Can fluid in the lungs go away on its own. Pulmonary Edema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

18.07.202305.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the common causes of pulmonary edema. How can pulmonary edema be diagnosed. What are the available treatment options for pulmonary edema. Can fluid in the lungs resolve on its own. When should you seek medical attention for pulmonary edema symptoms.

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Understanding Pulmonary Edema: A Comprehensive Overview

Pulmonary edema is a serious medical condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs’ air sacs (alveoli). This fluid buildup impairs the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, leading to breathing difficulties and potentially life-threatening complications. While heart problems are the most common cause, pulmonary edema can also result from various other factors.

Types of Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary edema is typically classified into two main categories:

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema: Caused by heart-related issues
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema: Caused by factors unrelated to heart problems

In some cases, a combination of both cardiogenic and noncardiogenic factors may contribute to the development of pulmonary edema.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Pulmonary Edema

The symptoms of pulmonary edema can vary depending on whether it develops suddenly (acute) or over time (chronic). Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and treatment.

Acute Pulmonary Edema Symptoms

Acute pulmonary edema is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Common symptoms include:

Severe shortness of breath
A feeling of suffocation or drowning
Coughing up frothy, sometimes blood-tinged sputum
Rapid, irregular heartbeat
Anxiety and restlessness
Cold, clammy skin
Wheezing or gasping for breath

Chronic Pulmonary Edema Symptoms

Chronic pulmonary edema develops gradually and may present with the following signs:

Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity or when lying flat
Fatigue
Worsening shortness of breath
New or persistent cough
Rapid weight gain
Swelling in the legs and feet
Wheezing

The Role of the Heart and Lungs in Pulmonary Edema

To understand pulmonary edema, it’s essential to grasp the intricate relationship between the heart and lungs. The lungs contain millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, which are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing. In pulmonary edema, these air sacs fill with fluid instead of air, hindering the normal gas exchange process.

The heart plays a crucial role in this process by pumping blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where it releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. The oxygenated blood then returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins before being pumped to the rest of the body. When the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, it can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs, resulting in pulmonary edema.

Common Causes of Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary edema can be triggered by various factors, both cardiac and non-cardiac in nature. Understanding these causes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Cardiogenic Causes

Heart-related issues are the most common causes of pulmonary edema. These may include:

Congestive heart failure
Heart attack
Cardiomyopathy
Valvular heart disease
Hypertension
Arrhythmias

Noncardiogenic Causes

Non-heart-related factors that can lead to pulmonary edema include:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Pneumonia
Trauma to the chest wall
Exposure to certain toxins
Adverse reactions to medications
High-altitude exposure
Near-drowning incidents
Transfusion-related acute lung injury

Diagnosing Pulmonary Edema: Tools and Techniques

Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary edema is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment. Healthcare providers employ various diagnostic tools and techniques to identify the condition and its underlying cause.

Physical Examination

A thorough physical examination is typically the first step in diagnosing pulmonary edema. The doctor will listen to the patient’s lungs using a stethoscope to detect abnormal breathing sounds, such as crackles or wheezes, which may indicate fluid accumulation.

Chest X-ray

A chest X-ray is a common imaging test used to visualize the lungs and heart. In cases of pulmonary edema, the X-ray may reveal fluid in the lungs, an enlarged heart, or other abnormalities that could be contributing to the condition.

Echocardiogram

An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create detailed images of the heart’s structure and function. This test can help identify any underlying heart problems that may be causing pulmonary edema, such as valvular issues or weakened heart muscle.

Blood Tests

Various blood tests may be performed to assess organ function and look for signs of infection or other underlying conditions. These may include:

Complete blood count (CBC)
Electrolyte panel
Cardiac enzymes
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart and can help detect abnormal heart rhythms or signs of a heart attack that may be contributing to pulmonary edema.

Treatment Approaches for Pulmonary Edema

The treatment of pulmonary edema focuses on addressing the underlying cause while providing supportive care to alleviate symptoms and improve oxygenation. The specific treatment plan will depend on the severity of the condition and its root cause.

Oxygen Therapy

Supplemental oxygen is often the first line of treatment for pulmonary edema. It helps improve oxygen levels in the blood and reduces the work of breathing. In severe cases, mechanical ventilation may be necessary to support breathing.

Medications

Various medications may be used to treat pulmonary edema, including:

Diuretics: To help remove excess fluid from the body
Vasodilators: To dilate blood vessels and reduce the workload on the heart
Inotropes: To strengthen heart contractions
Morphine: To reduce anxiety and ease breathing difficulties

Treating the Underlying Cause

Addressing the root cause of pulmonary edema is crucial for long-term management. This may involve:

Treating heart conditions with medications or procedures
Managing infections with antibiotics
Discontinuing medications that may be contributing to the condition
Treating other underlying medical conditions

Can Fluid in the Lungs Resolve on Its Own?

In some cases, mild pulmonary edema may resolve on its own, particularly if it’s caused by a temporary condition such as altitude sickness or a mild infection. However, it’s important to note that pulmonary edema can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, especially when it develops suddenly or is caused by underlying heart problems.

Self-resolution of pulmonary edema depends on several factors:

The underlying cause of the fluid accumulation
The severity of the condition
The overall health of the individual
The body’s ability to reabsorb the excess fluid

While mild cases may improve without medical intervention, it’s crucial to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of pulmonary edema. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Preventing Pulmonary Edema: Lifestyle Modifications and Risk Reduction

While not all cases of pulmonary edema can be prevented, certain lifestyle modifications and preventive measures can help reduce the risk of developing this condition.

