Can a yeast infection spread to other body parts. What are the main symptoms of a yeast infection. How to effectively treat and prevent yeast infections. What are the risk factors for developing recurrent yeast infections.

Understanding Yeast Infections: Causes and Risk Factors

Yeast infections, most commonly caused by Candida albicans, occur when there’s an overgrowth of this naturally occurring fungus. While yeast typically lives harmlessly on the skin and in mucous membranes, certain conditions can lead to its rapid proliferation.

Common risk factors include:

• Prolonged antibiotic use
• Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menstruation)
• Weakened immune system
• Diabetes
• Warm, moist environments
• Tight-fitting clothing

Can yeast infections spread to other body parts? While yeast infections most commonly affect the vaginal area in women, they can indeed spread to other regions of the body. This includes the skin, mouth, and even the bloodstream in severe cases.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Yeast Infection

Identifying a yeast infection early is crucial for prompt treatment. The symptoms can vary depending on the affected area, but some common signs include:

• Intense itching and irritation
• Redness and swelling
• Burning sensation, especially during urination or intercourse
• Thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge (in vaginal infections)
• Rash or skin changes
• Soreness and discomfort

Do all yeast infections present with the same symptoms? While there are common symptoms, the presentation can vary based on the infection’s location and severity. For instance, oral thrush may cause white patches in the mouth, while skin yeast infections often lead to red, itchy rashes.

Yeast Infections Beyond the Vaginal Area: Skin and Systemic Infections

While vaginal yeast infections are most common, it’s important to recognize that yeast can overgrow in other areas of the body. Skin yeast infections, also known as cutaneous candidiasis, can occur in warm, moist areas such as under the breasts, in skin folds, and between fingers and toes.

Symptoms of skin yeast infections include:

• Red, itchy rash
• Scaling or flaking skin
• Moist, raw skin
• Small pustules
• Burning or soreness

In rare cases, yeast infections can become systemic, affecting internal organs. This is more common in individuals with severely compromised immune systems. Systemic yeast infections require immediate medical attention and can be life-threatening if left untreated.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Yeast Infections

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of yeast infections. Healthcare providers typically diagnose yeast infections through a combination of symptom assessment, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.

How are yeast infections diagnosed? Methods may include:

• Visual examination of the affected area
• Microscopic examination of discharge or skin scrapings
• Fungal culture
• pH testing of vaginal discharge

Once diagnosed, treatment options vary based on the infection’s location and severity:

1. Topical antifungal creams, ointments, or suppositories
2. Oral antifungal medications (e.g., fluconazole)
3. Boric acid suppositories for recurrent vaginal infections
4. Probiotics to restore balance of good bacteria

Is over-the-counter treatment effective for all yeast infections? While many mild cases can be treated with OTC products, persistent or recurrent infections should be evaluated by a healthcare provider, as they may indicate an underlying condition or require prescription-strength medication.

Preventing Yeast Infections: Lifestyle and Hygiene Practices

Prevention is key in managing yeast infections. Implementing certain lifestyle changes and hygiene practices can significantly reduce the risk of developing these troublesome infections.

Effective prevention strategies include:

• Wearing breathable, cotton underwear
• Avoiding tight-fitting clothing
• Changing out of wet or sweaty clothes promptly
• Maintaining good hygiene, but avoiding excessive washing
• Using gentle, unscented soaps and avoiding douches
• Managing underlying conditions like diabetes
• Eating a balanced diet low in sugar and refined carbohydrates
• Taking probiotics to support a healthy balance of microorganisms

How effective are these preventive measures? While no method is 100% foolproof, consistently practicing these habits can significantly reduce the frequency of yeast infections, especially in individuals prone to recurrent episodes.

Recurrent Yeast Infections: Causes and Management

For some individuals, yeast infections can become a recurring problem. Defined as four or more symptomatic infections within a year, recurrent yeast infections can be frustrating and impact quality of life.

Factors contributing to recurrent infections include:

• Genetic predisposition
• Persistent underlying conditions (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes)
• Frequent antibiotic use
• Hormonal imbalances
• Compromised immune system

Managing recurrent yeast infections often requires a multifaceted approach:

1. Long-term suppressive antifungal therapy
2. Identifying and addressing underlying causes
3. Lifestyle modifications
4. Regular probiotic supplementation
5. Consideration of alternative treatments like boric acid

When should someone seek medical attention for recurring yeast infections? If experiencing frequent infections despite self-care measures, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider. They can help identify any underlying issues and develop a tailored treatment plan.

