How do period symptoms differ from early pregnancy signs. What are the common symptoms shared by PMS and pregnancy. When should you take a pregnancy test. How can you distinguish between PMS and early pregnancy symptoms.

Mood Changes: A Common Thread Between PMS and Pregnancy

Mood swings are a hallmark of both premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and early pregnancy. These emotional fluctuations can leave many women wondering about their underlying cause. Are they experiencing typical pre-period symptoms or could they be pregnant?

Irritability, anxiety, sadness, and unexpected crying spells are common experiences in both scenarios. However, there’s a key difference in their duration:

• PMS mood changes: Typically subside once menstruation begins
• Pregnancy mood changes: May persist beyond the expected period date

Is persistent sadness a sign of pregnancy? Not necessarily. Prolonged feelings of sadness lasting two weeks or more could indicate depression, which affects approximately 10% of pregnant women worldwide. If you’re experiencing persistent low moods, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and support.

Digestive Changes: Constipation in PMS and Pregnancy

Hormonal fluctuations can wreak havoc on the digestive system, leading to constipation in both PMS and pregnancy. But how prevalent is this symptom, and does it differ between the two conditions?

• PMS-related constipation: Common in many women before their periods
• Pregnancy-related constipation: Affects up to 38% of pregnant women

The timing of constipation can offer clues about its cause:

• PMS: Bowel issues typically resolve once menstruation begins
• Pregnancy: Constipation is most common in the first two trimesters

Are you experiencing persistent constipation beyond your usual menstrual cycle? While it could be a sign of pregnancy, it’s essential to consider other factors such as dietary changes, stress, or underlying health conditions. Consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment options.

Breast Changes: Decoding the Signals of PMS and Early Pregnancy

Breast discomfort is a shared symptom between PMS and early pregnancy, often causing confusion for women trying to interpret their body’s signals. Both conditions can lead to:

• Pain
• Tenderness
• Swelling
• Heaviness
• Increased sensitivity
• Changes in breast tissue texture

How can you differentiate between PMS-related and pregnancy-related breast changes? The key lies in the timing and duration of symptoms:

• PMS: Breast symptoms are usually most pronounced just before menstruation and improve during or shortly after the period
• Pregnancy: Breast changes typically begin 1-2 weeks after conception and may persist throughout pregnancy

Do pregnancy-related breast changes have any unique characteristics? Some women report more noticeable blue veins near the surface of their breasts during early pregnancy. Additionally, the area around the nipples may become particularly sensitive or sore.

Fatigue: Unraveling the Causes in PMS and Pregnancy

Feeling exhausted is a common complaint among women experiencing both PMS and early pregnancy. But what causes this fatigue, and how can you differentiate between the two?

In PMS, progesterone is the primary culprit behind pre-period tiredness. This hormone-induced fatigue typically resolves once menstruation begins. However, women with heavy periods may experience persistent fatigue throughout their menstrual cycle, which could indicate iron-deficiency anemia.

Pregnancy-related fatigue, on the other hand, is often more persistent:

• It commonly lasts throughout the first trimester
• Some women experience fatigue for the entire duration of pregnancy
• Difficulty sleeping and frequent nighttime urination can exacerbate pregnancy fatigue

Are you experiencing prolonged fatigue that doesn’t seem to align with your menstrual cycle? While it could be an early sign of pregnancy, it’s essential to consider other potential causes such as stress, poor sleep habits, or underlying health conditions. Consult with a healthcare provider for a comprehensive evaluation.

Bleeding and Spotting: Distinguishing Between Menstruation and Implantation

Bleeding or spotting can occur in both early pregnancy and during the menstrual cycle, but there are important differences to note:

Implantation Bleeding

Implantation bleeding is a potential early sign of pregnancy that occurs when the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining. Key characteristics include:

• Timing: Typically occurs 10-14 days after fertilization
• Duration: Usually brief, lasting only a day or two
• Flow: Much lighter than a typical period
• Color: Often pink or brown, rather than bright red

It’s important to note that not all women experience implantation bleeding, and many may not notice it if it does occur.

Menstrual Bleeding

In contrast, menstrual bleeding has distinct characteristics:

• Duration: Typically lasts 4-5 days
• Flow: Heavier than implantation bleeding, with more significant blood loss
• Color: Often starts light and becomes heavier and darker red

Can you have a period while pregnant? While it’s not possible to have a true menstrual period during pregnancy, some women may experience light bleeding or spotting in early pregnancy that can be mistaken for a period. If you’re sexually active and experience unusual bleeding patterns, it’s advisable to take a pregnancy test or consult with a healthcare provider.

Cramps, Headaches, and Back Pain: Shared Symptoms with Subtle Differences

Cramps, headaches, and back pain are common complaints in both PMS and early pregnancy. However, there are subtle differences that might help you distinguish between the two:

Cramps

• PMS: Cramps typically occur in the lower abdomen and may be accompanied by bloating
• Early Pregnancy: Cramps may be felt lower in the stomach and can persist for weeks or months as the uterus stretches

Headaches

• PMS: Often triggered by hormonal fluctuations before menstruation
• Pregnancy: Can occur due to hormonal changes, increased blood volume, and other pregnancy-related factors

Back Pain

• PMS: Usually localized in the lower back and improves once menstruation begins
• Pregnancy: May start early and persist or worsen as pregnancy progresses, affecting a broader area of the back

Is it normal to experience these symptoms in early pregnancy? Yes, many women report cramps, headaches, and back pain as common early pregnancy symptoms. However, if you’re experiencing severe or persistent pain, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to rule out any complications.

Appetite Changes and Food Cravings: Navigating the Hormonal Influences

Changes in appetite and food cravings are common experiences in both PMS and pregnancy, but they can manifest differently:

PMS-Related Appetite Changes

• Increased appetite is common
• Cravings often focus on sweet, fatty, or carbohydrate-rich foods
• Likely influenced by fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels

Pregnancy-Related Appetite Changes

• 50-90% of pregnant women in the United States experience food cravings
• Cravings can be for specific foods or food groups
• Food aversions are more common in pregnancy than in PMS
• Some women may crave non-food items (a condition called pica)

Do pregnancy cravings differ from PMS cravings? While both conditions can lead to increased appetite and cravings for certain foods, pregnancy cravings are often more intense and specific. Additionally, the development of strong food aversions is more characteristic of pregnancy than PMS.

If you’re experiencing unusual cravings for non-food items, it’s crucial to discuss this with a healthcare provider, as it may indicate a condition called pica, which can have health implications for both mother and baby.

Unique Pregnancy Symptoms: When to Consider Taking a Test

While many symptoms overlap between PMS and early pregnancy, certain signs are more strongly associated with pregnancy. If you’re experiencing any of the following, it may be time to consider taking a pregnancy test:

Missed Period

A missed period is one of the most obvious signs of pregnancy, especially if your cycles are usually regular. However, it’s important to note that there can be other reasons for a missed or late period, including:

• Stress
• Significant changes in weight
• Intense physical exercise
• Hormonal imbalances
• Certain medications

When should you take a pregnancy test? If your period is one week late and pregnancy is a possibility, it’s advisable to take a test. Many modern pregnancy tests are highly sensitive and can detect pregnancy hormones several days before a missed period.

Nausea and Vomiting

While mild digestive discomfort can occur before menstruation, nausea and vomiting are not typical PMS symptoms. These are, however, common experiences in early pregnancy, often referred to as “morning sickness” (although they can occur at any time of day).

Is nausea always a sign of pregnancy? No, nausea can have various causes, including food poisoning, stomach viruses, or other health conditions. However, if you’re experiencing unexplained nausea along with other potential pregnancy symptoms, it may be worth taking a pregnancy test.

Heightened Sense of Smell

Many women report a suddenly heightened sense of smell during early pregnancy. This increased sensitivity can sometimes lead to nausea or food aversions.

Frequent Urination

An increased need to urinate, especially at night, can be an early sign of pregnancy. This is due to hormonal changes and increased blood volume, which cause the kidneys to process more fluid.

Are these symptoms guaranteed signs of pregnancy? While these symptoms are more commonly associated with pregnancy than with PMS, it’s important to remember that every woman’s experience is unique. The only way to confirm pregnancy is through a pregnancy test or consultation with a healthcare provider.

If you’re sexually active and experiencing any combination of these symptoms, particularly if you’ve missed a period, it’s advisable to take a pregnancy test or consult with a healthcare professional. Early prenatal care is crucial for a healthy pregnancy, so it’s better to confirm or rule out pregnancy as soon as possible.