Managing Underlying Health Conditions

Proper management of conditions that can contribute to pulmonary edema is essential. This may include:

Controlling high blood pressure
Managing heart disease through medication and lifestyle changes
Treating and controlling diabetes
Addressing sleep apnea

Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of developing conditions that may lead to pulmonary edema. Consider the following:

Maintaining a balanced diet low in saturated fats and sodium
Engaging in regular physical activity as recommended by your healthcare provider
Quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke
Limiting alcohol consumption
Managing stress through relaxation techniques or counseling

Monitoring Fluid Intake

For individuals with heart conditions or a history of pulmonary edema, carefully monitoring fluid intake may be necessary. This typically involves:

Tracking daily fluid consumption
Weighing yourself regularly to detect sudden weight gain, which may indicate fluid retention
Following your healthcare provider’s recommendations for fluid restrictions, if applicable

High-Altitude Precautions

If you’re planning to travel to or exercise at high altitudes, take precautions to prevent high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). These may include:

Ascending gradually to allow time for acclimatization
Staying hydrated
Avoiding overexertion
Considering preventive medications as recommended by your doctor

When to Seek Medical Attention for Pulmonary Edema

Recognizing the signs of pulmonary edema and knowing when to seek medical attention is crucial for preventing complications and ensuring timely treatment. Pulmonary edema, especially when it develops suddenly, is a medical emergency that requires immediate care.

Emergency Symptoms

Call emergency services or seek immediate medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms:

Sudden, severe shortness of breath
A feeling of suffocating or drowning
Coughing up pink, frothy sputum
Chest pain or pressure
Blue or gray discoloration of the skin (cyanosis)
Confusion or disorientation
Rapid, irregular heartbeat
Extreme anxiety or restlessness

Non-Emergency Symptoms

While not immediately life-threatening, the following symptoms may indicate developing pulmonary edema and should prompt a consultation with your healthcare provider:

Increasing shortness of breath with activity
Difficulty breathing when lying flat
Unexplained weight gain
Swelling in the legs and feet
Persistent cough, especially if it’s new or worsening
Fatigue or weakness

It’s important to note that individuals with a history of heart problems or other risk factors for pulmonary edema should be particularly vigilant about monitoring their symptoms and seeking medical attention when necessary.

Living with Pulmonary Edema: Long-term Management and Quality of Life

For individuals who have experienced pulmonary edema or are at risk of developing it, long-term management is crucial for maintaining quality of life and preventing recurrences. This often involves a combination of medical care, lifestyle modifications, and self-monitoring.

Ongoing Medical Care

Regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider are essential for managing pulmonary edema and its underlying causes. This may include:

Periodic heart and lung function tests
Medication adjustments as needed
Monitoring of fluid status and weight
Management of comorbid conditions

Self-Monitoring

Learning to recognize early signs of fluid buildup can help prevent severe episodes of pulmonary edema. Self-monitoring may involve:

Daily weight checks
Tracking symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling
Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate, if recommended by your doctor

Lifestyle Adaptations

Making certain lifestyle changes can help manage pulmonary edema and improve overall health:

Following a heart-healthy diet low in sodium
Engaging in appropriate physical activity as recommended by your healthcare provider
Quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke
Managing stress through relaxation techniques or counseling
Adhering to fluid intake recommendations

Emotional Support

Living with a chronic condition like pulmonary edema can be challenging. Seeking emotional support through support groups, counseling, or talking with friends and family can be beneficial for mental health and overall well-being.

Emergency Preparedness

Having an action plan in place for emergencies is crucial. This may include:

Keeping a list of current medications and medical history
Having emergency contact information readily available
Knowing when and how to seek immediate medical attention

By adopting a proactive approach to managing pulmonary edema and working closely with healthcare providers, individuals can significantly improve their quality of life and reduce the risk of complications associated with this condition.

Pulmonary edema – Symptoms & causes

Overview

Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by too much fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the many air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.

In most cases, heart problems cause pulmonary edema. But fluid can collect in the lungs for other reasons. These include pneumonia, contact with certain toxins, medications, trauma to the chest wall, and traveling to or exercising at high elevations.

Pulmonary edema that develops suddenly (acute pulmonary edema) is a medical emergency that needs immediate care. Pulmonary edema can sometimes cause death. Prompt treatment might help. Treatment for pulmonary edema depends on the cause but generally includes additional oxygen and medications.

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Symptoms

Pulmonary edema symptoms may appear suddenly or develop over time. Symptoms depend on the type of pulmonary edema.

Sudden (acute) pulmonary edema symptoms

Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) or extreme shortness of breath that worsens with activity or when lying down
A feeling of suffocating or drowning that worsens when lying down
A cough that produces frothy sputum that may have blood in it
A rapid, irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
Anxiety, restlessness or a feeling that something bad is about to happen
Cold, clammy skin
Wheezing or gasping for breath

Long-term (chronic) pulmonary edema signs and symptoms

Awakening at night with a cough or breathless feeling that may be relieved by sitting up
Difficulty breathing with activity or when lying flat
Fatigue
More shortness of breath than usual when you’re physically active
New or worsening cough
Rapid weight gain
Swelling in the legs and feet
Wheezing

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) signs and symptoms

high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) can occur in adults and children who travel to or exercise at high altitudes. Symptoms are similar to those that occur with acute pulmonary edema and can include:

Headache, which may be the first symptom
Shortness of breath with activity, which becomes shortness of breath at rest
Not being able to exercise as much as you once could
Dry cough, at first
Later, a cough that produces frothy sputum that may look pink or have blood in it
A very fast heartbeat (tachycardia)
Weakness
Chest pain
Low fever

Symptoms of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) tend to get worse at night.

