Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

A heart attack happens when something blocks the blood flow to your heart so it can’t get the oxygen it needs. It’s a medical emergency. Call 911 right away at the first sign of any symptoms. Don’t wait to see if the symptoms pass.

Heart attacks are also called myocardial infarctions (MIs). “Myo” means muscle, “cardial” refers to the heart, and “infarction” means death of tissue because of a lack of blood supply. This tissue death can cause lasting damage to your heart muscle..

Symptoms of a heart attack include:

• Discomfort, pressure, heaviness, tightness, squeezing, or pain in your chest or arm or below your breastbone
• Discomfort that goes into your back, jaw, throat, or arm
• Fullness, indigestion, or a choking feeling (it may feel like heartburn)
• Sweating, upset stomach, vomiting, or dizziness
• Severe weakness, anxiety, fatigue, or shortness of breath
• Fast or uneven heartbeat

Symptoms can be different from person to person or from one heart attack to another.  Women are more likely to have these heart attack symptoms:

• Unusual fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Discomfort in your gut. It may feel like indigestion.
• Discomfort in the neck, shoulder, or upper back

With some heart attacks, you won’t notice any symptoms (a “silent” myocardial infarction). This is more common in people who have diabetes.

More than a million Americans have heart attacks each year.  It happens every 40 seconds to someone in the U.S., according to the CDC. 

Heart attacks happen to both men and women. Although they are more likely as you get old, there are many risk factors – including high blood pressure, high levels of LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, diabetes, and whether you smoke – that you can change.

Types of heart attacks: When someone has a heart attack, you may hear some of these terms used:

• STEMI: A heart attack where a coronary artery is completely blocked 
• NSTEMI: A heart attack where a coronary artery is narrowed enough to greatly reduce blood flow but is not totally blocked
• MINOCA: A heart attack in which no blockages are seen in the main coronary arteries.  MINOCA stands for myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. 

A sudden cardiac arrest is actually not a heart attack. You can think of a heart attack as a problem within the heart’s arteries, and a sudden cardiac arrest as the heart’s electrical system suddenly not working right, causing the heart to stop pumping.

Angina also isn’t a heart attack. It’s a symptom, and sometimes it can signal a heart attack. It means chest pain. And while it can happen with a heart attack, it can also happen for other reasons. The sensations may occur with normal activities or exertion but then go away with rest or when you take nitroglycerin.

With angina, you may feel:

• Pressure, pain, squeezing, or a sense of fullness in the center of the chest
• Pain or discomfort in the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw

Call 911 if it gets worse, lasts more than 5 minutes, or doesn’t improve after you’ve taken nitroglycerin. Doctors call that “unstable” angina, and it’s an emergency that could be related to a heart attack that is about to happen.

If you instead have “stable” angina, which is the most common kind, your symptoms usually happen with predictable triggers (such as a strong emotion, physical activity, extreme high or low temperatures, or even a heavy meal). The symptoms go away if you rest or take nitroglycerin that your doctor has prescribed. If not, call 911.

Your heart muscle needs a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood. Your coronary arteries give your heart this critical blood supply. If you have coronary artery disease, those arteries become narrow, and blood can’t flow as well as it should. When your blood supply is blocked, you have a heart attack.

Fat, calcium, proteins, and inflammatory cells build up in your arteries to form plaques. These plaque deposits are hard on the outside and soft and mushy on the inside.

When the plaque is hard, the outer shell cracks. This is called a rupture. Platelets (disc-shaped things in your blood that help it clot) come to the area, and blood clots form around the plaque. If a blood clot blocks your artery, your heart muscle becomes starved for oxygen. The muscle cells soon die, causing permanent damage.

Rarely, a spasm in your coronary artery can also cause a heart attack. During this coronary spasm, your arteries restrict or spasm on and off, cutting off the blood supply to your heart muscle (ischemia). It can happen while you’re at rest and even if you don’t have serious coronary artery disease.

Each coronary artery sends blood to a different part of your heart muscle. How much the muscle is damaged depends on the size of the area that the blocked artery supplies and the amount of time between the attack and treatment.

Your heart muscle starts to heal soon after a heart attack. This takes about 8 weeks. Just like a skin wound, a scar forms in the damaged area. But the new scar tissue doesn’t move the way it should. So your heart can’t pump as much after a heart attack. How much that ability to pump is affected depends on the size and location of the scar.

After a heart attack, you need quick treatment to open the blocked artery and lessen the damage. At the first signs of a heart attack, call 911. The best time to treat a heart attack is within 1 or 2 hours after symptoms begin. Waiting longer means more damage to your heart and a lower chance of survival.

If you’ve called emergency services and are waiting for them to arrive, chew an aspirin (325 milligrams). Aspirin is a potent inhibitor of blood clots and can lower the risk of death from a heart attack by 25%.

Call 911 and start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) if someone goes into cardiac arrest, which is when the heartbeat has stopped and the person isn’t responsive. CPR doesn’t restart the heart; but it keeps the person alive until medical help arrives.

An easy-to-use device called an AED (automated external defibrillator) is available in many public places and can be used by almost anyone to treat cardiac arrest. This device works by shocking the heart back into a normal rhythm.