Remember, while understanding these symptoms can be helpful, they are not a substitute for professional medical advice. If you have concerns about your menstrual cycle, potential pregnancy, or any persistent symptoms, always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for personalized guidance and care.

How to tell the difference

Symptoms common to both PMS and pregnancy include:

Changes in mood

Feeling irritable, anxious, or sad, or having crying spells, are common in both early pregnancy and the days leading up to a period.

These symptoms of PMS typically disappear once menstruation begins. However, if mood changes persist and a person misses their period, this may suggest pregnancy.

Persistent feelings of sadness can indicate depression. See a doctor if low moods last for 2 weeks or more.

About 10 percent of pregnant women worldwide experience a mental health condition, depression being the most common.

Constipation

Hormonal changes are a common cause of constipation in women. The fluctuations can slow down bowel movements.

Research suggests that constipation affects up to 38 percent of women during pregnancy, but it also affects many women just before their periods.

Pregnant women are most likely to have constipation in the first two trimesters, while women with PMS-related bowel problems typically experience relief after their periods begin.

Breast pain and tenderness

Breast changes are a common symptom of both PMS and early pregnancy. The changes can include:

• pain
• tenderness
• swelling
• heaviness
• sensitivity
• bumpy breast tissue

The severity of these symptoms varies among individuals.

However, in people with PMS, breast-related symptoms are usually most significant just before a menstrual period, and they typically get better during the period or just after it ends.

In early pregnancy, the breasts may feel particularly tender to the touch, and they often get heavier. The area around the nipple may sting or feel sore. Some women also develop more noticeable blue veins near the surface of the breasts.

Breast symptoms during pregnancy begin 1 or 2 weeks after conception and may persist until childbirth.

Fatigue

The hormone progesterone contributes to tiredness and fatigue before a period. Fatigue typically goes away once the period begins.

For women with heavy periods, excessive tiredness can last throughout the period. It may also be a sign of iron-deficiency anemia.

Fatigue is also a common symptom of early pregnancy. It often persists throughout the first trimester, and some women feel tired for the full 9 months. Difficulty sleeping and frequent nighttime urination can make pregnancy fatigue worse.

Bleeding or spotting

Light spotting or bleeding can occur in early pregnancy. This is called implantation bleeding, and it typically occurs 10–14 days after fertilization.

Many women do not experience implantation bleeding. Others may not notice it. It is much lighter than menstruation.

PMS does not typically cause spotting, although a period can be very light on the first day. Usually, menstrual bleeding lasts for 4 or 5 days, and it causes more significant blood loss than the spotting of implantation.

Cramping

Cramping is common in both PMS and early pregnancy. Early pregnancy cramps are similar to menstrual cramps, but they can occur lower down in the stomach.

These cramps may persist for weeks or months during pregnancy, as the embryo implants and the uterus stretches.

Headaches and back pain

Hormonal changes can cause both headaches and back pain in early pregnancy and before the menstrual period.

Changes in appetite

Share on PinterestChanges in hormones may cause women to crave sweet foods before their period.

Increased appetite and food cravings are common symptoms of pregnancy, but they can also occur with PMS.

Many people with PMS experience increased appetite and cravings for sweet or fatty foods, or carbohydrate-rich meals. Changes in the hormones estrogen and progesterone likely influence cravings just before a period.

Research indicates that 50–90 percent of pregnant women in the United States have cravings.

Many crave specific foods and have aversions to others, finding their sight or smell deeply unpleasant. Food aversions are much less common in people with PMS.

Some pregnant women crave non-food items, such as ice or dirt. The medical term for this phenomenon is pica. Anyone with pica should speak to a doctor.

Some symptoms are more likely to indicate early pregnancy than an impending period. However, a person can only be sure by taking a home pregnancy test or visiting a doctor.

Symptoms that are likelier to signal pregnancy include:

A missed period

Missing a period is one of the most obvious signs of pregnancy. If a period is 1 week late and pregnancy is a possibility, take a pregnancy test.

Many tests are highly sensitive and can detect pregnancy hormones several days before a missed period.

However, there can be many other reasons for a missed or late period, such as:

Nausea

While mild digestive discomfort can occur just before a menstrual period, nausea and vomiting are not typical PMS symptoms.

They are, however, common symptoms of early pregnancy. Nausea affects up to 80 percent of pregnant women. Nausea and vomiting usually start before the 9th week of pregnancy.

Typically, these symptoms subside by the second trimester, but some women experience nausea throughout pregnancy.

Nipple changes

Although breast changes can occur during both PMS and pregnancy, changes to the nipples rarely happen before a period.

If the areola, the colored area around the nipple, gets darker or larger, this can suggest pregnancy. These changes can occur as early as 1 or 2 weeks after conception.

How to tell the difference

Symptoms common to both PMS and pregnancy include:

Changes in mood

Feeling irritable, anxious, or sad, or having crying spells, are common in both early pregnancy and the days leading up to a period.

These symptoms of PMS typically disappear once menstruation begins. However, if mood changes persist and a person misses their period, this may suggest pregnancy.

Persistent feelings of sadness can indicate depression. See a doctor if low moods last for 2 weeks or more.

About 10 percent of pregnant women worldwide experience a mental health condition, depression being the most common.

Constipation

Hormonal changes are a common cause of constipation in women. The fluctuations can slow down bowel movements.

Research suggests that constipation affects up to 38 percent of women during pregnancy, but it also affects many women just before their periods.

Pregnant women are most likely to have constipation in the first two trimesters, while women with PMS-related bowel problems typically experience relief after their periods begin.

Breast pain and tenderness

Breast changes are a common symptom of both PMS and early pregnancy. The changes can include:

• pain
• tenderness
• swelling
• heaviness
• sensitivity
• bumpy breast tissue

The severity of these symptoms varies among individuals.

However, in people with PMS, breast-related symptoms are usually most significant just before a menstrual period, and they typically get better during the period or just after it ends.

In early pregnancy, the breasts may feel particularly tender to the touch, and they often get heavier. The area around the nipple may sting or feel sore. Some women also develop more noticeable blue veins near the surface of the breasts.

Breast symptoms during pregnancy begin 1 or 2 weeks after conception and may persist until childbirth.

Fatigue

The hormone progesterone contributes to tiredness and fatigue before a period. Fatigue typically goes away once the period begins.

For women with heavy periods, excessive tiredness can last throughout the period. It may also be a sign of iron-deficiency anemia.

Fatigue is also a common symptom of early pregnancy. It often persists throughout the first trimester, and some women feel tired for the full 9 months. Difficulty sleeping and frequent nighttime urination can make pregnancy fatigue worse.

Bleeding or spotting

Light spotting or bleeding can occur in early pregnancy. This is called implantation bleeding, and it typically occurs 10–14 days after fertilization.

Many women do not experience implantation bleeding. Others may not notice it. It is much lighter than menstruation.

PMS does not typically cause spotting, although a period can be very light on the first day. Usually, menstrual bleeding lasts for 4 or 5 days, and it causes more significant blood loss than the spotting of implantation.

Cramping

Cramping is common in both PMS and early pregnancy. Early pregnancy cramps are similar to menstrual cramps, but they can occur lower down in the stomach.

These cramps may persist for weeks or months during pregnancy, as the embryo implants and the uterus stretches.

Headaches and back pain

Hormonal changes can cause both headaches and back pain in early pregnancy and before the menstrual period.

Changes in appetite

Share on PinterestChanges in hormones may cause women to crave sweet foods before their period.

Increased appetite and food cravings are common symptoms of pregnancy, but they can also occur with PMS.

Many people with PMS experience increased appetite and cravings for sweet or fatty foods, or carbohydrate-rich meals. Changes in the hormones estrogen and progesterone likely influence cravings just before a period.

Research indicates that 50–90 percent of pregnant women in the United States have cravings.

Many crave specific foods and have aversions to others, finding their sight or smell deeply unpleasant. Food aversions are much less common in people with PMS.

Some pregnant women crave non-food items, such as ice or dirt. The medical term for this phenomenon is pica. Anyone with pica should speak to a doctor.

Some symptoms are more likely to indicate early pregnancy than an impending period. However, a person can only be sure by taking a home pregnancy test or visiting a doctor.

Symptoms that are likelier to signal pregnancy include:

A missed period

Missing a period is one of the most obvious signs of pregnancy. If a period is 1 week late and pregnancy is a possibility, take a pregnancy test.

Many tests are highly sensitive and can detect pregnancy hormones several days before a missed period.

