treat an infection.
• Candida diet. This type of diet is based on the belief that the uncontrolled overgrowth of candida in a yeast infection affects the whole body and can be reversed by cleansing the body of candida with fasting and enemas. These diets promote foods like vegetable juices and algae, while restricting foods like cheese, alcohol, chocolate, and fresh fruits. “I have not seen any evidence that these candida diets are useful against common yeast infections,” cautions Freeman.

Your diet may contribute to yeast infection if you are diabetic or eat foods that are very high in sugar, and a healthy diet may help reduce your risk of yeast infection. If you are at risk for a yeast infection, particularly if you are taking antibiotics or birth control pills, a probiotic diet or probiotic supplements may be recommended. However, there is not enough medical evidence to support the candida diet as a cure or for protecting against yeast infection.

If you have symptoms of a yeast infection, such as itching, redness, burning, or discharge, your best bet is to see your doctor. The good news about yeast infections is that they usually respond quickly to over-the-counter or prescription medications.

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Will I get a yeast infection if I eat too much sugar? – Dr. Jen Gunter

You’ve just finished (or are perhaps still involved) with the consumption of calorie laden holiday treats and are now wishing that you didn’t eat that second third slice of pecan pie, never mind God knows how many Christmas cookies. While some might pause to reflect on waistlines or thighs, your main concern is your vagina. Is this sugar binge going to lead to a yeast infection?

As a specialist in vulvovaginal disorders, I hear concerns about diet and yeast infections all the time. The specific concern being sugar consumption will cause yeast to over grow and then, voila, there is a post-holiday tempest in the vagina to wrangle.

On the surface the idea sounds plausible. After all, sugar is a food source for yeast and bacteria, like fertilizer. So, too much of a good thing and the secret garden could be over run in no time with all manner of yeastie beasties.

Except that’s not how it works.

The sugar consumption-yeast connection is an urban myth, perpetuated it seems both by many well-meaning, but ill-informed, health care professionals as well as purveyors of snake oil (you know the ones who want to sell you the cleanses, diets, and books designed to help you rid your body of yeast).

First of all, yeast is normally found in the vagina. At some point in a given year 70% of  women with no vaginal symptoms will have yeast in their vagina.(1) It is the over-growth of the normally present yeast that produces symptoms and what we call a yeast infection. Typically, yeast  over grows when the vaginal ecosystem is somehow upset and lactobacilli, the good bacteria that keep yeast and bad bacteria in check, somehow get depleted.

Second of all, eating a lot of sugar does not increase the colonization of the bowel with yeast (and it is normal to have yeast in the bowel), which is how the yeast actually gets into the vagina (2). So if you challenge you bowel with a binge of pie, cake, and candy canes, while you may get some indigestion and gas, your bowel will not be run amok with yeast. As a corollary, the fact that diet doesn’t change yeast colonization in the bowel clearly means that cleanses are of no value in the prevention of yeast infections.

And finally, having a lot of sugar does not change the level of sugar in the vagina (yes, some one studied this, see reference 3#). The researchers gave women with and without a history of vaginal yeast infections a drink with a lot of sugar (glucose) and measured their blood and vaginal sugar before and after the drink. The sugar levels in the vaginal secretions did not change for either groups, women with a history and those without a history of yeast infections. Basically, if you are not a diabetic, your body can handle its sugar.

So enjoy a little holiday cheer. Don’t go nuts re-arranging your diet if you think you have chronic yeast (although get a correct diagnosis as almost 70% of women who have been told they have chronic yeast have actually been misdiagnosed) and steer clear of any providers and web sites selling or promoting dietary therapies and cleanses for yeast.

References:

1) Beigi et al. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:926-30.

2) Weig M et al. Am J Clin Nutr 1999.

3) Ehrström S et al. Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Dec;108(6):1432-7.

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Posted byDr. Jen GunterDecember 26, 2011December 26, 2011Posted invaginal discharge, woo, yeastTags: Vaginal discharge, yeast

Skin diseases in diabetes

1. What causes skin diseases in diabetes?

The most common cause of skin changes is severe hyperglycemia, anti-diabetic drugs such as insulin or other ancillary drugs. In many cases, the exact causes are unknown. Observations show that people with significantly higher blood sugar levels have more frequent and more severe skin changes than people with a more favorable metabolic profile.