Here’s how to use an AED:

1. Check responsiveness

• For an adult or older child, shout and shake the person to confirm whether they’re unconscious. Do not use AED on a conscious person.
• For an infant or young child, pinch their skin. Never shake a young child.
• Check breathing and pulse. If absent or uneven, prepare to use the AED as soon as possible.

2. Prepare to use the AED

• Make sure the person is in a dry area and away from puddles or water.
• Check for body piercings or outline of an implanted medical device, such as a pacemaker or implantable defibrillator.
• AED pads must be placed at least 1 inch away from piercings or implanted devices.

3. Use the AED

For newborns, infants, and children up to age 8, use a pediatric AED, if possible. If not, use an adult AED.

• Turn on the AED.
• Wipe the chest dry.
• Attach the pads.
• Plug in the connector, if necessary.
• Make sure no one is touching the person.
• Push the “Analyze” button.
• If a shock is advised, check again to make sure no one is touching the person.
• Push the “Shock” button.
• Start or resume compressions.
• Follow AED prompts.

4. Continue CPR

• After 2 minutes of CPR, check the person’s heart rhythm. If it’s still absent or uneven, give them another shock.
• If a shock isn’t needed, continue CPR until emergency help arrives or the person begins to move.
• Stay with the person until help arrives.

Emergency medical workers will ask you about your symptoms and do some tests.

Tests to diagnose a heart attack

Your doctor may order tests, including:

EKG: Also known as an electrocardiogram or ECG, this is a simple test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It can tell how much your heart muscle has been damaged and where. It can also monitor your heart rate and rhythm.

Blood tests: Several blood tests, often done every 4 to 8 hours, can help diagnose a heart attack and spot any ongoing heart damage. Different levels of cardiac enzymes in your blood can indicate heart muscle damage. These enzymes are usually inside the cells of your heart. When those cells are injured, their contents – including the enzymes – spill into your bloodstream. By measuring the levels of these enzymes, your doctor can find out the size of the heart attack and when it started. Tests can also measure troponin levels. Troponins are proteins inside heart cells that are released when the cells are damaged by the lack of blood supply to your heart.

Echocardiography: In this ultrasound test, sound waves are bounced off your heart to create images. It can be used during and after a heart attack to learn how your heart is pumping and what areas aren’t pumping the way they should. The “echo” can also tell whether any parts of your heart (valves, septum, etc.) have been injured in the heart attack.

Cardiac catheterization: You might need cardiac catheterization, also called cardiac cath, during the first hours of a heart attack if medications aren’t helping with the ischemia or symptoms. The cardiac cath can give an image of the blocked artery and help your doctor decide on a treatment.

In this procedure, a catheter (a thin, hollow tube) is inserted into a blood vessel in your groin or wrist and threaded up to your heart. Dye is used to highlight your heart’s arteries. Your doctor can then identify blockages, which are often treated with angioplasty or stents to open the artery and restore blood flow. Your doctor may do several tests to assess your heart. Intravenous blood thinner is an option to open the artery if cardiac catheterization is not available.

Stress testing: Your doctor can do a treadmill test or a radionuclide scan to check whether other areas of the heart are still at risk for another heart attack.

A heart attack is a medical emergency that needs care right away to prevent permanent heart damage or death. Treatment often begins in the ambulance if you called 911, or in the emergency room if someone else took you to the hospital.

What drugs are used to treat a heart attack?

At the emergency facility or hospital, you’ll quickly get drugs to prevent further blood clotting in the heart and ease the strain on the heart. Drug therapy aims to break up or prevent blood clots, stop platelets from collecting and sticking to the plaque, stabilize the plaque, and prevent more ischemia.

You should get these medications as soon as you can (within 1 or 2 hours from the start of your heart attack, if possible) to limit heart damage.

Drugs used during a heart attack may include:

• Aspirin to stop blood clotting that may make the heart attack worse
• Other antiplatelet drugs, such as clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Effient), or ticagrelor (Brilinta) to stop clotting
• Thrombolytic therapy (“clot busters”) to dissolve blood clots in your heart’s arteries
• Any combination of these

Other drugs given during or after a heart attack help your heart work better, widen your blood vessels, lower your pain, and help you avoid life-threatening heart rhythms.

Are there other treatments for a heart attack?

Treatment may also include a procedure to open the blocked arteries.

Cardiac catheterization: In addition to making a picture of your arteries, cardiac catheterization can be used for procedures (such as angiography or stent) to open narrowed or blocked arteries.

Balloon angioplasty: This treatment can be done, if needed, during cardiac catheterization. A balloon-tipped catheter (thin, hollow tube) is inserted into the blocked artery in the heart. The balloon is inflated gently to press plaque outward against the walls of the artery, to open the artery and improve blood flow. Most of the time, this is not done without putting in a stent.

Stent placement: In this procedure, a small tube is inserted through a catheter into a blocked artery to “prop” it open. The stent is usually made of metal and is permanent. It can also be made of a material that your body absorbs over time. Some stents have medicine that helps keep the artery from getting blocked again.