When to see a doctor

Pulmonary edema that comes on suddenly (acute pulmonary edema) is life-threatening. Call 911 or emergency medical help if you have any of the following acute symptoms:

Shortness of breath, especially if it comes on suddenly
Trouble breathing or a feeling of suffocating (dyspnea)
A bubbly, wheezing or gasping sound when breathing
Coughing up phlegm that looks pink or has blood in it
Breathing difficulty with a lot of sweating
A blue or gray color to the skin
Confusion
A big drop in blood pressure that causes lightheadedness, dizziness, weakness or sweating
A sudden worsening of any of pulmonary edema symptoms

Don’t drive yourself to the hospital. Instead, call 911 or emergency medical care and wait for help.

Causes

The causes of pulmonary edema vary. Pulmonary edema falls into two categories, depending on where the problem starts.

If a heart problem causes the pulmonary edema, it’s called cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Most often, the fluid buildup in the lungs is due to a heart condition.
If pulmonary edema is not heart related, it’s called noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Sometimes, pulmonary edema can be caused by both a heart problem and a nonheart problem.

Understanding the relationship between the lungs and the heart can help explain why pulmonary edema may occur.

How the lungs work

Lungs contain many small, elastic air sacs called alveoli. With each breath, these air sacs take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Typically, this exchange of gases occurs without problems.

But sometimes, the alveoli fill with fluid instead of air. This keeps the bloodstream from taking in oxygen.

How the heart works

The typical heart is made of two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers (the right and left atria) receive incoming blood and pump it into the lower chambers (right and left ventricles). The lower chambers pump blood out of the heart.

Typically, blood without oxygen from all over the body enters the right atrium then the right ventricle. From there it’s pumped through large blood vessels (pulmonary arteries) to the lungs. There, the blood releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen as it flows by the alveoli.

The oxygen-rich blood then returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. It then flows through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. Finally, it leaves the heart through the body’s main artery (aorta).

The heart valves keep blood flowing in the right direction. The aortic valve keeps the blood from flowing backward into the heart. From the aorta, the blood travels to the rest of the body.

Chambers and valves of the heart

A typical heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pump blood out of the heart. The heart valves, which keep blood flowing in the right direction, are gates at the chamber openings.

Heart-related (cardiogenic) pulmonary edema

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by increased pressures in the heart.

It’s usually a result of heart failure. When a diseased or overworked left lower heart chamber (left ventricle) can’t pump out enough of the blood it gets from the lungs, pressures in the heart go up. The increased pressure pushes fluid through the blood vessel walls into the air sacs.

Medical conditions that can cause heart failure and lead to pulmonary edema include:

Coronary artery disease. Over time, the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle can become narrow from fatty deposits (plaques). A slow narrowing of the coronary arteries can weaken the left ventricle.
Sometimes, a blood clot forms in one of these narrowed arteries. The clot blocks blood flow and damages part of the heart muscle, resulting in a heart attack. A damaged heart muscle can no longer pump as well as it should.
Cardiomyopathy. This term means heart muscle damage. With cardiomyopathy, the heart must pump harder, and pressures rise. Then the heart might not be able to work harder when needed, such as during exercise or with an infection or a rise in blood pressure. When the left ventricle can’t keep up with the demands that are placed on it, fluid backs up into the lungs.
Heart valve problems. Narrowing (stenosis) of the aortic or mitral heart valves or a valve that leaks or doesn’t close properly affects blood flow into the heart. A valve leak that develops suddenly might cause sudden and severe pulmonary edema.
High blood pressure (hypertension). Untreated or uncontrolled high blood pressure can enlarge the heart.
Other heart problems. Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis), heart problems present at birth (congenital heart defects) and irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) also may cause pulmonary edema.
Kidney disease. High blood pressure due to narrowed kidney arteries (renal artery stenosis) or fluid buildup due to kidney disease can cause pulmonary edema.
Chronic health conditions. Thyroid disease and a buildup of iron (hemochromatosis) or protein (amyloidosis) also may contribute to heart failure and cause pulmonary edema.