With long-term correct regulation of blood sugar levels and early detection, skin diseases can be localized, their development is reduced or completely prevented. Therefore, people with diabetes should examine and care for their skin daily. When skin changes appear, you should contact your diabetologist in a timely manner.

2. What increases the risk of developing skin diseases?

The main cause of skin changes is too high blood sugar levels. Elevated blood sugar triggers various processes in the body that alter the body’s immune response to infection-causing bacteria, viruses, and fungi and lead to complex disorders in the skin, connective tissue, and fat cells within and below the skin. High blood lipids and excess uric acid also increase the risk of skin changes.

3. What causes skin diseases in diabetes?

The skin conditions that can accompany diabetes are varied and their mechanism is often only broadly known. People with type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop skin infections, and people with type 1 diabetes are more likely to have autoimmune changes.

The so-called saccharification of proteins, fats and nucleic acids plays a major role in skin diseases in diabetes. The latter contain our hereditary information. The progressive saccharification of these molecules can change the structure and function of the skin and contribute to the development of blood vessel damage. Vascular disease and nerve dysfunction (peripheral and autonomic polyneuropathy), along with the weakened immune system associated with diabetes, also make sick people susceptible to infections and poor wound healing. The excessively high blood insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia) seen in type 2 diabetes due to insulin resistance also affects the proliferation and maturation of keratinocytes. This further impairs the barrier function of the skin and delays wound healing. Conversely, relative or absolute deficiency of insulin—usually accompanied by prolonged, too high blood sugar levels (indicated, for example, by high HbA1c levels)—can also adversely affect wound healing.

4. How can skin diseases be prevented in diabetes?

Correct regulation of blood sugar values ​​is the basis for the prevention of skin diseases. Proper management of lipids, uric acid and other risk factors for a long time prevents the appearance or further development of complications on the skin and subcutaneous tissues.

The following measures will help prevent skin diseases.

• Try to keep your blood sugar levels within the individually set range.
• Keep your leather clean and do not degrease it by washing too often with soap.
• Provide plenty of moisture to the skin, eg with lotion for normal skin and/or creams and ointments containing urea. Avoid hot baths and showers.
• Take care of your feet and check them daily for ulcers. Avoid using lotions, creams, or ointments between your toes unless you have fungal infections between your toes and on your nails. High humidity can encourage the development of fungus.

See your diabetologist if you notice any of the following symptoms.

• Noticeable skin changes
• Constant itching
• Severe keratinization of the feet
• Presence of ulcers (even small!) and poor healing of wounds
• Swelling or irritation at the place where the insulin was injected 900 26
• Skin lesions
• Changes on the hands and feet (eg, joint stiffness, trigger fingers, pain when moving the hands or feet, hardening of the palms)

5. Changes in the skin in the treatment of diabetes

All medicines, including those used to treat diabetes, may cause allergic reactions. Possible manifestations are redness of the skin, rash and itching. A rash on the skin of a larger area is also possible. However, in most cases, the drugs cause rather mild reactions, which the patient rarely reports.

Metformin

The diabetes drug metformin can, although rarely, cause serious allergic skin reactions, but it is also used to treat skin conditions. Studies show a particularly positive effect of metformin on acne and black acanthosis, in which the skin turns gray-brown.

Sulfonylurea

When taking a sulfonylurea after drinking alcohol or sun exposure, severe local reddening of the skin, dryness and itching may occur. Experts call this phototoxic reactions. The reason is the ingredients of sulfonylurea, which are not combined with alcohol and the sun. Most often, these changes disappear after 1 hour.

Insulin

The skin changes described above are also observed when using insulin . Now available – exclusively in Germany – highly purified human insulins and insulin analogues, as well as improved injection systems (applications) (pen and pump), these side effects of insulins have become rare. However, subcutaneous fatty tissue may change at the puncture sites. With frequent and repeated injections of insulin into a very limited area of ​​​​the skin, both a rather rare local decrease (lipoatrophy) and an increase in subcutaneous adipose tissue (lipohypertrophy) can occur. The processes that lead to these changes are not yet fully understood. To prevent it, it is best to change the injection site every time according to a certain system.

Insulin delivery catheter, the tip of which is placed in subcutaneous adipose tissue, can also cause significant skin irritation and even abscesses during insulin pump therapy. Therefore, people with insulin pumps should regularly change their catheter under sterile conditions.

Find out more about insulin therapy here!