However, there can be many other reasons for a missed or late period, such as:

Nausea

While mild digestive discomfort can occur just before a menstrual period, nausea and vomiting are not typical PMS symptoms.

They are, however, common symptoms of early pregnancy. Nausea affects up to 80 percent of pregnant women. Nausea and vomiting usually start before the 9th week of pregnancy.

Typically, these symptoms subside by the second trimester, but some women experience nausea throughout pregnancy.

Nipple changes

Although breast changes can occur during both PMS and pregnancy, changes to the nipples rarely happen before a period.

If the areola, the colored area around the nipple, gets darker or larger, this can suggest pregnancy. These changes can occur as early as 1 or 2 weeks after conception.

How to tell the difference

Symptoms common to both PMS and pregnancy include:

Changes in mood

Feeling irritable, anxious, or sad, or having crying spells, are common in both early pregnancy and the days leading up to a period.

These symptoms of PMS typically disappear once menstruation begins. However, if mood changes persist and a person misses their period, this may suggest pregnancy.

Persistent feelings of sadness can indicate depression. See a doctor if low moods last for 2 weeks or more.

About 10 percent of pregnant women worldwide experience a mental health condition, depression being the most common.

Constipation

Hormonal changes are a common cause of constipation in women. The fluctuations can slow down bowel movements.

Research suggests that constipation affects up to 38 percent of women during pregnancy, but it also affects many women just before their periods.

Pregnant women are most likely to have constipation in the first two trimesters, while women with PMS-related bowel problems typically experience relief after their periods begin.

Breast pain and tenderness

Breast changes are a common symptom of both PMS and early pregnancy. The changes can include:

• pain
• tenderness
• swelling
• heaviness
• sensitivity
• bumpy breast tissue

The severity of these symptoms varies among individuals.

However, in people with PMS, breast-related symptoms are usually most significant just before a menstrual period, and they typically get better during the period or just after it ends.

In early pregnancy, the breasts may feel particularly tender to the touch, and they often get heavier. The area around the nipple may sting or feel sore. Some women also develop more noticeable blue veins near the surface of the breasts.

Breast symptoms during pregnancy begin 1 or 2 weeks after conception and may persist until childbirth.

Fatigue

The hormone progesterone contributes to tiredness and fatigue before a period. Fatigue typically goes away once the period begins.

For women with heavy periods, excessive tiredness can last throughout the period. It may also be a sign of iron-deficiency anemia.

Fatigue is also a common symptom of early pregnancy. It often persists throughout the first trimester, and some women feel tired for the full 9 months. Difficulty sleeping and frequent nighttime urination can make pregnancy fatigue worse.

Bleeding or spotting

Light spotting or bleeding can occur in early pregnancy. This is called implantation bleeding, and it typically occurs 10–14 days after fertilization.

Many women do not experience implantation bleeding. Others may not notice it. It is much lighter than menstruation.

PMS does not typically cause spotting, although a period can be very light on the first day. Usually, menstrual bleeding lasts for 4 or 5 days, and it causes more significant blood loss than the spotting of implantation.

Cramping

Cramping is common in both PMS and early pregnancy. Early pregnancy cramps are similar to menstrual cramps, but they can occur lower down in the stomach.

These cramps may persist for weeks or months during pregnancy, as the embryo implants and the uterus stretches.

Headaches and back pain

Hormonal changes can cause both headaches and back pain in early pregnancy and before the menstrual period.

Changes in appetite

Share on PinterestChanges in hormones may cause women to crave sweet foods before their period.

Increased appetite and food cravings are common symptoms of pregnancy, but they can also occur with PMS.

Many people with PMS experience increased appetite and cravings for sweet or fatty foods, or carbohydrate-rich meals. Changes in the hormones estrogen and progesterone likely influence cravings just before a period.

Research indicates that 50–90 percent of pregnant women in the United States have cravings.

Many crave specific foods and have aversions to others, finding their sight or smell deeply unpleasant. Food aversions are much less common in people with PMS.

Some pregnant women crave non-food items, such as ice or dirt. The medical term for this phenomenon is pica. Anyone with pica should speak to a doctor.

Some symptoms are more likely to indicate early pregnancy than an impending period. However, a person can only be sure by taking a home pregnancy test or visiting a doctor.

Symptoms that are likelier to signal pregnancy include:

A missed period

Missing a period is one of the most obvious signs of pregnancy. If a period is 1 week late and pregnancy is a possibility, take a pregnancy test.

Many tests are highly sensitive and can detect pregnancy hormones several days before a missed period.

However, there can be many other reasons for a missed or late period, such as:

Nausea

While mild digestive discomfort can occur just before a menstrual period, nausea and vomiting are not typical PMS symptoms.

They are, however, common symptoms of early pregnancy. Nausea affects up to 80 percent of pregnant women. Nausea and vomiting usually start before the 9th week of pregnancy.

Typically, these symptoms subside by the second trimester, but some women experience nausea throughout pregnancy.

Nipple changes

Although breast changes can occur during both PMS and pregnancy, changes to the nipples rarely happen before a period.

If the areola, the colored area around the nipple, gets darker or larger, this can suggest pregnancy. These changes can occur as early as 1 or 2 weeks after conception.

How to tell the difference

Symptoms common to both PMS and pregnancy include:

Changes in mood

Feeling irritable, anxious, or sad, or having crying spells, are common in both early pregnancy and the days leading up to a period.

These symptoms of PMS typically disappear once menstruation begins. However, if mood changes persist and a person misses their period, this may suggest pregnancy.

Persistent feelings of sadness can indicate depression. See a doctor if low moods last for 2 weeks or more.

About 10 percent of pregnant women worldwide experience a mental health condition, depression being the most common.

Constipation

Hormonal changes are a common cause of constipation in women. The fluctuations can slow down bowel movements.

Research suggests that constipation affects up to 38 percent of women during pregnancy, but it also affects many women just before their periods.

Pregnant women are most likely to have constipation in the first two trimesters, while women with PMS-related bowel problems typically experience relief after their periods begin.

Breast pain and tenderness

Breast changes are a common symptom of both PMS and early pregnancy. The changes can include:

• pain
• tenderness
• swelling
• heaviness
• sensitivity
• bumpy breast tissue

The severity of these symptoms varies among individuals.

However, in people with PMS, breast-related symptoms are usually most significant just before a menstrual period, and they typically get better during the period or just after it ends.

In early pregnancy, the breasts may feel particularly tender to the touch, and they often get heavier. The area around the nipple may sting or feel sore. Some women also develop more noticeable blue veins near the surface of the breasts.

Breast symptoms during pregnancy begin 1 or 2 weeks after conception and may persist until childbirth.

Fatigue

The hormone progesterone contributes to tiredness and fatigue before a period. Fatigue typically goes away once the period begins.

For women with heavy periods, excessive tiredness can last throughout the period. It may also be a sign of iron-deficiency anemia.

Fatigue is also a common symptom of early pregnancy. It often persists throughout the first trimester, and some women feel tired for the full 9 months. Difficulty sleeping and frequent nighttime urination can make pregnancy fatigue worse.

Bleeding or spotting

Light spotting or bleeding can occur in early pregnancy. This is called implantation bleeding, and it typically occurs 10–14 days after fertilization.

Many women do not experience implantation bleeding. Others may not notice it. It is much lighter than menstruation.

PMS does not typically cause spotting, although a period can be very light on the first day. Usually, menstrual bleeding lasts for 4 or 5 days, and it causes more significant blood loss than the spotting of implantation.

Cramping

Cramping is common in both PMS and early pregnancy. Early pregnancy cramps are similar to menstrual cramps, but they can occur lower down in the stomach.

These cramps may persist for weeks or months during pregnancy, as the embryo implants and the uterus stretches.

Headaches and back pain

Hormonal changes can cause both headaches and back pain in early pregnancy and before the menstrual period.

Changes in appetite

Share on PinterestChanges in hormones may cause women to crave sweet foods before their period.

Increased appetite and food cravings are common symptoms of pregnancy, but they can also occur with PMS.

Many people with PMS experience increased appetite and cravings for sweet or fatty foods, or carbohydrate-rich meals. Changes in the hormones estrogen and progesterone likely influence cravings just before a period.

Research indicates that 50–90 percent of pregnant women in the United States have cravings.

Many crave specific foods and have aversions to others, finding their sight or smell deeply unpleasant. Food aversions are much less common in people with PMS.

Some pregnant women crave non-food items, such as ice or dirt. The medical term for this phenomenon is pica. Anyone with pica should speak to a doctor.