Yeast Infections in Special Populations: Men, Children, and Immunocompromised Individuals

While yeast infections are often associated with women, they can affect individuals of all ages and genders. Understanding how these infections present in different populations is important for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Yeast Infections in Men

Men can develop yeast infections, particularly on the penis. Symptoms may include:

• Redness and irritation on the penis
• Itching or burning sensation
• Rash
• Discharge under the foreskin

Yeast Infections in Children

Children, especially infants, can develop yeast infections in the mouth (thrush) or diaper area. Signs include:

• White patches in the mouth
• Diaper rash that doesn’t improve with standard treatments
• Persistent diaper rash with raised red bumps

Yeast Infections in Immunocompromised Individuals

People with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for more severe or systemic yeast infections. These can be life-threatening and require prompt medical attention.

How do treatment approaches differ for these special populations? While the basic principles of treatment remain similar, dosages, duration, and specific medications may need to be adjusted. For instance, oral treatments may be preferred over topical ones in certain cases, and longer treatment courses might be necessary.

The Impact of Yeast Infections on Quality of Life and Mental Health

While often viewed as a mere inconvenience, yeast infections can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life, especially when recurrent. The physical discomfort, coupled with the emotional and psychological toll, can be substantial.

Potential impacts include:

• Disruption of daily activities
• Interference with sexual relationships
• Feelings of embarrassment or shame
• Anxiety about recurrence
• Frustration with ongoing symptoms
• Impact on self-esteem and body image

How can individuals cope with the psychological impact of recurrent yeast infections? Strategies may include:

1. Seeking support from healthcare providers or counselors
2. Joining support groups or online communities
3. Practicing stress-reduction techniques
4. Educating oneself about the condition
5. Open communication with partners about the condition

It’s important to recognize that yeast infections are a common health issue and nothing to be ashamed of. Seeking proper treatment and support can greatly improve both physical symptoms and emotional well-being.

Understanding yeast infections, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for effective management and prevention. By recognizing early signs, seeking prompt treatment, and implementing preventive measures, individuals can minimize the impact of these infections on their lives. Remember, persistent or recurrent symptoms should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Symptoms of vulval cancer | Cancer Research UK

You may have some symptoms of vulval cancer. But not everyone diagnosed with vulval cancer will have symptoms.

Symptoms of vulval cancer can be vague, particularly at an early stage. 

You should see your GP if you have an open sore in the vulva or any of the other symptoms mentioned here. Although your symptoms may not be cancer, it’s important to get them checked by a doctor.
Your GP can examine you and refer you for tests or see a specialist if needed.

Symptoms of vulval cancer include:

• an open sore or growth visible on the skin
• a persistent itch
• bleeding
• pain or soreness
• thickened, raised, red, white or dark patches on the skin
• a mole that changes shape or colour
• a lump or swelling in the groin
• burning pain when you pass urine

Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

VIN is a skin condition of the vulva. It is not vulval cancer but could turn into cancer. 

Symptoms of VIN can be similar to the symptoms of vulval cancer. It includes itching and changes to the vulval skin. It’s important to see your GP if you have any of these symptoms.

Vaginal thrush

Thrush is a common yeast infection that can affect different parts of the body including the vagina. Symptoms of vaginal thrush can be similar to symptoms of vulval cancer. These include: 

• itching and soreness
• white discharge
• pain when passing urine or having sex

Treatment for thrush is usually a tablet or a cream such as Canesten.

If you keep getting thrush, it’s worth seeing your GP or visiting a sexual health clinic. Don’t keep treating yourself with over the counter creams. Your GP can check whether something else is causing your symptoms. 

Checking for changes in the vulva

Some doctors recommend that you look at your vulva regularly to look for any changes. They call this self examination. Checks like this might help you to pick up vulval conditions and cancer at an early stage. These can then be treated if needed.

How do I check?

You can do a self examination between periods.

You need to examine the whole area from the pubic mound (mons pubis) to the anal opening. This includes the:

• inner and outer lips
• clitoris
• vaginal opening

There are different ways you can do this:

• sit comfortably on a bed or mat, spread your legs and hold a mirror so that you can see your vulva. Use the other hand to separate the outer lips
• put a magnifying make up mirror on a closed toilet seat. Stand over the toilet with a leg on either side of the toilet. Use both hands to separate the outer lips

What to look out for

Look over each area for anything that seems abnormal for you. Then feel each area for lumps under the surface, which you might not be able to see.

Some of the things to check for include:

• lumps, nodules, bumps, warts or sores (ulcers)
• changes in skin colour – areas that are red, irritated, white or darkly coloured

Get any changes checked by your GP, or at a sexual health clinic. The earlier vulval problems are found, the easier they are to treat.

