Can pregnancy cause ovarian cysts. How dangerous are ovarian cysts during pregnancy. What are the symptoms of ovarian cysts in pregnant women. How are ovarian cysts during pregnancy managed.

Understanding Ovarian Cysts: Prevalence and Types

Ovarian cysts are a common occurrence in women of childbearing age, particularly those over 30. These fluid-filled sacs can develop on or within the ovaries and may pose various health risks if left undetected. While most ovarian cysts are benign, some can develop into ovarian cancer, potentially affecting fertility and even endangering a woman’s life.

There are several types of ovarian cysts, each with distinct characteristics and potential complications:

• Follicular cysts
• Corpus luteum cysts
• Endometriomas
• Dermoid cysts
• Cystadenomas

Common Causes of Ovarian Cysts

Research has identified five primary causes of ovarian cysts:

1. Inadequate follicular development
2. Failure to ovulate
3. Inability to absorb ovarian fluid
4. Ruptured blood vessels in endometriosis areas
5. Hormonal imbalances, including excess chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone

Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts During Pregnancy

While many ovarian cysts remain asymptomatic, some pregnant women may experience various symptoms indicative of their presence. These can include:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Bloating and digestive issues
• Abnormal abdominal growth or pressure
• Vaginal bleeding
• Nausea or vomiting (especially in cases of ovarian torsion)
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fever (indicating possible infection)

Are these symptoms always indicative of ovarian cysts during pregnancy? Not necessarily. Many of these symptoms can be associated with normal pregnancy changes or other conditions. However, it’s crucial to report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider for proper evaluation.

Assessing the Risks: Ovarian Cysts in Pregnancy

The potential dangers associated with ovarian cysts during pregnancy largely depend on their size and type. While initially small or benign, some cysts may increase in size as the pregnancy progresses. If left untreated, certain cysts can lead to serious complications, including:

• Tumor compression
• Cyst rupture
• Ovarian torsion
• Malignant transformation

How often do ovarian cysts become cancerous during pregnancy? The rate of malignancy in ovarian cysts during pregnancy is relatively low, ranging from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 25,000 cases. However, the risk increases when tumors remain undetected for extended periods.

Management and Monitoring of Ovarian Cysts in Pregnancy

Proper management of ovarian cysts during pregnancy is essential for ensuring the health and safety of both mother and baby. In most cases, ovarian cysts do not pose significant risks to the pregnancy and often resolve on their own without intervention. However, close monitoring is crucial to track any changes or potential complications.

Regular Prenatal Check-ups and Ultrasounds

Healthcare providers typically recommend more frequent prenatal check-ups and ultrasounds for pregnant women with ovarian cysts. These regular examinations allow for:

• Monitoring fetal growth and development
• Tracking the progression of existing cysts
• Early detection of any changes or complications

How often should pregnant women with ovarian cysts undergo ultrasounds? The frequency of ultrasounds may vary depending on the size and nature of the cyst, as well as individual risk factors. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate schedule based on your specific situation.

Treatment Options

In most cases, watchful waiting is the preferred approach for managing ovarian cysts during pregnancy. However, in acute situations such as ovarian torsion, surgical intervention may be necessary. The decision to pursue surgery is carefully weighed against the potential risks to the pregnancy.

Preventive Measures and Early Detection

Taking proactive steps before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risks associated with ovarian cysts. Consider the following recommendations:

1. Pre-pregnancy gynecological examination and ultrasound
2. Early antenatal care within the first trimester
3. Regular prenatal check-ups throughout pregnancy

Why is early detection crucial? Identifying ovarian cysts or tumors early in pregnancy allows for better monitoring and management. As the pregnancy progresses and the uterus expands, it becomes increasingly difficult to detect and assess ovarian abnormalities through physical examination or ultrasound.

Comprehensive Maternity Care: Ensuring Peace of Mind

Choosing a comprehensive maternity care package can provide expectant mothers with peace of mind throughout their pregnancy journey. Such packages often include:

• Continuous monitoring by a team of qualified specialists
• Regular prenatal check-ups and screenings
• Early detection of potential abnormalities
• Convenience during childbirth
• Comprehensive newborn care

How does a comprehensive maternity care package benefit pregnant women with ovarian cysts? By providing access to a team of experts and regular monitoring, these packages ensure that any changes in ovarian cysts are detected and addressed promptly, minimizing potential risks to both mother and baby.