Some symptoms are more likely to indicate early pregnancy than an impending period. However, a person can only be sure by taking a home pregnancy test or visiting a doctor.

Symptoms that are likelier to signal pregnancy include:

A missed period

Missing a period is one of the most obvious signs of pregnancy. If a period is 1 week late and pregnancy is a possibility, take a pregnancy test.

Many tests are highly sensitive and can detect pregnancy hormones several days before a missed period.

However, there can be many other reasons for a missed or late period, such as:

Nausea

While mild digestive discomfort can occur just before a menstrual period, nausea and vomiting are not typical PMS symptoms.

They are, however, common symptoms of early pregnancy. Nausea affects up to 80 percent of pregnant women. Nausea and vomiting usually start before the 9th week of pregnancy.

Typically, these symptoms subside by the second trimester, but some women experience nausea throughout pregnancy.

Nipple changes

Although breast changes can occur during both PMS and pregnancy, changes to the nipples rarely happen before a period.

If the areola, the colored area around the nipple, gets darker or larger, this can suggest pregnancy. These changes can occur as early as 1 or 2 weeks after conception.

9 Early Signs of Pregnancy (Before Your Missed Period)

Missing your period is not always the first sign that you’re pregnant. Several symptoms can indicate pregnancy before you are due for your period. If you’re trying to conceive, look for these early signs of pregnancy a week or two before you expect your period.

1. Morning Sickness

Morning sickness is notoriously incorrectly named. As most pregnant women can tell you, it can happen at any time. It is also a common early sign of pregnancy before you miss your period. A few weeks after conception, your body produces more estrogen and progesterone, causing nausea or vomiting. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), morning sickness subsides after the first trimester for some women, while others have it throughout the entire pregnancy.

2. Fatigue

Sometimes we all feel a little tired and rundown if we’re not taking care of ourselves properly. However, one of the most common early signs of pregnancy is extreme fatigue or exhaustion. Activities that never phased you before may tire you out, and you might want to sleep a lot even if you have gotten 7-9 hours already. The body is producing more blood to support the developing baby, which can cause fatigue and increase your need for nutrients. These symptoms usually last through the first trimester and can be alleviated by resting, eating a nutrient-rich diet, and drinking plenty of fluids.

3. Breast Changes

In the first few weeks of pregnancy, your breasts may become heavy, tender, swollen, or tender. Some women experience this symptom before their period, so it can be confused with PMS. However, one thing that happens during the early weeks of pregnancy that does not occur during a regular menstrual cycle might tip you off. If your areolas – the circles of pigmented skin surrounding the nipples – may darken or even become enlarged.

4. Spotting

Some women experience spotting as an early sign of pregnancy. Small amounts of light pink or brownish blood may appear a week or so before your period is due. This type of spotting is called implantation bleeding. As the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining, it can cause irritation and light bleeding. Sometimes this is mistaken as a period, but spotting is usually much lighter than a regular period. 

5. Cramping

Another sign of early pregnancy that can be confused with PMS or a regular period is cramping. During pregnancy, blood flow increases all over the body. Increased blood flow in the uterus can cause cramping. These cramps are usually mild, but if they become severe enough to affect your daily routine, you should see your doctor. Many women experience similar cramping right before their regular menstrual period, but it’s a common early symptom of pregnancy. So, if you have cramps (or the spotting mentioned above), don’t give up hope that you’re pregnant just yet.

6. Changes in Food Preference

Strange food cravings are a staple cliche in TV and films about pregnant women. However, that stereotype is rooted in reality. Many pregnant women develop cravings or aversions to food a few weeks after conception. You might find yourself wanting to eat things you don’t usually eat. Your favorite foods might suddenly make you nauseous. Or you may lose your appetite altogether.

7. Sensitivity to Smells

For some women, pregnancy makes their sense of smell go into overdrive. Exaggerated reactions to certain smells can tie into morning sickness and food preference. Scents that are not very strong to other people can be pungent and unpleasant to a pregnant woman.

8. Frequent Urination

A baby pressing on the bladder in the third trimester is not the only thing that causes frequent urination during pregnancy. After conception, your kidneys start working harder to filter the increased blood flow, resulting in the urge to urinate more frequently. This symptom can start right before your missed period.

9. Light Headedness

During the first weeks of pregnancy, you might feel dizzy or light-headed at times. After you get pregnant, your blood vessels dilate to prepare for the increased blood flow, which lowers blood pressure and creates that feeling of lightheadedness.

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At City of Oaks Midwifery, we believe in caring for the whole woman in all stages of her life. If you are experiencing early signs of pregnancy or have other concerns about your health, call (919) 351-8253 to make an appointment at our Raleigh, NC midwifery practice.

Signs and symptoms of pregnancy

Early signs of pregnancy

For women who have a regular monthly menstrual cycle, the earliest and most reliable sign of pregnancy is a missed period.

Women who are pregnant sometimes have a bleed similar to a very light period, with some spotting or only losing a little blood. This is called implantation bleeding.

Some of the other early pregnancy signs and symptoms are listed below.

Every woman is different and not all women will notice all of these symptoms.

Feeling sick during pregnancy

You may feel sick (nauseous) or be sick (vomit). This is commonly known as morning sickness, but it can happen at any time of the day or night.

For most women who have morning sickness, the symptoms start when they’re around 4 to 6 weeks pregnant.

Find out how to cope with feeling sick and morning sickness in pregnancy

If you’re being sick all the time and cannot keep anything down, see a GP.

You may have hyperemesis gravidarum, a serious condition in pregnancy that causes severe vomiting and needs treatment.

Feeling tired is common in pregnancy

It’s common to feel tired, or even exhausted, during pregnancy, especially during the first 12 weeks or so.

Hormonal changes in your body at this time can make you feel tired, sick, emotional and upset.

Find out more about tiredness in pregnancy

Sore breasts in early pregnancy

Your breasts may become larger and feel tender, just as they might do before your period. They may also tingle.

The veins may be more visible, and the nipples may darken and stand out.

Peeing more often suggests pregnancy

You may feel the need to pee more often than usual, including during the night.

Other signs of pregnancy you may notice are:

Strange tastes, smells and cravings

During early pregnancy, you may find you no longer like some foods or drinks you used to enjoy.

You might notice:

• a strange taste in your mouth, which many women describe as metallic
• you crave new foods
• you lose interest in certain foods or drinks you used to enjoy, such as tea, coffee or fatty food
• you lose interest in smoking
• you have a more sensitive sense of smell than usual – for example, the smell of food or cooking

If you’re worried about symptoms

Information:

If you have any symptoms you’re worried about, talk to a GP or your midwife.

Find out about:

If your pregnancy test is negative

A positive test result is almost certainly correct, as long as you have followed the instructions correctly.

A negative result is less reliable. If you get a negative result and still think you may be pregnant, wait a week and try again.

Find out about taking a pregnancy test

If you’re pregnant, use the pregnancy due date calculator to work out when your baby’s due.

Find maternity services near you

Get Start4Life pregnancy emails

Sign up for Start4Life’s weekly emails for expert advice, videos and tips on pregnancy, birth and beyond.

You can find pregnancy and baby apps and tools in the NHS Apps Library.

Video: what pregnancy symptoms are normal?

In this video, a midwife describes which symptoms during pregnancy are normal.

Media last reviewed: 20 March 2020
Media review due: 20 March 2023

Page last reviewed: 8 October 2019

Next review due: 8 October 2022

PMS vs. Pregnancy Symptoms: How They’re Different

Because female biology is a cruel mistress, it just so happens that your run-of-the-mill PMS symptoms can look and feel a mighty lot like those of early pregnancy. Let’s see how to spot (lol) the difference, shall we?

Fight club (moodiness)

PMS

Shedding your uterine lining is no walk in the proverbial park. Irritability is par for the PMS course, complete with crying spells and anxiety.

However, a sour mood tends to sweeten shortly after the period starts. If you suffer from monthly moodiness, exercising and getting plenty of sleep can help you feel less out of sorts.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy can throw a wrench in your emotional stability up until you give birth. However, unlike with PMS, your mood is likely to bounce all over the place. From bouts of crying to pure elation, carrying a child can be a real emotional rollercoaster.

Keep in mind that depression during pregnancy is common and ought to be treated. So, if you’re feeling extra down for long stretches, talk to your doctor about your options.

Everybody poops… except you!

PMS

If you feel a little less “regular” when you’re waiting for your period to show up, you can blame your hormones.