Continuous Tissue Glucose Monitoring (CGM)

Skin changes are sometimes seen when monitoring blood glucose with Continuous Tissue Glucose Monitoring (CGM). In most cases, these are skin irritations that occur when the adhesive mechanism that fixes the monitoring system is worn for a long time (usually more than a week). As a result, the skin turns red, itches and becomes more vulnerable. Another cause of skin changes can be components of measuring systems, such as certain adhesives (acrylates), which cause itching and inflammation of the skin in some people.

6. Skin infections in diabetes

Skin infections are very common in people with diabetes and are directly related to long-term high blood sugar levels. Skin infections can be caused, for example, by bacteria and fungi.

Known bacterial infections include the following.

• Erysipelas . There are sharply defined red patches of skin that spread rapidly. They may be accompanied by swollen lymph nodes, fever, chills, and fatigue. The entry gates of infection are often small wounds. When severe, blistering may form and patches of skin may die (necrosis).
• Erythrasma . Most often in the folds of the skin or areas with profuse sweating (armpits, inguinal and anal-genital area, under the mammary glands), sharply defined scaly areas appear that become reddish-brown. Only rarely do people with erythrasma experience itching or other discomfort. If the area of ​​the lesion increases, it can lead to further infection of the skin.

Known fungal infections include the following.

• Candida infections . Skin changes caused by the yeast candida albicans often appear in the mouth, in skin folds, at the hair roots, or in the genital area in men and women. They can get wet, cause itching and burning. People with diabetes are also more likely to experience redness and painful swelling of the nail bed (candidal paronychia).
• Tinea (dermatophytosis, “carpet burn”) . These are skin, hair, and nail infections caused by filamentous fungi. In diabetes, the disease often occurs on the foot and between the toes. There are open areas with whitish edges. If the nails are affected, it is called nail fungus, in which the nail changes color and gradually breaks down (onychomycosis).

7. Skin diseases accompanying diabetes

Although diabetes itself is not the cause of the following skin diseases, some diseases are characteristic of diabetes.

Pseudo-acanthosis black

This refers to a group of different forms of the disease in which blurred gray-brownish velvety spots appear on the skin. The causes of occurrence are unknown. The neck area is usually affected first, later the armpits, the folds of the joints, or the groin. Few people with diabetes experience discomfort associated with these skin changes. In such patients, insulin resistance is often observed.

Scleroderma in diabetes

This term describes various changes in the connective tissue of the skin and underlying structures. It is caused, in particular, by saccharification of proteins (formation of so-called extended glycation products [AGE]) in the skin and underlying structures (connective tissue, tendons, joints). As a result, the location and formation of cross-links in collagen fibers changes. This results in reduced elasticity of the skin and joints (called limited joint mobility [LOA]). This can lead to significant, sometimes painful, multiple functional impairments, such as the hand, foot, and shoulder.

Hands :

• Thickening of the tendons of the palm (Dupuytren’s contracture)
• Stiffness of the fingers and joints (cheiroarthropathy, or stiff hand syndrome)
• Trigger finger (Tendovagin itis stenosans)
• Development of carpal tunnel syndrome, in which the median nerve pinched at the wrist. Because this nerve can no longer supply the hand, motor and sensory disturbances occur in the thumb, index, and middle fingers.

These changes are also seen in liver disease, in smokers who drink alcohol, and in people with kidney disease with or without diabetes. Men suffer from this disease 5-10 times more often than women.

Feet : Impaired mobility in the ankle and toe joints with the risk of improper loading and injury in the sense of the so-called plantar fibromatosis (Ledderhose’s disease). This is accompanied by the appearance of knots and hardening on the sole of the foot.

Shoulders : Significant painful restriction of the shoulder joints (“frozen shoulder”)

Yellow nodules (xanthomas)

The lipid metabolism disorder that accompanies diabetes can lead to nodular fatty deposits on the skin. They are orange-yellow in color and are harmless in and of themselves.

Itching

Approximately one third of diabetics suffer from dry skin and itching. The reasons for this are dysfunction of the sweat and sebaceous glands. Scratching leads, as a rule, to increased itching. Scratching wounds can easily become infected with another pathogen.

Necrobiosis lipoidis

Skin lesions are often ring-shaped, reddish or brown. The skin can be affected over a large area, which can also lead to infection. Skin changes characteristic of necrobiosis lipoidica occur most often on the shins (in 85% of cases), sometimes also on the thigh, very rarely on the arms, upper body or face. Lipoid necrobiosis occurs 3 times more often in women than in men.

