Candidiasis (Yeast Infection) – Skin Disorders

By

Denise M. Aaron

, MD, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine

Reviewed/Revised Sep 2021 | Modified Sep 2022

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Candidiasis is infection with the yeast Candida.

• Candidiasis tends to occur in moist areas of the skin.

• Candidiasis may cause rashes, scaling, itching, and swelling.

• Doctors examine the affected areas and view skin samples under a microscope or in a culture.

• Antifungal creams or antifungal drugs given by mouth usually cure candidiasis.

(See also Overview of Fungal Skin Infections Overview of Fungal Skin Infections Fungi usually make their homes in moist areas of the body where skin surfaces meet: between the toes, in the genital area, and under the breasts. Common fungal skin infections are caused by… read more .)

Candida is a yeast that normally resides on the skin and in the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina and usually causes no harm. Under certain conditions, however, Candida can overgrow on mucous membranes and moist areas of the skin. Typical areas affected are the lining of the mouth, the groin, the armpits, the spaces between fingers and toes, on an uncircumcised penis, the skinfold under the breasts, the nails, and the skinfolds of the stomach. Yeast is a type of fungus.

Conditions that enable Candida to infect the skin include the following:

• Hot, humid weather

• Tight, synthetic underclothing

• Poor hygiene

• Infrequent diaper or undergarment changes, particularly in children and older people

• A weakened immune system resulting from diabetes, HIV infection/AIDS, or use of corticosteroids and other drugs that suppress the immune system

• Pregnancy, obesity, or use of antibiotics

• Other skin disorders such as intertrigo Intertrigo Intertrigo is irritation and breakdown of skin (maceration) in areas where two skin surfaces rub together. Sometimes bacterial or yeast infections develop. The diagnosis is based on the location… read more and psoriasis Psoriasis Psoriasis is a chronic, recurring disease that causes one or more raised, red patches that have silvery scales and a distinct border between the patch and normal skin. A problem with the immune… read more

People taking antibiotics may develop candidiasis because the antibiotics kill the bacteria that normally reside on the body, allowing Candida to grow unchecked. Corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation can also lower the body’s defenses against candidiasis. Inhaled corticosteroids, often used by people with asthma, sometimes cause candidiasis of the mouth. Pregnant women, people receiving cancer therapy drugs, obese people, and people with diabetes also are more likely to be infected by Candida.

In some people (usually people with a weakened immune system), Candida may invade deeper tissues as well as the blood, causing life-threatening systemic candidiasis Candidiasis Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by several species of the yeast Candida, especially Candida albicans. The most common type of candidiasis is a superficial infection of… read more .

Symptoms of candidiasis vary, depending on the location of the infection.

Infections in skinfolds (intertriginous infections) or in the navel usually cause a bright red rash, sometimes with breakdown of skin. Small pustules may appear, especially at the edges of the rash, and the rash may itch intensely or burn. A candidal rash around the anus may be raw, white or red, and itchy. Infants may develop a candidal diaper rash Diaper rash (diaper dermatitis) A rash is an abnormal change in the texture or color of the skin. Known causes of rashes include irritation, allergies, drugs, and bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. Rashes include redness… read more in the diaper area.

Vaginal candidiasis (vulvovaginitis, yeast infection— see Overview of Vaginitis (Vaginal Infection or Inflammation) Overview of Vaginitis (Vaginal Infection or Inflammation) Vaginal infections are one of the most common reasons women see their doctor, accounting for millions of visits each year. Vaginal infections are caused by infectious organisms (such as bacteria… read more ) is common, especially among women who are pregnant, have diabetes, or are taking antibiotics. Symptoms of these infections include a white or yellow cheeselike discharge from the vagina and burning, itching, and redness along the walls and external area of the vagina.

Penile candidiasis most often affects men with diabetes, uncircumcised men, or men whose female sex partners have vaginal candidiasis. Sometimes the rash may not cause any symptoms, but usually the infection causes a red, raw, itching, burning, or sometimes painful rash on the head of the penis.

Thrush is candidiasis inside the mouth Candidiasis Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by several species of the yeast Candida, especially Candida albicans. The most common type of candidiasis is a superficial infection of… read more . The creamy white patches typical of thrush cling to the tongue and sides of the mouth and may be painful. The patches can be scraped off with a finger or blunt object and may bleed when scraped. Thrush in otherwise healthy children is not unusual, but in adults it may signal a weakened immune system, possibly caused by cancer, diabetes, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The use of antibiotics that kill off competing bacteria increases the risk of developing thrush.

Perlèche is candidiasis at the corners of the mouth, which causes cracks and tiny fissures. It may stem from chronic lip licking, thumb sucking, ill-fitting dentures, or other conditions that make the corners of the mouth moist enough that yeast can grow.