Higher than normal levels of progesterone in the latter half of your menstrual cycle have been known to cause digestive disturbances in the form of constipation.

Pregnancy

The hormonal changes associated with pregnancy may make it harder to go number two. Increased progesterone relaxes your intestinal muscles, which can slow things down in the pooping department.

Later on, as your uterus expands and puts pressure on your intestines, it may become even harder to — ahem — drop a different kid off at the pool.

Spot of doubt

PMS

Spotting or bleeding is not typical of PMS, but it doesn’t necessarily mean you’re pregnant. Underlying conditions including ovarian cysts or endometriosis can cause irregular bleeding.

As a rule of thumb, you should talk to your doctor about any bleeding that occurs outside of your normal menstrual cycle.

Pregnancy

Light vaginal bleeding can be one of the first signs of pregnancy. Pregnancy-related spotting is typically dark brown or light pink in color and occurs 10 to 14 days after conception. It usually lasts only a few days and is low in volume compared to a period.

Boobflation

PMS

Progesterone is a real pest, when it comes to PMS. Rising levels of this hormone have also been associated with swollen and/or tender breasts during the second half of your menstrual cycle.

Breast pain is likely to flare right before your period, and wear off as you start your period and your progesterone levels decrease.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy-related breast swelling and soreness tends to strike 1 to 2 weeks after you conceive. It can last as long as progesterone levels remain elevated as a result of your pregnancy.

If your breast pain feels out of sync with your period or lasts longer than normal, that’s as good an indication as any to take a pregnancy test.

Snoozeville

PMS

Feeling tired is a very common symptom of PMS, as is having a hard time sleeping. You can expect to get some pep back in your step once your period starts, but in the meantime exercising can help you catch up on any missed Zzz’s.

Pregnancy

Progesterone strikes again! And this time it’s in the bedroom. Increased levels of this pesky hormone during pregnancy can make you feel fatigued, especially during your first trimester.

Eating and sleeping as well as you can should help cushion the blow.

Cramp city

PMS

Did you know your PMS cramps have a fancy medical term? It’s called dysmenorrhea, but let’s just keep calling them cramps (it’s way easier).

Cramps are most likely to occur 24 to 48 hours before your period and eventually go away as your period comes to a close. The good news is that cramps tend to decrease as you age and after your first pregnancy.

However, you may have to deal with one final bout of them as you go into menopause.

Pregnancy

Mid to light cramping can happen early on in pregnancy. The pain is similar to menstrual cramps, but typically hits further south in your belly or in your lower back. It could also just be gas and constipation (see above).

Keep in mind that cramping during pregnancy can signal a pregnancy loss. If you have a history of miscarriages, pay special attention to your symptoms and talk to your doctor, especially if you experience watery discharge or bleeding.

A pain in the neck, back, and head!

PMS

Headaches and lower back pain like to turn up right before Aunt Flo. One study found that women with more inflammatory markers during their periods were most likely to experience back pain (not to mention cramps).

As far as your head is concerned, fluctuating levels of estrogen and progesterone before your period can trigger headaches, especially in women who have a history of migraines.

Pregnancy

Lower back pain is one of the most common complaints among pregnant women, especially in the early stages. The pain can range from dull to disabling and is brought on by hormonal changes.

Headaches during pregnancy are also very common. They too can be triggered by hormones, but if you’re indeed with child, something as insignificant as a bad smell could trigger one.

All the snacks and then some

PMS

Some clichés are devastatingly true — hell hath no fury on a refrigerator like a woman just before her period. It’s incredibly common for your eating habits to change before your monthly flow, and not for the better.

You may be absolutely ravenous, and for all the wrong things: chocolate, salty things, sugar, carbs… the works. Pregnancy doesn’t usually supercharge your cravings the way PMS can.

Pregnancy

Unlike PMS, pregnancy may make you crave strangely specific foods. Conversely, you may completely lose interest in others, including ones you used to love. Certain tastes and smells may totally turn you off. These sensory peccadillos can last your entire pregnancy.

If you find yourself craving things with no nutritional value, like dirt, ice chips, pieces of metal, or dried paint flakes, you may have a disorder called pica.

This disorder is typically seen in children, but can strike pregnant women as well. Definitely talk to your doctor if you feel the urge to eat your fork rather than the food on it.

Your period is MIA

A missed period is the hallmark sign of pregnancy. You know your cycle best, so if your cycles are a bit longer than the norm, this may not be cause for concern.

For the most accurate results, it’s best to wait 1 week after a missed period to whip out a pee stick (aka pregnancy test). This is because it takes your body 7 to 12 days after implantation to develop enough HGC (human chorionic gonadotropin) to produce a positive test result.

Not your average nipples

Another kind of wacky but surer sign of pregnancy is the way your nipples look. If you’re pregnant, they tend to stick out more and the areola around the nipple will appear larger.

During pregnancy, your nipples also darken due to hormonal fluctuations, and small glands called Montgomery’s tubercles may form raised bumps on the surface of your areolas. Your nipples know more than you’d think.

Nausea

While PMS may leave you feeling like a four letter word, nausea is a symptom typically reserved for the hormonal fluctuations associated with pregnancy.

Rising levels of HCG are mostly to blame. In fact, 70 to 80 percent of pregnant women experience nausea or vomiting, especially during the first trimester.

90,000 Signs of pregnancy

A woman can feel pregnancy immediately after conception. From the first days in the body, restructuring begins. Each reaction of the body is a bell for the expectant mother. The first signs cannot be called clear. They can be easily confused with the discomfort that occurs during a cold or before menstruation begins. Many women do not pay attention to these signs, and later find out about pregnancy when there is a delay. If you carefully monitor your condition, you can find out about the onset of the cherished period much earlier than the test shows two strips, and the pregnancy will be confirmed by tests and examination by a gynecologist.

First signs of pregnancy

It is interesting that the first weeks of pregnancy can be asymptomatic for some women, and with clear signs of body restructuring for others. Let’s list what the fair sex can face after conception.

• Fatigue, feeling unwell;
• Abrupt change of mood – from positive to negative and vice versa;
• Difficult relationship with food – aversion to some foods, overeating others;
• Severity and pain in the lower abdomen;
• Excessive breast tenderness;
• Fainting and dizziness;
• Nausea, toxicosis, heartburn;
• Aggravated sense of smell.

Pregnancy can be manifested by external changes. For example, one of the signs of an “interesting position” is swelling of the arms, legs and face. The body’s reaction can be reddening of the skin on the face, the appearance of acne. Also, in pregnant women, there is an increase in breast volume and darkening of the nipples. Another sign is an increase in basal temperature. This usually occurs during ovulation, and after the basal temperature returns to its initial value. During pregnancy, the latter does not occur.

What to do in case of pregnancy?

The absence of menstruation is considered to be the most indicative sign. The delay can be due to stress, overexertion, climate change or weather. If there is no menstruation for more than 5 days, this is a serious reason to take a test and seek advice from a gynecologist. You will have to visit a doctor in any case, even if you managed to independently establish a pregnancy using a test. Only a doctor can fully confirm this.Moreover, the gynecologist will tell you if the woman has pathologies in the form of an ectopic pregnancy.

The first signs of early pregnancy

Early pregnancy may not manifest itself in any way, but in most cases some symptoms do appear. However, since almost all manifestations are typical not only of pregnancy, but also of many other conditions, they can be easily confused. Now you will find out what the first signs of early pregnancy are worth paying attention to and why you need to listen carefully to your body.

Changes in the body of the expectant mother begin from the very first week after conception. The fertilized egg creates cells with fluid (blastocyst), which later develop in the form of organs and body parts of the embryo. On the seventh day after fertilization, the egg is implanted: it attaches to the endometrium on the walls of the uterus. There may be slight bleeding during implantation, which women may confuse with the first days of menstruation.

Therefore, if you are planning a pregnancy and see that bleeding has begun, do not rush to get upset.This may not be your period, but a discharge caused by the implantation of an egg. The main difference: in case of pregnancy, bleeding will last 2-3 days and it is less intense than menstruation. But if such discharge does appear, it is best to consult with your doctor.

Important: Bleeding due to egg attachment is a possible, but not necessary, early sign of pregnancy. It may not be there.

How do you know if you are pregnant?

The first signs of early pregnancy are difficult to determine.The most important symptom is the absence of menstruation. Menstrual bleeding does not occur due to the fact that after the attachment of the egg to the walls of the uterus, hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin, begins to be produced. A common pregnancy test, available from pharmacies and supermarkets, reacts to the presence of hCG in the body. If you are late and your period did not start on time, you can check if you are pregnant with a test.