The course is slow, at the beginning intense red papules the size of lentils appear. Over time, they may develop into slightly indented, disc-shaped, yellow, hardened (sclerotic) lesions with visible blood vessels (telangiectasias) running through them. Over several months or years, the lesions may grow to the size of a palm and become brown-yellow, while the affected skin becomes thinner and thinner. In the worst case, open wounds and poorly healing ulcers can form. The cause of complex skin changes is unclear.

Pigmentation disorders

Painless sharply defined spots appear, most often on the shins, which may turn reddish or brown. The exact reason for this is unknown. Experts suggest that the cause of this is altered and damaged tiny blood vessels.

Vitiligo (dyspigmentation)

Usually between the ages of 10 and 30, depigmentation occurs and results in sharply defined white patches on the skin. Shape, size and quantity can vary greatly. These skin changes are often found in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes.

8. Changes in the skin due to secondary diseases caused by diabetes

Diabetic foot syndrome often causes damage to the skin on the feet. The causes of these serious and dangerous changes are disorders of nerve function (peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathies, most often in combination with disorders of the autonomic nervous system) and circulatory disorders in the feet and legs (peripheral arterial obliterans disease [PAD]). Due to dysfunction of the nerves and ignorance of patients, pathological changes in the feet are very often not noticed, they are not given importance, or they are hushed up out of shame. People with skin lesions on their feet should seek immediate medical attention. This is always an emergency, as wounds can become very inflamed within a few hours and, in the worst case, there is a risk of amputation.

Find out more about diabetic foot syndrome here!

9.

How are skin diseases treated?

Diabetic skin diseases appear in various forms. The relationship between diabetes and skin disease is not known to many people with diabetes, and sometimes even diabetes experts. Therefore, regular examination of the skin – daily by the patient and regularly by the attending physician – is very important in order to start adequate therapy in time. Often helps in the long run

• normalization of metabolism (HbA1c values ​​ : 6.5-7.5 percent (47.5-58.5 mmol/mol)),
• sequential wound treatment and
• elimination of the causes of their occurrence, for example, drug replacement to prevent skin damage.

Dry skin is common with diabetes and can be alleviated with skin care products and avoiding hot baths or showers. Dryness is often accompanied by intense itching. Here oil baths, ointments or creams containing urea can help, and often the help of skin specialists (dermatologists).

For more serious conditions, such as fungal infection , antifungal medications prescribed by a doctor are used. It is important to clean the affected areas well and take care of them. Clothing that comes into contact with these areas should be changed daily and washed at 60 degrees Celsius if possible.

Infections caused by bacteria, such as wound erysipelas, are also very serious diseases and should be treated by a doctor. Given the severity of the disease, it is often necessary to prescribe antibiotics as early as possible.

For elderly people with diabetes who have severe joint mobility and who often have visual impairments (retinopathy, maculopathy, cataracts), the close social environment should be involved in the assessment of skin changes and their treatment.

For skin inflammation caused by certain adhesives (acrylates) in continuous tissue glucose monitoring (CGM) measuring systems, cortisone creams or ointments are used to treat skin changes in severe cases. In addition, consider switching to a skin-friendly LMWH system with an acrylate-free patch.

causes, symptoms and treatment in the article of the clinic “SOVA”

• Reading time: 8 min

  Updated: 06/02/2023

  An article for patients with a disease diagnosed by a doctor. It does not replace a doctor’s appointment and cannot be used for self-diagnosis.

  Causes of development

  Candidiasis can be triggered by various factors. The causes of thrush can be divided into endogenous and exogenous.

  1. Endogenous. Colds and other infectious diseases, immunodeficiency states, HIV, endocrine disorders, metabolic diseases, pregnancy, hormonal changes, chronic pathologies of the genitals and gastrointestinal tract.

  2. Exogenous. These include, first of all, taking medications – antibiotics, corticosteroid hormones, cytostatic drugs. Predisposing factors for thrush in women are also the daily wearing of pads, too tight tight-fitting underwear, and synthetic clothing.

  The occurrence of vaginal candidiasis can lead to:

  • frequent change of sexual partners;

  • stressful situations;

  • mechanical injuries of the vaginal mucosa;

  • malnutrition – the predominance of a large amount of carbohydrates in the diet;

  • prolonged antibiotic therapy;

  • climate change;

  • the use of unsuitable means for intimate hygiene;

  • uncontrolled intake of drugs.