Non-heart-related (noncardiogenic) pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema that is not caused by increased pressures in the heart is called noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Causes of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema include:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This serious disorder occurs when the lungs suddenly fill with fluid. Many conditions can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including severe injury (trauma), widespread infection (sepsis), pneumonia and severe bleeding.
Drug reaction or drug overdose. Many drugs — ranging from aspirin to illegal drugs such as heroin and cocaine — are known to cause pulmonary edema.
Blood clot in the lungs (pulmonary embolism). A blood clot moving from the blood vessels in the legs to the lungs can cause pulmonary edema.
Exposure to certain toxins. Inhaling toxins or breathing in some stomach contents when vomiting (aspiration) causes intense irritation of the small airways and air sacs, resulting in fluid buildup.
High altitudes. Pulmonary edema has been seen in mountain climbers, skiers, hikers and other people who travel to high elevations, usually above 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters). High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) generally occurs in those who don’t take the days or weeks needed to become used to the elevation. But people who live at high altitudes can get HAPE with no elevation change if they have a respiratory illness.
Near drowning. Inhaling water causes fluid buildup in the lungs.
Negative pressure pulmonary edema. A blocked upper airway causes negative pressure in the lungs from trying to breathe through the blockage. With treatment, most people with this type of pulmonary edema recover in about 24 hours.
Nervous system conditions or surgeries. A type of pulmonary edema called neurogenic pulmonary edema can occur after a head injury, seizure or brain surgery.
Smoke inhalation. Smoke from a fire contains chemicals that damage the membrane between the air sacs and the capillaries. The damage allows fluid to enter the lungs.
Transfusion-related lung injury. Blood transfusions may cause fluid overload in the left ventricle, leading to pulmonary edema.
Viral illnesses. Viruses such as the hantavirus and dengue virus can cause pulmonary edema.

High-altitude pulmonary edema

Air sacs in the lungs, called alveoli, take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. In high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), it’s believed that blood vessels in the lungs squeeze together (constrict), increasing pressure. This causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels to the lung tissues and eventually into the air sacs.

Risk factors

Heart failure and other heart conditions that raise pressure in the heart increase the risk of pulmonary edema. Risk factors for heart failure include:

Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
Alcohol use
Congenital heart disease
Coronary artery disease
Diabetes
Heart valve disease
High blood pressure
Sleep apnea

Some nervous system conditions and lung damage due to near drowning, drug use, inhaling smoke, viral illnesses and blood clots also raise the risk.

People who travel to high-altitude locations above 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters) are more likely to develop high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). It usually affects those who don’t take the time — a few days to a week or more — to get used to the elevation.

Children who already have pulmonary hypertension and structural heart defects may be more likely to get HAPE.

Complications

Complications of pulmonary edema depend on the cause.

In general, if pulmonary edema continues, the pressure in the pulmonary artery can rise (pulmonary hypertension). Eventually, the heart becomes weak and begins to fail, and pressures in the heart and lungs go up.

Pulmonary edema complications may include:

Breathing difficulty
Swelling of the legs, feet and belly area
Buildup of fluid in the membranes that surround the lungs (pleural effusion)
Congestion and swelling of the liver

Immediate treatment is necessary for acute pulmonary edema to prevent death.

Prevention

You may be able to prevent pulmonary edema by managing existing heart or lung conditions and following a healthy lifestyle.

For example, controlling cholesterol and blood pressure can help lower the risk of heart disease. Follow these tips to keep your heart healthy:

Eat a healthy diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat dairy, and a variety of proteins.
Don’t smoke.
Get regular exercise.
Limit salt and alcohol.
Manage stress.
Manage weight.

Preventing high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

To prevent HAPE, gradually ascend to high elevations. Although recommendations vary, most experts advise increasing elevation no more than 1,000 to 1,200 feet (about 300 to 360 meters) a day once you reach 8,200 feet (about 2,500 meters).

Some climbers take prescription medications such as acetazolamide or nifedipine (Procardia) to help prevent symptoms of HAPE. To prevent HAPE, start taking the medication at least one day before ascent. Ask your health care provider how long you need to take the medication after you’ve arrived at your high-altitude destination.

Pulmonary edema – Symptoms & causes

Overview

Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by too much fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the many air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe.

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Symptoms

Pulmonary edema symptoms may appear suddenly or develop over time. Symptoms depend on the type of pulmonary edema.

Sudden (acute) pulmonary edema symptoms

Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) or extreme shortness of breath that worsens with activity or when lying down
A feeling of suffocating or drowning that worsens when lying down
A cough that produces frothy sputum that may have blood in it
A rapid, irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
Anxiety, restlessness or a feeling that something bad is about to happen
Cold, clammy skin
Wheezing or gasping for breath

Long-term (chronic) pulmonary edema signs and symptoms

Awakening at night with a cough or breathless feeling that may be relieved by sitting up
Difficulty breathing with activity or when lying flat
Fatigue
More shortness of breath than usual when you’re physically active
New or worsening cough
Rapid weight gain
Swelling in the legs and feet
Wheezing

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) signs and symptoms

high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) can occur in adults and children who travel to or exercise at high altitudes. Symptoms are similar to those that occur with acute pulmonary edema and can include:

Headache, which may be the first symptom
Shortness of breath with activity, which becomes shortness of breath at rest
Not being able to exercise as much as you once could
Dry cough, at first
Later, a cough that produces frothy sputum that may look pink or have blood in it
A very fast heartbeat (tachycardia)
Weakness
Chest pain
Low fever

Symptoms of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) tend to get worse at night.

When to see a doctor

Pulmonary edema that comes on suddenly (acute pulmonary edema) is life-threatening. Call 911 or emergency medical help if you have any of the following acute symptoms:

Shortness of breath, especially if it comes on suddenly
Trouble breathing or a feeling of suffocating (dyspnea)
A bubbly, wheezing or gasping sound when breathing
Coughing up phlegm that looks pink or has blood in it
Breathing difficulty with a lot of sweating
A blue or gray color to the skin
Confusion
A big drop in blood pressure that causes lightheadedness, dizziness, weakness or sweating
A sudden worsening of any of pulmonary edema symptoms

Don’t drive yourself to the hospital. Instead, call 911 or emergency medical care and wait for help.