Does it make sense to buy an expensive test if you notice early pregnancy signs? All tests are divided into:

• test strips – they are dipped into a container of urine for a few seconds;
• inkjet – no capacity is needed to use them;
• tablet – a plastic tablet with two strips;
• electronic – the result is displayed on the screen.

There is no need to overpay for more expensive tests, since they all work according to the same principle: they react to the level of hCG in the urine.

You can buy regular test strips: as a rule, they show the result from the first day of the delay. If the tests are positive, if you wish, you can buy an electronic one to see two stripes on the screen.

Important: there is no point in doing the test immediately after the estimated date of conception, since hCG begins to be produced only after the implantation of the egg.But signs of pregnancy in the first weeks may appear even before the test shows two strips. Listen to your body and try to pay attention to how you are feeling.

Let us also consider in more detail other signs of early pregnancy.

Increased fatigue

During pregnancy, hormonal changes occur in the body from the first weeks. One of these manifestations is an increase in progesterone levels, which leads to drowsiness. At the same time, fatigue can also appear due to a lack of vitamins.Therefore, not a single symptom that will be described here can indicate a 100% probability of pregnancy.

Morning nausea and vomiting

Toxicosis usually appears at 4-6 weeks and lasts until the end of the first trimester. But it can occur at a later date – every woman is individual. Nausea can appear not only in the morning, but also during the day.

It is quite difficult to fight toxicosis, you must definitely choose foods that you can eat and try to drink more water.One of the possible consequences is dehydration, so it is important to monitor adequate fluid intake.

Increased sensitivity and breast enlargement

Hormonal changes in the body lead to an increase in the mammary glands and an increase in their sensitivity. In the future, the symptoms will disappear, but for some time they can be disturbing. Breast sensitivity can increase during PMS, so consider this option as well.

Frequent urination

This problem is not always associated with hypothermia, cystitis or urolithiasis.During pregnancy, the uterus increases in size, so it begins to put pressure on the bladder. Because of this effect, the urge to urinate appears more often than usual.

Mood swings

Day off, the sun is shining outside the window, you feel great. But it seems that something is missing, and a good mood in a few minutes gives way to tears and sadness. This condition in the first weeks of pregnancy may be associated with a change in hormonal levels.

Do not be angry with yourself at such moments and try to do what pleases and inspires you.If you just want to lie in bed watching TV shows, allow yourself such a rest. Signs of pregnancy in the early stages may not be the most pleasant, and once again you should not be upset and worried about your situation.

Dizziness

During pregnancy, the head is dizzy, both due to pressure drops and due to a weakened state of the body. If you feel unwell, try to avoid sudden movements, get more rest, spend time outdoors and eat right.

Odor sensitivity

Habitual scents can become unpleasant. Perhaps those smells that you almost did not distinguish before will become more distinct and expressive. During pregnancy, many women even give up their usual perfume, so as not to provoke ill health and bouts of toxicosis once again.

Pain in the lower abdomen

This symptom occurs against the background of implantation of the egg to the endometrium. The unpleasant sensations can last for several days, and women often perceive this symptom as the approach of menstruation.

It is possible to determine whether a pregnancy has occurred using two methods: a pregnancy test and a blood test for hCG.

Tests are sold in supermarkets, pharmacies and online stores. They react to the content of hCG in urine and, depending on the concentration, interpret the result. You can do the test a few days before the expected date of your period. A blood test for hCG allows you to more accurately determine whether the egg was implanted to the endometrium in this cycle. It can also be taken 1-2 days before the expected date of your period, but it is better to wait for a delay to get the result.

What to do in the early stages

If the pregnancy is confirmed by a test or blood test for hCG, it is necessary: ​​

1. Go for an ultrasound scan. Perhaps the ovum will still be poorly visible in the early stages, but you need to go for an examination to make sure that there is no ectopic pregnancy.
2. Look at HCG in dynamics. Doctors advise to take the test 2-3 times with an interval of two days. This will ensure that the embryo is developing normally.
3. Eliminate stress from your life. Try not to worry at work and because of household trifles. In the early stages of pregnancy, this is one of the main rules, since up to 12 weeks, the most important systems in the baby’s body are laid.
4. Drink folic acid. If you didn’t drink it while planning, then start now. It can be taken without a doctor’s prescription at a dosage of 0.4-0.8 mg. It affects the formation of the baby’s nervous system.
5. Register.If you have no complaints, doctors from the antenatal clinic recommend registering for a period of 8-10 weeks. If you do this before 12 weeks, you will receive a cash bonus from the state.
6. Eat right. Try to eat more seasonal vegetables and fruits, but be sure to listen to your feelings. If you develop toxicosis, eat foods that do not make you sick. And be sure to monitor the sufficient amount of water consumed – from dehydration, the state of health may worsen.

After you register, the doctor will prescribe you tests. They will need to be taken regularly to monitor your well-being. Usually they take a general blood test, a biochemical blood test, a general urine test and other tests. Also, the doctor will prescribe scheduled screenings.

And don’t forget to dress for the weather. In the Proud Mom online store, you will find maternity clothes that will highlight your personality. Go for stylish cuts, experiment with shades and wear things made from natural materials.Together with our store, high-quality clothing becomes available, so do not limit yourself and enjoy every day of your excellent condition, despite some not very pleasant signs of early pregnancy.

90,000 1 trimester of pregnancy: what happens to the fetus

1st trimester: 1-12 weeks

The gestation period is calculated from the first day of the last menstruation, since it is difficult to accurately determine the day of conception.Since conception usually occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle, you are not actually pregnant during the first two weeks, but this period is counted as the beginning of pregnancy.

As soon as the fertilization of the egg takes place around the 3rd week, hormones gradually begin to make changes in your body. As a result, you may develop some of the following symptoms:

• Morning sickness. As a result of increased levels of hormones characteristic of pregnancy, up to 80% of women in the 1st trimester experience morning sickness with symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.The notion that such malaise occurs only in the morning is a common misconception. In fact, symptoms can appear at any time of the day or night. In 1 in 5 women, morning sickness occurs during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy and can sometimes persist throughout pregnancy.

  If you experience morning sickness, avoid foods that make you sick, eat little and often, avoid fatty and spicy foods, and drink plenty of water. If you experience severe or bothersome symptoms, see your doctor.

• Changes in the mammary glands. The breasts will begin to grow in size and may be sore. The nipples will increase in size and become darker and more prominent.
• Fatigue. High levels of the hormone progesterone may make you tired and sleepy. Rest as often as possible in a horizontal position with your legs up, and eat as best you can, which is not easy if you are experiencing morning sickness!
• Increased emotionality. Higher levels of emotionality resulting from increased hormone levels are normal. Understanding and patience on the part of your partner and loved ones is very important here.
• Food habits and dislikes. You may find that you cannot tolerate one food and are addicted to another. This is usually not a problem unless you feel like eating strange foods like chalk. If you are concerned about the situation, see your doctor.
• Frequent urination. As your body’s fluid content increases and your uterus presses on your bladder, you will have more urge to use the toilet. Go to the toilet as soon as you feel the need to – this will minimize the pressure on the bladder.
• Feeling dizzy. Sometimes you may feel a little dizzy (due to hormonal changes). Try not to stay on your feet for a long time and slowly rise from a sitting or lying position.If you feel dizzy, see a doctor immediately.
• Heartburn and constipation. Your digestive system will slow down to allow more time for food to be absorbed. This can lead to heartburn and constipation. For heartburn, try to eat small meals at regular intervals and avoid fried or spicy foods and carbonated drinks. Constipation can be helped by eating a diet rich in fiber, staying physically active, and drinking plenty of water.

Main stages of the 1st trimester of pregnancy

• Approximately 7 days after fertilization, the embryo is implanted into the wall of the uterus. To provide nourishment and protection to the embryo, the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic sac will begin to form.
• By the end of the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the uterus is felt through the abdominal wall, the abdomen will begin to enlarge.

Child development in the 1st trimester of pregnancy

By the end of the 1st trimester:

• Formed all the main organs of the baby, the circulatory system is working.
• The development of the genitals began.
• Fingers formed on the hands and feet, nails appeared.
• Facial features have formed.
• The length of the baby’s body is about 6 cm from the head to the lower part of the body, he is already recognizable. The baby moves in the amniotic sac, but you still don’t feel it moving.

How to determine pregnancy without a test

How to determine pregnancy without a test and what signs indirectly indicate that your beloved baby will soon be born? Of course, only a blood test can give a 100% guarantee, but the presence of certain signs may indicate its possible occurrence.