Bypass surgery: You might have bypass surgery in the days after a heart attack to restore the blood supply to your heart. Your surgeon will reroute blood flow around your blocked artery, usually using a blood vessel from your leg or chest. They can bypass multiple arteries.

What happens in the coronary care unit (CCU)?

If you’ve had a heart attack, you’ll usually stay in a CCU for at least 24 to 36 hours. Once past the critical phase, you’ll continue to get a variety of drugs, including:

• Beta-blockers to slow the heart
• Nitrates to increase heart blood flow
• Blood thinners such as aspirin, Brilinta, clopidogrel, Effient, heparin, or Plavix to prevent further clotting
• ACE inhibitors to help the heart muscle heal
• Statins – cholesterol-lowering drugs such as atorvastatin and simvastatin – to help the heart muscle heal and lower the risk of another heart attack

While you’re in the hospital, medical staff will constantly monitor your heart by EKG in case you get unusual heart rhythms.

Some people may need to be fitted with a pacemaker, a battery-powered device to help keep a steady heart rhythm. If you have a dangerous arrhythmia known as ventricular fibrillation, medical providers will give an electric shock to your chest.

Treatments don’t cure coronary artery disease. You can still have another heart attack. But you can take steps to make it less likely.

The goal after your heart attack is to keep your heart healthy and lower your risk of having another heart attack. Take your medications as directed, make healthy lifestyle changes, see your doctor for regular heart checkups, and consider a cardiac rehabilitation program.

Why do I need to take medications after a heart attack?

You might take certain drugs after a heart attack to:

• Prevent blood clots
• Help your heart work better
• Prevent plaques by lowering cholesterol

You might take medications that treat an uneven heartbeat, lower your blood pressure, control chest pain, and treat heart failure.

Know the names of your medications, what they’re used for, and when you need to take them. Go over your medications with your doctor or nurse. Keep a list of all your medications, and take it to each of your doctor visits. If you have questions about them, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

It sounds obvious, but don’t skip your medications. Many people don’t take their medications the way their doctor told them to. Figure out what keeps you from taking your medicine – it could be side effects, cost, or forgetfulness – and ask your doctor for help.

What lifestyle changes are needed after a heart attack?

To keep heart disease from getting worse and to head off another heart attack, follow your doctor’s advice. You might need to change your lifestyle. Here are some changes you can make that can cut your risk and put you on the path to a healthier life:

Stop smoking: Smoking dramatically raises your risk of both heart attacks and strokes. Talk to your doctor about how to quit. You’ll also be doing your friends and family a favor, since secondhand smoke can also lead to heart disease. You also can call the hotline 800-QUIT-NOW (800-784-8669) and visit the smokefree.gov website.

Keep a healthy body weight: If you’re overweight or obese, you don’t have to get thin to reduce your risk for a heart attack or stroke, but your doctor may recommend some weight loss. If you lose 5% to 10% of your weight, you’ll improve your cholesterol numbers and lower your blood pressure and blood sugar levels.

Follow an exercise plan: Moderate physical activity lowers your chances of a heart attack. It also can reduce your blood pressure and LDL or “bad” cholesterol, raise your HDL or “good” cholesterol, and help you stay at a healthy weight.

Aim for 30 minutes of exercise that gets your heart pumping at least 5 days a week. Brisk walking or swimming are some good choices. On the other 2 days, do strength training, like lifting weights. If you’ve got a tight schedule, break your exercise routine into small chunks.

Eat a heart-healthy diet: Fill your plate with different kinds of fruits, veggies, beans, and lean meats, such as poultry without the skin. Also up your intake of whole grains, like oatmeal, quinoa, and brown rice, and of fish, especially those with omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, trout, and herring.

Avocados, olive oil, and flaxseeds also have omega-3s, as do some nuts and seeds. Fat-free or low-fat dairy products such as milk, yogurt, and cheese also are better choices for your heart health than higher-fat versions. 

Cut back on unhealthy foods: Stay away from processed or prepared foods that often are high in salt and added sugar. They’re also filled with preservatives. Avoid fatty beef, butter, fried foods, and palm oil. All are high in saturated fats.

Skip sugary drinks like sodas and fruit punch, which can lead to weight gain. So can packaged baked goods such as cookies, cakes, and pies. They are high in trans fats and can raise your cholesterol levels.

Limit alcohol: If you don’t drink already, don’t start. If you do drink, limit how much you drink. The recommendation is no more than one drink a day if you are a woman and no more than two a day if you are a man. Drinking raises your heart rate and blood pressure. It also raises the level of fat in your blood and can cause weight gain.

Get regular checks of your cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar (glucose) levels: If you have diabetes, make sure it’s controlled. Keeping a check on these numbers can help you be more aware of the changes you need to make to keep these levels within normal limits.

Control stress: You may feel anxious or frustrated at times. Open up to your family and friends about what’s going on. Support groups can help you learn how others adjusted to life after a heart attack or stroke.

You may want to talk to a mental health professional or ask your doctor about a stress management program. You can also reduce stress with plenty of physical activity and mind-body practices like meditation.

Pay attention to your symptoms: Don’t just hope they’ll go away. See your doctor if you feel anything unusual, like shortness of breath, changes in your heart rhythm, or extreme tiredness. Also, watch for pain in your jaw or back, nausea or vomiting, sweating, or flu-like symptoms.

