What are the main causes of chemical burns. How can you identify different types of chemical burns. What are the most effective treatment options for chemical burns. How can you prevent chemical burns in various settings.

Common Causes and Risk Factors for Chemical Burns

Chemical burns occur when the skin or eyes come into contact with irritants or corrosive substances. These injuries can range from mild to severe, depending on factors like the chemical’s strength, amount, and exposure duration.

What are some of the most common causes of chemical burns? Industrial accidents, household cleaning products, and laboratory incidents top the list. Workers in manufacturing, construction, and healthcare face elevated risks. Even everyday items like bleach, drain cleaners, and battery acid can cause serious damage if mishandled.

• Strong acids and bases
• Oxidizing agents
• Solvents
• Alkylating compounds
• Vesicants

Why are certain occupations more prone to chemical burn incidents? Jobs involving frequent handling of hazardous materials naturally carry higher risks. Inadequate safety protocols, lack of proper protective equipment, or simple human error can all contribute to workplace chemical injuries.

Identifying Different Types and Severity of Chemical Burns

Chemical burns are classified into different degrees based on the depth and extent of tissue damage. Understanding these classifications is crucial for proper assessment and treatment.

First-Degree Chemical Burns

How do you recognize a first-degree chemical burn? These superficial burns affect only the outer layer of skin (epidermis). Symptoms typically include:

• Redness
• Minor swelling
• Pain
• Dry, peeling skin as it heals

First-degree burns usually heal within a week without scarring.

Second-Degree Chemical Burns

Second-degree burns penetrate deeper, affecting both the epidermis and part of the underlying dermis. What signs indicate a second-degree burn?

• Blistering
• Intense redness and splotchiness
• Severe pain and swelling
• Possible scarring

These burns can take several weeks to heal and may require medical attention.

Third-Degree Chemical Burns

The most severe category, third-degree burns, destroy the full thickness of the skin and can damage underlying tissues. How can you identify a third-degree chemical burn?

• White or blackened, charred appearance
• Dry, leathery texture
• Possible numbness due to nerve damage
• Definite scarring and potential loss of function

Third-degree burns always require immediate medical intervention and often involve skin grafts or other reconstructive procedures.

Immediate First Aid for Chemical Burns

Prompt action is crucial when dealing with chemical burns. The first steps taken can significantly impact the injury’s severity and long-term outcomes.

What should you do immediately after a chemical burn occurs?

1. Remove the chemical and contaminated clothing
2. Rinse the affected area with cool running water for at least 20 minutes
3. For dry chemicals, brush off any residue before flushing with water
4. Cover the burn with a clean, dry dressing or cloth
5. Seek medical attention, especially for large or severe burns

Why is it essential to continue rinsing for an extended period? Many chemicals can continue causing damage even after initial contact. Thorough irrigation helps dilute and remove the irritant, minimizing further harm.

Advanced Medical Treatment for Severe Chemical Burns

While minor chemical burns can often be treated at home, more severe cases require professional medical intervention. What treatments might be necessary for serious chemical burns?

• Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration
• Pain management medications
• Antibiotics to prevent infection
• Specialized cleaning and debridement of the wound
• Skin grafts for extensive or deep burns
• Physical therapy to maintain mobility and function

In cases of severe chemical burns, why might a patient be transferred to a specialized burn center? These facilities offer comprehensive care with experienced staff, advanced treatment options, and resources for long-term rehabilitation.

Long-Term Effects and Complications of Chemical Burns

Chemical burns can have lasting impacts beyond the initial injury. Understanding potential long-term effects is crucial for patients and healthcare providers alike.

What are some possible long-term consequences of severe chemical burns?

• Scarring and disfigurement
• Loss of function in affected areas
• Chronic pain
• Psychological trauma
• Increased risk of skin cancer in burned areas
• Contractures limiting mobility

How can these long-term effects be mitigated? Early and appropriate treatment is key. Additionally, ongoing care including scar management, physical therapy, and psychological support can significantly improve outcomes.

Prevention Strategies for Chemical Burns

While treatment is crucial, preventing chemical burns in the first place is always preferable. Implementing proper safety measures can dramatically reduce the risk of these injuries.

How can individuals and organizations minimize the risk of chemical burns?