Classic signs of pregnancy

Additional pregnancy symptoms

If you are pregnant

Classic signs of pregnancy

Most common early signs and symptoms may include

• Delay of menstruation. Problems with the regularity of the menstrual cycle may be associated with a hormonal imbalance in the body. But if the delay occurred for the first time, and before that the cycle was accurate, like a clock, then it is likely that you are pregnant.
• Early toxicosis with severe nausea and vomiting is the most common sign of an interesting situation, but not every woman has it.
• Painful sensations in both mammary glands or their increase. Nipples can become very sensitive and discolored. Sometimes, in the early stages, colostrum is released from them with slight pressure.
• Pain in the pelvic region, similar to menstruation. But this symptom may also indicate such a serious pathology as an ectopic pregnancy.
• Increased amount of discharge from the genitals. This can usually occur during ovulation. Normal discharge is clear and odorless. With the appearance of a whitish shade or curdled structure, one can also assume thrush, which is a common problem for expectant mothers. But in this case, you cannot do without treatment. During the period of bearing a child, it is necessary to protect your body as much as possible from any, even such a safe disease.
• Increased or, on the contrary, decreased libido. Every woman experiences jumps in sex drive in one direction or the other due to hormonal changes in the body. Therefore, men should treat this with understanding, knowing that they have not become less loved, and these are just signs of pregnancy.
• Frequent urination, despite the fact that you do not drink more often and there are no inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. A similar phenomenon is associated with a slight relaxation of the sphincter of the bladder due to hormonal processes.And with the growth of the uterus and, accordingly, with the increase in pressure on the bladder, trips to the toilet will become even more frequent.

Additional pregnancy symptoms

There are also less obvious signs that can occur in the first trimester. These include:

• Strange desires . For example, at night I felt a strong desire for chocolate, and during the day for salted fish. Desires like these may not be just whims. If you wanted sour, then perhaps the body does not have enough vitamin C.You want to gnaw the wall with a calcium deficiency, and sniff gasoline – with a lack of iron, anemia.
• Constant irritability, tearfulness. The flow of hormones in a woman’s body in the early stages can make her unusually emotional. A so-called mood swing can be a clear sign of pregnancy.
• Swelling . Hormonal changes can cause a feeling of bloating in the abdomen, as at the beginning of the menstrual cycle.
• Spotting pale pink in color.This symptom is called implantation bleeding. This happens when a fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus – about 10-14 days after conception. Usually occurs during the normal time of the menstrual period. But not all women have such bleeding as a sign of normal pregnancy. Therefore, if you find deviations from the normal cycle, contact your gynecologist.
• Stool problems . Hormonal changes slow down the digestive system, which can lead to constipation.
• Food aversion . When you are pregnant, you may become more sensitive to certain smells and your sense of taste may change. Like most other symptoms, these food preferences can be attributed to hormonal changes.
• Nasal congestion . An increase in hormone levels and blood production can lead to swelling of the nasal mucosa. This can cause congestion or runny nose, nosebleeds.

If you are pregnant

Unfortunately, many of these signs and symptoms are not unique to pregnancy.Some of them may indicate that a woman is developing a disease or menstruation will soon begin. Plus, you can be pregnant without experiencing any of these symptoms!

But if you have a delay in your period and you are experiencing at least one of the listed symptoms, just do the test at home. And if the result is positive, consult a doctor. The sooner your pregnancy is confirmed, the sooner you can start prenatal preparation. The higher the percentage of birth of a healthy strong baby.

90,000 FIRST SIGNS OF PREGNANCY

FIRST SIGNS OF PREGNANCY

All girls have heard about the first signs of pregnancy, the so-called discharge .

What are the other signs to understand whether you got pregnant or not? Let’s say you have had a long delay in your menstrual cycle. Time flies, and menstrual bleeding does not start. In this case, you will systematically feel nausea, while the mammary glands seem heavy to you.

In addition to discharge, another sign of pregnancy is the constant desire for sleep. The everyday activities of the people around you are annoying, and you also become very nervous about the presence of certain odors.

In addition to discharge, an increase in appetite is also the first sign of pregnancy. The food begins to evaporate from your refrigerator at an astonishing rate and in a wide variety of ingredient combinations. At the same time, salivation may still flow, and the number of midnight trips to the toilet will also increase.During the day, too, you can’t walk for a long time, this is problematic due to the constant desire to urinate.

All these secretions and other signs may be present both together and separately. Often a woman talks about a delay in the menstrual cycle in the absence of any deviations in her health.

There is an accessible and easy way to clarify these facts. Of course, no method will give you one hundred percent guarantees. You can get a reliable 100% conclusion only after examination by a gynecologist and a special diagnosis (examination).However, when the first signs of pregnancy (discharge, etc.) appear in the initial 10-12 days of the deviation of the menstrual cycle from chronology, even in a good clinic, you will not be able to guarantee the results of studies to determine pregnancy.

If menstruation did not start at the expected time, then wait until morning to measure the body temperature in the rectum. A regular thermometer (medical, of course) is inserted into the rectum as soon as you wake up. Do not get out of bed while performing this operation.Doctors advise to prepare a thermometer in the evening and put it near the bed.

You need to sleep more than 6 hours. The thermometer is inserted behind the muscle that compresses the anus. The insertion depth of the thermometer is 2 centimeters, and the measurement time is from five to seven minutes. Record the measurement results. Take body temperature measurements every day for 7-10 days. If the temperature is most often more than 37 C, then this indicates the presence of the first signs of pregnancy.

In the absence of menstruation for 3 or more days, as well as in the presence of the first signs of pregnancy (discharge), gynecologists recommend doing a test to determine early pregnancy (most of the tests that are available on the market record the presence of pregnancy already on the 1st day of delay !).They are easy to use and fairly reliable.

The confidence level of the test turns out to be much higher if it is carried out two or three times.

Outwardly, these tests are all different, but they are based on one chemical reaction to a specific hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin. This hormone is produced during pregnancy. The breakdown products of the hormone are excreted in the urine. The chemical that is used to drink the dough plate interacts with these products.

Check that the test has not expired. For the experiment, the purpose of which is the first signs of pregnancy (discharge, etc.) it is better to use morning urine. After sleep, the content of the hormone and its decay products in the female body increases. This means that the likelihood that the tester will find it increases. If you are a person who does not trust such tests, then as an option, you can do a urinalysis to quantify the content of hCG.Although, this analysis is not carried out by every diagnostic and treatment center.

Let’s say 3-4 weeks have passed, the temperature in the rectum is systematically over 37 degrees, and the test to determine the signs of pregnancy 2 times gave a positive result. At the same time, you feel great, there are no subjective disorders and you are full of strength. There may even be an emotional upsurge. Do you need a female consultation to determine the first signs of pregnancy? I need it. To begin with, to confirm that the pregnancy is uterine, as well as that the ovum was formed precisely in the uterine cavity.

In the normal course of pregnancy, fertilization occurs in the very cavity of the uterus. After all, the fertilized egg must reach the implantation site (through the fallopian tube). If on the way of the ovum there are any obstacles (narrowing in the fallopian tube or in the tubal corner of the uterus), as well as if the fertilized egg moves for a very long time, or the egg is too large to pass the fallopian tube, then such an egg will not enter the uterine cavity.

In this case, an ectopic or ectopic pregnancy may appear and develop.Remember that an ectopic pregnancy in the very early period shows the same qualitative reactions as a uterine one. In general, the first signs of pregnancy, for example, discharge are universal for pregnancy in general.

A gynecologist can detect only indirect first signs of pregnancy, such as plethora of the external genital organs, a change in the color of the mucous membrane of the cervix and vagina. It turns blue (takes on a cyanotic hue). In addition, there may be a softening of the isthmus (the place where the body of the uterus and its cervix join).

In general, the body of the uterus can be very large and soft, and it can also appear asymmetric due to swelling in the place where the ovum has been introduced.

The appendages of the uterus are palpated (palpated) by a gynecologist. Sometimes it happens that with a normally developing pregnancy, growths are found in the places of projection of the cervical appendages. These changes are usually reversible and the normal structure of the ovary is gradually restored. Such growths can manifest as corpus luteum or corpus luteum cysts.However, these formations can also be pathological.

To find out if this is so, you need to resort to other methods of determining the presence of discharge and other first signs of pregnancy.

The safest method is ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs. Depending on which research methodology is chosen (transvaginal or transabdominal), three weeks after conception, information can be obtained about the fact of pregnancy, as well as about its localization.