Advances in Ovarian Cyst Management During Pregnancy

Recent advancements in medical technology and research have significantly improved the management of ovarian cysts during pregnancy. These developments include:

• Enhanced imaging techniques for more accurate diagnosis
• Minimally invasive surgical procedures for emergency cases
• Improved understanding of cyst behavior during pregnancy
• Development of novel biomarkers for early detection of malignant transformation

How have these advances impacted pregnancy outcomes? The improved ability to accurately diagnose and monitor ovarian cysts has led to better decision-making regarding treatment options, resulting in improved outcomes for both mothers and babies.

Emerging Treatment Modalities

While conservative management remains the primary approach for most cases, researchers are exploring new treatment modalities for complex situations. These include:

1. Targeted drug therapies to shrink cysts
2. Advanced laparoscopic techniques for cyst removal during pregnancy
3. Innovative imaging-guided interventions

Are these new treatments widely available? Many of these emerging treatments are still in the research and development phase. However, they show promise for future management of challenging cases of ovarian cysts during pregnancy.

Psychological Impact and Support for Expectant Mothers

The diagnosis of ovarian cysts during pregnancy can be a source of significant anxiety and stress for expectant mothers. Addressing the psychological impact is crucial for overall well-being and positive pregnancy outcomes.

Coping Strategies and Support Systems

To help manage the emotional challenges associated with ovarian cysts during pregnancy, consider the following strategies:

• Open communication with healthcare providers
• Joining support groups for women with similar experiences
• Practicing stress-reduction techniques such as meditation or prenatal yoga
• Seeking professional counseling if needed

How can partners and family members provide support? Educating themselves about ovarian cysts, attending medical appointments, and offering emotional support can significantly help expectant mothers cope with the challenges they may face.

Long-term Considerations: Post-pregnancy Follow-up

The management of ovarian cysts doesn’t end with childbirth. Proper post-pregnancy follow-up is essential to ensure ongoing health and well-being. This may include:

1. Postpartum check-ups to assess the status of existing cysts
2. Continued monitoring through regular gynecological exams
3. Discussion of future family planning and potential impact on ovarian health

How long should women continue to monitor their ovarian health after pregnancy? The duration of follow-up care will depend on individual circumstances, including the nature of the cysts and any complications experienced during pregnancy. Your healthcare provider will recommend an appropriate monitoring schedule based on your specific situation.

Impact on Future Pregnancies

Women who have experienced ovarian cysts during one pregnancy may wonder about the implications for future pregnancies. While each case is unique, consider the following points:

• History of ovarian cysts may increase the likelihood of recurrence in future pregnancies
• Early prenatal care and monitoring are crucial for subsequent pregnancies
• Discussing family planning with a healthcare provider can help address potential concerns

Can women with a history of ovarian cysts have healthy subsequent pregnancies? In most cases, yes. With proper medical care and monitoring, many women who have experienced ovarian cysts in one pregnancy go on to have healthy subsequent pregnancies.

Empowering Expectant Mothers: Knowledge and Proactive Care

Understanding ovarian cysts and their potential impact on pregnancy is crucial for expectant mothers. By staying informed and proactive about their health, women can better navigate the challenges that may arise during pregnancy.

Key Takeaways for Expectant Mothers

To empower yourself during pregnancy, keep these important points in mind:

• Regular prenatal check-ups are essential for early detection and monitoring of ovarian cysts
• Most ovarian cysts during pregnancy are benign and resolve on their own
• Report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly
• Seek comprehensive maternity care for peace of mind and expert support
• Don’t hesitate to ask questions and discuss concerns with your healthcare team

How can expectant mothers take an active role in their prenatal care? By educating themselves about ovarian cysts, attending all scheduled appointments, and maintaining open communication with their healthcare providers, expectant mothers can actively participate in their care and ensure the best possible outcomes for themselves and their babies.

Are pregnant ovarian cysts dangerous?

This is an automatically translated article.

