Cefpodoxime proxetil side effects: Cefpodoxime (Oral Route) Side Effects

21.07.202329.06.2023 by alexxlab

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Cefpodoxime | VCA Animal Hospital

What is cefpodoxime?

Cefpodoxime (brand names Simplicef® and Vantin®) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat skin infections in dogs. The bacteria that are susceptible to cefpodoxime include certain Staphylococcus and Pasteurella species, Streptococcus canis, E. coli, and certain bacteria causing urinary tract and respiratory infections.

The use of cefpodoxime in cats and for the treatment of urinary tract infections in dogs is considered off-label. Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off-label use in veterinary medicine. In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions very carefully.

How is cefpodoxime given?

Cefpodoxime is available as a tablet and as an oral suspension (liquid). Liquid forms must be shaken well before use and carefully measured. Cefpodoxime should be given by mouth with or without food. If your pet vomits after receiving the drug on an empty stomach, try giving the next dose with food. If vomiting continues, contact your veterinarian.

“Liquid forms must be shaken well before use and carefully measured.”

This medication will take effect in approximately two hours, but outwardly effects may take a few days to be recognized. It is important to give this antibiotic for as long as your veterinarian has prescribed it, even if your pet appears to be feeling better. Do not stop giving this medication to your pet unless your veterinarian instructs you to do so.

What if I miss giving my pet a dose of the medication?

If you miss a dose, give it when you remember, but if it is close to the time for the next dose, skip the dose you missed and give the medication at the next scheduled time and continue with the regular dosing schedule. Never give your pet two doses at once or give extra doses.

Are there any potential side effects?

There are very few side effects of cefpodoxime. The most commonly reported side effects are vomiting, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and/or lethargy. If these effects worsen, become severe, or continue, contact your veterinarian as soon as possible. In cats, a complete loss of appetite can occur. This is a serious side effect. If your cat stops eating, contact your veterinarian immediately as serious liver problems (hepatic lipidosis) can result.

“In cats, a complete loss of appetite can occur. This is a serious side effect.”

Hypersensitivities or allergic reactions are rare but possible. Contact your veterinarian immediately if you suspect an allergic reaction. Signs of an allergic reaction may include skin rash, trouble breathing, pale gums, or facial swelling.

This short-acting medication should stop working within 24 hours, although effects can be longer in pets with liver or kidney disease.

Are there any risk factors for this medication?

Cefpodoxime should not be used in pets that are allergic to it or other cephalosporins or penicillins. It should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease. This medication should only be used during pregnancy if necessary and should be used with caution in nursing animals. While the significance in veterinary medicine is unknown, medications containing cefpodoxime are used cautiously in people with a history of seizures.

Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?

Some medications interact with cefpodoxime and decrease its absorption of it. Other drugs drug interactions may occur with cefpodoxime, so it is important to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking.

If managing a pet with diabetes, cefpodoxime may interact with urine glucose tests and cause false-positive results.

Is there any monitoring that needs to be done with this medication?

Monitor your pet to ensure that the medication is working and for any adverse effects.

How do I store cefpodoxime?

Cefpodoxime tablets should be stored in a tightly sealed container, protected from light, and stored at temperatures between 68°F and 77°F (20-25°C). Liquid suspensions must be stored in the refrigerator between 35°F and 45°F (2°C- 8°C) and discarded after 14 days.

What should I do in case of an emergency?

Most overdoses of cefpodoxime cause diarrhea, vomiting, lack of appetite, and lethargy; however, some overdoses of cefpodoxime can be more serious. If you suspect an overdose and your pet is experiencing an adverse reaction, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility.

Cefpodoxime Proxetil (Simplicef®, Cefpoderm™) | PetMD

PetMD’s medications content was written and reviewed by veterinary professionals to answer your most common questions about how medications function, their side effects, and what species they are prescribed for. This content shouldn’t take the place of advice by your vet.

What is Cefpodoxime?

Cefpodoxime is an antibiotic that is commonly used to treat skin infections in dogs. Your veterinarian may also prescribe it to treat other types of infections. Cefpodoxime is available as a generic medication, but also available under brand names: Simplicef^® and Cefpoderm^™.

Currently, cefpodoxime is only FDA approved for use in dogs for the treatment of certain skin infections, but it is also used off-label in cats and horses. This is called extra-label or off-label use because this use isn’t described on the drug label. While veterinarians often prescribe medications for off-label uses, your veterinarian will determine whether this medication is right for your pet.