• Proper storage and labeling of hazardous chemicals
• Use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Regular safety training for employees handling chemicals
• Implementation of emergency eyewash stations and showers
• Following manufacturer guidelines for chemical handling
• Keeping hazardous substances out of reach of children

Why is ongoing education so important in preventing chemical burns? Chemical safety knowledge can become outdated, and complacency can set in over time. Regular refresher courses help maintain awareness and reinforce best practices.

Legal and Regulatory Considerations for Chemical Burns

Chemical burns often intersect with legal and regulatory issues, particularly in workplace settings. Understanding these aspects is crucial for both employers and employees.

What are some key legal and regulatory considerations related to chemical burns?

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards
• Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requirements
• Workers’ compensation claims for workplace injuries
• Product liability cases for defective or improperly labeled chemicals
• Environmental regulations for chemical storage and disposal

How do these regulations benefit workers and the public? They establish minimum safety standards, ensure proper training and information dissemination, and provide avenues for compensation when injuries occur despite precautions.

Innovations in Chemical Burn Treatment and Prevention

The field of chemical burn management is continually evolving, with new technologies and approaches emerging to improve both treatment and prevention.

What are some recent innovations in chemical burn care?

• Advanced wound dressings that promote healing
• Stem cell therapies for skin regeneration
• 3D-printed skin grafts
• Virtual reality for pain management and rehabilitation
• Smart PPE with integrated chemical sensors
• AI-powered risk assessment tools for chemical handling

How might these innovations change the landscape of chemical burn treatment and prevention? By accelerating healing, reducing pain and scarring, and enhancing safety measures, these advancements have the potential to significantly improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of chemical burns.

As research continues, we can expect even more promising developments in this field. From novel decontamination methods to genetically engineered skin substitutes, the future of chemical burn management looks increasingly sophisticated and effective.

Understanding the causes, types, and treatment options for chemical burns is crucial for anyone working with or around hazardous chemicals. By prioritizing prevention, ensuring proper first aid knowledge, and staying informed about the latest treatment options, we can significantly reduce the impact of these potentially devastating injuries. Whether in industrial settings, laboratories, or even at home, vigilance and preparation are key to minimizing the risk and severity of chemical burns.

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Behandlung von Brandverletzungen, Setzen von Verband

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Rückseite mit zweiten Grad-Brennen#2

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Erste Hilfe. Mit einer Augenwaschflasche

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eine Hand bekam eine gebrannte Wunde

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Verbrennungen

Grad Verbrennungen und thermische Verbrennungen Behandlung, Vektorillustrationen

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Hauttransplantation

Das Netz, das auf der Wunde liegt, wird von einem anderen Teil des Beins des Mannes geerntet und erweitert. Die Haut assimiliert sich in die Wunde und die Hautzellen vermehren sich und bilden neue Haut.

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Klassifizierung von burns. Thermal Verletzungen.

Klassifizierung von Verbrennungen nach dem Ausmaß des Schadens.

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Haut verbrennen. Erste Behandlung menschliche Hand Feuer oder…

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Arzt Bandaging das Handgelenk. Konzept der Erstversorgung und…

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Kinderhand mit zweiten Grades

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Korrosives Warnschild.

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Vierte Grad burns

Bei einer Verbrennung in voller Dicke oder im dritten Grad erstreckt sich die Verletzung auf alle Hautschichten. Oft gibt es keine Schmerzen und der Brennbereich ist steif. Heilung tritt typischerweise nicht von selbst auf. Eine Verbrennung vierten Grades beinhaltet zusätzlich eine Verletzung tieferer Gewebe wie Muskeln, Sehnen oder Knochen.

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Skin Burns Gut gemacht Pixel Perfect Vector Thin Line Icons 30. ..

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Skin Cancer Treatment

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Narbe am Arm Haut.

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Verbrünste Hand der Frau mit Verletzungen durch kochendes Wasser…

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Allergische Reaktion von atopischen

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Ätzende Substanz, Vektor-illustration

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Verwendung von Heilsalbe nach Verbrennungen, Erste Hilfe bei Körpe

Verwendung von Heilsalbe nach Verbrennungen, Erste Hilfe bei Körperverbrennungen.