Ovarian cysts during pregnancy are not uncommon. It makes many pregnant women confused and worried about whether ovarian cysts are dangerous and what to do when they have ovarian cysts during pregnancy?

The article was professionally consulted by Doctor Nguyen Gia Hoang Anh, Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Vinmec Times City International Hospital

1. Learn about ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts are the most common disease of childbearing age, of all ages, especially women aged 30 and older. If not detected early, cysts can turn into ovarian cancer, affect a woman’s ability to have children, and even endanger a woman’s life.
Ovarian cysts can develop and exist in many different forms with many dangerous, even life-threatening complications.
There are 5 common causes of ovarian cysts that have been recognized, including:
Inadequate development of the follicles, failure to ovulate and failure to absorb the fluid in the ovary. The blood vessels of the endometriosis areas in the ovaries burst, causing bleeding to form cysts. Excess chorionic gonadotropin hormone leads to the formation of lutein cysts. Excessive secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) (just read it as ‘horrible’). The development of the corpus luteum leads to the appearance of a corpus luteum tumor. While most ovarian cysts are asymptomatic, some ovarian cysts during pregnancy or during pregnancy can cause some of the following symptoms:
Pain Bloating, slowness indigestion, poor appetite Abdominal size for gestational age or abnormally high intra-abdominal pressure Vaginal bleeding Nausea or vomiting (when ovaries are twisted) Dizziness, light-headedness due to blood loss Fever, possibility of infection Danger level The risk of ovarian cysts depends on the size and type of ovarian cyst. Although a cyst may be small or benign at first, it can increase in size during pregnancy.
In some cases, if there is no early intervention, the cyst can progress to cause dangerous complications for pregnant women such as:
Tumor compression during pregnancy Broken tumor Torsion phenomenon Malignant neoplasm

U nang buồng trứng và những ảnh hưởng tới sức khỏe sinh sản

2.

Are pregnant ovarian cysts dangerous?

Depending on the type of tumor, the rate of malignancy varies. The cancer rate of ovarian cysts during pregnancy ranges from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 25. 000. Most malignancies occur when the tumor is left undetected for too long in the abdomen. In particular, during pregnancy, the tumor can still turn into ovarian cancer, causing danger to both mother and baby.
Most ovarian cysts during pregnancy are not dangerous or have any adverse effects on the pregnancy.
Other types of ovarian cysts can continue to grow during pregnancy and in some cases can cause pain and heaviness in the lower abdomen. However, even in those cases, these cysts usually don’t cause serious problems with the pregnancy.
To make sure that ovarian cysts during pregnancy are completely unaffected and to monitor the progress of existing cysts, during the prenatal check-up, your doctor will need to schedule an ultrasound. pregnancy more often, to monitor fetal growth and progression of ovarian cysts.
Most ovarian cysts during pregnancy go away on their own during pregnancy without any treatment. If the occurrence of acute cases such as ovarian torsion, pregnant women need timely surgical intervention.
The best way is that before planning to become pregnant and give birth, women should have a gynecological examination, ultrasound, especially the uterus and ovaries. After that, antenatal care should be taken within the first 3 months of pregnancy to detect tumors of the uterus or ovaries. Because after the first 3 months, the uterus will grow according to the development of the fetus, ovarian tumors will be difficult to palpate on examination and difficult to observe with an ultrasound machine, the possibility of miss will be higher. Meanwhile, complications can occur at any time during pregnancy, affecting the health of both mother and baby.
Vinmec International General Hospital offers a full package of maternity services, which is a solution to help all pregnant women feel completely secure because of the companionship of a team of leading specialists. throughout pregnancy. When choosing Maternity package, pregnant women will be:
Monitored by a team of qualified doctors throughout the pregnancy Regular prenatal check-ups and early detection of abnormalities The package pregnancy helps to Convenience during childbirth Newborns receive comprehensive care after birth

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XEM THÊM:

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• Uterine bleeding during pregnancy: When to treat?

What Risks Are Associated with a Ruptured Ovarian Cyst?

Reviewed By:

Having a cyst (a fluid-filled bump) on the ovaries is common and often is
without symptoms. Ovarian cysts are typically harmless, says

Dana Baras, M.D., M.P.H., an obstetrician/gynecologist at

Howard County General Hospital. But in some cases, an
ovarian cyst
can rupture (break open).