• British Gynaecological Cancer Society (BGCS) vulval cancer guidelines: recommendations for practice
  British Gynaecological Cancer Society, 2020

• Relationship between vulvar symptoms and incidence of vulvar cancer in women referred to a rapid access clinic
  A Wiggans and others
  International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, 2019. Vol 145, Issue 3. Pages 283-286

• Cancer of the vulva: 2021 update (FIGO cancer report 2021)
  A Olawaiye, M Cuello and L Rogers
  International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, 2021. Vol 155, Issue S1, Pages 7-18

• Suspected cancer: recognition and referral
  National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2015. Last updated 2021

• Scottish referral guidelines for suspected cancer
  Healthcare Improvement Scotland, 2019. 

Last reviewed: 

09 Nov 2022

Next review due: 

09 Nov 2025

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Yeast Dermatitis in Dogs | VCA Animal Hospital

What is yeast dermatitis?

Yeast dermatitis or Malassezia dermatitis is caused by the fungus Malassezia pachydermatis. It is an extremely common cause of skin disease in dogs. This yeast is normally found on the skin, but its abnormal overgrowth can cause dermatitis, or inflammation of the skin.

What are the clinical signs of a yeast skin infection?

The most common clinical signs of yeast dermatitis are:

• itching and redness
• musty odor
• scales and crusty, flaky skin
• thickened skin (‘elephant skin’)
• hyperpigmentation (darkly pigmented skin)
• chronic or recurrent otitis externa or ear infectionsdos 

How does a dog get a yeast skin infection?

The skin is host to innumerable bacteria and fungi. Under normal circumstances, these organisms do not cause a problem and are kept under control by the immune system. If conditions on the skin change or if the immune system is suppressed, these bacteria and fungi can cause infection. These types of infections are termed opportunistic infections. If the number of yeast organisms on the skin increase, a yeast skin infection results.

A common cause of a yeast skin infection is an increase in the amount of oils produced on the skin. This is most frequently associated with allergic skin disease. Another common cause of excess skin oils is seborrhea oleosa (see handout “Seborrhea in Dogs” for information on this condition).

“Yeast dermatitis is not contagious; your dog did not get this infection from another dog.”

Some dogs have an immune deficiency making them ineffective at fighting yeast infections resulting in chronic infection. Dogs that receive immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids (steroids) may also be unable to effectively prevent yeast infections, so may develop a chronic yeast infection.

Yeast dermatitis is not contagious; your dog did not get this infection from another dog. Opportunistic yeast infections often recur unless the underlying allergy or skin condition is controlled.

There are certain breeds thought to be genetically predisposed to developing yeast infections. These breeds include West Highland White Terrier, Basset Hound, Cocker Spaniel, Silky Terrier, Australian Terrier, Maltese Terrier, Chihuahua, Poodle, Shetland Sheepdog, Lhasa Apso, and Dachshund.

Some dogs develop a hypersensitivity to yeast, becoming allergic to an organism they are exposed to all the time. Those dogs have an intense, inflammatory reaction but only a few yeast present on their skin. They will often have frequent recurrences of yeast dermatitis, some starting shortly after treatment is discontinued.

How is yeast dermatitis diagnosed?

There are several techniques used to collect samples for diagnosing yeast dermatitis:

• Skin scraping – scraping the skin with a dull blade to collect yeast organisms
• Impression smear – pressing a microscope slide on the skin to collect yeast organisms.
• Cotton swab sample – rubbing a moistened swab on the skin to collect yeast organisms.
• Acetate tape preparations – applying a piece of clear tape to the skin to collect yeast organisms.
• Skin biopsy – obtaining a small piece of skin with a biopsy punch. This is the most invasive diagnostic test, but provides the most complete diagnostic information. This is sent to a veterinary pathologist for examination

Most samples can be examined in-clinic under a microscope by a veterinarian or veterinary technician.

If yeast hypersensitivity is suspected, your veterinarian or dermatologist may recommend running blood and/or skin tests to confirm this diagnosis.

How is yeast dermatitis treated?

Treatment for yeast dermatitis may be topical, oral, or a combination of both, and is based on the severity of your dog’s condition.

Topical treatment. Treatment with medicated shampoos is a vital part of treating yeast dermatitis. Many dogs with greasy or oily skin will require an initial ‘degreasing’ cleansing with a shampoo containing selenium sulfide or benzoyl peroxide. After the initial bathing is complete, bathing with an anti-fungal shampoo containing chlorhexidine, miconazole, or ketoconazole is performed. It is important the anti-fungal shampoo remain in contact with the skin for at least ten minutes. To be effective, this topical treatment is required every 3-5 days for two to twelve weeks. If the infection is in the ears or in only one or two spots on the skin, a topical ointment may be prescribed for daily use.