  Vaginal candidiasis is not usually transmitted sexually, but may be related to the mode of contact (anal-vaginal or orogenital). Sexual partners of women suffering from thrush have a higher risk of developing candidal balanoposthitis.

  Pathogenesis

  What is a thrush? A fungus of the genus Candida is considered a conditional pathogen, that is, it always lives in our microflora, only in acceptable low titers. Under certain conditions, it begins to actively multiply, which leads to clinical manifestations of thrush. For example, if the protective forces are weakened, the adhesive properties of yeast fungi increase. They easily attach to epithelial cells and provoke a further inflammatory response.

  Localized on the walls of the genital tract, fungi injure the epithelium, overcoming the epithelial barrier. Then they are tightly connected to the mucous membrane. Waste products of the fungus increase the acidity of the vagina, causing inflammation. In response to the immune reaction, various allergic manifestations occur – itching, irritation, burning, and others. These symptoms usually get worse during urination and sexual intercourse. Further, the causative agent of infection from the first focus of inflammation spreads throughout the body along with the blood flow.

  As a result of the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, white discharge appears, consisting of epithelium, mucus and fungus. What a thrush looks like, any woman who has ever encountered this disease knows. According to the structure of the discharge, they resemble curdled flakes or lumps with no obvious odor. Allocations with thrush may differ in volume, density and consistency. as a rule, they are quite plentiful. Most often white, but may also have a yellowish tinge.

  Stages and forms of vulvovaginal candidiasis

  According to domestic clinical guidelines, there are two main forms of the disease. It depends on how thrush manifests itself and with what frequency.

  1. Sporadic – exacerbations occur up to three times a year. In acute pathology, the main symptoms occur abruptly. They are pronounced, which is why they cause significant discomfort. Efficiency decreases, mood worsens, irritability appears. The advantage of sporadic candidiasis is the relatively rapid relief of symptoms and recovery.

  2. Recurrent . Candidiasis occurring at least four times a year. The disease becomes chronic, it is more difficult to completely cure it. Periods of exacerbation last 7-10 days, then severe symptoms subside until the next relapse.

  Also, vaginal candidiasis is divided into complicated and uncomplicated.

  Candidiasis is considered uncomplicated :

  It develops in patients with normal immunity.

  Complicated :

  This type occurs in patients with reduced immunity.

  Symptoms and further treatment tactics depend on the type of causative agent of thrush in women.

  Danger

  By itself, candidiasis is not a serious pathology, but due to the lack of timely treatment, it can cause serious consequences.

  The most common complications of candidiasis are the following pathologies:

  1. Generalized candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. With a significant decrease in the body’s defenses, a dangerous condition arises – candidal sepsis. In this case, the Candida fungus spreads to the internal organs, disrupting their work. The infection can affect the stomach, intestines, lungs, kidneys, liver. This is a formidable complication that leads to death.

  2. Recurrent infections of the urinary system. These include bacterial infections of the urinary organs – cystitis, urethritis. Symptoms depend on the severity of the disease, the location of the focus of infection, the age of the patient. As a rule, these pathologies are treated with antibiotics.

  3. Cervical erosion is a disease characterized by damage to the cervical mucosa.

  4. Salpingitis is an infectious and inflammatory process that affects the fallopian tubes.

  5. Vaginal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the vagina due to excess fibrous tissue formation.

  6. Miscarriage. The fungus causes complications during pregnancy or provokes a miscarriage – which is why, regardless of the period, thrush must be treated.

  7. Chorioamnionitis. Inflammation of the membranes and the penetration of the pathogen into the amniotic fluid. Pathology increases the risk of miscarriage or premature birth. In the advanced stage, it leads to infection of the abdominal cavity, endometritis, meningitis and blood poisoning. When chorioamnionitis is detected, patients are prescribed antibiotic therapy without fail.

  8. Premature rupture of membranes or premature birth. The closer the delivery, the greater the likelihood of rupture of the membranes ahead of time. In addition, due to the defeat of yeast-like fungi, the tissues of the perineum become thinner and become more loose. This is fraught with strong gaps during natural childbirth.

  The most important thing in the treatment of thrush is to prevent the transition of the disease into a chronic form. In this case, it is more difficult to treat.