“A ruptured ovarian cyst isn’t automatically a life-threatening condition,”
says Baras. “In the majority of cases, the cyst fluid will dissipate and
it’ll heal without any intervention. However, there are some instances in
which a ruptured ovarian cyst becomes an emergency.”

When might an ovarian cyst need medical attention?

Multiple factors can influence whether a ruptured ovarian cyst becomes
problematic. Those include:

Infected Ovarian Cyst

Cysts can develop in response to a pelvic infection (called an abscess). If
an infected cyst ruptures, it can trigger

sepsis, a life-threatening immune response to harmful bacteria. Women with
infected cysts are treated with antibiotics and sometimes require
hospitalization for surgical drainage of the cyst.

Women with

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

— an infection of the pelvic area generally resulting from gonorrhea or
chlamydia — are more likely to develop infected ovarian cysts. The bacteria
from these

sexually transmitted diseases

travel from the cervix into the uterus and may cause cysts to form. These
cysts are filled with bacteria that can lead to sepsis if they rupture.

Ovarian Torsion

Blood flow to the ovary is reduced or cut off when the weight of a cyst
causes the ovary to turn over on itself one or more times (called ovarian
torsion). If this happens, surgery is necessary to restore blood flow.

Management of a Ruptured Ovarian Cyst

While some ruptured ovarian cysts can cause little to no symptoms, others are more severe. Your healthcare team can help you create a management plan that makes the most sense for you.

Learn more about managing ruptured ovarian cysts

Pregnancy and Ovarian Cysts

It’s normal to have an ovarian cyst during your first trimester of
pregnancy. This type of cyst, called a corpus luteum, produces hormones
that initially help sustain the pregnancy. The cyst usually goes away by
the second trimester.

Ectopic pregnancy
is when a fertilized egg implants in an area outside of the uterus. Usually
this happens in the fallopian tubes, but on rare occasions, it implants on
an ovary. Medication or surgery is necessary to remove a cyst caused by
ectopic pregnancy — the cyst gets worse as the pregnancy grows in an area
that can’t sustain it.

Endometriosis and Ovarian Cysts

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue that lines the uterus grows
outside of it. When endometrial tissue forms on the ovaries, it can produce
a type of cyst called an endometrioma. This cyst can fill with blood and
grow large. Endometriosis can affect fertility, increase

ovarian cancer

risk and cause internal bleeding if a cyst ruptures. Cysts caused by

endometriosis

may require surgery.

How can you tell if an ovarian cyst has burst?

“Not all women feel a ruptured ovarian cyst,” says Baras. “Most do feel
pain at the time of rupture and then some discomfort for a few days
afterward. Usually, the symptoms can be relieved with over-the-counter
medications.”

Symptoms you may experience if you have a ruptured ovarian cyst include:

• Sudden, sharp pain in the lower belly or back
• Vaginal spotting or bleeding
• Abdominal bloating

Seek emergency medical attention if you also have abdominal pain with:

• Severe nausea and vomiting (may indicate ovarian torsion)
• Fever (may indicate infection)
• Heavy vaginal bleeding
• Faintness or dizziness

Treatments for ruptured ovarian cysts include watchful waiting, medications
and surgery. “When someone comes in with pain caused by an ovarian cyst, we
first assess if it’s pregnancy-related or infected,” says Baras. “An
ultrasound helps us evaluate the quality of the cyst and whether it’s
ruptured. Treatment depends on the specific diagnosis.”

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Ovarian cyst during pregnancy. What is an ovarian cyst during pregnancy?

IMPORTANT
The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.

An ovarian cyst during pregnancy is a volumetric neoplasm in the form of a cavity with liquid contents that can exist before fertilization or form after the conception of a child. With a small size of cysts, an asymptomatic course is possible, as the fetus grows, pains appear in the suprapubic region of varying intensity, radiating to the groin or sacrum, urination disorders, and constipation. For diagnosis, ultrasound of the pelvic organs is used, which is supplemented by color Doppler mapping. Conservative therapy is aimed at maintaining pregnancy and alleviating the condition. Removal of cysts is performed after the maturation of the placenta.