Why should I take part in cardiac rehabilitation?

If you’ve had a heart attack or have been diagnosed with heart disease, your doctor may recommend cardiac rehabilitation. You’ll work with a team of experts to boost your health and avoid future problems.

Your team may include doctors and nurses, as well as specialists in exercise, nutrition, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and mental health. They’ll set up a program to fit your needs. They can also help you make changes in your daily life. If you stick with it, it can make a big difference in your recovery and overall well-being.

When will I see my doctor again after I leave the hospital?

Make a doctor’s appointment for 4 to 6 weeks after you leave the hospital following a heart attack. Your doctor will want to check your recovery. You might need an exercise stress test on a regular basis. These tests can help your doctor find or slow blockages in your coronary arteries and plan your treatment.

Call your doctor if you have symptoms, such as chest pain that happens more often, gets stronger, lasts longer, or spreads to other areas; shortness of breath, especially while you’re resting; dizziness; or uneven heartbeats.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome – Symptoms & causes

Overview

Cyclic vomiting syndrome is characterized by episodes of severe vomiting that have no apparent cause. Episodes can last for hours or days and alternate with symptom-free periods. Episodes are similar, meaning that they tend to start at the same time of day, last the same length of time, and occur with the same symptoms and intensity.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome occurs in all age groups, though it often begins in children around 3 to 7 years old. Although it’s more common in children, the number of cases diagnosed in adults is increasing.

The syndrome is difficult to diagnose because vomiting is a symptom of many disorders. Treatment often involves lifestyle changes to help prevent the events that can trigger vomiting episodes. Medications, including anti-nausea and migraine therapies, may help lessen symptoms.

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Symptoms

The symptoms of cyclic vomiting syndrome often begin in the morning. Signs and symptoms include:

• Three or more recurrent episodes of vomiting that start around the same time and last for a similar length of time
• Varying intervals of generally normal health without nausea between episodes
• Intense nausea and sweating before an episode starts

Other signs and symptoms during a vomiting episode may include:

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness
• Sensitivity to light
• Headache
• Retching or gagging

When to see a doctor

Call your doctor if you see blood in your or your child’s vomit.

Continued vomiting may cause severe dehydration that can be life-threatening. Call your doctor if you or your child is showing symptoms of dehydration, such as:

• Excess thirst or dry mouth
• Less urination
• Dry skin
• Sunken eyes or cheeks
• No tears when crying
• Exhaustion and listlessness

Causes

The underlying cause of cyclic vomiting syndrome is unknown. Some possible causes include genes, digestive difficulties, nervous system problems and hormone imbalances. Specific bouts of vomiting may be triggered by:

• Colds, allergies or sinus problems
• Emotional stress or excitement, especially in children
• Anxiety or panic attacks, especially in adults
• Certain foods and drinks, such as alcohol, caffeine, chocolate or cheese
• Overeating, eating right before going to bed or fasting
• Hot weather
• Physical exhaustion
• Exercising too much
• Menstruation
• Motion sickness

Identifying the triggers for vomiting episodes may help with managing cyclic vomiting syndrome.

Risk factors

The relationship between migraines and cyclic vomiting syndrome isn’t clear. But many children with cyclic vomiting syndrome have a family history of migraines or have migraines themselves when they get older. In adults, cyclic vomiting syndrome is also associated with a personal or family history of migraines.

Chronic use of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) also has been associated with cyclic vomiting syndrome because some people use marijuana to relieve their nausea. However, chronic marijuana use can lead to a condition called cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, which typically leads to persistent vomiting without normal intervening periods. People with this syndrome often demonstrate frequent showering or bathing behavior.

Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome can be confused with cyclic vomiting syndrome. To rule out cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, you need to stop using marijuana for at least one to two weeks to see if vomiting lessens. If it doesn’t, your doctor will continue testing for cyclic vomiting syndrome.

Complications

Cyclic vomiting syndrome can cause these complications:

• Dehydration. Excessive vomiting causes the body to lose water quickly. Severe cases of dehydration may need to be treated in the hospital.
• Injury to the food tube. The stomach acid that comes up with the vomit can damage the tube that connects the mouth and stomach (esophagus). Sometimes the esophagus becomes so irritated it bleeds.
• Tooth decay. The acid in vomit can corrode tooth enamel.

Prevention

Many people know what triggers their cyclic vomiting episodes. Avoiding those triggers can reduce the frequency of episodes. While you may feel well between episodes, it’s very important to take medications as prescribed by your doctor.

If episodes occur more than once a month or require hospitalization, your doctor may recommend preventive medicine, such as amitriptyline, propranolol (Inderal), cyproheptadine and topiramate.

Lifestyle changes also may help, including:

• Getting adequate sleep
• For children, downplaying the importance of upcoming events because excitement can be a trigger
• Avoiding trigger foods, such as alcohol, caffeine, cheese and chocolate
• Eating small meals and low-fat snacks daily at regular times

when is it really dangerous? What to do with bouts of vomiting? When should you see a doctor for vomiting?