Candidal paronychia Chronic Paronychia Chronic paronychia is recurring or persistent inflammation of the nail fold, typically of the fingernails. (See also Acute Paronychia.) Chronic paronychia occurs almost always in people whose… read more is candidiasis in the nail folds or cuticles, which causes painful redness and swelling ( see Onychomycosis Onychomycosis Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails. (See also Overview of Nail Disorders.) About 10% of people have onychomycosis, which most often affects the toenails rather than the fingernails… read more ) around the nail. In longstanding infection, the area underneath the nail may turn white or yellow, and the nail plate may separate from the nail bed (onycholysis Onycholysis The terms deformities and dystrophies are often used interchangeably, sometimes even by doctors. However, their meanings are slightly different. Deformities: Changes in nail shape… read more ). This disorder typically occurs in people with diabetes or a weakened immune system or in otherwise healthy people whose hands are subjected to frequent wetting or washing.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, a hereditary immunodeficiency disorder, is persistent or recurring infection with Candida (a fungus) due to malfunction of T cells (a type of white. .. read more causes red, pus-filled, crusted, and thickened areas that resemble psoriasis Psoriasis Psoriasis is a chronic, recurring disease that causes one or more raised, red patches that have silvery scales and a distinct border between the patch and normal skin. A problem with the immune… read more , especially on the nose and forehead. People who have this condition are also prone to thrush.

Usually, doctors can identify candidiasis by observing its distinctive rash or the thick, white, pasty residue it generates.

To confirm the diagnosis of candidiasis, doctors may scrape off some of the skin or residue with a scalpel or tongue depressor. The scraping Scrapings Doctors can identify many skin disorders simply by looking at the skin. A full skin examination includes examination of the scalp, nails, and mucous membranes. Sometimes the doctor uses a hand-held… read more sample is then examined under a microscope or placed in a culture medium Culture Doctors can identify many skin disorders simply by looking at the skin. A full skin examination includes examination of the scalp, nails, and mucous membranes. Sometimes the doctor uses a hand-held… read more (a substance that allows microorganisms to grow) to identify the specific fungus.

Treatment of candidiasis typically depends on the location of the infection. (See also table Some Antifungal Drugs Applied to the Skin (Topical Drugs) Some Antifungal Drugs Applied to the Skin (Topical Drugs) .)

Infections in skinfolds are treated with antifungal creams, powders, solutions, or other products that are applied directly to the skin (topical). Examples include miconazole, clotrimazole, oxiconazole, ketoconazole, econazole, ciclopirox, and nystatin. In healthy people, skinfold infections are usually easily cured. Keeping the skin dry helps clear up the infection and prevents it from returning. Solutions that dry out the skin (such as Burow solution) or topical antiperspirants help keep the surface area dry. Keeping the area dry may also help prevent a recurrence. People who have many infected skinfolds may be given drugs by mouth (such as fluconazole).

Vaginal candidiasis is treated with antifungal drugs that may be applied as a cream to the affected area, inserted into the vagina as a suppository, or taken by mouth (such as fluconazole).

Diaper rash is treated with more frequent changes of diapers, use of super-absorbent or ultra-absorbent disposable diapers, and a cream that contains an antifungal drug (for example, butoconazole, clotrimazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, or miconazole).

Candidal paronychia is treated by protecting the area from wetness. Doctors give antifungal drugs that are taken by mouth or applied to the skin. These infections are often difficult to treat.

Thrush in adults is treated with drugs that go directly in the mouth. An antifungal drug (such as clotrimazole) may be given as a tablet or lozenge that dissolves in the mouth. Doctors may also have people gargle with liquid nystatin for as long as possible and then spit it out or swallow it. Doctors may also give drugs in pill form that are swallowed (such as fluconazole).

Thrush in infants may be treated with liquid nystatin. The liquid can be applied with a finger or cotton swab to the cheek pouches inside the mouth.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is treated with fluconazole taken by mouth. This drug is taken for a long time.

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Yeast Infection On Skin Pictures

If you get symptoms of infection, such as warm, reddened skin or drainage, tell your healthcare provider. A secondary bacterial infection can happen, so monitor for spreading redness, or swelling, or pain.

Yeast Infection

Yeast is a fungus normally found on your skin. It’s also found in your digestive system. If you’re a woman, you also have yeast in your vaginal area. When too much yeast grows on your skin or other areas, it can cause an infection. This infection is also called candidiasis.

What causes a yeast infection?

A yeast infection can happen if your skin gets damaged. Yeast can also “overgrow” in warm or humid conditions. An infection can also happen if you have a weak immune system. Taking antibiotics can also cause an overgrowth of yeast. That’s because antibiotics kill the healthy bacteria in your body that normally keep the yeast in balance.

What are the risk factors for yeast infection?

Anyone can get a yeast infection. Those at higher risk for it include:

• Infants
• People who wear dentures
• People taking antibiotics
• People getting cancer treatment
• People with other health conditions, such as HIV or diabetes

What are the symptoms of a yeast infection?

The symptoms of a yeast infection depend on where it is located in the body. The chart below shows the most common symptoms of a yeast infection. But yours may be slightly different.

Location

Symptoms

Skin folds or navel

• Rash with redness and skin breakdown
• Patches that ooze clear fluid
• Pimples
• Itching or burning

Vagina

• White or yellow discharge from the vagina
• Itching
• Redness in the external area of the vagina
• Burning

Penis

• Redness on the underside of the penis
• Scaling on the underside of the penis
• Painful rash on the underside of the penis

Mouth (thrush)

• White patches on the tongue and inside of the cheeks
• Redness or soreness
• Difficulty swallowing may mean you have yeast in your esophagus

Corners of the mouth (angular cheilitis)

• Cracks and/or tiny cuts at the corners of the mouth

Nail beds

The symptoms of a yeast infection may look like other skin conditions. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

How is yeast infection diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. He or she will also give you a physical exam. He or she may scrape off a bit of skin or remove part of a nail and examine it to confirm the diagnosis.