ICD-10

D27 Benign neoplasm of ovary

• Causes
• Pathogenesis
• Classification
• Symptoms
• Complications
• Diagnostics
• Treatment
  • Conservative therapy
  • Surgical treatment
• Prognosis and prevention
• Prices for treatment

General

An ovarian cyst is more often detected in patients of late reproductive age, usually exists even before conception, due to hormonal and immune changes during gestation, it increases in volume. Cystic formations are diagnosed in 0.02-0.46% of women bearing a child. A direct relationship between the appearance of cysts and pregnancy has not been established. In adolescents and patients over 45 years of age, there is a risk of malignancy of the neoplasm under the influence of endocrine factors.

ovarian cyst during pregnancy

Causes

The exact causes of ovarian cysts during pregnancy are unknown. The most popular theory suggests the influence of endocrine disorders, which can be provoked by external or internal factors, or a combination of them. The development of the disease is facilitated by:

• Sexual infections. Chronic inflammatory diseases of the ovaries can cause disruption of proliferation processes in organ tissues. During pregnancy, the immune system weakens, the infection enters the active phase, which provokes the growth of the cyst.
• Hormonal changes. Associated with a decrease in estrogen production and an increase in the stimulating effect of FSH. They cause diffuse and then focal hyperplasia and proliferation of ovarian cells.
• Abortions. Termination of pregnancy causes fluctuations in the endocrine status, increases the risk of infection of the genital organs. This leads to a violation of the hormonal regulation of the sex glands and proliferative processes.
• Heredity. The likelihood of developing the disease is increased in women who have a maternal history of ovarian cysts.
• Prolonged absence of pregnancy. Regular ovulation is considered a damaging factor for ovarian tissue. If the patient does not become pregnant and does not take oral contraceptives that inhibit the ovaries and the maturation of the follicles, the risk of cyst formation increases.

Pathogenesis

The development of ovarian cysts often begins before pregnancy. Violation of neuroendocrine regulation leads to a weakening of the function of the sex glands. The stimulating effect of FSH triggers proliferation processes. The source of focal hyperplasia can be normal cells that form ovarian tissues, or the remains of embryonic rudiments. In the latter case, cysts prone to malignancy appear.

With regular ovulation, ovarian tissue is damaged at the time of rupture of the follicle. The spilled liquid contains a large amount of estrogens, which increase cell proliferation. In older women, along with conventional estrogens, altered phenol steroids appear that can cause malignancy of cysts, so malignant tumors are often diagnosed in premenopausal pregnant women.

Ovarian cysts found during pregnancy can also be due to endometriosis. The pathogenesis of endometrioid cysts is associated with retrograde reflux of menstrual blood or with the remnants of embryonic tissue in the gonads. Under the influence of hormonal fluctuations, the epithelium in the cyst cavity is rejected, but does not go beyond the capsule and forms its contents.

Classification

Ovarian cysts during pregnancy are classified according to the histological structure, less often – according to the mechanism of origin. The division into types is the same as for neoplasms that have arisen outside the period of gestation. Histological classification includes:

• Epithelial. Serous, endometrioid, clear cell and mixed cysts, Brenner’s tumor.
• From the stroma of the sex cord. Thecoma, fibroma.
• Germinogenic. Dermoid cysts, chorionepitheliomas and ovarian struma.
• Tumor-like processes. Endometriosis, pregnancy luteoma, superficial epithelial and paraovarian cysts, polycystic, hyperthecosis.

Symptoms

Clinical manifestations do not depend on the histological structure of the ovarian cyst during pregnancy. At an early stage, there are no signs of the disease, the duration of the asymptomatic course can reach several years. Subsequently, aching dull pains in the lower abdomen are periodically disturbed, which can radiate to the groin, perineum, and lumbosacral region. Sometimes, before conception, the patient does not know about the existence of a neoplasm, the diagnosis is made during registration and a routine examination.

For the first trimester, the progression of symptoms is uncharacteristic. From 12-13 weeks, the uterus increases in size, changes the location of the appendages, can compress the cyst and cause tension in its capsule. Pain in the lower abdomen intensifies, especially with a change in body position. Acute pain indicates the development of complications – torsion of the legs of the ovarian cyst.