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Burning factory

Ein großes Feuer, das in einem Industriegebäude brennt.

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Chemischen Linie Symbole Grafikdesign, setzen chemische Gefahren…

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Burns Grad. Erste Hilfe bei Verbrennungswunden. Brandschäden an der Hautklassifizierung. Handblasen. Vektor-Infografik-Behandlung für thermische Wunden. Illustration Verletzung Schmerzschaden, medizinische Hilfe

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Krampfadern und es ist Komplikation.

warnzeichen für gefährliche chemikalien – chemical burn stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Warnzeichen für gefährliche Chemikalien

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Korrosive Substanz, Gefahrensymbol für saure Verbrennung

Vektorsymbol für die Gefahr von Säureverbrennungen isoliert auf weißem Hintergrund

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Feuerwehrleute kämpfen ein Feuer in Ölraffinerie pipeline

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Menschlicher Haut brennt Infografik Karte Poster. Vektor

Human Skin Degree Burns Infografikkarte Poster System Konzept der Diagnostik und Gesundheitswesen Flat Design Stil. Vektorillustration der Behandlung Burn

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Luftverschmutzung

eine Wolke der Umweltverschmutzung, die von einer Industrie freigesetzt wird.

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Bio-Grunge Hintergrund

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Thermische Verbrennung an der Hand, Hautpeeling

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Hautallergie, Dermatitis, Ekzeme Konzept

behandlung von verbrennungen an männlicher hand. – chemical burn stock-fotos und bilder

Behandlung von Verbrennungen an männlicher Hand.

Anwendung von Medikamenten zur Behandlung von Verbrennungen an den Händen. Behandlung von Verbrennungen an der Hand des Mannes.

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abstrakte Sparks Hintergrund (Heiß und kalt)

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Hand und Daumen des Patienten mit Hitzeblase und Verletzungen….

Wundversorgung im weißen Tisch des Krankenhauses. Hautwunden. Patient mit schweren Verbrennungen. Verbrennung ersten und zweiten Grades. Notfallversorgung.

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Explosion-Rauch und Feuer

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Zeichen einer ätzenden Substanz. Warnschild ätzende Substanz….

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Fabrik Schwarz & weiß lizenzfreie vektor-Kunst-Set

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Schwefelsäure in der Flasche, Chemikalie im Labor

Schwefelsäure in der Flasche, chemisch im Labor und in der Industrie

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Schwarze Rauchwolken aus einem Feuer giftige industrielle wie…

fire sparks background (hot and cold) – chemical burn stock-fotos und bilder

Fire Sparks Background (Hot And Cold)

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Eine Blase von einer Verbrennung an der Hand eines Mädchens.

Frauenarm mit tatsächlichem zweiten Grad.

hautverbrennungen. schichten der haut – chemical burn stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Hautverbrennungen. Schichten der Haut

Hautverbrennung. Schichten der Haut. Hautverbrennungen ersten Grades zweiten und dritten Grades

gefährliche situation bei kindern. kinder in gefahr. jungen und mädchen, die mit unsicheren objekten spielen. hausfehler. babys neugier. hüten sie sich vor elektrizität und feuer. vektor-aktionen für kleine leute festlegen – chemical burn stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Gefährliche Situation bei Kindern. Kinder in Gefahr. Jungen und Mä

Kinder gefährliche Situation. Kinder in Gefahr. Süße Jungen und Mädchen, die mit unsicheren Gegenständen spielen. Hausfehler. Herrliche Babys Neugier. Vorsicht vor Elektrizität und Feuer. Vektor kleine Leute Aktionen Set

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Flächenansicht von Amager Bakke, Slope oder Copenhill,…

Flächenansicht von Amager Bakke, Slope oder Copenhill, Verbrennungsanlage, Wärme- und Strom-Müllverbrennungsanlage und Offshore-Windkraftanlagen Power in der Ostsee

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Verbrannte weibliche Hand zweiten Grades. schwere Hautschäden

Verbrannte weibliche Hand. schwere Hautschäden

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Autounfall auf einer Autobahn mit beschädigten Autos und Rauch

Autounfall auf einer Autobahn mit beschädigtem LKW und Autos und Rauch

weißer salbei weihrauch und klangschale – chemical burn stock-fotos und bilder

weißer Salbei Weihrauch und Klangschale

tintenwasserexplosion verbrennen giftiger dämpfe – chemical burn stock-fotos und bilder

Tintenwasserexplosion Verbrennen giftiger Dämpfe

Tintenwasserexplosion. Brennende giftige Dämpfe wirken. Abstrakte Kunst Hintergrundaufnahme mit Red Cinema Kamera 6k.

