What causes flat poop. How can hemorrhoids affect stool shape. What are effective treatments for flattened stool. Which home remedies can help with abnormal stool shape. When should you be concerned about changes in stool appearance.

Understanding Flat Stool: Causes and Concerns

Flat, squarish, or stringy stool occasionally occurs and is rarely a cause for immediate concern. Typically, stool should resemble the shape of the intestines – slightly rounded like a sausage, smooth, with some surface cracks. While temporary changes in stool appearance are common and often diet-related, persistent changes or those accompanied by other symptoms may indicate an underlying condition requiring medical attention.

Is flat stool always a sign of a serious problem? Not necessarily. Short-term changes in stool shape can result from dietary factors, such as consuming foods with artificial coloring, excess fatty foods, or insufficient fiber intake. However, if the changes persist for an extended period or are accompanied by other symptoms, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional.

Hemorrhoids and Their Impact on Stool Shape

Can hemorrhoids cause flattened stool? While hemorrhoids themselves don’t directly cause flat stools, they can indirectly affect stool shape. Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the rectal area that can cause pain, itching, and bleeding. In some cases, large hemorrhoids may partially obstruct the anal canal, potentially leading to changes in stool shape, including flattening.

How do hemorrhoids affect bowel movements? Hemorrhoids can make bowel movements uncomfortable and may cause straining during defecation. This straining can potentially alter the shape of the stool as it passes through the anal canal. Additionally, the presence of hemorrhoids may cause some people to change their bowel habits, which could indirectly affect stool consistency and shape.

Common Conditions Associated with Flat Stool

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

IBS is a group of gastrointestinal symptoms that occur without visible signs of damage or disease in the digestive system. Symptoms of IBS include:

• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Bloating
• Gas
• Diarrhea or constipation (sometimes alternating)
• Changes in stool appearance, including flattened stools

How is IBS treated? Treatment for IBS may include dietary changes, stress management techniques, medications to manage specific symptoms, and in some cases, psychological therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Constipation

Constipation involves having fewer bowel movements than usual or passing hard stools that are difficult to evacuate. Symptoms of constipation include:

• Infrequent bowel movements (less than three times a week)
• Straining during bowel movements
• Hard or lumpy stools
• Feeling of incomplete evacuation

How can constipation be relieved? Treatment for constipation may include increasing fiber intake, staying hydrated, regular exercise, and in some cases, using laxatives or stool softeners as recommended by a healthcare provider.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea is characterized by loose or watery stools occurring several times a day, often accompanied by abdominal pain or discomfort. Symptoms of diarrhea include:

• Frequent, loose, watery stools
• Abdominal cramps
• Nausea
• Urgent need to have a bowel movement

How is diarrhea managed? Treatment for diarrhea may involve taking over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medications, addressing the underlying cause, and replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration.

Serious Conditions That May Cause Flat Stool

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

BPH refers to an enlargement of the prostate gland. While it primarily affects urination, it can also impact the colon and potentially cause stringy or flat stool. Symptoms of BPH include:

• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Difficulty starting urination
• Weak urine stream
• Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying

How is BPH treated? Treatment options for BPH may include watchful waiting, medications to shrink the prostate or relax the bladder muscles, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

Colorectal Cancer

Changes in stool shape, including flat or pencil-thin stools, can be a potential sign of colorectal cancer. If a tumor grows in the colon or rectum, it can alter the shape of the bowel, leading to changes in stool appearance. Symptoms of colorectal cancer may include:

• Changes in bowel habits
• Blood in the stool
• Persistent abdominal discomfort
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue

How is colorectal cancer treated? Treatment for colorectal cancer depends on the stage and location of the cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

Other Potential Causes of Flat Stool

Various factors can cause narrowing of the colon or rectum, potentially leading to flat poop. These issues may include:

• Inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis)
• Intestinal obstructions
• Adhesions from previous abdominal surgeries
• Anal fissures
• Rectal prolapse

Are these conditions always serious? While some of these conditions can be serious, others may be manageable with proper treatment. It’s important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management plan.

Home Remedies and Lifestyle Changes for Flat Stool

Several home care techniques can help address flat stool, depending on the underlying cause:

Increase Fiber Intake

If constipation is causing flat stool, consuming more fiber-rich foods can help. High-fiber foods include:

• Whole grains (oats, quinoa, brown rice)
• Fruits (apples, pears, berries)
• Vegetables (broccoli, carrots, spinach)
• Legumes (beans, lentils, chickpeas)

How much fiber should you consume daily? The recommended daily fiber intake for adults is 25-30 grams. Gradually increase your fiber intake to avoid digestive discomfort.

Stay Hydrated

Drinking plenty of water can ease the passage of stool, making it less likely to be flat. Aim for at least 8 glasses of water per day, and more if you’re physically active or in hot weather.

Regular Exercise

Physical activity can positively impact gastrointestinal problems. Activities that may help include:

• Walking
• Jogging
• Swimming
• Cycling
• Yoga

How much exercise is recommended? Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week.

Consider a Low FODMAP Diet

For those with IBS, a low FODMAP diet may help alleviate symptoms. FODMAPs are short-chain carbohydrates that can be poorly absorbed by the small intestine, potentially causing gastrointestinal issues.

What foods are high in FODMAPs? High FODMAP foods include certain fruits (apples, pears), vegetables (onions, garlic), dairy products, and wheat-based products. A dietitian can help create a personalized low FODMAP meal plan.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Flat Stool

While occasional changes in stool shape are usually not cause for concern, certain situations warrant medical attention:

• Persistent changes in stool shape lasting more than a few weeks
• Blood in the stool
• Unexplained weight loss
• Severe abdominal pain
• Chronic diarrhea or constipation
• Fever accompanying digestive symptoms

What will a doctor do to diagnose the cause of flat stool? A healthcare provider may perform a physical examination, order blood tests, stool tests, or imaging studies such as CT scans or colonoscopy to determine the underlying cause of persistent flat stools.

Prevention and Long-term Management of Digestive Health

Maintaining good digestive health can help prevent issues that may lead to flat or abnormally shaped stools. Here are some tips for long-term digestive wellness:

• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day
• Exercise regularly to promote healthy bowel function
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques or mindfulness practices
• Avoid excessive alcohol consumption and quit smoking
• Practice good toilet habits, such as not straining during bowel movements

How often should you have your digestive health checked? It’s recommended to have regular check-ups with your healthcare provider, including screenings for colorectal cancer starting at age 45 for average-risk individuals.

Understanding the potential causes of flat stool and implementing healthy lifestyle habits can go a long way in maintaining digestive health. While occasional changes in stool shape are usually not cause for alarm, persistent changes or those accompanied by other symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. By staying informed and proactive about your digestive health, you can ensure early detection and management of any potential issues.

What causes flat poop? Treatments and home remedies

Occasionally, stool may be flat, squarish, or stringy. This is rarely a cause for concern.

Poop should generally resemble the place from which it comes: the intestines. It is usually slightly rounded, like a sausage, and smooth, with some cracks on the surface.

It can be concerning if stools are suddenly not “normal.” Most of the time, however, a change in the appearance is short-lived and nothing to worry about.

Temporary changes to the shape or color of stool are common and not necessarily a sign of illness.

Sometimes, they stem from the person’s diet. For example, foods containing colorings can change the color of poop. An excess of fatty foods can lead to oily or greasy poop, and eating too little fiber can likewise give stool an unusual appearance.

Learn more about different types of poop here.

If the changes only last for one or two bowel movements, or even a couple of days, they are likely no cause for concern.

However, if changes in stool shape or color last longer or accompany other symptoms, the cause may be an underlying condition that requires medical attention.

While changes in the color or appearance of stool often stem from the diet and are temporary, some underlying health issues can cause more lasting changes.

Below, we describe some conditions that may cause flat poop:

Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) refers to a group of gastrointestinal symptoms that occur without any visible signs of damage or disease in the digestive system.