How is yeast infection treated?

Your healthcare provider will consider your age, overall health, how widespread the infection is and other factors to determine your treatment.

Yeast infections can be easily treated with ointments or other anti-yeast (antifungal) creams.

• Yeast infections of the vagina or penis can be treated with creams or medicated suppositories. Sometimes an oral anti-yeast medicine is used.
• Yeast infection in the mouth (thrush) may be treated with a medicated mouthwash. Or it may be treated with lozenges that dissolve in the mouth.
• If you have a severe infection and have a weak immune system, you may need to take an oral anti-yeast medicine.
• Esophageal yeast infections are usually treated with oral or intravenous anti-yeast medicines.
• Yeast infections of the nails are treated with an oral anti-yeast medicine.
• Yeast infections in the skin folds can be treated with anti-yeast powders.

Can a yeast infection be prevented?

You can prevent some yeast infections by doing these things:

• Use good oral hygiene to help prevent yeast infection in your mouth (thrush). This includes brushing and flossing your teeth every day and using mouthwash as needed.
• Wear cotton underwear to help to prevent a vaginal or genital yeast infection. If you are a woman and get vaginal yeast infections often, you may want to take probiotics.
• Keep areas where skin rubs up against skin dry and try to reduce friction.

When should I call my healthcare provider?

If you get symptoms of infection, such as warm, reddened skin or drainage, tell your healthcare provider. A secondary bacterial infection can happen, so monitor for spreading redness, or swelling, or pain.

Key points about yeast infection

• Yeast infection is caused by yeast on the skin or mucous membranes.
• The symptoms of a yeast infection depend on where it happens on your body. Common symptoms are a rash, white discharge, or itching.
• Yeast infections are treated with medicated ointments or other anti-yeast (antifungal) preparations.

Next steps

• Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
• At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you.
• Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are.
• Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.
• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
• Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.

Find a Doctor

• Pediatric Dermatology
• Atopic Dermatitis
• Allergic Rashes

• Allergic Contact Dermatitis
• Dermatomyositis
• Dermatology
• Dermatoimmunology
• Dermabrasion

At Another Johns Hopkins Member Hospital:

• Howard County General Hospital
• Sibley Memorial Hospital
• Suburban Hospital

Find a Treatment Center

Find Additional Treatment Centers at:

• Howard County General Hospital
• Sibley Memorial Hospital
• Suburban Hospital

Yeast Infection on Skin: Pictures, Causes, Symptoms, Remedy

Yeast infection is a condition in which a naturally existing candida on the skin with a species referred to candida albicans grow beyond normal conditions due to some circumstances that compromise its normal state. When it affects the skin, yeast infection is commonly referred to as candidiasis. Yeast infection is a very common condition and it can affect any one regardless of the skin type or color so long as the conditions that support the overgrowth of naturally existing yeast are present.

Yeast Infection on Skin Types

There are many species of candida that exists on the skin. Some of these candida yeast infections can be explained as follows:

This is the softening of the skin that has deep creases around the angles of your mouth

This is a candida infection that takes place either in the mouth or throat. It is usually seen as white patches in the mouth or in the throat. Conditions that make people to be exposed to oral thrush may include having chronic diseases such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and cancer. Also, if you use systemic corticosteroids or any other medications that can suppress your immune system, you are at risk of thrush.

This is a yeast infection that involves the irritation of the skin folds. It usually appears in areas that are moist, warm and dark such as underarm, under breasts or in the groin. Also, folds of the skin are at risk of these types of yeast infection. This is why people who are obese are known to be the most affected by this candida in their folds. Also, any break down, cut or cracks on the skin can allow the infection to take place in the area.

This usually affects children who are still using diapers. It is usually seen in areas where the diaper covers on the skin. This is because of the moisture that is brought about by diapers.

It usually result from excessive sweating, or use of antibiotics or failure to hover around which may result in skin occlusion. It may be seen mostly in people with diabetes and are not moving around.

This is a candida infection that takes place in the vaginal tract. Candida albicans fungus is a common cause of this infection and may be identified by itchiness and burning after urination or sex. It can also be referred to as feminine yeast infection.
There is many other more yeast infection species that we have not talked about by you can find them on the links we have given at the end of this post. In case you want to know about this, just click on the links and they will direct you effectively.

Yeast Infection on Skin Causes

As we have said above, candida is a strain of fungus that may result in an infection on your skin and some other areas of the body. Yeast normally exists on your skin in a harmless state and it is being put in control by good bacteria that also naturally exist on the skin.

When the good bacteria are no longer good or problems arise with your immune system, the yeast may begin to multiply and therefore result in an overgrowth. Researchers have found that there are more than 150 species of candida that exist. However, most of the candida infections are caused by a candida albicans species.

Factors that facilitate yeast infection on skin

Usually, if you do not practice good hygiene such as cleaning your mouth every time you have finished eating or taking a bathe daily or after a sweaty work you are at risk of getting yeast infection on your skin. This is because, yeast infection likes taking place in moist areas that are warm. When you don’t wash your skin always so that you reduce the warmth and remove the moisture you may end up promoting yeast infection on the skin.