Causes

The causes of pulmonary edema vary. Pulmonary edema falls into two categories, depending on where the problem starts.

If a heart problem causes the pulmonary edema, it’s called cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Most often, the fluid buildup in the lungs is due to a heart condition.
If pulmonary edema is not heart related, it’s called noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Sometimes, pulmonary edema can be caused by both a heart problem and a nonheart problem.

Understanding the relationship between the lungs and the heart can help explain why pulmonary edema may occur.

How the lungs work

Lungs contain many small, elastic air sacs called alveoli. With each breath, these air sacs take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Typically, this exchange of gases occurs without problems.

But sometimes, the alveoli fill with fluid instead of air. This keeps the bloodstream from taking in oxygen.

How the heart works

The heart valves keep blood flowing in the right direction. The aortic valve keeps the blood from flowing backward into the heart. From the aorta, the blood travels to the rest of the body.

Chambers and valves of the heart

Heart-related (cardiogenic) pulmonary edema

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by increased pressures in the heart.

Medical conditions that can cause heart failure and lead to pulmonary edema include:

Coronary artery disease. Over time, the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle can become narrow from fatty deposits (plaques). A slow narrowing of the coronary arteries can weaken the left ventricle.
Sometimes, a blood clot forms in one of these narrowed arteries. The clot blocks blood flow and damages part of the heart muscle, resulting in a heart attack. A damaged heart muscle can no longer pump as well as it should.
Cardiomyopathy. This term means heart muscle damage. With cardiomyopathy, the heart must pump harder, and pressures rise. Then the heart might not be able to work harder when needed, such as during exercise or with an infection or a rise in blood pressure. When the left ventricle can’t keep up with the demands that are placed on it, fluid backs up into the lungs.
Heart valve problems. Narrowing (stenosis) of the aortic or mitral heart valves or a valve that leaks or doesn’t close properly affects blood flow into the heart. A valve leak that develops suddenly might cause sudden and severe pulmonary edema.
High blood pressure (hypertension). Untreated or uncontrolled high blood pressure can enlarge the heart.
Other heart problems. Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis), heart problems present at birth (congenital heart defects) and irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) also may cause pulmonary edema.
Kidney disease. High blood pressure due to narrowed kidney arteries (renal artery stenosis) or fluid buildup due to kidney disease can cause pulmonary edema.
Chronic health conditions. Thyroid disease and a buildup of iron (hemochromatosis) or protein (amyloidosis) also may contribute to heart failure and cause pulmonary edema.

Non-heart-related (noncardiogenic) pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema that is not caused by increased pressures in the heart is called noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Causes of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema include:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This serious disorder occurs when the lungs suddenly fill with fluid. Many conditions can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including severe injury (trauma), widespread infection (sepsis), pneumonia and severe bleeding.
Drug reaction or drug overdose. Many drugs — ranging from aspirin to illegal drugs such as heroin and cocaine — are known to cause pulmonary edema.
Blood clot in the lungs (pulmonary embolism). A blood clot moving from the blood vessels in the legs to the lungs can cause pulmonary edema.
Exposure to certain toxins. Inhaling toxins or breathing in some stomach contents when vomiting (aspiration) causes intense irritation of the small airways and air sacs, resulting in fluid buildup.
High altitudes. Pulmonary edema has been seen in mountain climbers, skiers, hikers and other people who travel to high elevations, usually above 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters). High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) generally occurs in those who don’t take the days or weeks needed to become used to the elevation. But people who live at high altitudes can get HAPE with no elevation change if they have a respiratory illness.
Near drowning. Inhaling water causes fluid buildup in the lungs.
Negative pressure pulmonary edema. A blocked upper airway causes negative pressure in the lungs from trying to breathe through the blockage. With treatment, most people with this type of pulmonary edema recover in about 24 hours.
Nervous system conditions or surgeries. A type of pulmonary edema called neurogenic pulmonary edema can occur after a head injury, seizure or brain surgery.
Smoke inhalation. Smoke from a fire contains chemicals that damage the membrane between the air sacs and the capillaries. The damage allows fluid to enter the lungs.
Transfusion-related lung injury. Blood transfusions may cause fluid overload in the left ventricle, leading to pulmonary edema.
Viral illnesses. Viruses such as the hantavirus and dengue virus can cause pulmonary edema.

High-altitude pulmonary edema

Risk factors

Heart failure and other heart conditions that raise pressure in the heart increase the risk of pulmonary edema. Risk factors for heart failure include:

Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
Alcohol use
Congenital heart disease
Coronary artery disease
Diabetes
Heart valve disease
High blood pressure
Sleep apnea

Some nervous system conditions and lung damage due to near drowning, drug use, inhaling smoke, viral illnesses and blood clots also raise the risk.

Children who already have pulmonary hypertension and structural heart defects may be more likely to get HAPE.

Complications

Complications of pulmonary edema depend on the cause.

Pulmonary edema complications may include:

Breathing difficulty
Swelling of the legs, feet and belly area
Buildup of fluid in the membranes that surround the lungs (pleural effusion)
Congestion and swelling of the liver

Immediate treatment is necessary for acute pulmonary edema to prevent death.

Prevention

You may be able to prevent pulmonary edema by managing existing heart or lung conditions and following a healthy lifestyle.

For example, controlling cholesterol and blood pressure can help lower the risk of heart disease. Follow these tips to keep your heart healthy:

Eat a healthy diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat dairy, and a variety of proteins.
Don’t smoke.
Get regular exercise.
Limit salt and alcohol.
Manage stress.
Manage weight.