Oral treatment. In more severe, chronic, or persistent cases of yeast dermatitis, the use of oral or systemic anti-fungal medications is often required. Many dogs with yeast dermatitis will also have a bacterial skin infection (pyoderma) and will require antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection for typically four to twelve weeks. Oral anti-fungal medications include ketoconazole, terbinafine,  itraconazole, and fluconazole.

Although these medications are highly effective, they must be given for prolonged periods of time (often several months). Because these drugs have potential side effects, particularly involving the liver, close monitoring with routine blood tests is necessary. If the dog has a relapse of the fungal infection after an initial successful treatment, a higher dose of the antifungal medication will usually be required. Most dogs with advanced or chronic yeast dermatitis are treated with a combination of oral and topical treatment.

Affected dogs may also need medications such as corticosteroids (prednisone), cyclosporine (Atopica), Apoquel, Cytopoint) to relieve inflammation and itch while the anti-fungal therapy is taking effect.

“Most dogs with advanced or chronic yeast dermatitis are treated with a combination of oral and topical treatment.”

Dogs with yeast hypersensitivity will often have better control of their disease by using immunotherapy. This is used to try to reprogram the dog’s immune system so it does not overreact to this naturally occurring yeast. The treatment may be given by injection under the skin or by oral administration.

What is the prognosis for yeast dermatitis?

The prognosis for yeast dermatitis is generally good. While the condition usually requires long-term treatment, the majority of cases respond favorably and the itching is reduced within a week of beginning therapy.

In cases with underlying allergies or immune compromise, the prognosis is based on the ability to control those conditions. It is not uncommon for dogs with severe skin allergies to have recurrent secondary yeast or bacterial skin infections, sometimes two or three times a year. Your veterinarian will discuss a diagnostic and treatment plan for your dog to help you manage this condition.

Treatment of fungus according to Ayurveda. Basic recommendations, causes of fungal infection in Ayurveda | Atreya-ayurveda.ru

Treatment of diseases according to Ayurveda

08.02.21

The skin is the largest human organ that protects the body from external influences, is involved in thermoregulation, metabolic processes and respiration. It interacts with the environment and plays an important role in protecting the body from pathogens and other external factors. Skin diseases are very common these days. Fungal skin lesions occur in 15% of the world’s population in all age groups. Atreya Ayurveda clinic specialists follow traditional and proven methods of treating fungal diseases.

All skin diseases in Ayurveda are called kushtha, which is subdivided into mahakustha and kasudrakustha. Patients with skin diseases experience physical, emotional, and socioeconomic problems. As a rule, these are insecure and emotionally sensitive people. In chronic fungal infections, toxins circulate in all organs. Approximately 10-15% of general practitioners work with skin diseases. One of the most common fungal diseases is candidiasis.

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is an infection caused by a species of Candida (most commonly C. albicans). This is a common skin condition that is completely treatable with proven Ayurvedic treatments. Candida belongs to the genus of yeast that causes fungal infections. This type of fungus is commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes such as the vagina, mouth, and rectum. At a later stage, candida can spread hematogenously and affect the nasopharynx, intestines, and heart valves. Candida infection usually occurs in warm, moist areas of the body, such as the armpits and, in infants, the mouth and groin. Vaginal yeast infection, the most common form of vaginitis, is often referred to as vaginal candidiasis. In adults, the fungal infection occurs around dentures, the nail bed, skin folds under the breasts, and the lower abdomen. Most of these candidal infections are superficial and easily treated. Yeast infections can also be a sign of serious medical conditions such as leukemia, diabetes, or AIDS.

Causes of candidiasis

– In most cases, candidal infections of the mouth, skin and vagina occur without any reason.

– Misuse of antibiotics, which destroy beneficial microorganisms in the body and allow yeast infections to multiply in their place.

– A diet high in sugar suppresses the immune system and promotes candidiasis.

– Chronic stress that suppresses the immune system and raises blood sugar causes candidiasis.

– Candida albicans infection of the mouth most often develops in people with diseases such as cancer and AIDS.

– Wrong diet.

– Hormonal imbalance.

Candida infection symptoms

– Respiratory system: rhinitis, sneezing, ulceration of the mucous membranes, sore throat, sinus congestion, burning tongue, white spots on the tongue and mouth.