Complications

An ovarian cyst in 18% of cases causes a short-term abortion, the likelihood of complications is determined by the hormonal activity of the neoplasm and the existing risk factors for spontaneous miscarriage. In 12% of pregnant women, serous or dermoid cysts twist at the base. Torsion is accompanied by compression of the vessels supplying the tumor and tissue necrosis. Need emergency care and hospitalization in the gynecological department.

In the 2-3 trimester, with neoplasms of a significant size, the fetus occupies the wrong position – oblique or transverse, which makes it difficult to give birth through the natural birth canal and becomes an indication for caesarean section. If the patient gives birth on her own, at the end of the 1st stage of labor, with the appearance of attempts, there is a possibility of rupture of the cyst capsule and the addition of an acute abdomen clinic.

Large and inactive cystic masses can interfere with the advancement of the fetal head, so the preservation of the tumor before delivery increases the risk of labor anomalies and injuries in the newborn. Malignant degeneration of an ovarian cyst during pregnancy occurs in 25% of women with this pathology.

Diagnostics

Suspicion of an ovarian cyst may occur during examination or routine examination of a pregnant woman. The diagnosis is established in cooperation with an oncogynecologist or oncologist, who exclude the malignant nature of the tumor. The following diagnostic methods are used:

• Gynecological examination. In a bimanual study over the Douglas space, a mobile tugoelastic formation is determined. The shape of a benign cyst is round or oval, the surface is smooth.
• Gynecological ultrasound. A benign ovarian cyst during pregnancy looks like a smooth-walled single-chamber formation of a rounded shape with even contours. The contents are hypoechoic or anechoic.
• CDC. Ovarian cysts are characterized by blood flow in single vessels located in the capsule. A large number of tortuous and irregularly shaped vessels testifies in favor of malignancy.
• SA-125, SA 19-9. Tumor markers are determined for differential diagnosis with a malignant tumor. The analysis is highly specific, with an increase in the rate of more than 35 mU / ml, 78-100% of pregnant women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer.

Treatment

If an ovarian cyst is detected at the conception planning stage, surgical treatment is recommended before pregnancy. In other cases, tactics depend on the type of neoplasia. With follicular and luteal cysts, treatment is not always required, since in most women the formations disappear on their own within 2-3 cycles. For other types of cysts, hormonal therapy is used at the initial stage, with ineffectiveness, laparoscopic removal.

Conservative therapy

Treatment of ovarian cysts in early pregnancy is carried out by conservative methods, aimed at preserving the fetus and reducing unpleasant symptoms. A complete cure by medical methods is impossible. Hospitalization in the gynecology department is necessary in the first trimester when there is a threat of interruption of gestation. From the second trimester, women are sent to the department of pathology of pregnant women. The following groups of drugs are used:

• Gestagens. Oral or vaginal progesterone tablets are indicated to maintain corpus luteum function and maintain pregnancy.
• Antispasmodics. They are prescribed to reduce the tone of the myometrium. Pregnant women are allowed to take drugs based on drotaverine or papaverine in the form of tablets, rectal suppositories or injections.
• β-blockers. They are used to reduce the tone of the uterus after 24 weeks. In the early stages, they are ineffective due to the lack of appropriate receptors.

Surgical treatment

In most patients, cysts up to 10 cm in diameter accidentally discovered in the 1st trimester are luteal and regress independently after the final formation of the placenta. For other tumors, surgery is indicated. If the ovarian cyst at the beginning of pregnancy proceeds without complications, the intervention is refrained until 16 weeks of gestation. With elevated tumor markers, surgical treatment is carried out as early as possible.

Laparoscopic access is used, which reduces the risk of complications and shortens the rehabilitation period. When carrying out the operation at a later date, a laparotomy is performed. The volume of intervention is determined intraoperatively based on the results of an urgent histological examination, varies from cyst removal to ovarian resection. In severe cases, an oophorectomy is performed, which does not affect the bearing of the fetus.

Prognosis and prevention

The prognosis of ovarian cysts during pregnancy is usually favorable. Timely removal of the neoplasm allows you to bear the child and give birth on time. The reproductive function does not suffer, there are no contraindications for subsequent pregnancies. In order not to increase the risk of complications during the gestation period, cystic formations must be treated at the conception planning stage.