Preventing high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

causes and treatment of pulmonary edema in Moscow, terms of treatment with a puncture of the pleural cavity

Pulmonary edema is an acute pulmonary insufficiency caused by a massive effusion of transudate into the lung tissue from the capillaries, which in turn leads to infiltration of the alveoli and disruption of the normal process of gas exchange in the lungs .

Pulmonary edema is not an independent disease, but is a consequence of other pathologies. Therefore – how to treat pulmonary edema, or rather its true cause, depends on the nature of the underlying disease.

Pulmonary edema itself is treated by intensive therapy, including the administration of diuretics, sedatives, antihypertensives, narcotic analgesics, protein drugs, cardiac glycosides, nitrates, and oxygen therapy.

Pulmonary edema is considered a serious pathological condition requiring qualified medical attention. Therefore, in case of malaise, it is important to undergo an examination and a full course of treatment.

Pulmonary edema: symptoms, signs, treatment

Pathology has a characteristic clinical picture, so it is not difficult to diagnose it. The main symptoms of pulmonary edema are:

chest pain, as well as a feeling of squeezing, that is, the patient does not have enough oxygen. It is difficult for him to inhale and exhale air;
frequent short and loud breathing;
cyanosis of the skin;
sudden drop in blood pressure;
cold clammy sweat;
dry cough, which, as pulmonary edema develops, gradually turns into a wet one, with the release of characteristic pink sputum.

The causes of pulmonary edema can be very diverse. Among them:

diseases of the cardiovascular system, including congenital and acquired heart defects;
chest injury;
bronchial asthma;
tuberculosis;
pneumosclerosis;
chronic bronchitis;
tumors;
certain infectious diseases;
prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypoxia in newborns;
renal insufficiency;
cirrhosis of the liver;
intestinal obstruction;
acute pancreatitis;
meningitis, encephalitis and brain surgery;
poisoning with certain toxic substances;
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and others.

In case of accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, treatment, first of all, is reduced to the removal of edema in the shortest possible time. After conducting intensive therapy directly to the pulmonary edema itself, the patient is prescribed a course of therapy aimed at combating the disease that provoked it.

Lung fluid in oncology

Lung fluid in cancer is a fairly common symptom in advanced stages. Lung cancer is one of the most common diagnoses in the structure of oncopathology. With early diagnosis and timely treatment, the prognosis improves, but mortality in this pathology is still at a fairly high level.

Symptoms of fluid accumulation in lung cancer:

Shortness of breath at rest, worse with minimal exertion;
Feeling of discomfort and heaviness in the chest;
Pale bluish skin;
Violent hacking cough;
In case of pulmonary edema, frothy sputum with a pink tint due to leakage of blood cells;
Pain on the side of the affected lung.

The problem of fluid accumulation is that the lungs cannot perform their functions, and the patient feels an acute lack of air. The reason for this may be:

Metastasis to the thoracic lymph nodes, and as a result, a violation of the lymphatic outflow;
With exophytic growth of the tumor in the lumen of the bronchus, the pressure in the pleural cavity gradually decreases, which contributes to the accumulation of fluid;
Due to increased penetration of pleural sheets;
Due to decreased oncotic pressure due to protein loss;
As complications after applicable treatments, such as after radiation therapy.

Fluid in the lungs in oncology may accumulate gradually or may accumulate over several hours. In any case, this is a reason to start diagnosis and treatment.

Removal of fluid from the lungs

It is important to understand that the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity requires immediate treatment under the constant supervision of a physician. In the therapy clinic of the Yusupov hospital, the patient will be advised which doctor to contact if fluid is found in the lungs. Due to the fact that pulmonary edema is not an independent pathology, but develops as a consequence of the underlying disease, the treatment program is developed by a specialized specialist – a cardiologist, oncologist, pulmonologist, gynecologist, otolaryngologist, gastroenterologist. It all depends on the nature of the underlying pathology.

If pulmonary edema occurs due to acute heart failure, the patient is prescribed mild diuretics that are effective for edema, as well as heart medications. Hypoxia is reduced by oxygen inhalations.

When is evacuation of fluid from the lungs indicated and what are its consequences? Normally, a healthy person has about 2 ml of fluid in this area. If its volume increases to 10 ml, then a therapeutic effect is necessary.

Removal of fluid by puncture leads to the restoration of the normal breathing process, and also makes it possible to determine its nature. For one procedure, you can remove no more than one liter of fluid.

How many times it is necessary to pump out fluid from the lungs, the doctor determines for each patient individually, depending on the patient’s condition and the results of the procedure.

The treatment of pulmonary edema is a complex process that must be carried out under the constant supervision of a physician. In the Yusupov hospital, treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis or in a hospital, depending on the available indications. In no case should you ignore the symptoms of pathology and expect that your health will improve on its own. Negligent attitude to the problem can cost lives.

You can make an appointment at the Yusupov Hospital by phone or via the feedback form on the website.

What is the name of the disease in which fluid accumulates in the lungs?