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Vomiting is a reflex eruption through the mouth of the contents of the stomach, and sometimes the duodenum.

Vomiting

The gag reflex is quite complex – it involves various muscle groups. It is controlled by the vomiting center located in the brain stem. By its very nature, vomiting is a mechanism by which the body defends itself against poisoning. Normally, vomiting is a reaction to the ingestion of toxic substances into the gastrointestinal tract or simply something that cannot be digested – for example, too fatty foods. Therefore, after an attack of vomiting, a person often feels relieved: the body has cleansed itself.

However, the intoxication that caused vomiting may have an internal source, that is, be the result of any pathology or disease. It is also possible that the irritation of the nervous system, leading to vomiting spasms, is not related to the state of the stomach at all. This makes one perceive vomiting as a very serious, and even formidable symptom. An attack of vomiting is almost always a sufficient reason to see a doctor. In case of recurring attacks, you should definitely consult a doctor!

Causes of vomiting

In most cases, vomiting is due to irritation of the receptors of the stomach or, in medical terms, has a visceral origin. The cause is most often acute or chronic diseases of the stomach itself (acute food poisoning, gastritis, stomach ulcers, food allergies). Also, the receptors of the stomach can also respond to diseases of other organs – the gallbladder, uterus, heart (vomiting is included in the complex of possible symptoms of myocardial infarction).

Vomiting can also be of central origin, that is, caused by pathologies of the central nervous system (brain), such as meningitis, encephalitis, trauma, and brain tumors. Quite often, vomiting is observed with migraines. Problems in the inner ear can also lead to vomiting (in which case, vomiting may be accompanied by dizziness). With excessive irritation of the receptors of the inner ear (during motion sickness), even a healthy person can vomit, especially if the vestibular apparatus is not trained. Sometimes vomiting is caused by an emotional disorder (stress) or is a reaction to something that causes extreme disgust (conditioned reflex vomiting).

Irritation of the vomiting center can be caused by toxic substances carried by the blood stream ( hematogenous toxic vomiting). Toxic substances can enter the body from the outside (for example, chlorine or carbon monoxide – by inhalation), or can be produced in the body itself – as a result of impaired liver or kidney function.

Vomiting and other symptoms

Usually vomiting is preceded by nausea, because, in fact, vomiting is the resolution of nausea, its logical conclusion. The fact that nausea turned into vomiting indicates the severity of the pathological process. Vomiting spasms can be observed against the background of elevated temperature, accompanied by diarrhea. In the vomit, in addition to food debris, gastric juice and mucus, bile, blood, and pus may be present.

Repeated, periodically recurring and indomitable vomiting exhausts and dehydrates the body, leads to a violation of mineral metabolism and acid-base balance.

Diarrhea and vomiting

Vomiting and fever

When vomiting scares

Any bout of vomiting is a very unpleasant experience. Even if a person experiences relief with the resolution of an attack, vomiting itself is perceived as an extraordinary event, which should not normally be. The shock of the body, domestic and social inconvenience – all this makes vomiting a process of a different order compared to other reflex actions, such as coughing or sneezing. We always react sharply to vomiting (we do not leave it unattended), and rightly so.

However, in some cases, vomiting worries us especially strongly. Such is vomiting of bile , vomiting of blood . Parents are concerned about cases of vomiting in a child . Quite often there is vomiting during pregnancy , attracting increased attention.

These cases should be mentioned separately:

Vomiting of bile

Vomiting blood

Vomiting during pregnancy

Child vomiting

What to do if you throw up

What to do if you throw up

Because anyone can experience vomiting, it’s helpful to know how to prevent vomiting, what to do during and immediately after an attack, and when to see a doctor.

Nausea is a precursor to vomiting. If you feel sick, try opening a window (increase the oxygen supply), drinking some sweetened liquid (this will calm the stomach), sitting or lying down (physical activity increases nausea and vomiting). You can dissolve a tablet of validol. If you get sick on the road, take candy with you and dissolve on the way. This will help prevent vomiting.

What to do when vomiting

During an attack, it is important to exclude the ingress of vomit into the respiratory tract. The patient during vomiting should never lie on his back. Do not leave young children unsupervised if they may vomit. An elderly or weakened person must be helped to turn on his side, head to the edge of the bed, put a pelvis in front of him.

What to do after vomiting

After an attack, rinse your mouth with cold water. If the patient himself cannot do this, it is necessary to moisten a piece of gauze in a soda solution and wipe his mouth.

Immediately after the attack, you can drink only a few sips of water, and then if there was no blood in the vomit. You can drink properly only after 2 hours, and eat only 6-8 hours after the attack. Food should be dietary, sparing; best of all – porridge on the water, rice, low-fat soup.

With repeated attacks of vomiting, dehydration of the body is possible. Therefore, it is necessary to drink a special solution that restores the water-electrolyte and acid-base balance.

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When should you see a doctor if you vomit?

Vomiting is in many cases a sign that the body is experiencing serious problems and needs to be cleansed, and therefore, most likely, in treatment. If the disease is accompanied by vomiting, this usually indicates that the disease is quite severe.