Symptoms include:

Treatment may include:

Learn more about the signs of IBS here.

Constipation

Constipation involves having fewer bowel movements than usual or having hard stool that is difficult to pass.

Symptoms include:

Treatment may include:

Find home remedies for constipation here.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea is the passage of loose or watery stools several times a day. It may also involve pain or discomfort.

Symptoms include:

Treatment may involve:

• taking over-the-counter diarrhea medication
• treating the underlying cause
• replacing lost fluids and electrolytes

Learn how to stop diarrhea fast here.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) refers to an enlargement of the prostate. It usually affects urination, but it can also affect the colon and cause stringy or flat stool.

Symptoms include:

• a persistent feeling that the bladder is full, even right after urinating
• trouble urinating
• needing to push or strain to urinate

Treatment may include:

• keeping an eye on the symptoms and notifying the doctor of any changes
• taking prescription medication
• undergoing surgery

Learn more about BPH here.

Colorectal cancer

Changes in the shape of stool can be one sign of colon or rectal cancer. If a tumor grows in either area, it can change the shape of the bowel, and so cause stool to be flat or thin and pencil-like.

Symptoms include:

Treatment may include:

• surgery, to remove the cancerous cells
• radiofrequency ablation, which involves killing these cells with a probe containing tiny electrodes
• cryosurgery, which freezes and destroys the abnormal tissue
• chemotherapy, which involves stopping cancer’s growth with drugs
• radiation therapy, which involves using high-energy X-rays, for example, to kill cancerous cells or keep them from growing.
• targeted therapy, which involves attacking cancerous cells, without harming regular cells, using drugs or other substances
• immunotherapy, which involves using the immune system to fight the cancer

It is important to remember that the earlier a doctor diagnoses cancer, the better the likelihood of successful treatment.

Learn more about colorectal cancer here.

Other potential causes

Anything that may cause the colon or rectum to narrow may also cause flat poop. These issues include:

The best approach depends on the cause of the issue. Some home care techniques involve:

Fiber

If constipation causes flat stool, eating more fiber-rich foods can help.

Foods with high fiber contents include whole grains and many fruits and vegetables. Leave the skins on, when possible.

Learn about high fiber foods here.

Water

Drinking lots of water can ease the passage of stool, making it less likely to be flat.

Learn about the symptoms of dehydration here.

Exercise

Some evidence suggests that mild physical activity can have a positive impact on gastrointestinal problems.

Walking, jogging, biking, swimming, rowing, lifting weights, and participating in organized sports can all improve symptoms of IBS, for example.

Low FODMAP diet

FODMAP stands for “fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols. ” These are short-chain carbohydrates that can be poorly absorbed by the small intestine and can cause gastrointestinal symptoms.

Evidence supports the use of a low FODMAP diet in the treatment of IBS.

Learn more about the low FODMAP diet here.

Flat poop is rarely a cause for concern. However, seek medical advice if any of the following symptoms occur:

• blood in stool
• dark stool
• pus or mucus in stool
• a high fever
• abdominal pain or cramping
• sudden, prolonged constipation
• pooping more or less often than usual
• drastic changes in the consistency of stool

Overall, if thin or flat stool occurs for more than 3 days, even without any of the above symptoms, contact a doctor.

Bowel movements naturally vary from day to day, and these temporary changes are usually nothing to worry about.

However, prolonged changes can indicate an underlying health issue. If flat poop occurs for more than 3 days, seek medical advice. It may be wise to do so earlier if there are other symptoms.

Experts see ‘alarming’ spike in young patients with colon cancer – Department of Surgery

Associate Professor, Division of General Surgerry

KIRO7 News | by Deedee Sun | April 18, 2019

Doctors who are leaders in treating and researching colon and rectal cancers are discovering the age of their patients keeps going down.

In the last 10 years, they’ve noticed more patients in their 30s, 20s and even teens getting diagnosed – something that used to be considered incredibly rare.

Even the best experts in the field say they have no idea why.

“Cancer was not even a possibility in my mind,” said Marcio Torre, who is a Gig Harbor physician in orthopedics and general surgery. He’s also a husband and dad to two young kids.

He told KIRO7’s Deedee Sun that at age 43, he noticed something wrong.

“The way it started for me was blood dripping into the toilet and blood coated-stools. That’s classically how an internal hemorrhoid is going to present,” Torre said.

With no family history of colon cancer, he dismissed it.

Over the next few years, the symptoms came back about once per year.

Then in 2018, Torre said he had a bowel movement that his medical training told him he could not ignore.

“It was flat, kind of ribbonlike, short, fragmented feces. And that to me, I knew it is cancer until proven otherwise,” Torre said.

He got his diagnosis in December.

“Just before Christmas. It was hard on my wife, Nicole. I think we’ve gotten through the worst,” Torre said.

“I was shocked at the CT scan result when I was at stage 4, which indicated that we had liver metastasis. That was humbling. I knew at that stage it was bad,” Torre said.

Torre is in his 40s, but experts in the field say colorectal cancers are suddenly showing up in much younger patients, too.

Dr. Mukta Krane, Associate Professor, Division of General Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, specializes in colorectal surgery at University of Washington Medicine and Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and co-performed the surgery on Torre.

“All of us are increasingly seeing patients now that are in their 20s and 30s coming in with rectal cancer, and it was really a rarity in the past when you saw a patient that age,” Krane said.

She said many of those young patients also have no family history of colon cancer and end up getting diagnosed with an advanced form of the cancer that impacts the last section of the lower intestines, closest to the rectum.

“I think it is really alarming,” Krane said.

The cause behind the recent spike is a mystery to the medical community.

“The increase is happening too quickly to be described or attributed just to something genetic. So most of us think that there is some environmental exposure, lifestyle factors that are increasing that risk. And we don’t know what it is,” Krane said.

Adding to the problem – like with Torre – young patients with who see signs such as rectal bleeding or abnormal stools just don’t think “cancer.” Their doctors don’t, either.

“The thought of being 25 years old and having rectal cancer just doesn’t fall into play,” Krane said. “So when they’re coming in, they’re coming in with advanced disease.”

It’s why Torre is sharing what he’s going through.

“So this never has to happen to someone else again,” Torre said. “Listen to your body. Bleeding of any kind anywhere is not normal. Go see a physician. Don’t be afraid by a colonoscopy.”

Torre is doing incredibly well, but he still has a long road ahead, including more chemotherapy next week.

“I really have no idea how much time I have left, but I’m pretty optimistic and so are my surgeons,” Torre said.

MORE ON SYMPTOMS

Sun asked Krane when it’s time to see a doctor and what red flags to look for.

“If you have rectal bleeding, if you notice a change in your bowel habits or the size of your stool or you’re having vague abdominal pain, those are reasons to see a doctor. Especially at your age where normally you may just say, ‘I’m busy, I don’t think this is anything. I’m just going to see what happens.’ I think listening to those symptoms, and then I think advocating for yourself when you’re at the doctor’s office and saying, ‘I’m experiencing bleeding, it’s been increasing, I know it just may be hemorrhoids, but I’ve heard about colorectal cancer. Can we talk about whether I should be screened for it?’” Krane said.

Krane also describes stools that can be indicators for colorectal cancer.

“People will typically, when they have rectal cancer in particular, will notice a narrowing in their stool. They’ll call it a ribbon-like stool. And essentially what’s happening is a tumor starts on the inside of the intestine, and it starts causing a partial blockage. So what’s able to come out is thinner. They may also notice it’s deformed,” Krane said.

“You asked, what can you do? You can look at your bowel movements,” Krane said. “People will describe, I started noticed my bowel movements were misshapen. My stool every time seemed to have a defect on it, it was like concave. That can also be signs of a tumor.”

“Some people may experience they’re going much more frequently, and they’ll describe like they don’t feel like they’re emptying. And that’s because whatever can make it through this more narrow rectum is what’s coming out, but there’s still things left over,” Krane said.