The modern level of development of medical equipment and techniques makes it possible to diagnose pregnancy, as well as to predict its further development. In addition to ultrasound, the expectant mother can undergo a test examination, which will reveal the likelihood of developing intrauterine pathologies in the baby, the appearance of genetic changes, and the risk of infection of the fetus.

But if the fertilized egg is in the uterus and the baby is positioned correctly, then you should be fine! With the help of ultrasound, you can see your unborn child, who already has the distinctive features of parents.

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the first signs of pregnancy

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What is Implant Bleeding? – IVF center Generation NEXT

How our body functions and what changes occur in it every month are always interesting. Especially during the period when we are pregnant or hoping to become pregnant. Almost certainly, we never monitor our condition as carefully and closely as during the period when we hope to become pregnant.From tiredness to mild nausea, the smallest signs are studied and checked for their significance. In this article, we will look at some of the most common bleeding problems during implantation. This problem is frightening and confusing if the desired pregnancy has already arrived.

Thus, we will try to figure out what are the symptoms and signs of implantation bleeding, how to recognize the earliest signs of implantation and pregnancy? This self-control in people undergoing supportive fertility treatment can be much stronger, which is understandable.In this context, we will consider whether any other symptoms of implantation during pregnancy should be expected, and if so, how.

What is implantation bleeding?

About 30-40% of women experience little blood loss after embryo implantation into the uterus. This phenomenon is known as implantation bleeding. Since this happens at the beginning of the cycle, it may even be the first sign that you are pregnant. Bleeding usually occurs in the first weeks of pregnancy, as the uterus is an organ rich in blood vessels that can be easily “damaged”.When the embryo adheres to the inner wall of the uterus, small veins and arteries that normally connect to the endometrium rupture, and this can cause bleeding. If this occurs, usually 6-10 days after fertilization, it usually coincides with the theoretical date of menstruation, and therefore can be confused with its onset. There is no set pattern, and implantation bleeding may occur in one or all pregnancies in a particular person.

How to recognize implantation bleeding?

The first question for many people is how to recognize that this is bleeding at implantation, and not just the beginning of a cycle, in other words, how are these types of bleeding different? The most common cause of confusion here is that bleeding occurs 10-14 days after conception, around the time that menstruation would have occurred if conception had not occurred.However, vaginal bleeding can occur at any time during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. Blood loss can last 1 to 3 days, and the volume of flow is usually less than during menstruation, although the color may be darker. It may appear as a light spot or light persistent bleeding, and the blood may or may not be mixed with mucus. The color can vary depending on how long it took to get out of the body. Fresh bleeding looks red, it can look pink or orange if mixed with other vaginal discharge, and old blood can look brown due to oxidation.

How severe can implantation bleeding be? Can implantation bleeding have clots?

Usually, bleeding that occurs as a result of the implantation of an embryo into the uterus manifests itself as a spot or slight bleeding. Usually it is not strong and does not have any clots, as in a normal cycle. If you suspect you may become pregnant and have heavy bleeding with clots, you should see your doctor as this could signal problems or even the beginning of a premature miscarriage.On the other hand, if you have no other reason to suspect that you are pregnant, this type of bleeding will most likely just be the beginning of your cycle.

What are the other symptoms of implantation in early pregnancy?

Since implantation bleeding only occurs in about a third of pregnancies, you are likely to be among the majority who do not experience it. However, your vigilance for signs and symptoms of successful implantation is probably still high on a massive scale! So what are the other early signs that you might be pregnant? They can include:

Morning sickness

This can begin as early as 4 weeks after conception (10-14 days after embryo transfer), although more often it occurs after about 6 weeks.Fortunately, for those who go through it, morning sickness is usually temporary and usually relieved by 16-20 weeks of gestation.

Sensitivity to odors and tastes

Sudden sensitivities to smell and taste can be a sign of early pregnancy and undoubtedly contributes to long-term stories about pregnancy “cravings” for certain foods. Both sensitivity and morning sickness are the result of hormonal changes in your body.

Frequent urination

It seems strange when your baby is very young, but the need to urinate more often in early pregnancy is one of the most common symptoms. It is also the result of hormonal changes that cause faster blood flow through the liver and kidneys to remove waste as efficiently as possible. In addition, the uterus enlarges rapidly even at this early stage of pregnancy and therefore puts pressure on the bladder more easily, especially at night.

Breast tenderness

The well-known symptom of breast tenderness is another sign of early pregnancy. This is the result of increased blood flow and fluid retention in the mammary glands against the background of a sharp increase in the level of female sex hormones in the blood serum.

Stomach cramps

Spasms can occur on their own or be accompanied by slight bleeding, which can be a signal for implantation.You might think that all these possible early signs and symptoms of pregnancy will help you to be easily confident in its onset. But the fact is that some symptoms are also present in some people as a harbinger of their normal monthly cycle in PMS. Thus, despite all possible prompts, the only way to be sure of pregnancy is to take a pregnancy test, and with it, confirm the pregnancy with your doctor.

Is the implantation bleeding the same when you are undergoing IVF treatment?

People undergoing IVF or any other supportive fertility treatment often wonder if the symptoms of pregnancy will be the same in the case of a successful embryo transfer and implantation.In a word, yes. Although some stages of IVF are stimulated with medication, and even though the actual union of the egg and sperm takes place in the laboratory, the end result is identical.

Let’s take a look at a summary of the steps that led to embryo implantation. The first step is ovarian stimulation, which causes the ovaries to produce a number of oocytes. Then, when the oocytes have reached a suitable stage of maturity, they are removed during ovarian puncture in order to fertilize them with prepared sperm in an embryological laboratory.This is the point at which fertilization takes place and embryos are formed. They are cultivated – “grow” in special incubators and undergo the necessary tests (if a genetic study of embryos is performed). The healthiest and most viable embryo is then transferred to the woman’s uterus. This, in a nutshell, is the final step in the process. Implanting the embryo into the uterine wall after it has been transferred is not part of the assisted reproduction process; it is something that happens naturally in the same way as in normal conception.This final stage is not guaranteed as a result of IVF treatment, just as unprotected sex during ovulation is not guaranteed to lead to pregnancy. This explains the absolute similarity of symptoms in the case of assisted reproduction and natural pregnancy that you can expect, including any bleeding during implantation.

“False pregnancy” in women. What is it?

False (imaginary) pregnancy has been described by doctors since the time of Hippocarat.In Latin, this phenomenon is called pseudocyesis. In this case, a woman can feel all the signs of pregnancy, but in fact there is no developing fetus in the uterus. Most often, this condition appears in suspicious and susceptible women, with a mobile psyche, an overly excitable central nervous system, who have experienced stress or shock.

False pregnancy sometimes occurs in those women who strongly want to have a child. It may be the other way around – fear of motherhood becomes the basis for her development.Patients who have suffered from infertility for many years and undergo long-term treatment for this often feel falsely pregnant. Reaching despair, they begin, through self-hypnosis, to look for symptoms that indicate pregnancy.

A hormonal imbalance can be the cause of a false pregnancy. Regular stress causes the body to produce a lot of pituitary hormones, the increase in the amount of which is observed in a real pregnancy.

In women, the mammary glands or uterus (“baby uterus”) may be lagging behind.In these conditions, doctors may prescribe a long course of hormonal drugs that lead to menstrual irregularities. The absence of menstruation is often mistaken for a sign of pregnancy.

A false pregnancy manifests itself in the same way as a real one.

Main (doubtful) signs of false pregnancy:

– Morning sickness or vomiting appears

– The perception of smells is enhanced, taste sensations and preferences change
– Mood swings occur
– In rare cases, a woman even feels the movements of a nonexistent fetus

The above signs are considered dubious because the woman herself talks about them.The situation becomes more convincing when probable signs appear. These include the following:

– Cessation of menses, long delays
– Enlargement and engorgement of the mammary glands, sometimes there is a characteristic pigmentation in the area of ​​the halo and nipples
– Possible colostrum-like nipple discharge
– The abdomen increases in size

The state of a false pregnancy is so similar to a real pregnancy that a woman is firmly convinced that she is expecting a child. Declaring her interesting position, she does not deceive anyone!

Most surprisingly, a urinary hCG test can also show a positive result. This fact will further convince a woman of the presence of a real pregnancy. However, hCG can also increase if there is a cyst, pelvic tumor, or some other pathology.

Sometimes women who are falsely pregnant may see two stripes on the test. This is possible if they are taking a course of fertility hormones that contain hCG.