  Diagnostics

  When the characteristic symptoms of thrush appear, you should contact an experienced gynecologist. The doctor will listen to complaints and collect the most complete anamnesis. Tell the doctor about past gynecological diseases and operations, concomitant diseases (diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, dysbacteriosis). Often the appearance of vaginal candidiasis is associated with prolonged use of antibiotics, hormones, immunosuppressants. If you take medications on a regular basis, please tell them their names and exact dosages.

  Then the gynecologist will conduct a visual examination on the gynecological chair and take a biomaterial – a urogenital swab. On examination, you can see the clinical manifestations of the disease – white plaque, inflamed mucous membrane, creamy or cheesy discharge. Microscopic examination of the discharge of the genital tract is the simplest and most reliable way to detect pathology. The smear allows you to detect spores and mycelium of the fungus of the genus Candida.

  The most effective is the PCR method, which allows you to detect the pathogen even at low concentrations. With this highly sensitive assay, specific yeast DNA fragments can be identified and a specific Candida species can be identified.

  Additional examinations may include:

  • testing for sexually transmitted infections;

  • determination of blood sugar level, glucose tolerance test, complete blood count;

  • study of intestinal microflora;

  • extended colposcopy.

  Candida infections often have similar symptoms, so it’s worth doing an analysis for the most common sexually transmitted infections.

  With recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis or the absence of the effect of therapy with an already established diagnosis, it makes sense to do a bacterial culture for candidiasis with the determination of sensitivity to drug groups. For bacteriological culture, a biomaterial sample is placed in a nutrient medium and grown under special conditions in order to identify the type of pathogen.

  Treatment of thrush

  Therapy in the case of vaginal candidiasis is complex. If you follow all the doctor’s recommendations and take prescribed drugs, you can stop acute symptoms and avoid relapses in the future. How to treat thrush in women, a gynecologist will tell you.

  Azole drugs are the first line of therapy. These are antifungal agents that slow down and completely stop the growth of yeast fungi. Azoles are administered orally or intravaginally, both methods are effective. Some drugs in this group have only a fungistatic effect, that is, they delay the reproduction of the fungus. At a high concentration of these drugs, a fungicidal effect can be observed – the fungal cell membrane is destroyed, the pathogen dies.

  Azole drugs are not the only group of drugs for thrush. There are medicines for local and systemic therapy. Among them are antibiotics, imidazoles, triazoles, agents from the polyene group, combined preparations. The doctor may also prescribe immunomodulators, fungicidal solutions.

  You should not self-medicate: when the first signs of candidiasis appear, it is best to immediately contact a gynecologist. Drug prescribing regimens vary, and there are a number of contraindications for pregnant women (for example, some medications affect the formation of the fetus). The treatment plan for thrush in women is made by a gynecologist individually for each case, taking into account the form and severity of candidiasis.

  1. Acute form of thrush. Topical treatment is recommended. The prescribed drugs are not absorbed into the bloodstream, but act directly on the mucosa of the vulva and vagina. For example, vaginal suppositories, tablets, creams.

  2. Chronic course of the disease. In recurrent candidiasis, systemic antimycotics are used in conjunction with local therapy, for example, in the form of tablets orally.

  The doctor will also explain how to treat thrush in women in addition to using medications. For example, while taking medications, it is recommended to follow a diet. You should limit simple carbohydrates, moldy cheeses, pastries, beer. Also during this period, you can not use fat-containing lubricants, antibacterial agents, for intimate hygiene, oral contraceptives.

  Do not wear synthetic underwear and clothes – synthetics interfere with ventilation, creating a “greenhouse effect”. As a result, the effectiveness of therapy is reduced.

  Treatment of thrush is prescribed based on the patient’s complaints about well-being and the results of a laboratory smear. It is not necessary to use drugs without indications and clinical manifestations of candidiasis. The fact is that the yeast fungus of the genus Candida can always be in the vagina in a minimal amount and be part of a healthy microflora of the body.

  Prophylaxis

  How to prevent vaginal candidiasis?

  1. Strengthen your immune system. The most effective way to prevent infection is to increase the body’s defenses. It is enough to adhere to a healthy and balanced diet, to be outdoors more often, to engage in moderate physical activity. Give up bad habits. Talk to your doctor about medications to boost your immune system. A specialist can recommend effective, in his opinion, vitamin-mineral complexes and immunomodulators.