Contents

1 Pleural effusion: what is it and why does it occur in the lungs?
- 1.1 What is fluid accumulation in the lungs?
- 1. 2 Causes of fluid in the lungs
- 1.3 What are the symptoms of fluid in the lungs?
- 1.4 Diagnosis of fluid accumulation in the lungs
- 1.5 Complications of fluid accumulation in the lungs
- 1.6 Treatment of fluid accumulation in the lungs
- 1.7 Medical treatment of fluid accumulation in the lungs
- 1.8 Rehabilitation procedures for fluid accumulation in the lungs
  - 1.8.1 Treatment of the problem through lung drainage
  - 1.8.2 Physiotherapy exercises to treat the problem
  - 1.8.3 Scaling the problem with drugs
- 1.9 How can I prevent fluid from building up in my lungs?
- 1.10 Home care for someone with fluid in the lungs
- 1.11 Where can I get qualified medical help if I have fluid in my lungs?
- 1.12 Related videos:
- 1.13 Q&A:
  - - 1.13.0.1 What is fluid in the lungs?
    - 1.13.0.2 What type of disease causes fluid to accumulate in the lungs?
    - 1. 13.0.3 What are the symptoms of fluid accumulation in the lungs?
    - 1.13.0.4 How is accumulation of fluid in the lungs diagnosed?
    - 1.13.0.5 How is fluid accumulation in the lungs treated?
    - 1.13.0.6 What are the consequences of fluid accumulation in the lungs?

Find out what is a disease in which fluid accumulates in the lungs, what causes it and what symptoms accompany this pathology. What methods of treatment are used for such a disease and what preventive measures will help to avoid it.

During pathological processes in the body, a disease can occur when fluid accumulates in the lungs. This condition is called pleural effusion. Such a disease can be caused by various causes and have different health consequences.

Pleural effusion is not an independent disease, but only a symptom of a pathological process in the body. A variety of reasons can lead to fluid buildup in the lungs, including chronic diseases, infections, injuries, and tumors.

In order to properly diagnose and treat pleural effusion, the underlying cause must be identified. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatments for pleural effusion.

What is fluid accumulation in the lungs?

Fluid accumulation in the lungs, also known as pulmonary edema, is a medical condition in which fluid begins to accumulate in the lung tissue. This can occur due to various diseases and conditions such as heart failure, bronchitis, pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, and others.

Treatment for fluid in the lungs depends on the cause. Doctors usually prescribe diuretics, drugs that help remove excess fluid from the body. In some cases, surgery or other treatments may be required.

Advice: If you have symptoms of fluid in your lungs such as cough, shortness of breath, extreme fatigue, seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Causes of fluid accumulation in the lungs

China-like disease – this disease often causes accumulation of fluid in the lungs. China-like disease is a rare genetic disorder that causes abnormal development of blood vessels in the lungs. Because of this, blood cannot pass freely through the vessels, and fluid begins to accumulate in the lungs.

Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood. In addition, fluid accumulation in the lungs is often observed due to age-related changes in the heart and blood vessels, obesity, arterial hypertension and diabetes.

Acute and chronic bronchitis – Hypothermia and infections of the upper respiratory tract can lead to acute or chronic bronchitis, and increase the chance of fluid accumulation in the lungs.

Other possible causes of fluid in the lungs are: lung infections, chest trauma, alcohol, drug or substance abuse, allergic reactions, and some types of cancer.

What are the symptoms of fluid accumulation in the lungs?

One of the main symptoms of fluid accumulation in the lungs is a cough. Most often it is not accompanied by discharge, and experts describe it as drier. The cough may be worse at night and in the morning when the patient is lying down.

Another noticeable symptom of fluid accumulation in the lungs is fatigue. The patient may tire quickly with exertion, have difficulty moving, and exhale quickly. Shortness of breath, chest tightness, and noisy breathing may also occur.

Pay attention to changes in urine. If it has become less voluminous and more saturated in color, this may indicate the accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Patients may also experience leg swelling, chest pain, and excessive sweating.

If you notice one or more of these symptoms, see your doctor. Treatment of fluid accumulation in the lungs requires an integrated approach and the appointment of individual therapy based on the causes of this condition.

Diagnosis of Fluid in the Lungs

Fluid in the lungs can lead to serious consequences, including respiratory failure and heart problems. For the timely detection of this disease, it is necessary to undergo regular medical examinations and monitor your health.

Blood tests for oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, as well as electrocardiography (ECG) and other additional tests, may be performed to further assess the patient’s condition.

When fluid buildup is detected in the lungs, doctors will prescribe appropriate therapy, which may include medication, as well as lung drainage to remove the accumulated fluid. It is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible when the corresponding symptoms appear in order to avoid serious complications and maintain health.

Complications of fluid accumulation in the lungs

Pneumothorax is one of the possible complications in which air accumulates in the pleural cavity and leads to compression of the lungs, which can lead to their collapse.

Pleural empyema is a purulent inflammation of the pleural cavity that can develop as a result of fluid accumulation in the lungs. It is necessary to immediately begin treatment with antibiotics and, if necessary, drainage of the pleural cavity with the removal of purulent contents.

Pulmonary Fibrosis – In some cases, the accumulation of fluid in the lungs can cause an extensive fibrotic reaction with the formation of connective tissue in the lungs. This can lead to a violation of the functions of the body and even to its complete unsuitability.

Hypoxia – When the areas of the lungs in close proximity to the fluid that accumulates do not receive enough oxygen, this can lead to hypoxia (decrease in the level of oxygen in the blood) and complicate the general condition of the patient.

Infected insect bite – If fluid builds up in the lungs, there is a risk of infection by an infected insect, which can also lead to other diseases.