“And lastly, I think that the consistency can change. So people may all of a sudden notice there’s more diarrhea,” she said.

She said all of those symptoms can be caused by other issues, but it’s worth bringing up to your general practitioner and having a conversation about whether you should be screened further.

Is It Hemorrhoids or Colon Cancer?

Although hemorrhoids and colon cancer are two very different conditions, they can share similar symptoms. This guide will help you learn about the different signs.

Noticing blood in your stool for the first time is understandably alarming. The good news is that it’s likely that blood in your stool is an indication of hemorrhoids, which while not much fun, aren’t generally a serious medical condition.

Hemorrhoids are actually swollen veins located in the anus and rectum area, and they’re quite common: Approximately half of all adults experience hemorrhoids by the age of 50. They can be internal (inside the rectum or anus) or external (on, or protruding from, the rectum or anus), and symptoms can range from no or mild discomfort to significant pain, itchiness and bleeding.

While the exact cause of hemorrhoids is unknown, they’re most likely to occur when there’s an increase in pressure in the area, such as when you strain to have a bowel movement, for example. They’re more likely to occur during pregnancy, aging, sitting for long periods of time, chronic constipation or diarrhea, straining or lifting heavy objects.

Hemorrhoids usually aren’t dangerous, and in many cases, the symptoms will go away within a few days.

Here are some of the most common signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids:

• Itching or irritation in the anal area
• Bright red blood on toilet tissue, stool or in the toilet bowl
• Pain or discomfort, especially during bowel movements
• A sensitive or painful lump(s) on or near your anus

To relieve symptoms, doctors recommend sitting in a lukewarm bath, alternating moist heat with ice and limiting extended periods of time spent sitting. There are also over-the-counter topical creams and suppositories to battle the symptoms. Patients are also advised to use scent- and dye-free toilet paper and to keep the area clean.

Colon cancer (also known as colorectal cancer) is a malignant tumor, arising from the inner wall of the large intestine. Signs and symptoms of colon cancer are often not specific, which means they may be mistaken for a number of different conditions. When colon cancer is detected in its early stages, there may be no symptoms present at all.

The usual symptoms and signs of colon cancer are:

• Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
• Dark-colored stool
• A change in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation or narrowing of the stool that lasts for more than a few days
• A feeling that you need to have a bowel movement that is not relieved by having one
• Cramping or abdominal (belly) pain
• Weakness and fatigue
• Unintended weight loss

In most cases, people who have these symptoms do not have cancer. Still, if you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, you should contact your doctor, so the cause can be found and treated.

To check for colon cancer, physicians use sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to look for growths (polyps) in the colon. If a growth is found, the physician will take a biopsy to determine whether the growth is cancerous. If you are diagnosed with colon cancer, treatment depends on how early it is found, but it may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and targeted therapies. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include a family history of colon polyps (small clump of cells that form on the lining of the colon) and long-standing inflammation of the large intestine.

Because the symptoms are often subtle and easily overlooked, colon cancer screening is very important. In fact, the American Cancer Society recommends starting regular screenings at age 45.

by Ramin Zahed

The Colorectal Cancer Program at USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center is one of the nation’s leading programs in cancer treatment and cancer genetics. If you are in the Los Angeles area, call  (800) USC-CARE (800-872-2273) or visit https://keckmedicine.org/request-an-appointment/ to schedule an appointment.

Why Is My Poop Stringy? 5 Causes of Narrow, Thin Stools

Admit it: You sometimes peek at your poop in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement (BM). Have you ever noticed that your stool is narrow, long, pencil-thin, or stringy?

If your poop is narrow or stringy only once in a while, it’s no big deal. But if it happens often, it may be a sign of certain health problems.

Stringy stool could be a sign of both minor and more serious health conditions, like these:

Constipation

Constipation is when you poop less than three times a week. It can have many different symptoms. While narrow or pencil-thin stool is not always a sign of constipation, it may be if your poop doesn’t normally look that way.

Constipation is usually caused by a lack of fiber in your diet or not enough exercise. Other causes include pregnancy, travel, use of some medications, and changes in your hormone levels.

When you’re constipated, your stool may be hard, dry, and difficult to pass. It may look lumpy.

Continued

Having narrow or pencil-thin BMs on occasion isn’t something to worry about. If it looks that way all the time or it gets narrower over time, it could be a concern, so let your doctor know.

If constipation is the cause of your narrow poop, you might also have these symptoms:

• Belly cramps or pain
• Bloating or gas
• Lack of energy
• Low appetite
• Need to strain when you poop
• Feel like you can’t get all the poop out

Simple constipation treatments include:

• Add more fiber to your diet, at least 25 grams a day.
• Eat more whole grains, fresh fruits, and veggies.
• Get more physical activity.
• Drink more fluids like water.

You may think that the easy way to treat constipation is to take an over-the-counter laxative. But if you overuse laxatives, it can make things worse. Talk to your doctor before you take any laxative, so you know it’s the right treatment for you.

Colorectal Cancer

If you have stool that’s suddenly stringy or poop that gets pencil-thin over time, does it mean you have cancer? Doctors used to link narrow BMs to colorectal or colon cancer. That’s because they thought that cancer in your colon caused it to become narrower, and your poop would look narrow after it passed through.

Continued

Now, they no longer think this is always the case. Gradual narrowing of your stool could be one symptom of colon cancer, but it’s usually the result of other, much less serious conditions.

Ask your doctor if you need to take any tests to rule out colorectal cancer, like a colonoscopy.

If colorectal cancer is the cause of your narrow stool, you might have these other symptoms:

Colon cancer treatments include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Anal Cancer

Narrow stool could be a sign of another, rare kind of cancer: anal cancer. It’s a cancer that starts in your anus, or the outer part of your rectum where poop comes out.

Poop that changes in shape and becomes narrower is one possible sign of anal cancer, which is usually caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV).

Continued

If anal cancer is the cause of your narrow bowel movements, you may have these other symptoms:

• Pain, a “full” feeling, bleeding, or itching in your rectum
• Strange rectal discharge
• Lumps felt around the opening of your anus
• Swollen lymph nodes around your anus

Anal cancer is usually treated with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Changes in your poop’s shape or size can be a sign of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Your stool may look smaller or narrower than normal. Its texture can change. You may have diarrhea, which can look stringy.

If irritable bowel syndrome is the cause of your narrow stool, you might also have these other symptoms:

• Constipation
• Gas
• Bloating
• Mucus in your poop
• Strong urge to go
• Belly cramps that ease after you poop
• After you poop, you feel like you have to go again

To manage IBS, get more fiber in your diet. Soluble fiber in foods like fresh apples, oranges, and beans can ease constipation and diarrhea. Insoluble fiber in foods like whole grains can bulk up your stool so it passes more normally.

Stress may trigger IBS episodes, so try to find healthy ways to manage stress, like exercise.

Parasitic Gut Infections

Parasites like tiny worms can get into your gut and cause thin, stringy BMs or stringy, loose diarrhea.

These bugs are also called roundworms. They live in the soil and can get into your food, then live in your gut.

Roundworms are more common in hot, humid parts of the world, underdeveloped countries, and places where there is poor sanitation.

If roundworms are the cause of your stringy, thin poop, you may have these other symptoms:

• Fever
• Shortness of breath
• Cough or wheeze
• Belly pain
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• You see actual worms in your poop

If the worms stick around in your gut for a long time, they can block your bowels. Signs of a blockage are severe belly pain and vomiting. If you have these symptoms, get help from a doctor right away.

Contact your doctor right away if you think you or your child has a parasitic infection or worms. Diarrhea can dehydrate you very quickly.

Your doctor may prescribe the drug albendazole to get rid of the roundworms and their eggs.

5 Facts You Need to Know – Health Essentials from Cleveland Clinic

Contributor: I. Emre Gorgun, MD

Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy

Your bowels communicate.

That may sound strange, but here’s what I mean: Signs of everything from diseases to stress may show up in your bathroom habits. The key is knowing what to look for — and what the signs may mean.