  2. Follow the rules of personal hygiene. Carry out water procedures once or twice a day. Wash the external genitalia with warm water and products with a pH value of no higher than 5.5, without harsh fragrances and fragrances in the composition. A variety of aromatic fragrances disrupt the natural microflora, so if possible, use neutral products for daily care. When visiting public pools, showers, baths, take only individual slippers, napkins or towels with you. Do not sit on benches or chairs without your own towel or sheet.

  3. Carefully approach the choice of clothes and underwear. Synthetic, dense and tight-fitting clothing creates a warm and humid environment, ideal conditions for the spread of microorganisms. Choose loose-fitting clothing made from breathable natural materials such as cotton.

  4. Correct endocrine disorders. Various pathologies of the endocrine system are among the most common factors in the development of thrush. Among the most dangerous diseases are diabetes mellitus, obesity, pathologies of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands. If you notice signs of endocrine disruptions or you have a hereditary predisposition to such pathologies, regularly see an endocrinologist and undergo preventive examinations.

  5. Stop wearing panty liners. Such pads (especially flavored ones) do not let air through and create a “greenhouse effect”. With heavy discharge, gynecologists recommend using fabric pads that do not interfere with air circulation.

  6. Timely treat diseases in a timely manner to treat diseases of the genitourinary and digestive systems. Consult with your doctor regarding the appointment of medical procedures and medications. Avoid uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs – this way you risk further aggravating the symptoms of thrush.

  When taking antibacterial drugs, preventive oral antifungal drugs are recommended. Promptly treat any infections, especially sexually transmitted and urinary tract infections.

  Forecast

  Favorable enough. In conditions of normal immunity, vaginal candidiasis responds well to treatment. Therapy for acute candidiasis usually lasts from one to several days – the timing depends on the neglect of the disease and the prescribed drug.

  If you are concerned about the manifestations of thrush, sign up for a consultation with a gynecologist at the SOVA clinic. Call the hotline or leave a request on the website – the operator will contact you to clarify the day and time of the visit.

  Gynecologist

  Check-up “Women’s Health”

  Tests for STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases)

  Colposcopy

  Answers to frequently asked questions

  How not to confuse thrush with other diseases?

  The manifestations of thrush are similar to those of many inflammatory diseases of the genital tract: itching, burning, irritation, contact pain, discomfort. The main visual difference is the presence of cheesy secretions from the genital tract, but they are not always exactly like that.

  In severe cases, swelling, cracks, ulceration in the genital area are detected. Differential diagnosis is necessary in order to distinguish thrush from diseases such as bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, sexually transmitted infections (gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydia), herpes simplex virus.

  What is the most effective diagnostic method?

  The most effective is the PCR method, which allows you to detect the pathogen even in low concentrations (femoflor 13 or florocenosis is recommended). With recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, the absence of the effect of therapy with an already established diagnosis, it makes sense to bacterial culture for the Candida fungus with the determination of sensitivity to groups of drugs.

  What kind of vaginal discharge can be considered normal?

  Light, without an unpleasant smell, not causing discomfort.

  Is it dangerous not to treat thrush?

  It is necessary to start therapy only if there are complaints, and not only according to the results of a smear. The causative agent is not prone to spread to the upper reproductive tract, but may recur. If you do not treat thrush, exacerbations will occur more often, which will lead to a more severe course of the disease.

  Should the partner be told and treated too?

  Candidiasis is not a sexually transmitted infection. If the partner has no complaints, then he does not need to be treated. If the partner has at least some manifestations, he should also take a smear and start treatment.

  How to choose the right therapy?

  Azole drugs are the first line of therapy, but these are far from the only possibilities of therapy. There are drugs for both local and systemic therapy. Self-medication is not worth it, it is better to consult a doctor in time.

  Prescribing regimens for drugs are different, and for pregnant women there are a number of contraindications. However, treatment during pregnancy is mandatory. A child can also become infected with candidiasis during passage through the birth canal.

  Does thrush affect the quality of life?

  Certainly it does. Unbearable itching, burning, pain lead to a decrease in psychological stability, the dominant switches precisely to these symptoms, and you cannot fully enjoy life.

  There are contraindications. It is necessary to consult a specialist

  The materials posted on this page are for informational purposes and are intended for educational purposes.
  Site visitors should not use them as medical advice.
  Determining the diagnosis and choosing a treatment method remains the exclusive prerogative of your doctor!

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