– Central Nervous System: Mood swings, depression, memory loss, poor concentration, restlessness, irritability, panic, feeling “slowed down”, hyperactivity and attention disturbances.

– Skin: acne, mycosis, eczema, psoriasis and general itching.

– Genitourinary system: rectal itching, impotence, prostatitis, vaginitis, kidney and bladder infections, frequent urination.

— Menstrual disorders: irregular menstruation, infertility and endometriosis.

– Gastrointestinal tract: constipation, diarrhea, colitis, abdominal pain, persistent heartburn, intestinal gas, bloating, nausea, irritable bowel syndrome and bad breath.

– Other systemic symptoms: headaches, eye disorders, muscle pain and weakness, joint pain and stiffness, night sweats, chronic fatigue, food allergies, perfume and chemical sensitivity, arthritis, fibromyalgia, hypothyroidism, adrenal disease and endocarditis .

The key rule of Ayurveda is to diagnose and understand the root cause of the disease before proceeding to the treatment phase. Atreya Ayurveda clinic specialists follow traditional and proven methods of treating fungal diseases. According to Ayurveda, fungal disease is caused by a deficiency of Ojas, which gives energy, vitality, boosts immunity and takes care of the well-being of our body.

Causes of fungal infections

One of the main causes of fungal infections is indigestion, which causes the accumulation of toxins (Ama), which is the main cause of any disease. The accumulated toxins weaken the Vata dosha in the body and thus cause infections. Fungal infection can be acute or chronic. An unbalanced diet, poor hygiene, frequent use of antibiotics, low levels of ojas, disturbances in the digestive system, and an unhealthy lifestyle can lead to the development of fungal infections.

Ayurvedic treatment is aimed at removing toxins from the body and restoring immunity. A strong and balanced Agni promotes normal digestion. This is achieved through an anti-candida diet and the use of herbs and spices to awaken the digestive fire. Herbal medicines are individually selected by our specialists for each patient. Strengthening ojas helps to strengthen the immune system. It can be replenished through a healthy and balanced diet and breathing exercises known as pranayama.

Antifungals

After Agni and Ojas are restored, various natural antifungals can be used to reduce the growth of candida.

Antifungals:

– Olive leaf extract containing oleuropein, effective against Candida;

– caprylic acid is very effective against intestinal Candida;

– bee propolis;

– clove oil and oregano oil;

– grapefruit seed extract;

– olive oil.

Detoxification

Killing Candida albicans releases a large amount of toxic chemicals that can cause extremely unpleasant symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to detoxify to get rid of these chemicals. Ayurveda recommends performing Panchakarma after starting an anti-candida diet, increasing ojas and antifungal therapy. Commonly used are: bala, ashwagandha, brahmi and gudduchi, vidanga, neem, pomegranate and tulsi.

Lifestyle advice for fungal infections

— Avoid stress, as physical and mental stress aggravates candidiasis.

– Good sleep and rest helps eliminate Candida.

– Regular exercise and yoga are essential for relaxation and stress relief. It also helps in building a healthy immune system.

– Avoid allergens and foods that weaken the immune system.

How to detect and treat mycosis: useful information

Mycosis is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic fungi. The disease can affect smooth skin, epidermis of the scalp and nail plates. The sooner the pathology is diagnosed, the greater the chances of a full recovery.

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

Classification of mycoses

There are 2 main groups of mycoses: superficial and deep.

Superficial occur most often on hairless and hairy skin, nails and mucous membranes.

These include:

• thrush;
• skin lesions;
• scalp lesions;
• athlete’s foot;
• onychomycosis;
• penis lesion.

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

With a deep form, various organs and systems of the body suffer.

Types of skin mycoses based on the transfer of fungal spores:

• anthropophilic diseases – the source of infection is a person;
• zoophilic pathologies – the source of infection is an animal.

The following types of mycosis are distinguished by localization:

• Scalp.
  A characteristic feature is mild inflammation of the skin and a concomitant increase in hair brittleness. Another type is hairless patches that resemble alopecia areata. This is a chronic infection, but after the treatment is completed, the hair grows back and there is no scarring on the scalp.
• Smooth leather.
  Infection occurs through contact with an infected person or animal. Most often occurs in children.
• Crotch.
  Occurs on the skin of the groin (in men without involvement of the scrotum). Often accompanied by severe itching. Diseases such as obesity and diabetes, as well as wearing tight-fitting clothing, provoke this form of the disease.
• Mycosis of the foot.
  Leads to the formation of the so-called “athlete’s foot”. It usually develops in summer and under favorable conditions (dampness). Symptoms appear in the interdigital spaces. People who work in damp and warm environments and wear rubber shoes are also more likely to develop this fungal infection.
• Onychomycosis.
  Affects the nails of the hands and feet. Infection can be caused by pressure, such as tight shoes, as well as immune and hormonal disorders, among which is hypothyroidism.

