How can you tell if you have a stomach bug or food poisoning. What are the key differences between viral gastroenteritis and foodborne illness. When should you seek medical attention for gastrointestinal symptoms.

Understanding Gastrointestinal Illnesses: Viral vs. Bacterial

Gastrointestinal illnesses can be caused by various factors, including viruses and bacteria. Two common culprits are stomach bugs (viral gastroenteritis) and food poisoning. While these conditions share similar symptoms, they have distinct causes and characteristics.

Viral gastroenteritis, often referred to as a stomach bug or stomach flu, is caused by viruses such as norovirus and rotavirus. On the other hand, food poisoning results from consuming contaminated food or beverages, which can be infected with viruses, bacteria, or parasites.

Common Causes of Gastrointestinal Illnesses

• Viral gastroenteritis: Norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus
• Food poisoning: Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus aureus

Understanding the differences between these conditions can help you better manage your symptoms and seek appropriate treatment when necessary.

Recognizing the Symptoms: Stomach Bug vs. Food Poisoning

Both stomach bugs and food poisoning share many common symptoms, which can make it challenging to distinguish between the two. However, there are some subtle differences that may help you identify the cause of your illness.

Common Symptoms of Stomach Bugs

• Nausea and vomiting
• Watery diarrhea
• Abdominal cramps
• Low-grade fever
• Headache
• Body aches
• Fatigue

Common Symptoms of Food Poisoning

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea (may be bloody in severe cases)
• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Fever (can be higher than with stomach bugs)
• Chills and sweating
• Dehydration
• Muscle weakness

While the symptoms are similar, food poisoning often occurs more suddenly and can be more severe than a stomach bug. Additionally, food poisoning symptoms typically appear within a few hours of consuming contaminated food, whereas stomach bug symptoms may take 24-48 hours to develop after exposure to the virus.

The Onset and Duration of Symptoms

The timing of symptom onset can be a crucial factor in determining whether you’re dealing with a stomach bug or food poisoning.

Stomach Bug Timeline

1. Incubation period: 24-48 hours after exposure
2. Duration of symptoms: 1-3 days (can last up to 10 days in some cases)
3. Recovery: Gradual improvement over several days

Food Poisoning Timeline

1. Onset of symptoms: 2-6 hours after consuming contaminated food (can vary depending on the pathogen)
2. Duration of symptoms: A few hours to several days (depending on the cause and severity)
3. Recovery: Often more rapid than with stomach bugs, but can be longer in severe cases

Is there a way to definitively determine if you have a stomach bug or food poisoning? While it can be challenging to distinguish between the two without medical testing, considering the onset and duration of symptoms, along with any potential exposure to contaminated food or ill individuals, can provide valuable clues.

Transmission and Contagiousness: How These Illnesses Spread

Understanding how stomach bugs and food poisoning spread can help you take appropriate precautions to prevent infection and avoid transmitting the illness to others.

Stomach Bug Transmission

• Highly contagious
• Spreads through direct contact with an infected person
• Can be transmitted through contaminated surfaces or objects
• Airborne transmission possible through vomit particles

Food Poisoning Transmission

• Typically not contagious person-to-person
• Spreads through consumption of contaminated food or water
• Can be transmitted through improper food handling or preparation

How long are you contagious with a stomach bug? Most people are contagious from the moment they begin feeling ill until at least 48 hours after symptoms have subsided. It’s crucial to practice good hygiene during this time to prevent spreading the virus to others.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Proper diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal illnesses can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. While many cases of stomach bugs and food poisoning can be managed at home, some situations may require medical attention.

Diagnosing Stomach Bugs and Food Poisoning

• Medical history and symptom review
• Physical examination
• Stool sample analysis (in some cases)
• Blood tests (for severe cases or suspected complications)

Treatment Approaches

1. Fluid and electrolyte replacement
2. Rest and dietary modifications
3. Over-the-counter medications for symptom relief
4. Prescription medications (in specific cases)

When should you seek medical attention for gastrointestinal symptoms? If you experience severe abdominal pain, high fever, bloody stools, signs of dehydration, or symptoms lasting more than a few days, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider.

Prevention Strategies: Staying Healthy and Avoiding Illness

Taking proactive measures to prevent stomach bugs and food poisoning can significantly reduce your risk of becoming ill. By adopting good hygiene practices and being mindful of food safety, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from these unpleasant conditions.