1. There is no normal

People are different. So are bowel movements. The size, shape and consistency of feces will change greatly from person to person.

Instead of looking for “normal,” look for a change. Did you use to move your bowels frequently but now have trouble doing so? Did they use to be solid but now are runny for a long period of time? When you experience a big, noticeable change that lasts, it’s time to see your doctor.

2. Blood is a warning sign

If there is blood in your feces on a recurring basis, see a doctor. Blood can be a sign of polyps or colorectal cancer. It also can be caused by benign conditions such as hemorrhoids and anal fissures. In any case, it’s worth getting checked out.

If you see blood, keep an eye out for other symptoms: weight loss, fever, chills. When they come together, those are “high-alert” symptoms of bowel disorders.

3. Sometimes size is a concern

If you used to have sizeable stools but now they are always pencil thin and hard to pass, consult your doctor. In certain types of colon cancer, the bowel gets narrow, and so do your bowel movements.

Thin stools do not automatically mean cancer. But if they last a long time and if going to the bathroom is difficult for you, your doctor may order a colonoscopy to rule it out.

4. Consistency matters

We all have bouts of diarrhea from time to time. Runny, watery stool over a short period of time can mean mild food poisoning or an infection, for example.

But if you used to have solid bowel movements and now have diarrhea frequently, it could be a sign of an inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis — especially if it comes with other symptoms such as abdominal pain, blood and weight loss.

5. It could be stress

Your body reacts to things that go on around us. The impact of stress and unresolved issues may show up in your bathroom.

Your bowels may be indicating something that you’re not appreciating consciously. If your bathroom habits have changed drastically and other medical causes have been excluded, life’s stresses may be to blame.

Pay attention to what your bowels are telling you. From stress to medical conditions, they may give you warning signs that will help you improve your health.

Pencil Thin Stools – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

Changes in the stool can be related to changes in the diet or may be indications of a condition of the digestive tract. Narrowing of the stool may be due to a mass in the colon or rectum that limits the size of the stool that can pass through it. Conditions that cause diarrhea can also cause pencil thin stools.

Persistent pencil thin stool, which may be solid or loose, is one of the symptoms of colorectal polyps or cancer. As the size of the polyp or cancer increases, it can decrease the internal diameter of the colon or rectum so that only thin stool can pass through. Other symptoms can include blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort, and unintended weight loss, particularly in the case of advanced colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancers are diagnosed in about 140,000 people in the United States per year.

Narrowing of the rectum or anus can be caused by enlargement of the prostate in men or may be a complication of anal fissures (tears or cracks), rectal ulcers, Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis (inflammatory bowel diseases), or anorectal trauma or surgery.

The loosely formed stools of diarrhea may have a narrow, sometimes ribbon-like appearance. Diarrhea can have a variety of causes; it may go away on its own or become chronic. Diarrhea that is persistent or accompanied by other symptoms may require treatment.

Pencil thin stools that do not resolve within a couple of days or that are associated with other symptoms can be associated with serious conditions.
Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you have bloody stool, black or tarry stool, stool with pus, severe abdominal pain or cramping, high fever (higher than 101 degrees Fahrenheit), or if you suddenly stop passing stool. If you are having diarrhea, it increases your risk of dehydration, which can have significant complications. Symptoms of dehydration, such as decreased urination, excessive thirst, fatigue, and light-headedness, also require immediate medical care.

If your pencil thin stools are persistent or cause you concern, seek prompt medical care

Signs and Symptoms of Colon Cancer

What are the signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer? 

Colorectal cancer might not cause symptoms right away. In fact, many of the symptoms of colorectal cancer can also be caused by other problems, such as infection, hemorrhoids, irritable bowel syndrome, or inflammatory bowel disease.

It’s important to get checked if you have any of following problems. In many cases, people who have these symptoms do not have cancer. But you should talk to your doctor if you have any of them so the cause can be found and treated.

• A change in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of the stool, that lasts for more than a few days
• A feeling that you need to have a bowel movement that is not relieved by having one
• Rectal bleeding with bright red blood
• Blood in the stool, which might make it look dark brown or black
• Cramping or abdominal (belly) pain
• Weakness and fatigue
• Losing weight without trying

Often colorectal cancer doesn’t cause symptoms until it has grown or spread. That’s why it’s best to be tested for colorectal cancer before ever having any symptoms. Colorectal cancer that’s found early through screening, before you have symptoms, might be easier to treat. Screening can even prevent some colorectal cancers by finding and removing pre-cancerous growths called polyps.

How does the doctor know if it’s cancer?

If you have symptoms that might be caused by colorectal cancer or if a screening test shows something not normal, your doctor will want to do more testing to find the cause. 

Your doctor will ask about your medical history to learn about possible risk factors, including check for symptoms and. It’s important to know your family history. You will also be asked if you’re having any symptoms and, if so, when they started and how long you’ve had them. 

You might be able to have a virtual visit to talk with your doctor about symptoms or risk factors that might be worrying you. But, depending on your symptoms, your doctor might want you to schedule an in-person visit so you can be examined. As part of a physical exam, your doctor will carefully feel your abdomen for masses or enlarged organs, and also examine the rest of your body. You may also have a 
digital rectal exam (DRE). During this test, the doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into your rectum to feel for any abnormal areas. 

Your doctor may also want you to get more tests such as:

• Colonoscopy:  A colonoscopy is a test where a thin tube with a light on the end is put through the anus, into the rectum and colon to look closely at the inside. If any abnormal lump (mass) or growth
  (polyp) is found, a piece of it can be taken (a biopsy) and checked in the lab for cancer cells.
• Biopsy: During a biopsy, the doctor takes out a small piece of tissue where the cancer might be. The tissue is checked for cancer cells. This is the best way to know if you have cancer.    
• CT or CAT scan: A CT scan is like an x-ray, but the pictures of your insides are more detailed. CT scans can also be used to help do a biopsy and can show if the cancer has spread.
• Ultrasound: For this test, a small wand is moved around on your skin. It gives off sound waves and picks up the echoes as they bounce off tissues. The echoes are made into a picture on a computer screen. It’s used to help find cancer and see if it has spread.
• Gene and protein tests: The cancer cells in the biopsy tissue might be tested for genes or proteins such as KRAS, BRAF, MMR and MSI. Knowing which genes or proteins your cancer has can help the doctor decide if treatments like targeted therapy or immunotherapy might help.

Other tests, such as MRI scans, x-rays and blood tests may also be done to look at how big the cancer is and whether it has spread.

What happens if I have colorectal cancer?

If you have colon or rectal cancer, treatment depends on which type of cancer it is, how big it is, and whether it has spread. Treatment may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Many people get more than one type of treatment. It’s important to talk openly with your doctor and ask questions if you don’t understand something. Here is a list of questions to ask your doctor that you can take with you.

90,000 Hemorrhoids are hazardous to health! The author of the article: doctor-hirudotherapist Suslova Margarita Vasilievna.