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

Etiology of the disease

Many factors of different nature contribute to the occurrence of fungal infections. A warm, humid climate favors the development of the disease, so infection is easy, especially in summer. One person diagnosed with a fungal infection can infect an entire family. Pathology is a fairly common problem. According to expert estimates, 15-30% of the total population suffer from fungal diseases. At the same time, in some professional communities (for example, miners, athletes), this figure reaches 70%.

The causes of mycosis lie in the contact of the skin of a healthy person with a pathogen from a fungal environment. Not every contact with spores of a pathogenic fungus is tantamount to infection. A healthy person is equipped with many mechanisms to protect themselves from infections or fight them effectively. However, a small imbalance in the body is enough, and these mechanisms begin to fail.

These include:

• skin and nail injuries;
• maceration (softening) of the epidermis;
• hormonal disorders;
• peripheral circulatory disorder;
• iron and zinc deficiency;
• beriberi;
• obesity;
• malnutrition;
• taking antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and cytostatics;
• chronic metabolic diseases: diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism;
• immunodeficiencies eg due to HIV and oncology, or associated with pregnancy and old age;
• wearing clothes and shoes made of windproof materials.

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

Hygienic negligence is also a very important factor predisposing to the development of the disease. Fungal diseases can manifest themselves in the case of general exhaustion of the body or orthopedic foot defects that cause contracture of the toes.

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

Ways of infection with mycosis

The causative agents of mycosis, in the first place, include microscopic scales that exfoliate from the skin of an infected person. They remain on the floor, on the carpet or hide among the piles of towels. They can be found in pools and showers. Pathogens are there in readiness, waiting for the opportunity to transfer to the skin of a healthy person.

Among the ways of infection are:

• frequent visits to hotels and hostels;
• sharing towels and combs;
• wearing someone else’s shoes, eg skates, ski boots;
• trying on new shoes in a shop that were previously worn without socks;
• a visit to a hairdresser or beautician who did not properly sanitize their instruments;
• use of shared bathrooms: shower, toilet.

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

Pathogenesis

Signs of mycosis are caused by the destructive action of a pathogenic fungus in human skin. The activity of the pathogen is always individual and depends on a number of factors, including the strength of immunity, the degree of skin damage, and the presence of provoking diseases. After entering a favorable environment, the fungus begins to actively multiply in the epidermis. The duration of the incubation period depends on the specific type of pathogen, its virulence and localization of the process.

In the skin space, the fungus germinates, forming branching formations of mycelium. They affect new areas of the epidermis. In the foci of infection, exfoliation of the affected skin occurs. Usually the chronic form of the disease is characterized by a weak protective reaction of the body, so the treatment takes a long time.

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

Clinical manifestations of mycosis

Symptoms of the disease depend on the site of the lesion:

• In the case of mycosis of smooth skin, a round or oval erythematous spot is first observed, often accompanied by vesicles, which eventually turn into scabs. In addition, skin lesions are accompanied by itching, which significantly impairs the quality of life.
• In the pathology of the hands and feet, the affected skin becomes red, papular rashes and vesicles begin to appear on it. Most often, signs appear on the lateral surfaces of the hands, fingers, soles of the feet and interdigital spaces. There is persistent itching.
• With onychomycosis, numerous grooves can be observed on the nails, the nails easily and quickly crumble and lose their pink color.
• In the case of inguinal lesions, the symptoms of mycosis are characterized by the appearance of red-brown spots. The process can spread to the inner thighs and buttocks. Papular rashes and itching of the skin are also often present.
• In diseases of the scalp, gray-yellow crusts appear, ingrown into the skin. Hair becomes dry, coarse, dull and brittle.

A deep lesion captures internal organs and systems. In the symptoms of mycosis in this case, the clinical picture is characterized by a violation of the functions of a particular organ. With a fungal disease of the gastrointestinal tract, there are frequent pains in the abdomen, spasmodic in nature. Frequent bowel movements and diarrhea are typical. With regard to lung lesions, there is a cough, sometimes shortness of breath, fever. Patients experience chest pain and cough up a thick discharge.

If fungi enter the bloodstream, symptoms of sepsis may develop. The patient’s condition is rapidly deteriorating. The patient requires immediate hospitalization.