Breathing difficulties – regardless of the cause of the accumulation of fluid, it can lead to breathing difficulties, a deterioration in the quality of life and a complication of the general condition of the patient.

Treatment of fluid accumulation in the lungs

A disease in which fluid accumulates in the lungs is called pneumophorax. Its treatment depends on the cause and degree of development of the disease.

In addition, it is important to monitor the patient’s respiratory function and, if necessary, prescribe oxygen therapy. In some cases, surgery may be required to remove excess fluid or regulate breathing function.

It is important to see a doctor in time and not delay treatment.
Patients should follow their doctor’s orders, take their medications correctly, and control their breathing.
In the presence of chronic diseases and disorders in the functioning of the lungs, it is necessary to carefully monitor your health and undergo regular examinations.

With correct and timely treatment of fluid accumulation in the lungs, it is possible to achieve complete recovery and prevent complications.

Medications for Fluid in the Lungs

Fluid in the lungs can be caused by a variety of things, from heart failure to infections and cancer. The treatment for this condition depends on its cause.

One of the most common medical treatments for fluid in the lungs is diuretics. These drugs increase the excretion of fluid from the body by the kidneys, reducing its accumulation in the lungs. Depending on the severity of the condition and the individual patient, different types of diuretics may be used.

If fluid builds up in the lungs due to infection, antibiotics may be used. They will help destroy the infectious agent and reduce inflammation, which in turn will help reduce fluid buildup.

For more serious cases of lung cancer or drug abuse, treatment may include chemotherapy or surgery to remove fluid buildup.

Diuretics – drugs that increase the excretion of fluid from the body.
Cardio-improving drugs are drugs that improve circulation and reduce swelling.
Antibiotics are medicines used to treat infectious diseases.
Chemotherapy and surgery are treatments for more severe cases of fluid in the lungs.

Rehabilitation procedures for fluid accumulation in the lungs

Treating the problem with a lung drain

A lung drain is a procedure used to remove accumulated fluid in the lungs with a needle or tube inserted into the chest. This procedure helps to improve respiratory function and reduce the discomfort caused by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs. However, it is only performed in a hospital and may not be safe, so it must be prescribed by a doctor.

Physiotherapy exercises for the treatment of problem

Certain exercises to increase lung capacity and strengthen the muscles of the respiratory system can help with fluid retention in the lungs. Warm-ups with specialized devices such as pulmonators are also considered effective in the treatment of such diseases. It is important that these exercises are prescribed by a specialist and monitored during execution to avoid possible complications.

Scaling the problem with drugs

Some medicines can help relieve fluid buildup in the lungs, such as diuretics and bronchodilators. Diuretics are used to remove excess fluid from the body, and bronchodilators help open the bronchi and reduce associated diseases such as obstructive pulmonary disease. Certain medications can have side effects, so their use should be discussed with a healthcare professional.

How can I prevent fluid buildup in my lungs?

Fluid buildup in the lungs can result from a variety of conditions, including heart failure, pneumonia, and lung cancer. It is important to know that the main preventive measure is the prevention of the underlying disease.

However, there are a few additional steps you can take to help reduce the risk of fluid buildup in your lungs:

Do not smoke. Smoking increases the risk of many diseases, including lung cancer and pneumonia.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Eat nutritious foods, get regular exercise, maintain a healthy weight, and control your cholesterol and blood pressure.
Maintain personal hygiene. Wash your hands, wear a respirator if you have SARS, and avoid contact with people who have TB.

It is important to understand that if you have a high risk of developing a condition that can cause fluid to build up in your lungs, discuss this with your doctor. He may recommend additional prophylaxis or examination.

Helpful Hints

Drink at least 8 glasses of water a day to stay hydrated.

Get regular medical check-ups and follow your doctor’s recommendations for a healthy lifestyle.

Home care for a person with fluid in the lungs

Fluid in the lungs is a serious disease that requires complex treatment and constant medical supervision.

However, some patient care measures can be taken at home to alleviate the patient’s condition and make the treatment process more effective.

Monitor the patient’s condition: regularly measure temperature, pressure, pulse, record the results and report to the doctor.
Provide comfortable conditions: maintain optimal room temperature and humidity, provide fresh air, provide a comfortable bed and pillows for a comfortable sleep of the patient.
Drinking habits: Give the patient water or other fluids regularly as directed by the physician.
Monitor nutrition: provide the patient with a diet appropriate for his condition and the doctor’s recommendations.
Breathing exercises: Regular breathing exercises to improve lung function.

Do not forget that it is important not only to support and help the patient, but also to follow the doctor’s instructions and not make any independent decisions in the treatment of the disease.

Where can you get qualified medical help if you have fluid in your lungs?

Fluid buildup in the lungs can be a dangerous condition requiring immediate medical attention. If you notice coughing, difficulty breathing, chest pain, or other signs associated with fluid in your lungs, contact your healthcare provider right away.

If you cannot get advice from your doctor, consult a neurologist or a general practitioner. These professionals can make recommendations or make appointments to help you manage your condition.

If you have acute symptoms such as difficulty breathing or chest pain, you may need emergency care. In this case, contact an ambulance or call an ambulance.

In any case, if fluid builds up in the lungs, professional medical attention should be sought to diagnose and treat the problem. Don’t put off seeing a doctor until tomorrow because your health and life may depend on it.

Q&A:

What is fluid in the lungs?

Fluid in the lungs is a medical condition where fluid builds up in the lungs.