Usually, diabetes is a condition that affects the balance of blood sugar levels in the body and therefore it can sometimes cause an overgrowth of candida. When someone is diabetic, he/she may sometimes see yeast infection on different areas of the body especially in areas which are always warm and moist.

Obesity is also referred to as being overweight. This condition usually increases the rate at which a person develops skin folds on the body and as we discussed above in this con text, skin folds are the best sights for yeast infection. This is because, these areas are mostly moist and warm thereby allowing a good condition that facilitates yeast infection.

While breast feeding there are higher chances that some moisture or milk may spill under your breast. When this happen, a mother can get yeast infection in this areas.

When you do not consider observing your diet, or maintaining healthy living, you may be on the verge of developing yeast infection on the skin. for example, when you increase the use of foods that are highly rich in glucose or sugar, this means that you provide candida with enough food to overgrow. Also junk foods are not always good when used frequently.

Yeast infection on the skin is usually very common in people who have defenseless immune system may be due to diseases such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or TB. When you have a weak immune system, it means your body cannot protect itself from any opportunistic attack such as candida infection.

Other conditions that facilitate the spread of candida very easily include the use of oral contraceptives, steroids and over use of antibiotics. In case any use of drug is causing you other side effects, you can talk to your doctor to find out if you will change the drug or stop the use of the said drug.

It is revealed that women are mostly at risk of developing yeast infection on skin during menopause or perimenopause. This is because during this time there is increased decline in the hormone level in the body which thins their vaginal wall, therefore causing vaginal yeast infection.

Yeast Infection on Skin Pictures

Below, we have discussed about the signs and symptoms that are usually common when it comes to yeast infection the skin. However, we have provided pictures of this condition that in some of the areas of the body. You may have a look at them so that you are able to know how severe your condition or your loved one condition is and therefore choose one of the treatments you can use as we have outlined them below.

Fungal Infection on Skin Symptoms

Yeast infection on the skin may be identified differently according to the area of the body that it has formed. There are many symptoms that yeast infection on skin can cause and recognizing the symptoms may help to know that you are under an infection. Some of the signs and symptoms of yeast infection that can be seen are as follows:

• Rashes on the affected area
• White or red patches in areas that have altered surface
• You may realize a white flaky substance falling off from the affected area
• Scaling or shedding of the skin with flakes from the affected area
• The red rash may start turning black to appear as a burn
• A cracked skin
• Soreness, itchiness, irritation and burning from the area
• Erythema, that may cause the area to appear red
• Maceration, also known as the appearance of a white soft skin
• Formation of creamy satellite pustules on the margins or the affected area. They may be filled with pus or clear fluid in some cases
• For oral thrush, you may be seen with red or white lesions in the affected areas of the mouth

These symptoms are very important as they are used by a doctor in the examination room while diagnosing yeast infection to ascertain that you are suffering from candida. Also, the symptoms may worsen as the condition is not treated in type. Therefore make sure you find out the best treatment available for you in time so that your condition is brought under control.

Yeast Imbalance on Skin

Usually, candida is a normal resident of the mouth, digestive tract, vagina and some areas of the outer skin in a harmless state. Also, there exist good bacteria on the skin that helps in keeping the yeast and control hence preventing it from overgrowing. Candida can overgrow in on the mucous membrane and moist areas of the skin. As we stated above, some of these areas include the mouth lining groin in between toes or fingers, and the armpits. Also folds of the skin more so in people who are obese may be potential areas for yeast infection.
The imbalance of the naturally existing yeast in the body is caused by the imbalance of the naturally existing good bacteria. This is because, yeast balance on the skin is controlled by these good bacteria. There are numerous conditions in the body that result to this imbalance most of which we have talked about above. These include weak immune system, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and many more.

Yeast Infection on Skin Home Remedy

Yeast infection on the skin is not usually a condition that calls for an emergency attention and therefore it can be treated successively at the comfort of your home. The first thing you should do at home is making sure that all factors that increase the risk of getting yeast infection on skin are brought under control. There are many home treatments that can be used while dealing with candida infection on the skin as we are going to discuss below.
Home remedies for yeast infection on skin

This remedy is said to contain lactobacillus acidophilus that is useful when it comes to straining bacteria that is present in yogurt and this can help in controlling the growth of yeast infection in your body. It is only advised to use a natural yogurt that does not have sugar and flavors. You can drink a glass of yogurt daily while you apply some directly on the affected area for the better results.

Coconut oil is said to contain antifungal properties that are very effective when it comes to dealing with fungi that is responsible for yeast infection on skin. You can use coconut oil by applying it directly on the affected area twice a day after you clean the area and pat it clean.
On the other hand you can mix coconut oil with cinnamon oil in equal portions and apply on the affected area of the skin where there is yeast overgrowth. In case you have oral thrush, you are advised to swish the oil in the mouth for about 1 minute with teat tree oil before you spit it out.

This remedy is said to contain some properties that are very effective when it comes to dealing with yeast infection on the skin. it has been proved to do great job when it comes to dealing with fungal infections on the skin. you just have to mix two spoonful of organic apple cider vinegar with warm water and drink daily for a period of one week.