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

Features of the course of the disease during pregnancy

The manifestation of mycosis during pregnancy may threaten infection of the fetus during labor. At the same time, pathology is difficult to treat due to the inability to use the entire arsenal of means during the period of bearing a child. The appearance of the first signs of the disease should motivate a woman to visit a dermatologist. After consultation with a gynecologist, the specialist will select an individual treatment for a particular case. Strict adherence to the doctor’s instructions ensures that the negative effects of the fungus are leveled.

Many drugs should not be used during pregnancy. Skin itching is relieved by antihistamines. Local treatment is widely used, which consists in the use of lotions with potassium permanganate and iodine. It is necessary to take vitamin B. To calm the nervous system, preparations based on medicinal herbs are prescribed. If the pathology is detected on the genitals, the gynecologist may decide to perform a caesarean section. In nutrition, you should follow a certain diet. Fried, salty and spicy foods should be avoided. Prioritize fruits and foods high in protein.

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

Features of mycosis in children

What is mycosis in childhood? This is a fungal pathology that spreads in children with reduced immunity or undergoing long-term antibiotic therapy for various reasons. Newborns can also develop systemic mycoses.

A child can get the pathogen from a sick peer, animal, or contaminated material (eg, soil). A pediatric dermatologist makes a diagnosis after examining the patient, based on an anamnesis and a study of mycotic culture. The purpose of mycological examination is to detect and identify the fungus in the material taken from the patient.

Antifungal therapy in a child should be aimed not only at the destruction of the fungus, but also at strengthening the damaged immune barrier. Therefore, a consultation with a pediatric immunologist must be obtained. At the same time, antifungal treatment lasts many months and requires combined regimens.

Parents may be tempted to use only topical antifungals. However, in any case, it should be assumed that this is a systemic process in a child. Even minor deviations from treatment threaten with serious complications. It should be emphasized that any penetration of a pathogenic fungus into a child’s body, especially a premature one, can be fatal.

The prognosis depends on the stage of the disease and the degree of damage to internal organs. Full recovery can take up to 1 year.

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

Complications

The risk of complications is observed in patients with significantly reduced immunity. In this case, the infection can spread throughout the body, leading to brain or heart disease.

The consequences of mycosis include:

• Meningitis
• Jade
• Erysipelas
• Appearance of abscesses
• Endocarditis
• Heart failure
• Lymphostasis (lymph edema)
• Graft rejection

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

Patients also sometimes neglect onychomycosis.

If left untreated, it can lead to the following complications:

• irreversible loss of nails;
• development of bacterial infection of the skin;
• the spread of the infection to other parts of the body and sometimes even into the bloodstream.

Complications of onychomycosis are also dangerous for diabetics who may require amputation.

Vidkriti
Zgornuti

Diagnosis of mycosis

In case of any suspicion of a fungal disease, you should immediately consult a dermatologist, who should carefully study the medical history and evaluate skin changes. This pathology can mimic many other diseases, so the diagnosis of fungal infections is based on additional studies.

Depending on the location of the lesion, the following tests are performed:

• scraping from a nail or its fragment;
• smear of mucosal changes;
• skin scrapings – both from the periphery of the lesion and from its central part;
• examination of the hair together with the hair follicle;
• Examination of body fluids such as sputum, urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue from an organ in a biopsy.

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Test result waiting time from 2 days to 3 weeks. Serum is often analyzed for the presence of antifungal antibodies. If systemic infections are suspected, imaging tests are also performed. When diagnosing fungal diseases, you may need an ultrasound of the skin or an x-ray of the internal organs.

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Treatment of mycosis

Only a dermatologist should treat the disease. Independent methods often end in relapse. In the case of external mycosis, local treatment is usually applied first, which consists in lubricating the infected area with a medicine in the form of a cream or ointment.

If the pathology persists, oral treatment of fungal infections is necessary: ​​

• antimycotic preparations, including antibiotics and corticosteroids, are used in violation of the integrity of the epidermis and mucous membrane;
• anti-pruritic preparations;
• moisturizers – are prescribed to restore the skin.

In the treatment of fungal diseases, phototherapy has proven itself well, which serves to stimulate the immune system and prevent the growth of the fungus. In advanced situations, surgery may occur. In this case, the affected nail plates or the dead layer of the epidermis are removed.

It should be noted that in the case of some types of disease, therapy can last as much as 1 day (vaginal candidiasis) or 6 months (onychomycosis).

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Control of cure

Patience is required during the treatment of onychomycosis. Treatment can last from several weeks to several months. An infection is considered cured when a new, infection-free nail grows.