If the attack of vomiting was one-time and there is reason to believe that it was caused by overeating, motion sickness, alcohol poisoning or stress, there is no direct need to see a doctor. In all other cases, a doctor’s consultation is necessary. Especially if the attacks are repeated for two days or more, as well as in the presence of diabetes or other chronic diseases.

Sometimes emergency care is required for vomiting. You need to call an ambulance if:

• vomiting accompanied by persistent or severe abdominal pain;
• there are repeated bouts of vomiting after a head injury;
• with vomiting observed dehydration, dry mouth, increased urination;
• with deterioration of mental and functional activity in the elderly;
• there is blood in the vomit (for example, impurities in the form of “coffee grounds”).

Which doctor should I contact if I vomit?

Complaints of nausea and vomiting are usually addressed to a gastroenterologist or general practitioner (general practitioner, family doctor or pediatrician). In case of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, you should contact your gynecologist.

Do not self-medicate. Contact our specialists who will correctly diagnose and prescribe treatment.

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Causes of Vomiting When You Cough: Everything You Need to Know

Contents

• 1 Why vomiting occurs when you cough hard and how to prevent it
  • 1. 1 How vomiting occurs when coughing
  • 1.2 The main causes of vomiting when coughing
  • 1.3 Ways to eliminate gag reflexes
    • 1.3.1 food
    • 1.3.3 3 Breathing exercises
    • 1.3.4 4. Take antiemetics
  • 1.4 What diseases can cause vomiting when you cough?
  • 1.5 Respiratory infections and vomiting
  • 1.6 Allergies and vomiting
  • 1.7 Asthma and its association with vomiting
  • 1.8 Chronic bronchitis and vomiting
  • 1.9 Shortness of breath and vomiting
  • 1.10 Home treatment for cough vomiting
  • 1.11 Hydrogen peroxide for vomiting s and cough
  • 1.12 An aqueous solution of soda for the treatment vomiting when coughing
  • 1.13 How to help yourself with vomiting when coughing: expert advice
    • 1.13.1 Boiling water to relieve gag reflexes
  • 1.14 Organizing a proper diet to reduce the risk of vomiting when coughing
  • 1.15 Use of drugs and doctor’s treatment
  • 1. 16 How to prevent coughing up vomiting and reduce the risk of illness
  • 1.17 When to see a doctor if you cough up vomiting
  • 1.18 Related videos:

Find out why vomiting sometimes occurs from coughing, what are the causes of this phenomenon and how unpleasant consequences can be avoided. Read our article and be prepared for any cough symptoms.

We all know that coughing is a reaction to irritation of the respiratory tract. However, what happens when you vomit when you cough? To begin with, it is worthwhile to understand that gag reflexes are activated as a result of irritation of the cilia located on the back wall of the nasopharynx. This means that if you have to cough hard and often, your stomach may begin to react to coughing in the same way.

Vomiting when coughing can occur for many reasons. For example, if you have the flu or another respiratory infection, your cough may become so bad that you vomit. Vomiting can also be caused by asthma or other respiratory problems. Sometimes the cause of vomiting when coughing can be diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Be that as it may, coughing up vomiting is not only an unpleasant but also a dangerous symptom. This is mainly due to the fact that when you vomit, you lose fluids, as well as some important minerals and electrolytes. Therefore, if you experience vomiting when you cough, be sure to consult a doctor to avoid possible complications and maintain your health.

How vomiting develops when coughing

Vomiting when coughing is a complex process that occurs in the human body. Cough causes sharp activity of the muscles of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. This can lead to severe stomach cramps and bowel contractions, which can lead to vomiting.

In addition, coughing can cause heavy sweating, which can reduce fluid levels in the body. This can lead to dehydration, making you want to vomit.

Vomiting when coughing can also be caused by other factors such as digestive disorders, poisoning, allergic reactions and disease.

In general, coughing up vomiting is a natural defense mechanism of the body. However, if this happens too often, then you need to see a doctor.

Major causes of vomiting when coughing

Coughing can cause various symptoms in the body, including nausea and vomiting. The main causes of coughing up vomiting can be physical factors or medical problems.

Physical factors:

• Severe coughing can cause vomiting, especially if the person feels the gag reflex.
• Stomach stress caused by poor digestion or a large meal before coughing can also lead to vomiting.
• Prolonged coughing can cause damage to the muscles around the abdomen, making a gag reflex more likely.

Medical problems:

1. Pneumonia or bronchitis can cause a severe cough that can lead to vomiting.
2. Asthma may cause coughing and increase the risk of vomiting in patients with a sensitive gag reflex.
3. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause coughing and vomiting as the contents of the stomach pass into the esophagus.

If coughing up vomiting becomes frequent and severe, you should carefully monitor your health and consult a doctor for advice.

Ways to eliminate gag reflexes

1. Avoid irritants

One of the main causes of gag reflexes when coughing can be stomach irritation from certain foods and drinks. To eliminate this problem, foods such as hot spices, alcohol, coffee, carbonated drinks, and fatty foods should be avoided.

2. Pay attention to your diet

Eating a regular and healthy diet can help you avoid gag reflexes when you cough. Try not to overeat, and eat foods rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals. This can help firm up your stomach and prevent gag reflexes.