03 December 2019

Family Health Magazine

HEMORRHOUS is one of the most common diseases in all age groups.
groups. Suffer from hemorrhoids most often
in middle age, but it also occurs in
early childhood, and among the elderly.It is more common in men (77.2%) than in women.
This disease is based on dysregulation of the outflow and flow of blood.
in the cavernous veins of the rectum, leading to stagnation of blood in them. As a rule, the occurrence of enlargement of hemorrhoids is one of the manifestations
general venous insufficiency. This
primarily contribute to the features of the venous system of the rectum,
sedentary lifestyle, heavy
physical labor, alcohol abuse, pregnancy, inflammation in the rectum and adjacent pelvic organs, constipation.For chronic
constipation, as the cause of hemorrhoids, indicates
more than half of the patients (50.5%). Constipation
cause hemorrhoids, and hemorrhoids increase
constipation. Accumulating in the rectum
fecal masses press on the surrounding venous vessels, causing blood stagnation and vasodilation in them. The course of hemorrhoids is always chronic with periodic
exacerbation.
Chronic hemorrhoids with exacerbation
delivers a lot of trouble due to pain, inflammation, bleeding, loss of swollen or strangulated thrombosed nodes.In the acute stage of the disease
independent stool in patients is difficult
or completely impossible. A sharp swelling of the surrounding tissues, spasm of the rectal sphincter and sharp pain interfere with
defecation. A complex of local
and general procedures to reduce venous congestion.
One of the oldest and most effective treatments is the use of leeches. Leeches are very useful
with acute phlebothrombosis of hemorrhoids. Alleviation of the condition occurs after the first session of hirudotherapy.Leeches eliminate venous
stagnation in the pelvic organs, normalize blood circulation and bowel function,
have anesthetic and anti-inflammatory effect, destroy already
existing blood clots and prevent the formation of new ones. In the acute period, sessions
hirudotherapy is carried out daily until
the disappearance of all signs of the disease.
After relieving acute pain, hirudotherapy
supplemented by techniques that reduce
venous congestion of the pelvic organs:
gymnastics, therapeutic enemas, massage, “cleansing” the liver and fighting
constipation.

Almost every second inhabitant of our country today suffers from constipation. Refined food, quick snacks,
ill-considered diets and other attributes of modern nutrition – these are the main
causes of constipation. And their consequences? how
it would be nice if a person never
did not grow old, remained until the end of his life
as young and beautiful! Few
it is known that premature aging
is often a consequence of the most common constipation. Poor bowel function
very strongly affects the appearance.If a person suffers from constipation, especially for several years, a lot of toxins accumulate in the body. it
leads to the fact that the exchange is disrupted
substances; almost no vitamins are absorbed
and minerals; oxygen starvation develops.
The face is the first to react. On the
purulent eruptions appear. By
in fact, these are the same toxins that are not
being able to come out naturally
way (through the intestines), “break through”
out through the pores and sebaceous glands.If a person has been constipated for years,
the rash can appear on the back and on
breasts. Signs of premature aging appear. Due to the strong “slagging” of the body, the skin quickly loses its tone. She becomes lethargic and
very wrinkled. Exfoliate and break
nails. What’s more, chronic constipation
often cause early baldness. Therefore, before buying
expensive cosmetics, pay attention to
the work of your intestines. Start on a special diet and get rid of
from constipation! Chronic constipation causes
irreparable harm to our liver.One
of the main functions of the liver – to neutralize and remove toxins from the body
and other harmful substances. When will their
accumulates a lot (which is
due to constipation), the liver is overloaded and ceases to cope with its
tasks. Constipation is especially dangerous in those
cases when the liver is already sick. Poisonous substances enter the bloodstream, begin
poison all organs, damage the nervous system and even the brain. Therefore, chronic constipation sometimes causes such seemingly distant
from him states like strong headaches
pain, memory lapses, excessive irritability and even senile dementia.There is a lot of research today
causes of colon cancer, but observations show that people
with chronic constipation more often than others
susceptible to cancer. The fact is that throughout our life, about one and a half thousand carcinogens pass through the gastrointestinal tract. For constipation
these harmful substances are retained in
the body. And the longer they are in it, the higher the likelihood of developing
cancer. This is confirmed by the fact that most often a cancerous tumor occurs in
places of accumulation of feces: in the blind
and the sigmoid colon, hepatic angle,
splenic corner, etc.The elderly are especially at risk. After all, they are more likely to suffer from chronic constipation, and therefore
more at risk of getting sick
cancer. Constipation is caused by many
various reasons, among which inactivity is of great importance,
chronic stress, lengthened sigmoid colon, eating disorders and many, many others.
Intestinal health and regularity
work is directly related to the fact that we
eating. Nutrition of modern people in
much the same.These are mostly refined, refined foods. Few
which of us eats brown rice, cooks on
water oatmeal, buys coarse bread, daily adds to his diet
not less than 1-2 kg of vegetables, fruits. All these
foods contain vegetable dietary fiber. It has been found that food
fibers promote peristalsis and
the appearance of soft stools, serve as “food”
beneficial to the body bifidobacteria, prevent the processes of decay and
fermentation in the intestines, eliminate dysbiosis.Vegetable dietary fiber is an excellent sorbent. They are
bind and remove heavy metals and toxic elements from the body. IN
daily diet of an adult
there should be at least 30-40 g of plant fibers. Hirudotherapy is
an auxiliary method for the treatment of constipation, but absolutely necessary in the presence of signs of venous congestion
abdominal organs, if present
constipation against the background of acute or chronic hemorrhoids, as well as for senile constipation associated with malnutrition,
atrophy of the mucous membrane and weakening of the contractile activity of the thick
intestines.Hirudotherapy should be accompanied by bowel cleansing, including a sufficient amount in the diet
fiber, restoration of microflora
intestines, abdominal massage and herbal medicine. Here are the “secrets” to gut health
and his regular work!

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90,000 Colon polyps. Symptoms Treatment

Diagnostics and removal of polyps of the large intestine, rectum is carried out in our clinic at st.Kuznechnaya, 83, Yekaterinburg.

Colon polyp is a small focal overgrowth of cells that forms on the wall of the colon. While most colon polyps are harmless, some become cancerous over time.

Any person can develop colon polyps. But the risk is higher in people over 50 who are overweight, smoke, eat high-fat, low-fiber foods, and have relatives with polyps or colon cancer.

Colon polyps usually do not cause any symptoms. This is why doctors recommend regular preventive examinations. Removing polyps that are in the early stages of development is usually safe. Prophylactic screening helps prevent colon cancer, a common disease that can be fatal if found only in its advanced stages.

Symptoms of colon polyps

Colon polyps vary in size from a pea up to the size of a golf ball.Small polyps may not cause symptoms. You may not know you have them until they are found during a colonoscopy.

However, sometimes polyps can manifest themselves with the following symptoms::

• Rectal bleeding. You may notice bright scarlet blood on toilet paper or on the toilet after stool. While it can be a sign of colon polyps or cancer, rectal bleeding can be caused by other causes, such as hemorrhoids or a fissured anus.If bleeding occurs from the rectum, you should definitely consult your doctor.
• Blood in the stool. Blood may appear as red streaks in the stool or evenly stain the entire stool black. You should be aware that discoloration of stool is not always indicative of a problem – iron supplements and some antidiarrheals can make stools black, while beets and licorice root can cause redness in stool.
• Constipation or diarrhea (diarrhea).While changes in bowel function that last longer than a week may indicate the presence of a large colon polyp, it could also be the result of a number of other causes.
• Abdominal pain. Sometimes large polyps of the colon can partially obstruct the intestinal lumen, making it difficult for stool to move, leading to cramping abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and severe constipation.

When to see a doctor

See your doctor if you notice any of the following symptoms:

– Stomach pain

– Blood in the stool

– Changes in bowel function that lasts longer than a week

You should be checked regularly for polyps if:

– Your age is 50 years and older;

– You have risk factors such as a family history of colon cancer – in some cases of high cancer risk, regular screening (prophylaxis) should be started much earlier than 50 years old.

Danger of colon polyps

There is still no clear understanding of the causes of colon cancer. Colorectal cancer is known to arise from altered cells in the colon. Normally, healthy cells grow and divide in an orderly manner, but sometimes this process gets out of control. Cells continue the process of dividing even when there is no need for it. In the colon and rectum, this uncontrolled cell growth can lead to precancerous diseases (colon polyps).Subsequently, over a period of time – covering up to several years – some of the polyps can transform into malignant neoplasms.

Polypoid and non-polypoid neoplasms are classified as precancerous tumors of the large intestine.

Colon cancer most often develops from polyps of the large intestine, which are shaped like a fungus. In some cases, precancerous growths may be flat or sunken into the intestinal wall (non-polypoid growths).Non-polypoid neoplasms are more difficult to detect, but less common. Removing colon and rectal polyps and non-polypoid neoplasms before they become cancerous can help prevent colon cancer.