This is a herb that is well-known when it comes to dealing with numerous conditions in the body. It contains antifungal and antibacterial properties that make it useful when it comes to dealing with bacterial and fungal infections in the body. Therefore, you can use it when dealing with yeast infection on skin.
When dealing with skin yeast infection, you just have to crush a few cloves of garlic to make a paste and apply it directly on the affected area.

This is a chemical substance that contains a little content of antiseptic and antifungal properties that are very essential when dealing with infections such as yeast infection on the skin. however, this home remedy is not recommended to women who are pregnant. You have to dilute this acid with some water before applying on the affected area.

This is a well-known antifungal agent that is very helpful when it comes to dealing with fungal related infection on the body. Also, pregnant women are not advised to use this remedy as it may be harmful to the unborn baby. Dilute the oil with some water before applying it directly on the affected area.

Yeast Infection on Skin Treatment

Treatment of candida infection on the skin is normally very simple. It may be presented according to the area that is affected. For example, treatment that is carried in the mouth is normally not the same as treatment carried on the skin for the same condition.

This condition may not lead you to be hospitalized unless it is caused by other underlying conditions such as diabetes and weak immune system or it has spread into your bloodstreams.
You may be advised by your medical provider to use some drying anti-fungal agents that are available in creams, ointments and lotions which you can apply on the skin specifically on the affected area. Also you may use suppositories and oral medications that may help.

There is a class of topical anti-fungal drugs that is commonly known as azoles that can be applied on top of the skin. They are usually available in form of ointments, tablets and creams. Tablets may be used in case you have a skin that is very sensitive to allergy. These types of antifungals are said not to have serious side effects as compared to nystatin or amphotericin B.
Different drugs may be used according to the affected area on the skin. It is very important to get advice from your medical provider after he/she has examined your condition. Some of the treatments may be as follows:

• You may be advised on vaginal gels and creams such as miconazole in case you are suffering from vaginal candida infection
• Oral thrush on the other hand is treated by use of antifungal drugs that are in form of lozenges, tablets or liquid mouth wash.
• For athlete’s foot, you may be advised on the use of antifungal sprays, powders and ointments
• If you have a serious condition of yeast infection, you may be treated by use of oral drugs or intravenous medications.

You may be advised to use the medication either once or twice every day. In case you are pregnant, there are some medications such as miconazole and clotrimazole that can be effectively be used by a woman who is on her third trimester of pregnancy. However, it is important to makes sure that your clinical officer is aware about this.
More references

1. Yeast infection skin rash treatment: http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/yeast-infection-skin-rash-treatment#1
2. Yeast infection skin rash: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/yeast_infection_skin_rash/page7_em.htm
3. Candida fungus infection: http://www.healthline.com/health/skin/candida-fungus#overview1

Skin candidiasis – daily symptoms in children and adults, diagnosis and treatment

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Candidiasis of the skin: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Definition

Skin candidiasis is an infectious skin disease caused by microscopic fungi of the genus Candida (most often Candida albicans ).

Causes of skin candidiasis

Candida albicans is believed to be the cause of almost 70-80% of cases of candidiasis. In addition to it, C. glabrata , C. tropicalis , C. krusei , and C. Dubliniensis , can cause skin candidiasis, but incomparably less often.

The fungus Candida is normally present on the skin and mucous membranes without causing harm. However, with a prolonged increase in humidity, thermal exposure and violation of the protective mechanisms of the skin, the pathogen begins to multiply rapidly.

There are risk factors that contribute to the manifestation of skin candidiasis:

• hot weather,
• tight clothing made of synthetic fabrics,
• non-compliance with personal hygiene,
• violation of microflora as a result of antibiotic therapy,
• inflammatory processes in skin folds,
• taking corticosteroids and immunosuppressants,
• diabetes mellitus and other endocrine disorders (eg, Cushing’s disease), HIV/AIDS, or T cell defects.

Classification

• Candidal lesions of the lips and mouth.
• Smooth skin lesion.
• Damage to large folds.
• Interdigital candidiasis.
• Candidal lesions of the palms and soles.
• Candidal balanoposthitis.
• Chronic generalized candidiasis (candidiasis granuloma).

There are several forms of candidiasis:

• Carriage. There are no clinical manifestations of candidiasis.
• Sharp. Accompanied by itching, rashes.
• Chronic. Characterized by the remission of symptoms and their re-manifestation. It develops in case of improper and prolonged treatment with antibiotics.

Symptoms of skin candidiasis

The disease is manifested by small vesicles, sometimes with purulent contents, which open with the formation of erosions. Erosions quickly increase, merge with each other, forming extensive areas of damage. Foci of candidiasis have a dark red color and a moist surface. Fresh small erosions form around large foci. In children, the first signs of candidiasis usually appear in the folds of the skin, from where they already spread to the skin of the thighs, buttocks, and abdomen. There may be painful cracks in the depth of the folds.

Candidiasis of smooth skin in children may resemble seborrheic dermatitis with itchy nodules and erosions. In adults, the disease can manifest as red spots with peeling in the center and small vesicles along the periphery.

Interdigital candidal erosion is observed mainly in persons who have prolonged contact with water, which contributes to skin maceration (waterlogging of the skin with its characteristic swelling). Patients are concerned about itching, burning, and in the presence of cracks – soreness.

In lactating women, candidiasis of the smooth skin of the nipples may develop in the form of hyperemia, maceration and small bubbles in the areola of the nipple.