3. Breathing exercises

Breathing exercises can help control gag reflexes when coughing. They can help restore breathing after a cough and relieve stomach tension. Try taking deep breaths in and out through your nose, holding your breath for a few seconds.

4. Take anti-emetics

If you can’t control your cough reflexes with breathing exercises and dietary changes, you can turn to anti-emetics. These drugs can help reduce gag reflexes and relieve symptoms. But before using such drugs, you should consult your doctor.

What diseases can cause vomiting when coughing?

Coughing is a normal process of clearing debris from the lungs and bronchi, but in some cases it can be a symptom of diseases that lead to vomiting. Vomiting when coughing is a serious symptom that requires medical attention.

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi that is usually caused by an infection. Symptoms include coughing, fatigue and shortness of breath, and vomiting caused by intense coughing.

Asthma is a chronic condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes, which can cause coughing, shortness of breath and vomiting. Asthmatic vomiting can occur not only when coughing, but also as a result of eating certain foods and medicines.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disorder in which the contents of the stomach regularly rise back up the esophagus, which can cause vomiting when coughed. Symptoms of GERD may include coughing, frequent vomiting, heartburn, and chest pain.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a viral disease that can cause cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, and vomiting in more severe cases. This is a very dangerous disease that requires medical attention.

• In any case, if you have vomiting when you cough, you should see a doctor to determine the cause of this condition and begin treatment.

Respiratory tract infections and vomiting

Respiratory tract infections are a common cause of cough that may be accompanied by vomiting. Cough is a natural protective reaction of the body, aimed at cleansing the respiratory tract from mucosal secrets and mucus particles. However, with a prolonged cough and if there is an infection in the body, vomiting can become a separate problem.

If vomiting persists for several days, seek medical attention. The doctor will be able to identify the cause of the vomiting and prescribe the appropriate treatment. In the case of a respiratory tract infection, treatment will focus on fighting the bacterial or viral infection and relieving the cough.

It is important to remember that many respiratory tract infections can be contagious. Therefore, it is recommended to take precautions such as wearing masks and washing hands frequently to minimize the risk of infection.

Allergy and vomiting

Allergy is a common cause of vomiting when coughing. Coughing can be a symptom of many allergic reactions, such as asthma or allergic rhinitis.

The body reacts to the external environment by producing a large number of immune cells. As a result of this process, vomiting may occur, especially with prolonged coughing.

In addition, allergies can cause an increase in the mucous membrane in the airways, which can lead to vomiting. In addition, some medications used to treat allergies can cause drug-induced vomiting.

If you suspect an allergy, you should consult an allergist who can help determine the cause of the reaction and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Asthma and its association with vomiting

Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway obstruction, cough and shortness of breath. Patients with asthma often experience cough-induced vomiting. Such cases can be dangerous and require immediate treatment.

To prevent coughing up vomiting in patients with asthma, doctors often recommend proper control of the disease. Medications such as inhalers and corticosteroids can be used for this, as well as diet and exercise to strengthen the respiratory muscles.

• • Disease control will help prevent coughing up vomiting.
  • Doctors may use a variety of treatments, including medication and exercise.
  • Vomiting may be caused by airway obstruction and muscle spasms.

Chronic bronchitis and vomiting

Chronic bronchitis is a lung disease characterized by a long course and frequent recurrence. It is associated with inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which are responsible for transporting air to the lungs.

Patients with chronic bronchitis may vomit when coughing. This is due to the fact that when coughing, there is a strong tension in the abdominal press, which leads to irritation of the stomach and a gag reflex.

Often coughing up vomiting in patients with chronic bronchitis is associated with other symptoms, such as increased cough, chest pain, malaise, fatigue, and respiratory problems.

In order to avoid vomiting when coughing in patients with chronic bronchitis, it is necessary to follow all the recommendations of doctors for the treatment and prevention of exacerbations of the disease. It is also recommended to eat food in small portions, avoid fatty and spicy foods, choose the right medicines to treat coughs and curb the gag reflex.

Shortness of breath and vomiting

Shortness of breath and vomiting may be associated. Shortness of breath when coughing can be caused by a variety of factors, such as respiratory disease or even cardiovascular disease. Vomiting, on the other hand, can be a body reaction to various factors, such as food poisons, stomach or brain diseases.

When shortness of breath and vomiting occur at the same time, it may be a sign of respiratory and digestive disorders. For example, some people may have bronchial obstruction, which makes breathing difficult and leads to vomiting. It is also possible that a person may have gastroesophageal reflux disease or a stomach ulcer that causes vomiting and shortness of breath when coughing.

If you experience frequent shortness of breath and vomiting, you should contact your doctor for advice. Treatment will depend on the cause of the symptoms. The doctor may prescribe medications, run tests, and recommend lifestyle changes.

Home treatment for vomiting when coughing

Vomiting when coughing can be very unpleasant. In some cases, this may be due to a strong cough that irritates the throat. However, there are a few things you can do to make it easier to vomit when coughing.

The first step is to avoid foods that may cause more vomiting. Some examples of such foods are fatty, spicy or sour foods, alcoholic beverages, and new foods you’ve never tried before.