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chemical Abfall Trommeln vor heavy industry

Leere blaue Chemiemüllfässer, die auf einer verlassenen Bank liegen, mit Blick auf rauchende Auspuffrohre einer Schwerindustriefabrik

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Patient mit Verbrennungen im Krankenhaus

Patient mit Verbrennungen im Krankenhaus. Anlegen eines Verbandes auf die Armbrandwunde des Patienten.

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Bauchfettprobleme, Massagespuren. Gesunder Lebensstil und…

Dünne fette Frau Figur in Fitnesskleidung berührt Bauch. Bauchfett und Diätkonzept. Massierende Markierungen.

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Eine weiß blühende Brennnessel vor grünem Hintergrund in der…

umweltprobleme – chemical burn stock-fotos und bilder

Umweltprobleme

chemie-industrie-cluster. erderwärmung durch hohe treibhausgasemissionen – chemical burn stock-fotos und bilder

Chemie-Industrie-Cluster. Erderwärmung durch hohe…

Cluster der chemischen Industrie. Die globale Erwärmung kommt von hohen Treibhausgasemissionen. Tag

von 100

Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention, Care

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

Medically Reviewed by Jennifer Robinson, MD on September 07, 2022

• What Are Chemical Burns?
• Types of Chemical Burns
• Chemical Burn Causes and Risk Factors
• Chemical Burn Symptoms
• Emergency Medical Care for Chemical Burns
• Chemical Burn Diagnosis
• Chemical Burn Treatment
• Chemical Burn Follow-Up
• Chemical Burn Complications
• Chemical Burn Prevention
• Chemical Burn Outlook
• More

Chemical burns are injuries to the skin, eyes, mouth, or internal organs caused by contact with a corrosive substance. They may also be called caustic burns.

Chemical burns can happen in the home, at work, or at school. They can result from an accident or an assault. Although few people in the United States die after contact with chemicals in the home, many substances common in living areas and in storage areas can do serious harm.

Many chemical burns happen accidentally through misuse of products such as those for hair, skin, and nail care. Although injuries do happen at home, the risk of sustaining a chemical burn is much greater in the workplace, especially in businesses and manufacturing plants that use large quantities of chemicals.

Chemical burns are classified like other burns based on the amount of damage done:

• Superficial or first-degree burns only affect the outer layer of skin, called the epidermis. The area will be red and painful, but there usually is no permanent damage.
• Partial thickness or second-degree burns extend into the second layer of skin called the dermis. You may have blisters and swelling, and it may leave scars.
• Full thickness or third-degree burns go through the skin and may damage tissue underneath. The area may look black or white. Because nerves are destroyed, you may not feel pain.

Most chemicals that cause burns are either strong acids or bases. A glance at the medical information on the labels of dangerous chemicals confirms the expected toxicity. Commonsense precautions and consumer education can reduce your family’s risk of injury. A variety of household products can cause chemical burns, including:

• Ammonia
• Battery acid
• Bleach
• Concrete mix
• Drain or toilet bowl cleaners
• Metal cleaners
• Pool chlorinators
• Tooth-whitening products

Infants and older people are most at risk for burns. Chemical burns tend to happen to:

• Young children exploring their environments who get their hands on something dangerous
• People whose jobs put them in contact with chemicals

Chemical burn of the skin.

Chemical burn of the eye.

All chemical burns should be considered medical emergencies. If you have a chemical burn of the mouth or throat, call 911 and seek immediate medical attention.

Most chemical burns happen on the face, eyes, arms, and legs. Usually a chemical burn will be relatively small and will require only outpatient treatment. Chemical burns can be deceiving, however. Some agents can cause deep tissue damage not readily apparent when you first look at it.