Candidiasis of the palms can proceed according to the type of dry lamellar dyshidrosis (surface lamellar peeling) and have a vesicular-pustular form (vesicles and pustules against the background of hyperemic and edematous skin). Less commonly, the disease resembles hyperkeratotic eczema – against the background of diffuse hyperkeratosis or individual areas of keratinized skin, sharply demarcated wide skin furrows are observed that have a dirty brown color.

Candidiasis of the skin of the soles is observed mainly in children and is characterized by the presence of small vesicles and pustules, hyperemic spots with peeling and exfoliating waterlogged epidermis along the edges.

In chronic generalized (granulomatous) candidiasis, clinical manifestations on the skin can be varied.

Candida balanoposthitis (an inflammatory disease that affects the glans penis and the inner layer of the foreskin) can be mild with slight lamellar peeling or be more pronounced when there is hyperemia, maceration, erosion on the skin of the glans penis and the inner layer of the preputial sac, and also in the coronal sulcus on the contact surfaces. Erosions can merge and form foci with clear boundaries and a shiny surface. Subjectively, patients are concerned about itching and burning. The disease can be complicated by ulceration and the development of phimosis.

Diagnosis of skin candidiasis

On examination, the doctor reveals inflamed areas of the skin, delimited by waterlogged epidermis.

The diagnostic search algorithm for candidiasis of any localization includes taking material from the affected area, followed by microscopy, seeding to determine the type of fungus and its sensitivity to antimycotic (antifungal) drugs.

Candida, determination of DNA (Candida albicans, DNA) in skin epithelial cell scrapings.

Candida, determination of DNA (Candida albicans, DNA) in scraping of epithelial skin cells

Synonyms: Candida DNA in a scraping of epithelial skin cells; Scraping of epithelial skin cells for candida.

Candida albicans, DNA testing; Candida albicans REAL-TIME PCR DNA, scraping of skin epithelial cells; . ..

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Determination of antibodies of the IgG class to Candida.

Candida IgG

An indicator of the immune response used in the diagnosis of invasive forms of candidiasis.

Fungi of the genus Candida (most often Candida albicans) are ubiquitous. They are present…

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The quantitative determination of Candida is of diagnostic value, since the presence of a small number of Candida fungi is the norm.

Identification of the causative agent of skin candidiasis and determination of its sensitivity to antifungal drugs is carried out by sowing the scraping biomaterial.

Yeast Culture. Identification and Antimycotic Susceptibility testing (Yeast Culture. Identification and Antimycotic Susceptibility testing)

Isolated pathogens: yeast-like fungi (genus Candida, Cryptococcus and others). Material for examination: depending on the type of suspected infection, urine is examined…

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With candidiasis of smooth skin of large folds and outside the folds, the disease should be differentiated from seborrheic eczema, psoriasis and other mycoses.

Which doctors to contact

A dermatologist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of skin candidiasis.

Treatment of skin candidiasis

Small lesions of smooth skin can be treated with topical antimycotic (antifungal) agents.

In recent years, azole preparations with a wide spectrum of action, as well as polyene antibiotics, have been used in the treatment of candidiasis.

In case of candidiasis of smooth skin of large folds with acute inflammation, treatment should be started with the use of an aqueous solution of brilliant green (1-2%) in combination with powder and carried out for 2-3 days. Then antimycotic drugs are prescribed: a cream or ointment is applied in a thin layer to the lesions 1-2 times a day. Treatment is continued until resolution of clinical manifestations, plus another 7 days to prevent relapse.

With widespread processes on the skin and the ineffectiveness of local therapy, antifungal agents of systemic action are prescribed: The duration of therapy is 2-4 weeks.

Complications

With a long course, the acute form of candidiasis can turn into a chronic one, which is extremely difficult to treat.

Prevention of skin candidiasis

There is no specific prevention of candidiasis of the skin. Of the generally accepted means of prevention, it should be noted the standard skin hygiene, the priority of underwear and clothing made from natural fabrics.

Sources:

1. Butov Yu.S. Dermatovenereology. National leadership. Brief edition / ed. Yu.S. Butova, Yu.K. Skripkina, O.L. Ivanova – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2017. – 896 p.
2. Infectious diseases. National leadership / N.D. Yushchuk, Yu.Ya. Vengerov. – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. – 1112 p.
3. Zachinyaeva A.V. Medical mycology / Zachinyaeva A.V., Moskalev A.V., Andreev V.A., Sboychakov V.B. – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. – 288 p.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes in dynamics, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

Vaginal candidiasis – treatment of vaginal candidiasis in women in the Azbuka Zdorovya clinic

What is vaginal candidiasis

Vaginal or vaginal candidiasis is an inflammatory disease when the mucous membrane of the woman’s vagina becomes inflamed. As a rule, this disease is caused due to the presence of Candida yeast-like fungi (lat. “Candida albicans”). By itself, the type of fungus is harmless.

People call the disease thrush. It is an extremely common disease that affects women all over the world. The fungus of the genus Candida will get on the skin of a person and on his mucous membranes even at the time of birth, during the passage of the child through the birth canal. Consequently, this fungus remains our companion throughout life. At low concentrations, the fungus does not cause any harm. However, Candida manifests its pathogenicity only with a decrease in immunity.