Specific prevention of the disease has not been developed. Unprotected sex should be abandoned, timely treatment of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs should be carried out, and abortions should be avoided. Patients who do not plan pregnancy and do not have contraindications to hormonal therapy are recommended to use oral contraceptives to prevent hyperplastic processes of the reproductive organs.

You can share your medical history, what helped you in the treatment of ovarian cysts during pregnancy.

Sources

1. Obstetrics. National leadership / ed. Ailamazyan E.K., Kulakov V.I., Radzinsky V.E., Savelieva G.M. – 2009.
2. Ovarian tumors in pregnant women / Bakhidze E.V. / / Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases – 2011 – T. LX, No. 3.
3. Tumors and tumor-like formations of the ovaries. Guidelines for doctors / Belskikh O.L., Kuzmenko G.Yu., Klyuchnikova T.N., Kozlova N.F. – 2017.
4. This article was prepared based on the site materials: https://www.krasotaimedicina.ru/

IMPORTANT
The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.

Ovarian cyst: is pregnancy possible? Diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cysts

Tumors and tumor-like formations of the ovaries are a common diagnosis in the practice of an obstetrician-gynecologist. Depending on their type of such formations, there are various types of therapy. However, everything is not so simple when such a pathology occurs during gestation.

This article is not to be used for diagnosis, treatment, and is not a substitute for a doctor’s appointment.

What is an ovarian cyst

An ovarian cyst is a formation that is a cavity that is filled with some kind of content. They are called tumor formations. It is also necessary to distinguish between such a variety of neoplasms of the uterine appendages as cystomas. These are true tumors. Both cysts and ovarian cystomas are benign processes.

Causes of a cyst

There are a large number of etiological factors for the occurrence of such neoplasms on the ovaries. Often they are already formed before pregnancy. the influence of the gestation period on the formation of ovarian cysts has not been proven.

Ovarian cysts are caused by:

• Sexually transmitted infections. Acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease can provoke the growth of formations on the ovaries.
• Hormonal disorders. Various hormonal disorders can lead to the formation in most cases of functional ovarian cysts (follicular cysts, corpus luteum cysts) (read more about the treatment of a functional cyst in this material – note altravita-ivf. ru). With the normalization of the hormonal background, small cysts can be eliminated on their own.
• Abortion. Regardless of how the abortion was performed, abortion is a huge stress for the body. This is a hormonal surge against the background of an abruptly interrupted pregnancy. and, of course, such a factor can cause a hormonal imbalance, which causes the formation of ovarian cysts.
• Genetic predisposition. The presence of a history of ovarian cysts in close relatives increases the likelihood of the formation of such a pathological process.
• Prolonged absence of pregnancy and constant work of the ovaries, constant ovulation are a traumatic factor. After all, every month there is growth, maturation and rupture of follicles. Lack of pregnancy and not taking combined oral contraceptives increase the risk of ovarian cysts.

Classification of ovarian cysts

Types of ovarian cysts

Functional cysts

These are pathological processes that are characterized by the accumulation of fluid at the site of the follicles or corpus luteum. These are the so-called follicular cysts and luteal cysts. These are formations that can independently arise and also regress independently. Often the cause of their formation are hormonal disorders.

How are they formed? In the functioning of the normal ovarian-menstrual cycle, the mature follicle ovulates (ruptures) and the oocyte leaves it. If there are any violations of hormonal regulation, then the follicle may not burst. There is an accumulation of fluid with the formation of a follicular cyst. If ovulation did occur, a corpus luteum forms at the site of the burst follicle. Due to pathological influences, exudate begins to collect in it and a corpus luteum cyst is formed.

If a ovarian follicular cyst is diagnosed, treatment may not be required. A yellow ovarian cyst during pregnancy can be observed during ultrasound diagnostics. It needs to be monitored dynamically.

Localization of a functional cyst

Organic cysts

These are neoplasms that are characterized by a more prone structure and consequences for the woman’s body. As a rule, such cysts are not eliminated on their own, and the risk of malignancy is higher than that of cysts.