Signs and symptoms of chemical burns include the following:

• Redness, irritation, or burning at the site of contact
• Pain or numbness at the site of contact
• Formation of blisters or black dead skin at the contact site
• Vision changes if the chemical gets into your eyes
• Cough or shortness of breath

Tissue damage from chemical burns depends on several things, including:

• The strength or concentration of the chemical
• The site of contact (eye, skin, mucous membrane)
• Whether it’s swallowed or inhaled
• Whether or not skin is intact
• How much of the chemical you came into contact with
• Duration of exposure
• How the chemical works

In serious cases, you may develop any of the following:

Any chemical burn can be a legitimate reason to get emergency medical help. Always call 911 if you don’t know how severe the injury is or whether or not the person is medically stable. Also call 911 if you have any concerns about a chemical injury.

Emergency personnel are trained to assess the extent of a chemical burn, begin treatment, and take patients to the hospital.

Emergency workers also may determine the need for more involved decontamination of both you and the accident site prior to going to the hospital. When you contact 911, tell the dispatcher as much of the following information as possible:

• How many people are injured and the location where they are
• How the injury happened
• Whether emergency personnel can reach the victims or whether the victims are trapped
• Name, strength, and volume or quantity of the chemical causing the burn (Give a container of the chemical to emergency personnel, if possible.)
• Length of time of contact with the chemical

Always seek emergency care for any burn that is larger than 3 inches in diameter or is very deep. Also seek emergency care for any chemical burns involving the face, eyes, groin, hands, feet, or buttocks or if it is over a joint.

Even if the exposure was very small and you have completed basic first aid, call your doctor to review the injury and the chemical involved and to make sure no further emergency treatment is needed. The doctor can arrange appropriate treatment or will direct you to go to a hospital’s emergency room. If you’re the person with the burn, ask your doctor if you need a tetanus shot.

In the emergency room, you can expect the following:

• Initial evaluation and stabilization
• Rapid evaluation of the chemical
• Determination of the extent of injury
• Blood tests and other studies to determine if you should be admitted to the hospital

Most people with chemical burns do not need to be admitted. Most can go home after arranging follow-up care with their doctor. In severe cases, however, they may need to be admitted to a hospital.

As soon as you or your child have contact with a dangerous chemical, begin basic first aid. Call Poison Control at 800-222-1222 if you do not know whether the chemical is toxic.

Immediately call 911 if you have a severe injury, any shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, or other symptoms throughout your body. If you are aiding an injured person with these symptoms, lay the person down and immediately call 911.

First aid

• Remove yourself or the person with the burn from the accident area.
• Remove any contaminated clothing.
• Wash the injured area to dilute or remove the substance, using large volumes of water. Wash for at least 20 minutes, taking care not to allow runoff to contact unaffected parts of your body. Gently brush away any solid materials, again avoiding unaffected body surfaces.
• Especially wash away any chemical in your or the person’s eye. Sometimes the best way to get large amounts of water to your eye is to step into the shower.

Medical treatment

• IV fluids may be needed to normalize blood pressure and heart rate.
• The IV access may also be used for any medications needed to treat pain or protect against infection.
• Decontamination will begin (likely water irrigation).
• You will be given any antidote to counteract the chemical, if appropriate.
• Antibiotics often are not needed for minor chemical burns.
• Wounds will be cleaned and bandaged with medicated creams and sterile wraps as needed.
• Consultation with other medical specialists may be done.
• Pain from a burn can often be severe. Adequate pain control will be addressed by your doctor.
• If there is any indication of breathing problems, a breathing tube may be placed in your airway to help.
• If needed, a tetanus booster will be given.
• Itching as a burn heals can be a serious problem. You may need special medication to soothe it.
• For severe burns, you may need surgery. In a process called skin grafting, a piece of healthy skin from somewhere else on your body or from a donor can be transplanted to replace the damaged skin.
• Cosmetic or reconstructive surgery may be needed to deal with scarring.
• Physical and occupational therapy can keep scars from limiting your range of motion.
• Counseling and support groups can help with emotional issues caused by trauma from the injury or disfigurement.

After leaving the emergency department, call your doctor within 24 hours to arrange follow-up care. Call sooner if any new problems or concerns arise.