How Cefpodoxime Works

Cefpodoxime is an antibiotic in a class called third generation cephalosporins. Third generation means they have a wider range of efficacy over first and second generation antibiotics in this class. Cefpodoxime kills vulnerable bacteria by interfering with the production of their cell walls. Specifically, cefpodoxime binds to and inhibits proteins that are essential to the development of the bacterial cell wall.

Cefpodoxime does not kill all types of bacteria. It is also ineffective against viruses, fungi, and parasites. Inappropriate use of antibiotics, including cefpodoxime, can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As such, use antibiotics exactly as directed by your veterinarian.

Cefpodoxime Directions

Closely follow the directions on the drug label or as provided by your veterinarian. Your veterinarian will determine the appropriate dosage based on your pet’s weight and the type of infection. Cefpodoxime tablets are typically administered by mouth once daily. It is important to administer the exact amount of medication prescribed by your veterinarian and complete the full treatment course, usually even if your pet seems to have recovered from the infection.

Cefpodoxime can be given with or without food. Giving it with a small meal may help reduce vomiting or other digestive upset.

Missed a Dose?

Speak with your veterinarian about what to do if you forget to give a dose of cefpodoxime. Generally, they may advise you to give the dose when you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, your veterinarian may instruct you to skip the missed dose and resume your normal dosing schedule. In most cases, your veterinarian may instruct you to not give extra or double doses.

Cefpodoxime Possible Side Effects

The most common side effects of cephalexin involve irritation of the digestive system:

Diarrhea

Vomiting

Decreased appetite

Rarely, allergic reactions can occur. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to an antibiotic may include:

If you believe your pet may be experiencing any side effects of fluoxetine, consult your veterinarian. If your pet shows any signs of an allergic reaction, immediately seek emergency veterinary care.

It is important to inform your veterinarian of all allergies your pet may have. Do not give cefpodoxime to pets allergic to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics.

Human Side Effects

While some formulations of cefpodoxime are designed as a human prescription medication, there are different dosages and side effects that can occur in humans. People that are allergic to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics should avoid contact with cefpodoxime. If you accidentally ingest this medication, immediately seek medical attention or call the national Poison Control Center hotline at 800-222-1222.

Monitoring

Typically, beyond monitoring your pet’s response to cefpodoxime, no specific monitoring is required for this medication. However, your veterinarian may recommend routine testing depending on your pets’ individual needs, other medications they may be on and/or the issue that initially caused your pet to be placed on this medication.

Call Your Vet If:

Severe side effects are seen (see above)

Your pet’s condition worsens or does not improve with treatment

You see or suspect an overdose

You have additional questions or concerns about the use of cefpodoxime

Cefpodoxime Overdose Information

Symptoms of an overdose of cephalexin may include vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy and inappetence. Large overdoses may change your pets’ white and red blood cell counts.

If you suspect an overdose, immediately seek emergency veterinary care or contact an animal poison control center. Consultation fees often apply.

Pet Poison Helpline (855) 764-7661
ASPCA Animal Poison Control (888) 426-4435

Cefpodoxime Storage

Cefpodoxime should be stored at controlled temperatures between 68-77 F. Keep the container tightly closed to protect this medication from moisture and light. Always confirm storage requirements by reviewing the label.

Keep out of reach of children and pets.

No vet writer or qualified reviewer has received any compensation from the manufacturer of the medication as part of creating this article. All content contained in this article is sourced from public sources or the manufacturer.

Featured Image: iStock.com/Evrymmnt

WRITTEN BY

Stephanie Howe, DVM

Veterinarian

Dr. Stephanie Howe graduated from the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine in 2011, after receiving a Bachelor of Science. ..

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Cefpodoxime – description of the substance, pharmacology, uses, contraindications, formula

Structural formula
Russian name
English name
Latin name
chemical name
Gross formula
Pharmacological group of the substance Cefpodoxime
Nosological classification
CAS code
pharmachologic effect
Pharmacology
Application of the substance Cefpodoxime
Contraindications
Side effects of the substance Cefpodoxime
Interaction
Overdose
Dosage and administration
Precautionary measures
special instructions
Trade names with the active substance Cefpodoxime

Structural formula

Russian name

Cefpodoxime

English name

Cefpodoxime

Latin name

Cefpodoximum (genus Cefpodoximi)

Chemical name

(+-)-1-Hydroxyethyl-(+) -(6R,7R)-7-[2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)glyoxylamido]-3-(methoxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4. 2.0]oct-2- en-2-carboxylic acid (and as proxetyl)