Preventing Stomach Bugs

• Wash hands frequently with soap and water
• Avoid close contact with infected individuals
• Disinfect surfaces and objects regularly
• Consider vaccination against rotavirus for infants

Preventing Food Poisoning

• Practice proper food handling and storage
• Cook foods to appropriate temperatures
• Avoid consuming raw or undercooked meats and eggs
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly
• Be cautious when eating out or traveling

What are some effective ways to boost your immune system and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal illnesses? Maintaining a healthy diet, getting adequate sleep, managing stress, and engaging in regular exercise can all contribute to a stronger immune system and better overall health.

Long-Term Effects and Complications

While most cases of stomach bugs and food poisoning resolve without long-term consequences, some individuals may experience prolonged or severe effects. Understanding these potential complications can help you recognize when additional medical care may be necessary.

Possible Complications of Stomach Bugs

• Dehydration
• Malnutrition (in prolonged cases)
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Temporary lactose intolerance

Potential Complications of Food Poisoning

• Severe dehydration
• Kidney problems
• Reactive arthritis
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome (in rare cases)
• Guillain-Barré syndrome (rare)

Can gastrointestinal illnesses lead to long-term health issues? While most people recover fully from stomach bugs and food poisoning, some individuals may experience persistent digestive problems or develop post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) following a severe bout of gastroenteritis.

Special Considerations for High-Risk Groups

Certain populations are at higher risk for developing severe complications from stomach bugs and food poisoning. These groups should take extra precautions and seek medical attention promptly if they experience gastrointestinal symptoms.

High-Risk Groups

• Infants and young children
• Elderly individuals
• Pregnant women
• People with weakened immune systems
• Individuals with chronic health conditions

What additional precautions should high-risk individuals take to protect themselves from gastrointestinal illnesses? Those in high-risk groups should be particularly vigilant about hand hygiene, food safety, and avoiding contact with infected individuals. They should also consult their healthcare provider promptly if they develop symptoms of a stomach bug or food poisoning.

Pregnancy and Gastrointestinal Illnesses

Pregnant women are especially susceptible to certain foodborne illnesses, such as listeriosis, which can have serious consequences for both the mother and the developing fetus. Expectant mothers should take extra care to avoid high-risk foods and practice strict food safety measures.

The Role of Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Health

Probiotics, or beneficial bacteria, play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy digestive system and may help prevent or alleviate symptoms of gastrointestinal illnesses. Understanding the potential benefits of probiotics can help you make informed decisions about incorporating them into your diet or healthcare routine.

Benefits of Probiotics

• Improved digestion
• Enhanced immune function
• Reduced risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea
• Potential reduction in the duration of gastroenteritis symptoms

Sources of Probiotics

1. Fermented foods (yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut)
2. Probiotic supplements
3. Probiotic-fortified foods

How effective are probiotics in preventing or treating stomach bugs and food poisoning? While research is ongoing, some studies suggest that certain probiotic strains may help reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea associated with gastroenteritis. However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any probiotic regimen, especially if you have a weakened immune system or underlying health conditions.

Emerging Research and Future Perspectives

As our understanding of gastrointestinal illnesses continues to evolve, researchers are exploring new ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat stomach bugs and food poisoning. Staying informed about these developments can help you make better decisions about your health and well-being.

Areas of Ongoing Research

• Novel antiviral treatments for norovirus
• Advanced diagnostic techniques for rapid pathogen identification
• Microbiome-based therapies for gastrointestinal health
• Improved food safety technologies

What promising developments are on the horizon for managing gastrointestinal illnesses? Researchers are exploring the potential of bacteriophage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics for treating certain types of food poisoning. Additionally, advancements in nanotechnology may lead to more effective methods of detecting foodborne pathogens, potentially reducing the incidence of food poisoning outbreaks.

The Future of Gastrointestinal Health

As our knowledge of the gut microbiome expands, personalized approaches to preventing and treating gastrointestinal illnesses may become more common. This could involve tailored probiotic formulations, individualized dietary recommendations, and targeted interventions based on a person’s unique microbial profile.

By staying informed about these emerging trends and continuing to practice good hygiene and food safety habits, you can take an active role in maintaining your gastrointestinal health and reducing your risk of stomach bugs and food poisoning.

Food Poisoning or Stomach Virus? The Telltale Symptoms to Look For

The terms food poisoning, stomach bug, stomach flu, and stomach virus are often used interchangeably, but they’re not the same. A stomach bug or stomach flu is a sickness caused by a virus (the medical term for this condition is viral gastroenteritis). The virus causes an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines). On the other hand, food poisoning occurs after eating contaminated food or spoiled food, caused by foodborne germs. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), food poisoning affects some 48 million Americans each year, and it is more common than viral illnesses. 