Serious chemical burns can cause long-term complications:

• Many people have pain and scarring.
• Burns in the eye can lead to blindness.
• Swallowing harmful chemicals can lead to problems in your gastrointestinal tract, potentially leading to permanent disability.
• Some acid burns can cause the loss of fingers or toes.
• Burns can cause emotional issues including anxiety, depression, and insomnia.

• Secure all chemicals in and out of the home in locked cabinets or out of the reach of children.
• Store chemicals in their original containers.
• Try to use chemicals as little as possible, and don’t let them touch your skin.
• When using chemicals, always follow directions and safety precautions on the label provided by the manufacturer.
• Make sure your work area is well ventilated.
• Wear safety clothing and eye protection, and remember, safety first!

Most chemical burns are minor and can be treated without causing long-term problems. Some burns, however, cause significant scarring or other medical complications.

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Chemical burn – Symptoms and Treatment of burns in 2023

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1. Causes of chemical burns
2. Burning agents
3. Degrees of chemical burns
4. Symptoms
   1. Chemical eye burns characterized
   2. Chemical burns from ingestion
5. Depth diagnostics
6. First aid for chemical burns
7. Chemical burn treatment
8. What not to do with a chemical burn
9. Complications of chemical burns
10. Prognosis for chemical burns
11. First things to do for burns at home
12. Chemical Burn Prevention
13. Sources

Chemical burn is damage to the skin or mucous membranes as a result of exposure to aggressive chemicals.

During chemical burns, substances penetrate into tissues and can have a long-term damaging and toxic effect on tissues and the whole organism as a whole.

Causes of chemical burns

Chemical burns are caused by exposure of the skin or mucous membranes to caustic metals. alkalis, acids, phosphorus, oxidizing agents, causing damage of various depths

• 51% of all chemical burns are caused by acids
• 21% of chemical burns are caused by alkalis
• 28% are chemical burns due to exposure to all other substances

Burning agents

There is a risk of chemical burns both at work and at home.

Anyone who works with chemicals is at risk of chemical burns, including:

• Builders.
• Factory workers.
• Farmers.
• Laboratory assistants.
• Mechanics.
• Military personnel.
• Plumbers.

For example, household detergents often contain acids and bases. All household chemicals, from stove and sink cleaners to various stain removers, contain hydroxides and carbonates

In the chemical industry, burns are more often caused by acids (43%), by alkalis – 23%

There are a lot of substances that cause chemical burns. Some of the most common are:

• Battery acid.
• Bleach.
• Detergents.
• Sewer cleaners.
• Fertilizers.
• Hair relaxers.
• Metal cleaners and rust removers.
• Paint removers.
• Pesticides.
• Sanitizers and disinfectants.
• Pool chemicals.
• Toilet cleaners.
• Wet cement.

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Chemical burns grade

A feature of chemical burns is the duration of their action if they are not removed from the skin in time. Chemicals continue to destroy tissues until they are neutralized and reduced in concentration.

Therefore, a chemical burn can only progress over time, especially if the victim’s clothing soaked in an aggressive substance is not removed

The severity of a chemical burn is determined by the following factors:

• The nature of the chemical
• Chemical concentration
• Duration of exposure
• Degree of tissue penetration
• Mechanism of action

Chemical burns are classified, like thermal burns, according to the degree of damage to the skin and underlying tissues:

• First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of the skin, the so-called epidermis. The skin looks red and sore, but there is usually no permanent damage.
• Second degree burns extend to the second layer of the skin, called the dermis. Characterized by the formation of blisters.
• Third degree burns penetrate all layers of the skin and can damage the tissue underneath. The area of ​​damage may appear black or white (eschar) depending on the characteristics of the damaging agent. Because the nerves are damaged, there may be no pain.

Hot bitumen burn

Symptoms

Infants and the elderly are most at risk of burns. Chemical burns are most common:

• Young children who actively explore the environment
• People whose work involves contact with chemicals

Some symptoms of chemical burns outlined

Chemical burn with concentrated hydrogen peroxide

Causes chemical burns on the skin :

• Blistering (blistering) or eschar.
• Pain.
• Skin peeling.
• Redness (hyperemia).
• Discoloration of the skin when burned by a number of substances.
• Swelling.