Symptoms of vaginal candidiasis

Typically, women with candidiasis complain of a cheesy, white, sometimes sticky vaginal discharge. The most common symptom is itching (colpitis), which increases during long walking and running, during the menstrual cycle. There are also unpleasant pain sensations during intercourse and urination. More than 30% of patients have redness of the external genitalia. Despite the fact that thrush is most often transmitted sexually, the World Health Organization does not name this cause of the disease as the main one.

The disease occurs over a long period of time. It can be accompanied by exacerbations and latent asymptomatic conditions. Our clinic provides fast and effective medical care. Qualified doctors prescribe the most optimal course of treatment for patients and patients.

Forms of vaginal candidiasis

A mild form of the disease does not cause significant harm to the functioning of the genital organs. At the same time, candidiasis lowers the level of self-esteem, presents a lot of discomfort and interferes with a normal sexual life.

The first form of the disease is called true. Pathology manifests itself not only in burning and itching in the vulva, but also in vaginal hyperemia, discomfort and pain after urination or intercourse. The true form of vaginal candidiasis is accompanied by discharge without a characteristic odor.

There is such a form of the disease as candidiasis. It is not so painful and in more than 50% of cases proceeds without any symptoms. The patient can observe rare periods of exacerbation, flowing into a prolonged remission.

Finally, there is also a mixed or combined form of infection. In this case, vaginal candidiasis is combined with a bacterial infection. The aggressive impact of non-sporogenic polymicrobial organisms lowers the acid-base balance of the vaginal environment. The discharge becomes foamy and has an unpleasant specific odor, reminiscent of the smell of rotten seafood. The combined form of the disease can cause inflammatory complications, especially dangerous during pregnancy.

Causes of vaginal candidiasis

There are several “favorable” conditions for the appearance of thrush in a woman. As a rule, vaginal candidiasis occurs:

• due to a sharp decrease in immunity;
• after taking a course of antibiotics;
• with an improper diet and untimely nutrition, the predominance of fast carbohydrates (sweet, starchy foods) and the absence of vitamins in the diet;
• during an artificial hormonal imbalance due to the use of hormonal drugs and oral contraceptives;
• for ovarian and thyroid dysfunction;
• during pregnancy;
• for iron deficiency.

Also, the appearance of vaginal candidiasis in women and candidal balanoposthitis in men can have domestic origins. So, wearing tight and tight shorts made of synthetic fabric creates favorable conditions for the growth of the number of fungi. Such underwear does not allow heat and moisture to pass through, does not meet hygiene requirements, and therefore can easily create a breeding ground for new fungi.

The use of tampons in hot and humid weather can also trigger the onset of illness. In addition, the constant use of deodorants in the genital area and bath salts can be a factor that pushes candida to multiply.

Candidiasis in men and children

The disease occurs not only among women, but also among the stronger sex, although much less frequently. Candidiasis in men has obvious, but still not such sharp signs of the disease, which can occur in women. The male half of the population may have itching and some soreness of the external genitalia, a whitish coating on the glans penis. The male disease is called candidal balanoposthitis or urogenital candidiasis. A harmless fungus is found on the skin of the genital organs in about 15 – 17% of men, while the reproduction of the fungus begins as a result of sexual intercourse with a female carrier of the disease. Doctors have proven that men with diabetes, obesity and low immunity are most susceptible to candidiasis.

Sometimes candidiasis occurs even in newborns, however, in most cases it spreads in the mouth and not on the genitals (candidiasis stomatitis).

Complications and consequences of vaginal candidiasis

Thrush can cause psychological problems of a sexual nature due to a lack of understanding of the partner and / or his unwillingness to participate in treatment. Negligence in the treatment of the disease can lead to prolonged depression and many years of expensive treatment.

Vaginal candidiasis is dangerous due to damage to the skin areas in the genital area, an increased risk of severe infections during the period when the body is weakened. Quite often, a neglected form of thrush passes into the stage of a chronic disease, and then this form of the disease involves internal organs in the pathological process. Candida invades deeper into the submucosal layer. First of all, the fungus damages nearby organs: the patient’s bladder and intestines. Damage to the genitourinary organs and depression of the condition by other associated infections can develop into kidney disease.

If nearby organs have been operated on, there is a risk of complications after surgery. With untimely treatment, pregnant women infect their fetus with thrush, which can result in abscesses in the mouth of the newborn. In addition, it is quite problematic to conceive a child during an illness. Changes in the acid-base environment of the vagina do not allow sperm to survive: they simply do not have time to fertilize the egg.

Diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis

Vaginal candidiasis is easily diagnosed. At the same time, the presence and properties of Candida fungi do not represent a diagnostic value, only their number is important. It is quickly and well detected in ordinary smears, which are taken from a woman’s vagina for laboratory research by a gynecologist. The most common are bacteriological and microscopic studies of Candida albicans plaque using modern equipment. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the patient must pass a urine and blood test for sugar levels. Candidiasis can be a sign that you have diabetes, so a comprehensive examination is recommended. It may be necessary to donate blood for HIV and smears for urogenital infections, as well as to carry out PCR diagnostics.