Diagnostics of colon polyps

Colonoscopy is performed to examine the mucous membrane of the large intestine. During colonoscopy, a thin, flexible tube equipped with a video camera is inserted through the anus into the large intestine.The image from the video camera is transmitted to the monitor screen and examined by the doctor. If the doctor finds any suspicious area on the colon lining, he will take a small piece of tissue for histological examination. If the doctor finds a polyp or polyps during a colonoscopy, he can immediately remove them. In most cases, colonoscopy is performed under light general anesthesia, which allows the patient to feel comfortable.

Virtual colonoscopy (computed tomography of the large intestine).If you are unable to undergo a colonoscopy, your doctor may recommend a virtual colonoscopy as a preliminary diagnostic method. Computed tomography of the large intestine is widely used during screening preventive examinations (check up).

Treatment of colon polyps

Method of treatment of polyps of the colon and rectum – removal. Polyps are removed during colonoscopy. After colonoscopy, the removed tissue site is sent for histological examination.

After removal of polyps, you should avoid taking aspirin, medications containing aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics such as ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin and others for two weeks after the procedure to reduce the risk of bleeding. You can take paracetamol if needed.

If you are taking warfarin, Plavix, Tiklid or similar anticoagulants, your doctor will advise you when you can resume taking them.

You may notice blood in your stools within one to two days after the polyp is removed. Tell your doctor right away if you experience heavy bleeding, discharge of blood clots, or abdominal pain.

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90,000 Anal fissure, treatment – Medical Center

Anal fissure – a spontaneously arising defect in the mucous membrane of the anal canal of a linear or elliptical (in the form of an ulcer) shape.

Often, it is with this disease that patients come to us, complaining of pain in the case of alleged “hemorrhoids”. Indeed, this disease can mimic completely different conditions, accompanied by a pain symptom and / or blood separation: paraproctitis, hemorrhoids, especially acute, cryptitis, papillitis. The possibility of a combination of several of these extremely unpleasant diseases should not be disregarded either. Therefore, it is extremely important that the diagnosis of anal fissure, as well as any other mentioned disease, is established by a qualified coloproctologist, and as soon as possible!

So what can cause an anal fissure?

The provoking factors for the formation of anal fissure can be: constipation, diarrhea, spicy food, alcohol, childbirth, food, poor in fiber, doing some sports, for example, cycling.

Defects of the mucous membrane of the anal canal almost always appear in areas that are supplied with blood worse than others, respectively, they are less well restored. Such zones are located behind (the most common location of anal fissures) and in front of the anal canal – the place of attachment of the so-called. “Commissure” – ligaments that fix the anal canal. The mucous membrane in these places is less mobile than along the rest of the circumference of the anal canal, and is more easily damaged by mechanical stress, which leads to an easier occurrence of a defect.On the other hand, the inferior blood supply compared to other areas prevents the defect from healing quickly and contributes to the appearance of an anal fissure. At the bottom of the defect, multiple nerve endings are located, and when the crack comes into contact with the feces, acute pain occurs, causing a reflex spasm of the sphincter, which further impairs the blood supply to the area of ​​the crack, and thus closes the vicious circle spasm – deterioration of blood supply – damage to the mucous membrane – pain – spasm. Only by breaking this vicious circle can anal fissure be healed. But first, you need to diagnose it.

When can you suspect you have an anal fissure?

There are two symptoms of the disease: pain in the anus and blood separation during bowel movements. Pain in the anus can be differently expressed, but most often it is intense, “cutting” (many patients compare it with the feeling of “crushed glass” in the anus), occurs immediately after the act of defecation and lasts from several minutes to many hours, especially in chronic long-term existing cracks.Against the background of such pains, people who come to us often develop a fear of stool, many begin (completely unreasonably!) To adhere to a diet that forms the minimum amount of feces. True, in a number of cases, there is a low intensity of pain syndrome, or no such syndrome at all.

Blood in an anal fissure is separated during the act of defecation with a stool, as a rule, in small quantities – traces on toilet paper, or streaks in the stool. But the symptom is very unstable, and there may be both intense bleeding, which is the main complaint and frightening people more than pain, or a complete absence of blood separation.

The third symptom is the presence of a defect in the rectal mucosa, which is not directly detected by patients, and can be determined by a coloproctologist when examining the anus. True, often around a chronic long-existing anal fissure, connective tissue, or cicatricial, structures are formed, which can be defined as dense nodes in the anus, and are interpreted by patients as “hemorrhoids.” Hemorrhoids, in fact, are not!

As can be seen from the above, the manifestations of anal fissure can vary, and the diagnosis should be made by a coloproctologist.The main thing that a specialist can determine is an acute anal fissure in this case, or has already passed into a chronic one. The treatment for these two conditions is completely different.

Note that initially there is an acute anal fissure, characterized by the presence of an even linear defect in the mucous membrane of the anal canal. It is already manifested by the classic described picture of pain in the anus and the separation of blood during bowel movements. It is very important to identify the disease at this initial phase , i.e.because at this stage it is possible, in most cases, the cure of the disease is conservative, that is, non-surgical techniques!

A specialist coloproctologist will be able to choose a course of therapy, including:

• diet
• Restriction of certain types of physical activity
• activities aimed at the formation of normal stool
• local therapy (baths with preparations, suppositories, applications of ointments)
• Physiotherapy
• blockade with drugs.

Strict adherence to the prescribed therapy and early start of treatment largely determine a favorable prognosis and avoid surgery.

If the fissure cannot be treated, treatment is not started on time, or the patient does not strictly adhere to the recommendations, an acute anal fissure becomes chronic: the size and depth of the anal fissure increases, cicatricial changes in the edges and angles of the defect appear (the mentioned “sentinel tubercles”) , the pain syndrome usually intensifies. In the future, complications of the anal fissure may form – narrowing of the anal canal (stricture) with the impossibility of normal defecation; the formation of fistulas of the anus, insufficiency of the anal sphincter, even acute paraproctitis (the formation of abscesses in the anus).

Treatment of chronic anal fissure, operative. Non-surgical treatment does not give the desired effect; maximum, you can achieve a slight reduction in pain in cases where the operation is contraindicated (for example, during pregnancy).

In our medical center, we carry out treatment in accordance with the most modern global trends. The most commonly used technique is radio wave surgery of the anal fissure. This manipulation is performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia, as a rule, does not require anesthesia, and is well tolerated by patients. The duration of the procedure is about 10-20 minutes. In the presence of concomitant diseases, such as hemorrhoids, fistulas, strictures of the anal canal and others, it is possible to carry out one-stage surgery for these pathological conditions, which allows avoiding repeated interventions.

Radio wave treatment consists in precision excision of an anal fissure with scar tissue with a radio scalpel. A flat, even wound remains at the site of the anal fissure, which gradually heals without leaving any cosmetic or functional defects. Also, a dosed dissection of a part of the muscle fibers of the anal sphincter is performed – the so-called sphincterotomy. As a rule, the sphincterotomy is performed submucosa, to reduce the undesirable consequences – anal incontinence, severe pain syndrome.

For normal and quick wound healing after excision of the fissure , we carry out postoperative therapy, which is quite simple and easily performed at home. Activities include:

• Diet and Stool Regulation!
• Local therapy (baths with antiseptics, application of antiseptic ointments)
• Pain-relieving, antibacterial therapy on request.
• Therapeutic exercise and bougienage of the anus

It should be borne in mind that, as after any operation, after excision of the anal fissure, complications are possible, although rare, such as bleeding, secondary infection, acute urinary retention, and a number of more rare ones. It is radio wave surgery and rational operative manipulations that can significantly reduce the likelihood of complications. However, in case of such situations, patients after surgery are in direct contact with the attending physician of our center, which allows you to quickly and efficiently take action. By combining the latest surgical techniques, rational postoperative management of patients, constant communication between doctors and patients, our center has achieved the highest level of safety and effectiveness of anal fissure healing.