Gross formula

C ₁₅ H ₁₇ N ₅ O ₆ S ₂

Pharmacological group of the substance Cefpodoxime

Cephalosporins

Nosological classification

ICD-10 code list

H66 Suppurative and unspecified otitis media
J02.9 Acute pharyngitis, unspecified
J06 Acute infections of the upper respiratory tract, multiple and unspecified
J18 Pneumonia without specification of pathogen
J32 Chronic sinusitis
L00-L08 Skin and subcutaneous tissue infections
M60. 0 Infectious myositis
M65.0 Abscess of tendon sheath
M65.1 Other infectious tendosynovitis
M71.0 Bursal abscess
M71. 1 Other infectious bursitis
N30 Cystitis
N39.0 Urinary tract infection, unspecified
N49 Inflammatory diseases of the male genital organs, not elsewhere classified
N70-N77 Inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs

CAS code

80210-62-4

Pharmacological action

Pharmacological action –

antibacterial , germicidal .

Pharmacology

Inhibits transpeptidase and inhibits cell wall mucopeptide biosynthesis
bacteria. Resistant to the action of beta-lactamases, does not break down in an acidic environment.

Used as cefpodoxime proxetil (prodrug). Last
absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and deesterified, forming cefpodoxime. After oral administration before meals 100 mg
absorbed 50%, C _max – 1.4 μg / ml. Eating increases max”>C _max ,
but not the time to reach it (max “> T _max) when prescribing tablets, and max”> T _max, but not C _max when using suspension. Contacts blood proteins (20-30%). T_max
– 2-3 hours, penetrates into tissues, incl. tonsils, lungs and fluids, creating in them
concentration exceeding MIC ₅₀ for most microorganisms. T _1/2
– 2.09-2.84 hours. About 30-35% of the dose is excreted in the urine unchanged within 12
h. In case of impaired renal function, excretion decreases: if Cl creatinine is 50-80 ml / min, then
T _1/2 is 3. 5 h, 30-49 ml/min – 5.9 h, 5-29
ml/min – 9.8 h.

A standard 3-hour hemodialysis session removes 23% of the dose from the body. At
in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, absorption is slightly reduced.

Active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative
microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (including penicillinase-producing, but not
methicillin-resistant strains), Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus
pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus spp. (groups C, F, G), Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae
(including beta-lactamase-producing strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria
gonorrhoeae (including penicillinase-producing strains), Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter diversus, Haemophilus
parainfluenzae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri, anaerobes (Peptostreptococcus magnus).

Use of the substance Cefpodoxime

Infections of the respiratory tract and ENT organs (tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, laryngitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, including chronic exacerbation, especially in people who abuse alcohol, smoke, over 65 years old) , acute gonorrhea (urethral, cervical), anorectal infections in women, infections of the skin and soft tissues, urinary tract (cystitis).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity (including to other cephalosporins and beta-lactam antibiotics), pregnancy, breast-feeding (stop during treatment), children’s age (up to 12 years).

Side effects of the substance Cefpodoxime

Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hyposalivation, taste disturbance, loss of appetite, flatulence, candidiasis, pseudomembranous colitis, rectal bleeding, bloody diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, liver failure, headache , dizziness, fatigue, weakness, anxiety, insomnia, pyrexia, nightmares, tinnitus, chest pain, hypotension, thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, eosinophilia, transient increase in liver transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea and creatinine, menstrual irregularities , epistaxis, fungal lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, rash, peeling of the skin, itching, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrosis, exudative erythema, exacerbation of acne, anaphylactic shock.

Interaction

Blockers of histamine H ₂ receptors (ranitidine, cimetidine, etc. ) and antacids (aluminum hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate) reduce the completeness (but not speed) of absorption and max “> C _max by 27– 32%. Oral anticholinesterase agents increase the intensity of absorption and the time to reach max “> C _max (by 47%). Probenecid inhibits renal excretion, increases AUC by 37%, max “\u003e C _max by – 20%. Loop diuretics (furosemide, etc.) increase (mutually) nephrotoxicity.

Overdose

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort, diarrhea.

Treatment: hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, especially if kidney function is impaired.

Dosage and administration

Inside during meals. The daily dose of 200-400 mg is divided into 2 doses (after 12 hours). In case of impaired renal function, the dose is halved.

Precautions

Monitoring of renal function is recommended when combined with nephrotoxic drugs. It should be borne in mind the possible development of dysbacteriosis and superinfection (usually with long-term administration).

Special instructions

A positive Coombs reaction may occur.

Trade names with active substance Cefpodoxime

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film-coated tablets

Dosage
All dosages 100 mg 200 mg

Manufacturer
All manufacturers Lupine Limited Nobel Almaty Pharmaceutical Factory JSC Nobelpharma Ilach Sanayi ve Tijaret A.Sh.