Chemical eye burns are characterized by:

• Blurred vision.
• Edema of the eyelids.
• Pain.
• Redness.
• Stinging or burning sensation
• Blindness (in severe cases).

Chemical burns from ingestion
chemicals can cause:

• Severe pain in the chest, behind the sternum.
• Cough.
• Difficulty speaking (dysphonia).
• Salivation.
• Hoarseness of voice.
• Low blood pressure (hypotension) is a symptom of burn shock.
• Nausea and vomiting or vomiting of blood.
• Pain in the mouth and throat (especially when swallowing).
• Perforation (hole) in the stomach, esophagus or cornea (in case of eye burn).
• Shortness of breath (dyspnea).
• Edema of the upper respiratory tract

Diagnosis of the depth of the lesion

Chemical burns can usually be diagnosed by the skin lesion and the anamnesis (history) of the burn by examining the size, depth and other characteristics of the burn.

Additional methods include

• Blood tests: complete blood count and other laboratory tests.
• Endoscopic examination of the esophagus and stomach: performed if the patient has swallowed a chemical.
• Eye examination: An ophthalmologist examines the condition of the eyes and the function (acuity) of vision. The presence of signs of loss of vision is checked, the depth of the burn is determined.
• Computed tomography (CT or MRI) imaging : Imaging studies help identify damage within the body due to chemical ingestion, especially perforations in the esophagus or stomach.

Chemical burn first aid

Once a chemical burn has occurred, first aid must be given.

• Remove contaminated clothing
• Wash affected area with plenty of water. Rinse for at least 20 minutes, making sure that water does not get on unaffected areas of the skin.
• Flushing with running water within 10 minutes of a burn has been shown to reduce wound severity and hospital stay.
• Try to make sure that water can drain easily from the affected area without pooling on the skin. Use only water
• Use gloves or other protective material to cover your hands and, if possible, carefully cut off clothing such as T-shirts rather than pulling them over your head
• spread of infection
• If the chemical has dried, shake it off the skin

Washing the area of ​​a chemical burn

Chemical burns involving metals (lithium, potassium, sodium and magnesium) must not be washed with water as this may lead to a chemical reaction that aggravates the burn. These types of chemical burns should be soaked in mineral oil while awaiting medical attention.

Chemical burn treatment

People with mild chemical burns do not require hospitalization. For more severe burns, patients should be treated as for a typical thermal burn. In some situations, an antidote may be given to neutralize and counteract the irritating chemical agent.

For example, hydrofluoric acid burns should be treated immediately with calcium gluconate gel applied every 15 minutes, so the gel should be stored in appropriate work areas.

Hydrofluoric acid burn, treatment steps

The main therapeutic goals for treating burn wounds are:

• Carefully monitor the wound
• Keep the wound clean
• Prevent the wound from drying out
• Control secondary infection.

If the burn is severe, the patient is treated in a specialized burn unit.

Some patients may need surgery to remove the burned area of ​​skin and replace it with a piece of skin (graft) taken from another part of your body.

More severe and deep burns may take months or even years to heal completely and usually leave visible scarring. In some cases, the depth and location of the burn can also lead to problems such as loss of vision or limited use of limbs or muscles.

What not to do with a chemical burn

Minor burns

Minor burns that affect the outer layer of skin and part of the underlying tissue usually heal with good ongoing burn care, leaving minimal scarring.

The dressing will need to be checked and changed regularly until the burn is completely healed to prevent infection.

Severe burns

If the burn is severe, you may be referred to a specialist burn unit.

Some patients may need surgery to remove the burned area of ​​skin and replace it with a piece of skin (graft) taken from another part of your body. Read more – Plastic Surgery Techniques for more information.

More severe and deep burns may take months or even years to heal completely and usually leave visible scarring. In some cases, the depth and location of the burn can also lead to problems such as loss of vision or limited use of limbs or muscles.

The result of reconstructive surgery after a burn, the author’s archive

Complications of chemical burns

Some patients who have had severe chemical burns may experience complications, including:

• disfigurement
• loss of limbs
• scarring
• muscle injury and tissues
• development of depression

Keloid scar and its removal

Prognosis for chemical burns

Most mild chemical burns heal without scarring. However, long-term effects of severe chemical burns may include:

• Cancer of the skin, stomach, or esophagus.
• Esophageal strictures (narrowing of the esophagus, sometimes due to scarring).
• Perforations (holes) in the stomach, esophagus or cornea.
• Scars.
• Skin discoloration.
• Loss of vision.