In conclusion, I will summarize once again what you need to remember:

• Many diseases of the anal region can mimic each other, and are often combined with each other;
• In view of the above, the diagnosis of any disease must be established by a specialist coloproctologist. Self-diagnosis is unsuccessful and self-treatment is fraught with the development of an advanced stage and complications of the disease
• Development of a treatment plan, if necessary, surgical treatment should be carried out by a coloproctologist in a specialized medical institution.

Finally, one must bear in mind the delicacy of any problem associated with the ano-rectal area. By contacting a doctor specializing in the treatment of these particular diseases, you will not only receive adequate treatment, but also a delicate individual approach.

The medical center receives residents of the cities: Irkutsk, Shelekhov, Angarsk, Bratsk, Usolye-sibirskoye, Cheremkhovo and other cities of the Irkutsk region.

90,000 Modern techniques in the treatment of anal fissure

An anal fissure (or fissure of the anal canal or fissure) is a spontaneously occurring linear or damage to the mucous membrane of the anal canal of the rectum and is one of the most common proctological diseases.

Distinguish between acute and chronic stages of the disease.

Acute anal fissure in the absence of treatment since the first episode of pain for more than three months, as a rule, becomes chronic. With a chronic anal fissure, the mucous membrane thickens at the edges, external (skin) and internal (fibrous polyp of the anal canal) sentinel tubercles are formed, and drug treatment is no longer enough.

Causes of anal fissure

• Insufficient intake, fatty carbohydrate-rich foods, spicy foods and alcohol abuse

• constipation or diarrhea

• pregnancy and childbirth

• Certain sports (cycling)

• mechanical damage to the rectal mucosa (including during anal sex)

• acute hemorrhoids, cryptitis and other proctological diseases

• hard physical labor

Crack Symptoms and Signs

• Pain in the anus during and after defecation

• Bloody discharge during bowel movements in the form of blots on stool and toilet paper

• spasm of the internal sphincter

• feeling of discomfort, itching, burning in the anal area

Please note

Symptoms such as pain and blood during bowel movements may also indicate the presence of an oncological process.Therefore, do not self-medicate, but consult a doctor in time. With inadequate treatment of anal fissure, complications such as paraproctitis – acute or chronic inflammation of the tissue, may develop. Paraproctitis is one of the most common proctological diseases (20-40% of all rectal diseases).
Timely starting treatment in our center, you can do with minimally invasive conservative methods without pain and discomfort.

How is anal fissure treated at GRAND MEDICA?

To diagnose hemorrhoids at the initial consultation, the coloproctologist conducts a visual examination, finger examination, anoscopy and, if indicated, sigmoidoscopy (painless instrumental examinations).An anal fissure is a tear in the skin around the anus. This is a common problem that can cause severe pain, especially after an act of bowel movement. This condition is associated with spasm of the internal anal sphincter. The spasm reduces blood flow to the damaged area and interferes with healing. The goal of treatment is to break this pathological cycle and speed up healing.

Conservative treatment

Surgical treatment is effective for anal fissures, but it is usually prescribed for patients who have not been helped by non-surgical methods of treatment.Alternatives to surgery include laxatives, ointments, botulinum toxin injections, fiber-rich meals, and more water. Primary anal fissures are treated with ointments to relax the anal sphincter and reduce pain, thus promoting healing. However, for some people, the use of ointments is inconvenient and embarrassing, and some patients develop headaches that are sometimes so severe that this is a reason to stop treatment with ointments.

Chemical sphincterotomy (botulinum toxin injection)

Injecting botulinum toxin into the anal sphincter muscle relaxes the muscle enough to prevent spasm and pain, and the fissure heals. This procedure is performed under application anesthesia, as part of outpatient care. The main advantage of using botulinum toxin injections is the ability to avoid lateral sphincterotomy (dissection of the sphincter), in which part of the lateral fibers of the sphincter muscle is cut; this procedure has a very small risk of permanent incontinence.Most patients get better after a botulinum toxin injection. Very rarely, but some patients need a second botulinum toxin injection after 2-3 months.

Lateral sphincterotomy

Sphincterotomy refers to the dissection of the sphincter. The operation is performed under general anesthesia. Your doctor will make a small incision in the skin near your anus. Then he will cut the lower part of the internal sphincter muscle. This will ease the spasm, improve circulation to heal the fissure. Cutting the sphincter creates a permanent effect, and one of the risks of this procedure is weakening the muscle strength.This is why some patients develop a loss of control, which manifests itself as gas incontinence or leakage of feces.

Fissure excision

Indications:

• Presence of a high risk of developing anal incontinence after sphincterotomy;

• Perineal tears during labor in women;

• Clinical signs of prolapse of the pelvic floor;

• Age over 60;

• Presence of a prolapsed internal sentinel tubercle;

Using an electrocoagulator, an incision is made in the mucous membrane and skin around the crack.Then, flat, along the projection of the muscle fibers of the sphincter, a fissure with a crypt, a sentinel tubercle and a hypertrophied anal papilla is excised within healthy tissues. The excision is performed in the form of a triangle with its apex facing the intestine, the base on the perianal skin, or in the form of an ellipse.

After discharge from hospital

For the fastest healing, you should stay in bed for the first few days, walk as little as possible. The wound may take several weeks to heal, so a pad will need to be worn.Regular exercise will help you get back to your daily activities faster. You need to ask the doctors what exercises to do and when to start doing them. Recovery after surgery is very individual. Someone feels severe pain and swelling, while for someone this discomfort is minimal. Get advice on pain relievers and laxatives to help prevent constipation.

Any pain caused by a fissure should go away quickly. Usually, you return to work within a few days, depending on your occupation.

If suddenly, unfortunately, you feel severe abdominal pain or severe bleeding, please immediately contact the clinic by phone 8 (3843) 99-40-40 or the ambulance station, be sure to notify them that you have been given operation.

In the postoperative period, until the wound heals, patients need to perform regular debridement of the anal area using sit baths with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or chamomile. Perform daily dressings using ointment bases (which our specialist will individually select for you), which have anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects.

A weekly medical monitoring of the course of the wound process is required until the wounds are completely healed. For the period of wound healing, a diet rich in plant fiber is required, taking dietary fiber (as an option, plantain seed preparations) to soften the stool.

Diet number 3 according to M. I. Pevzner

Cooking technology: food is cooked mostly unmilled, boiled in water or steamed, baked. Vegetables and fruits are eaten both raw and boiled.Food should mainly consist of vegetables, fresh and dried fruits, baked goods, cereals, fermented milk drinks.

Allowed:

• Bread – wheat from coarse flour: “doctor’s”, “health”, crisp bread (soaked), rye. Dry biscuits, uncomfortable pastries.

• Soups – mainly from vegetables in meat broth, cold fruit and vegetable soups, borscht, beetroot soup, cabbage soup.

• Meat and poultry – low-fat varieties of various types of meat, chicken, turkey boiled or baked, sliced ​​or chopped. Milk sausages.

• Fish – low-fat types, boiled or baked; seafood dishes.

• Vegetable dishes and side dishes – various types of vegetables and herbs, non-sour sauerkraut, beets are especially recommended.Dishes and side dishes made from flour, cereals, legumes, crumbly and semi-viscous cereals, puddings, casseroles. Pasta, boiled and in the form of casseroles, buckwheat dishes are especially recommended. From legumes: green peas, bean curd.

• Eggs – no more than one egg per day, it is better to add to dishes.

• Fruits, berries, sweet dishes and sugary foods – melons, plums, figs, apricots, prunes, sugar, jam, especially mountain ash, honey, compotes (especially from rhubarb), mousses, fruit sweets are especially recommended.

• Milk, dairy products and dishes made from them – milk (if tolerated – sweet), sour cream, cottage cheese, yogurt, one- and two-day kefir, acidophilic milk, cheeses.

• Sauces and spices – dairy, sour cream with vegetable broth, fruit and berry dressings.