You can also try drinking warm water with lemon and honey or oxygenated water to help soften your throat and reduce vomiting. It is important to remember that vomiting can be accompanied by dehydration, so it is important to drink plenty of fluids.

Finally, light, simple exercises can help you relieve tension caused by coughing, which can reduce the risk of vomiting. For example, you can breathe slowly and deeply or apply relaxing massages on your neck and back.

Hydrogen peroxide for vomiting and coughs

Hydrogen peroxide is a solution widely used in medicine as an antiseptic and disinfectant. It can also be helpful for vomiting and coughing due to its healing properties.

When a person feels sick or coughs, hydrogen peroxide can help them cope with these unpleasant symptoms. It is able to remove excess mucus in the respiratory tract, relieves inflammation and prevents the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

If you have respiratory problems, then consult your doctor before using hydrogen peroxide as a treatment. And remember that this liquid should only be used in small amounts, as its excessive use can cause adverse reactions.

Baking soda in water to treat cough vomiting

Coughing is common and can lead to vomiting. Often this happens as a result of a strong effort when coughing. Vomiting is an organismic reflex that promotes the cleansing of the stomach from the contents.

Baking soda in water can help treat cough vomiting. Baking soda has antacid properties and can soothe the stomach, reduce acidity, and relieve heartburn. In addition, baking soda has anti-inflammatory properties and can reduce the inflammation that occurs when you cough.

To prepare a baking soda solution, take one teaspoon of baking soda in a glass of warm water. In this case, this dose should not be exceeded, as this can lead to side effects. For example, excess baking soda can cause diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

An aqueous soda solution is best drunk slowly, in small sips. This will help avoid unnecessary pressure on the stomach and reduce the possibility of vomiting when coughing.

It is important to note that the use of baking soda to treat cough vomiting should only be done after consulting a doctor. Also, baking soda is not suitable for all patients as it can interact with certain medications, causing unwanted side effects. Therefore, it is important to clarify the admissibility of using a soda solution in each individual case.

How to help yourself with vomiting during a cough: expert advice

Boiling water to relieve gag reflexes

Boiling water is one of the oldest methods of controlling vomiting, used for many years. This is due to the fact that boiling water is an excellent tool for removing gag reflexes and reducing discomfort. Hot tea with honey can also help reduce vomiting.

It is important to take into account that with hot boiling water you need to be careful. You don’t want to burn your tongue or lips. An infusion of ginger or mint leaf can also help you quickly settle your stomach and keep vomiting under control.

However, if vomiting persists and causes severe discomfort, a doctor should be consulted. This may be an indication of more serious health problems.

Establishing the right diet to reduce the risk of coughing up vomiting

Proper eating is one of the key factors that can help reduce the risk of coughing up vomiting. This is especially important for people with weak stomachs or sensitive digestive tracts.

Highly fatty and fried foods, spicy and sour foods should be avoided, as they can irritate the stomach and increase the gag reflex when coughing.

It is also important to monitor the frequency and size of portions. It is better to eat more often, but in small portions, so as not to overload the stomach and not cause excessive secretion of gastric juice.

It is also recommended to increase the intake of water and plant foods, as they improve bowel function and help reduce the risk of vomiting when coughing.

• • • • Avoid highly fatty and fried foods
      • Avoid spicy and sour foods
      • Eat smaller, more frequent meals
      • Increase water and plant foods

Use of drugs and doctor’s treatment

To treat vomiting, that occurs when coughing, you should consult a doctor. Treatment should be prescribed individually, taking into account the cause of vomiting and the underlying disease.

Depending on the cause of the vomiting when coughing, the doctor may prescribe medication. For example, if vomiting is caused by an infectious disease, antibiotics may be prescribed. If you have an allergic reaction, you will need to take antihistamines.

Special treatment for the underlying condition may also be prescribed. For example, in bronchial asthma, it is recommended to take inhaled drugs that reduce inflammation and improve airway patency. This helps to reduce the frequency and strength of coughing, and, as a result, vomiting.

It is important to remember that self-medication can be dangerous, especially if you have other diseases and medications. It is necessary to follow the recommendations of the doctor and not to exceed the dose of drugs. It is not recommended to take drugs of dubious origin, without the recommendation of a doctor.

How to prevent vomiting when coughing and reduce the risk of illness

Vomiting when coughing can be a very unpleasant and unpleasant symptom. In order to prevent it, you need to follow a few simple recommendations.

• • • • Drink plenty of fluids. It is important to drink plenty of water and other fluids to help the body fight the infection that causes the cough. However, avoid alcohol, caffeine, and drinks that are high in sugar, as these can only make your condition worse.
      • Relax. It is important to give your body time to recover. So never forget to rest and sleep enough time every day.
      • Strengthen your immunity. This will not only help you prevent vomiting when you cough, but also reduce the risk of illness. Strengthen your immunity by eating healthy foods, taking special supplements and vitamins.

The most important thing you can do to prevent vomiting when you cough is to follow your doctor’s advice and get treatment as soon as possible to help you manage your cough and avoid possible complications.

When to see a doctor if you are vomiting when coughing

Vomiting when coughing can be a sign of serious illness.