Mycosis often recurs, so after infection it is also important to follow the rules for caring for hands and feet, which are aimed at preventing re-infection.

The result of treatment depends largely on the cooperation of the patient with the doctor. Regular examinations, diagnostic examinations, continuous treatment and adherence to a preventive regimen are important conditions for a successful recovery.

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Disease prevention

Mycosis prevention is always better than cure. To prevent fungal infections, the basic principles of prevention must be followed. Avoid places of high humidity and do not create favorable conditions for fungal spores on the skin.

Basic rules:

• use only your own towel and personal hygiene products: sponge, nail clippers;
• in swimming pools, baths, saunas, sanatoriums you can not walk barefoot, always wear your slippers;
• do not lend other people’s shoes, eg skates, ski boots;
• wear underwear and socks made from natural materials;
• choose comfortable shoes made from natural materials;
• thoroughly wash the feet and skin folds (armpits, groin), thoroughly dry the body in these places;
• you can not stroke homeless animals: cats, dogs.

For long-term antibiotic therapy, probiotics available over the counter should be used.

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Tips and tricks

Mycosis is characterized by recurrence, so during treatment and after the symptoms disappear, especially important recommendations should be followed:

• Avoid contact of the infected focus with healthy parts of the body. Do not scratch itchy areas, as this increases the risk of spreading the fungus on the nails or skin to other parts of the body.
• Do not use personal items such as underwear, towels or combs that have been in direct contact with infected skin areas.

One of the most common mistakes is to put on clothes and shoes that were worn during illness without disinfecting them. The result of such actions is re-infection.

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Question-Answer

Mycosis of the nails why does it take so long to heal?

Nail fungus, or onychomycosis, is an infection of the nail plate. Most often, nail fungus is caused by mold or yeast pathogenic fungi. Mycosis of the nails develops against the background of a weakened immune system, with prolonged use of antibiotics, the presence of chronic infectious diseases, etc. The treatment is prescribed by a dermatologist, taking into account all the factors that contribute to the development of mycosis of the nails. It is quite difficult to get rid of the disease, the duration of treatment is on average from 2 to 4 months and includes a complex of therapeutic measures. In some cases, when a running nail fungus is observed, surgical intervention and removal of the nail plate are required.

How to treat mycosis of the inguinal folds?

Athlete’s groin, or mycosis of the inguinal folds, is a fungal infection of the skin in the groin. Treatment of inguinal mycosis includes: the appointment of antimycotics, antihistamines and sedatives, symptomatic therapy and physiotherapy.

How long do people live with mycosis fungoides?

Mycosis fungoides is a hematological disease, a malignant lesion of the skin and internal organs, a type of T-cell lymphoma, in which T-lymphocytes degenerate into cancer cells. Hematologists note an unfavorable prognosis of the disease. Life expectancy depends on many factors (the form and severity of the disease, the age of the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases, etc. ) and ranges from 2 to 12 years.

Mycosis on the head how to treat?

Mycosis of the head is a fungal disease that requires complex treatment. At the consultation, the trichologist finds out the causes of mycosis of the scalp, factors contributing to the development of the disease, the degree of damage, conducts the necessary diagnostics and only then prescribes treatment. Treatment of mycoses involves the appointment of immunomodulators, antifungal and keratolytic drugs, the use of special shampoos and ointments, diet therapy, cryomassage, psychotherapy, etc.

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The article is for informational purposes only. Please remember: self-medication can harm your health.

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Sources

• Clinical protocols based on evidence-based medicine
• Medscape

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Ph.D.

Expert in the direction:

Efimova Victoria Olegovna

Dermatovenereologist, pediatric dermatovenereologist, dermatologist, trichologist

Which doctor treats fungal diseases?

In the MEDICOM clinic you are guaranteed to receive effective treatment of fungal diseases at a professional level. The help of a dermatologist and a consultation with a trichologist will provide an integrated approach to the treatment of mycosis. Contact us to live without annoying symptoms.

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03/09/2021 13:51

Pavel 35

This mycosis is a terrible thing, thanks for the article everything is written correctly.

14.02.2021 06:59

Valentina

Even more informative, I always go to the right service, and I know the best for my food. Now you need to call a doctor.

03.02.2021 17:03

Elena Kilina

The service is very good. And the information on the site is always presented in an understandable language.

12/24/2020 12:15

Viktor

Thank you, good article.

09.11.2020 15:28

Anna Karovina

Made an appointment, thanks for the information, very useful information. 0003

Everything is written correctly, but nothing is said about the variety tієї ailments.