Organic cysts can be divided into:

• Endometrial cysts. Endometriosis is a pathological condition that is characterized by ectopia (wrong arrangement) of the tissue of the inner lining of the uterus – the endometrium. Normally, its cells can line the mucous membrane of a woman’s reproductive organ. With the development of endometriosis, such heterotopias can be located on the ovary, peritoneum, on the cervix and in other places. Such foci behave in exactly the same way as the endometrium, bleeding and shedding during menstruation. These foci function under the influence of the hormonal background and the phase of the cycle in the same way as the endometrium of the uterus. Inside such endometrioid cysts contains “chocolate” contents. Is such a combination as an endometrioid ovarian cyst and pregnancy possible? Quite often, endometriosis of any localization is the cause of infertility. In the presence of such a pathology, surgical treatment is necessary in the presence of large cysts, followed by hormonal therapy. However, cases of bearing a child with such a neoplasm are not rare.
• Dermoid cyst. This pathological condition has an embryonic etiology. This means that in such a cyst, elements such as hair, teeth, and fat that are incorrectly laid down at the embryonic stage can be located. Such neoplasms can interfere with the onset of pregnancy. If present, the best tactic is to eliminate them, followed by pregnancy planning.
• Paraovarian cyst. This pathological formation, which is located paraovarially, has serous contents in its composition. Rarely malignant.
• Mucinous, papillary and serous ovarian cysts may occur, treatment should be started immediately, since the risk of malignancy of such formations is quite high.
• Cystomas are true tumors.

Cyst symptoms during pregnancy

Clinical symptoms of ovarian cysts can be different. Starting from the complete absence of manifestations, ending with the symptoms of an “acute abdomen”. Quite often, a woman may be unaware of the presence of such neoplasms of the uterine appendages for months.

And during pregnancy, a woman can feel a whole “bouquet” of new sensations, so it is very difficult for her to differentiate clinical symptoms. An ovarian cyst during pregnancy in the early stages may not manifest itself in any way. Pain in the lower abdomen. Pain syndrome can be different in intensity. The pain may be local more on one side (a cyst on the right ovary during pregnancy will give pain in the lower abdomen on the right, and a cyst of the left ovary during pregnancy on the left), or there may be diffuse pain in the lower abdomen. It is necessary to differentiate the pains, as they can be “given” by the threat of abortion. A characteristic symptom that may indicate the presence of a neoplasm on the ovary is pain, which changes with a change in body position.

If a cyst was diagnosed in the early stages of pregnancy and a woman has acute pain in the lower abdomen, then it is worth suggesting the development of complications of an ovarian cyst – torsion of her legs and malnutrition.

During the birth process, cysts of considerable size may be at an increased risk of developing a condition such as ruptured cysts.

Diagnostics

An ovarian cyst during pregnancy can be detected in several ways:

• Gynecological examination. When placing an account or when complaints appear, the doctor, when examined on a chair, can palpate enlarged appendages and make an appropriate preliminary diagnosis.
• The most accurate method for diagnosing ovarian cysts is ultrasound. Using this method, you can get information about its location, size.
• Color Doppler mapping. The study of the cyst’s blood flow makes it possible to judge indirectly about its nature, about the probable risks of its malignancy or benignity.
• Blood test for tumor markers (CA-125).

Cyst treatment

If an ovarian cyst is detected during pregnancy for the first time, then doctors conduct dynamic monitoring of it. If necessary, progesterone preparations may be prescribed. Functional ovarian cyst: treatment. Most cysts up to 10 cm in diameter are luteal (ovarian corpus luteum cyst), pregnancy progresses, and cysts often regress on their own.

If other types of ovarian cysts are diagnosed, then surgical tactics are suggested. If the indicator of tumor markers is within the normal range, then the terms of surgical intervention are set after 16 weeks of gestation. Otherwise, such neoplasms are removed as soon as possible.

Access can be either laparoscopic (using a camera and instruments inserted through small incisions) or laparotomy (an incision in the anterior abdominal wall). The removed material is necessarily sent for histological examination.

Danger and consequences of ovarian cysts during pregnancy

• Ovarian cyst torsion;
• Cyst malnutrition;
• Ruptured ovarian cyst with bleeding.
• Malignancy (malignancy) of the cyst.