What to do first in case of burns at home

For the treatment of a first degree burn it is recommended:

1. Cool the burn. Immerse the burn immediately in cool tap water or apply cold, wet compresses. Do this for about 10 minutes or until the pain subsides.
2. Cover the burn with sterile dressing . If blisters form, let them heal on their own without covering the area. Do not pop blisters.
3. Taking over-the-counter painkillers.
   Paracetamol or ibuprofen can relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
4. Protect the area from the sun . Once the burn has healed, protect the area from the sun by finding shade, wearing protective clothing, or applying broad-spectrum, waterproof sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. This will help minimize scarring, as redness from a burn sometimes persists for several weeks.

First degree burns usually heal on their own without medical treatment. However, if the first-degree burn is very large, if the victim is an infant, child under 12, or an elderly person, or if you think the burn is more severe, contact a specialized burn unit immediately.

Preventing Chemical Burns

Prevent chemical burns by:

• Always read and follow instructions when using products containing chemicals.
• Always wear protective gloves and goggles when using or storing chemicals.
• Pay attention to all warnings on the packaging.
• Always wash your hands after using a chemical product.
• Make sure all chemical containers are labeled.
• Always store chemicals in a safe place. It must be out of the reach of children.

Sources

1. Acid and chemical burns, https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/injuries/skin-injuries/acid-and-chemical-burns
2. Chemical burn, https://dermnetnz.org/topics/ chemical-burn
3. Chemical burns – first aid and treatment, https://www. healthdirect.gov.au/chemical-burns
4. Images, https://dermnetnz.org/topics/chemical-burn

Author:
Andrey Zhernov
Plastic surgeon

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Treatment of various types of burns – treatment of burns

Burns – an attack that does not bypass, perhaps, a single person. While still children and learning about the world, we are confronted with boiling water spilled on ourselves, then with a hot iron. Growing up, we already know about the danger posed by hot objects, but this does not help us to avoid meeting old acquaintances.

Burns are classified according to severity and origin.

Origin:

– thermal – contact with a burning surface, fire, boiling water;

– chemical – burns by poisonous plants (for example, Hogweed, Ivy, Yasenets, Parsnip), solutions of salts, acids, alkalis;

– electrical – electrical injury;

– solar .

What to do? The very first thing that comes to mind is, of course, a doctor. Only a doctor will be able to correctly prescribe treatment, which in turn will speed up and secure recovery, as well as reduce the likelihood of scars and scars after treatment.

But you need to know something yourself.

The 1st degree is characterized by reddening of the skin, at the 2nd degree blisters appear, as the deeper layers of the skin are damaged. Even more severe burns of the 3rd and 4th degree are treated only in a medical facility. Let’s analyze the myths and the truth about the treatment of burns of the 1st and 2nd degree.

Myth 1.

“You can’t rinse with cold water, so all the skin will peel off!” Some burn treatments never get old! The first thing to do is to quickly cool the burnt area. The simplest thing is to rinse the burn with cold water. This will quickly lower the temperature and clean the damaged area.

Myth 2.

“I’ll anoint with sea buckthorn oil and everything will heal!” No, oil cannot be applied to the burn, and nothing that can form a film over the wound surface. This contributes to the further preservation of high temperature at the site of damage.

Myth 3.

“So that the blisters do not interfere, they need to be pierced.” No. If we are talking about home treatment, by no means! You can bring the infection into the tissues and aggravate your situation. If the blisters really interfere a lot, or there is a risk of inadvertently damaging them, consult a doctor. In a hospital, your injuries will be treated and an aseptic dressing will be applied.

Myth 4.

“Medicines can be easily replaced with sour cream.” No, sour cream does not heal. It only relieves symptoms for a short time, due to one simple quality of it, as a rule, it is cold. To treat a burn, you need to use tools that help restore the skin.

How to treat the consequences of burns?

• For local treatment of burns, preparations that promote tissue regeneration are used, such as Panthenol Consumed, Bepanthen have several actions.