• Fats – butter, vegetable oils from dishes.

• Snacks – salads from raw vegetables, vinaigrette with vegetable oil, vegetable caviar, fruit salads, mild cheese, low-fat ham, soaked herring, meat and fish aspic.

• Drinks – tea, coffee from substitutes, a decoction of wild rose and wheat bran, fruit and vegetable juices (from plums, apricots, carrots, tomatoes).

Forbidden:

Bread made of high-grade flour, puff and pastry, fatty meats and fish, duck, goose, smoked meats and fish, canned fish and meat (limit rice and semolina), radish, radish, garlic, onion, turnip, mushrooms, jelly, blueberries, quince, dogwood, chocolate products with cream, spicy and fatty sauces, horseradish, mustard, pepper, cocoa, black coffee, strong tea, animal and culinary fats, alcoholic beverages.

The coloproctological service of the clinic has the most modern equipment and technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of diseases of the colon and rectum.

Make an appointment with the proctologist by phone 8 (3843) 99-40-40 or leave a request on the website.

Analfissur | Munich Proctology Practice

Anal Fissure Treatment: Conservative and Operative

Despite the unfavorable conditions in the wound area (intestinal bacteria, localization, moisture, mechanical stress), an acute anal fissure heals for the most part by itself.If the symptoms disappear quickly, the disease appears to be cured. But sometimes there was only obvious healing: The wound sticks together and heals superficially, but deep down, chronic inflammation develops, caused by intestinal bacteria.

If the scar is unstable and tears open over and over again even with normal stools, folds and growths of the mucous membrane (hypertrophied anal papilla) appear in the front seat. These pieces of skin are often thought to be hemorrhoids or polyps.They can take on considerable size and come out of the anus. Over time, the niche can deepen more and more, in which stool particles and bacteria settle, which further irritate the mucous membrane.

Conservative treatment methods

If an acute anal fissure has not existed for a long time, surgery can often be avoided:

• Stool regulation : In very hard stools, the anal fissure opens again and again due to the stretching during the passage of the stool.Very soft stools penetrate more into the wound and adhere more strongly to the base of the wound. Thus, the goal is not a too hard chair, but a curly one. Flea seed casings are ideal for seat adjustment. They bind liquid and thereby make hard stools soft and soft, and stools harder.
• Ointment : Various active ingredients can be used to treat anal fissure. The most common is a combination of local anesthesia (with lidocaine) and sphincter muscle relaxation (with diltiazem).This should give the anal fissure the ability not only to adhere superficially, but also to heal stably from depth.
• Low-level laser therapy: The use of laser light is already known for typical problem wounds such as diabetic foot and leg ulcer (peptic ulcer) in venous diseases. Many cellular mechanisms of action have been experimentally proven: Inhibition of inflammation , stimulation of growth factors , increase of connective tissue resistance , as well as microcirculation and of the activity of cellular metabolism .Therefore, treatment with this form of therapy is also an obvious choice for chronic anal fissures. The treatment is done once or twice a week for six weeks and is painless. Currently, our experience is limited to anal fissures, where surgery will be considered, but where surgery cannot be scheduled due to professional responsibilities or is not desirable for other reasons. Most of the patients undergoing this treatment report 90,014 a noticeable improvement in their subjective complaints .Whether sustained healing can be achieved in the long term has yet to be proven with certainty.

Surgical methods

The so-called fissurectomy aims to flatten a deep wound and eliminate the formation of pockets and niches. Then the wound will heal from the depths and get rid of symptoms for a long time. This procedure is always performed under anesthesia so as not to overlook the anal fistula, which sometimes develops simultaneously or as a result of the formation of an anal fissure.

In our proctological practice, we take care of the professional treatment of anal fissures. If you have any questions on this topic, please do not hesitate to call us to make an appointment. Dr. Hofer and Mr. Birtle will be happy to assist you.

Anal fissure: When is surgery necessary?

• For very severe pain, which often occurs shortly after washing the intestines and lasts for hours or even a whole day.
• When bleeding occurs in almost every intestine for a week or longer.
• If the complaint has been pending for more than six months.
• If there are secondary changes: collapsible outpost, hypertrophied anal papilla.

Causes of hemorrhoids – Clinic Health 365, Yekaterinburg

Hemorrhoids occur in people who have several adverse factors. The most important causes of hemorrhoids are impaired outflow of blood through the veins of the rectum, insufficiency of connective tissue, dysregulation of the vascular wall, increased venous pressure in the pelvis due to constipation, prolonged sedentary work or pregnancy.

With the combined effect of these factors for a long time, the veins around the anus (anus) can expand and hemorrhoids form, which eventually increase in size and begin to protrude.

Sedentary work and physical inactivity , hard physical labor. As a result of prolonged sitting position, blood stagnation occurs in the pelvic region. Excessive physical activity (for example, when lifting weights) also causes a sharp increase in intra-abdominal pressure and stagnation of blood in the veins, which leads to overflow of the pelvic veins.Veins stretch and lose their elasticity over time. On the contrary, moderate physical activity, skiing, jogging, swimming, gymnastics, strengthen and stimulate the pelvic circulation, prevent stagnation of blood in the veins.

Chronic constipation . About 50% of patients presenting with hemorrhoids initially deny that they are constipated. However, upon careful questioning, almost all of these patients admitted to have many symptoms suggestive of chronic constipation.

The definition of constipation includes the following: infrequent bowel movements (usually less than three times a week), difficulty during bowel movements (feeling of tension during more than 25% of all bowel movements or a subjective sensation of hard stools), or a feeling of incomplete bowel movement.

Constipation is usually manifested by a change in the consistency of stools (hard, painful stools) and a violation of the physiology of stool discharge (irregularity, difficulty in evacuating feces, tension during bowel movements).Although excessively hard stools usually lead to difficulty in defecation, in elderly patients with anatomical abnormalities of the intestine (megacolon, diverticula) and impaired motility, soft and heavy stools can also cause constipation. Constipation usually occurs when several factors are present: a diet with an insufficient amount of dietary fiber, low physical activity, impaired nervous regulation of intestinal activity (for example, under stress), anatomical defects of the intestine, and the patient’s expectation of pain during stool and deliberate stool retention may also be present.

Obesity . With obesity, firstly, the pressure inside the abdominal cavity increases due to an increase in the omentum (the omentum is a duplication of the peritoneum filled with adipose tissue), and secondly, intestinal motility is disrupted due to a sedentary lifestyle.

Pregnancy (especially in the third trimester). In pregnant women, there are several factors at once that contribute to the occurrence of hemorrhoids:

– Violation of blood circulation in the pelvic organs (the enlarged uterus compresses the inferior vena cava, and causes stagnation of blood in the veins of the pelvis and lower extremities).

– Many pregnant women report a tendency to constipation, this is due to changes in the regulation of the intestines during pregnancy. In addition, doctors often advise a woman to limit her fluid intake, which also leads to a change in the consistency of the stool (it becomes harder).

– During pregnancy, a woman cannot lead the same active lifestyle as before pregnancy, which causes physical inactivity and additional stagnation of blood in the veins of the legs and pelvis.

Chronic diarrhea (frequent watery stools).Some patients may have diarrhea for several months. At the same time, the volume of feces increases (more than 300 g per day) and the frequency of bowel movements. As a result, irritation and inflammation of the rectum and anus occurs, which is the cause of exacerbation of preexisting hemorrhoids. In chronic diarrhea, diarrhea can be replaced by severe constipation.

Anal . During anal sex, firstly, the blood flow to the vessels of the rectum increases significantly, and secondly, the circular muscle that closes the exit from the rectum is stretched.This is the reason for the appearance of hemorrhoids and the prolapse of internal hemorrhoids.

Liver cirrhosis . As a result of changes in liver tissue and an increase in resistance to blood flow through the hepatic tissue, portal hypertension syndrome (increased pressure in the portal vein of the liver) develops.