If you are experiencing symptoms of thrush for the first time, a full diagnosis is required as soon as possible. Also, if you have more than 3 episodes of illness in 1 year and 2 episodes in 3 months, this should be a serious cause for concern. Contact our clinic if the symptoms do not disappear – we will definitely help you. A competent doctor will prescribe the drug in an individual dosage that is optimal for your body. An effective dosage will not harm other organs and does not stimulate the development of side effects, while at the same time, it is guaranteed to help you defeat the disease. We accept patients of any age, as the disease can progress even in children under 12 and in women over 60.

At the Azbuka Zdorovya family medicine clinic, a gynecologist will be able to diagnose other diseases based on test results. So, our specialists carry out effective treatment of gonorrhea and other infectious venereal diseases in women and men.

Methods of treatment and prevention of vaginal candidiasis

Today, in order to treat women from vaginal candidiasis, our clinic uses low-toxic and fairly effective drugs. For local treatment, qualified doctors of our clinic use special suppositories and creams that contain antifungal components. All drugs offered by our doctors are highly effective, they are evenly and quickly distributed over the walls of the vagina. However, the most effective treatment will be to take the medicines by mouth and into the vagina at the same time. In addition to increased efficiency, this method of treatment minimizes the possibility of relapse.

In some cases, treatment is supplemented with immuno- and physiotherapy, preparations of competing microorganisms (colibacterin, lactobacterin, lactic acid bacteria). From a scientific point of view, the effectiveness of these drugs has not been fully studied, but in practice their use has a point positive effect.

In addition to direct treatment, the disease needs timely prevention – elimination of the causes of vaginal candidiasis:

• normalize the microflora of your genital organs, using drugs containing live cultures of lactobacilli;
• normalize the acidity of the vagina, giving up junk food, unfiltered water, and less nervous;
• take care of intestinal health and cure dysbacteriosis;
• stimulate the immune system with vitamins and wellness treatments, as well as sports or gymnastics in clothes specially designed for this;
• Normalize your metabolism with a properly constructed diet;
• Minimize antibiotic use if possible, in consultation with your healthcare professional.

Do not forget to drink vitamin complexes prescribed by your doctor to increase the overall level of immunity. Due to the fact that thrush can affect the intestines, B vitamins in the form of tablets or injections are required. Avoid using synthetic underwear and replace it with natural fabrics such as cotton.

With regard to recurrent vaginal candidiasis occurring more than 4 times a year, the following can be indicated here. It is necessary to undergo an examination for endocrine diseases, as well as other chronic diseases, as early as possible. It is important to examine the organs adjacent to the urethra, primarily the intestines and bladder. Most likely, the doctor will prescribe crops (bacteriological studies), the purpose of which is to determine the body’s response to certain antifungal drugs. Treatment of the chronic form is usually carried out with several drugs for a longer time than the treatment of the primary disease. Candles or vaginal tablets should be taken according to an individual regimen, usually for several months. In some cases, periodic observations are necessary with a gynecologist, as well as a doctor who controls the process of treating the organ that is the focus of infection.

Recurrence of thrush can also be caused by chronic intoxication with alcohol or drugs. Patients taking phenylbutazone, tranquilizers, metronidazole fall into the zone of increased risk. The cause of relapses may be untreated tuberculosis, colitis, anacid gastritis, pneumonia and other diseases.

The effectiveness of the completed course of treatment is usually determined by bacteriological examination. The waiting time for the result is on average 1-2 days.

Drugs to treat vaginal candidiasis

Because the disease is contagious, drugs are prescribed that are treated in a similar way to other vaginal infections. After the diagnosis is established, the doctor usually prescribes antifungal drugs. Do not try to self-medicate, it is better to sign up for a consultation with a gynecologist in Moscow.

Mild thrush is treated topically. Currently, it is customary to allocate drugs of the old and new generation. The vast majority of doctors recommend the use of modern complexes consisting of a combination of tablets and vaginal suppositories, as well as drugs for long-term use and action. They are prescribed by a competent physician and must be taken according to strictly organized schemes.

The best-known medicines in this segment are Clotrimazole sold in pharmacies under various trade names: Kanesten, Kanizol, Antifungol. This is a common drug that has been proving its effectiveness for many years. Nystatin (brand name), aka Polygynax and Terzhinan, is a less effective drug that has been replaced in recent years by stronger analogues. In the course of the last decades, Candida fungi have developed resistance to this drug.

Macmirror Complex is a drug based on nystatin, but with the addition of nifuratel, which has a synergistic effect and enhances the action of nystatin by 2 times. In addition to the listed drugs, in pharmacies you can find tablets and suppositories such as Cyclopirox (Dafnedzhin), Isoconazole (Gyno-travogen Ovulum), Miconazole (Ginezol 7, Gyno-dactarin, Klion-D 100), Ketoconazole (Nizoral, Dermazole, Livarol ). The names of these drugs are given strictly for informational purposes – do not self-medicate, it is best to consult a doctor.

To enhance the effect of the use of local agents, parenteral administration of antimycotic agents is allowed. Also, the use of systemic drugs is relevant in the event of allergic reactions and rashes due to long-term use of local remedies. A complete cure is possible with a single oral dose of fluconazole. However, the modern inventions of “one-shot” cures are not a panacea and do not protect against future relapse. In pharmacies, this remedy is known as Diflazon, Diflucan, Mikomax, Forkan, Flucostat, and also under a number of other names.

Some physicians adhere to a conservative method of treatment and prescribe an ineffective 5-10% solution of borax in glycerin.