Please continue reading to learn more about the telltale signs that can help you determine whether you’re dealing with a viral infection or food poisoning.

You should suspect food poisoning if the food looks, tastes, or smells bad. Germs that cause food spoilage often cause food to become slimy or mushy in appearance, develop unpleasant odors, and taste sour or “off. ”

How do you tell if you have a stomach bug or something else?

Food poisoning and viral gastroenteritis cause many of the same symptoms. Common food poisoning symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and diarrhea are also symptoms of stomach flu. So, the truth is that you may never know if you have a stomach virus or food poisoning. However, some clues can help you figure it out (more about this later). 

What are the obvious symptoms of having food poisoning?

The most common food poisoning symptoms include abdominal pain or cramping, diarrhea, and vomiting. Other symptoms of food poisoning can include thirst, headache, low-grade fever, chills, sweating, tiredness, and muscle aches. People with severe symptoms may notice bloody stools or vomit, severe abdominal cramps, and even fainting or loss of consciousness.

What are the symptoms of a stomach bug?

Viral gastroenteritis or stomach bug symptoms are similar symptoms to food poisoning. The symptoms typically include nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, and stomach cramps. You can also develop symptoms such as thirst, dry mouth, lightheadedness, tiredness, fever, muscle aches, joint pain, and urinating less than usual.

What is the difference between food poisoning and stomach bug?

Here are some of the critical differences between stomach flu and food poisoning.

Cause

• Viral gastroenteritis is caused by viruses such as norovirus, rotavirus, and other viruses.
   
• Food poisoning is caused by foodborne germs, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Some of the most common germs that cause foodborne illnesses in the U.S. are norovirus, salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus (Staph).

Onset

• Symptoms of stomach flu develop 24-48 hours after exposure to the virus.
   
• Symptoms of food poisoning develop within a few hours (2-6 hours after eating contaminated food).

Diagnosis

• Doctors usually diagnose a stomach virus based on your symptoms. There is a rapid stool test that can detect norovirus and rotavirus, but it is not available at most health clinics.
• Food poisoning is diagnosed based on your history and symptoms. A stool test can help to identify bacterial or parasitic infections.

Treatment

• You can treat a stomach bug at home by replacing fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration and eating bland foods that are easy to digest (a BRAT diet is recommended – bananas, applesauce, rice, and toast). Some over-the-counter medicines can help to relieve your symptoms.
   
• Treatment for food poisoning also consists of replacing fluids and electrolytes to stay hydrated and eating easy-to-digest foods. In severe cases, doctors may prescribe antibiotics for certain types of food poisoning. 

Transmission

• Viral gastroenteritis is highly contagious, and it spreads via the vomit or feces of an infected person through personal contact. For example, if someone is sick and has not washed their hands thoroughly, they might have the virus on their hands and can transmit it to you when you shake hands. It can also spread through contaminated food and drink or contaminated objects.
   
• Food poisoning occurs when you eat contaminated food or drink contaminated water or beverages.

Prevention

• You can prevent viral gastroenteritis by washing your hands thoroughly if you’re sick or have been around someone who is sick. There is a vaccine available against rotavirus. 
   
• You can prevent food poisoning by keeping your food preparation equipment and surfaces clean, refrigerating perishable foods, eating fully cooked meats and eggs, and discarding foods that appear to be spoiled.

How do I know if it’s stomach flu or food poisoning?

Both conditions cause gastrointestinal distress. However, if you have a fever, headache, body aches, and projectile vomiting, you may have a stomach bug or viral gastroenteritis. If you have bloody diarrhea, it could be food poisoning.

The circumstances surrounding your illness can offer clues. If you develop symptoms within a few hours of eating food that may have been spoiled or contaminated, you likely have food poisoning. 

If a family member or friend ate the same food and became sick, that’s another clue that points to food poisoning.

If you have eaten foods that are easily contaminated or spoiled, such as salad greens, undercooked eggs or meat, seafood, raw milk, or dairy products just before your symptoms worsen, it could be food poisoning. 

On the other hand, if you have been around someone who has a similar illness, it could be viral gastroenteritis. For example, if your child is sick and there’s a stomach bug going around your child’s school.

When to see a doctor?

Most people with a food-borne illness get better on their own in 2-5 days without medical treatment. You should see a doctor if:

• You have a high fever above 104F (40C).
• You’re not able to keep liquids down for more than 24 hours.
• You’ve been vomiting for more than 2 days.
• You have blood in your vomit or bowel movements.
• You have severe abdominal cramping or abdominal pain.
• Your symptoms have been going on for more than 7-10 days.
• You have signs of dehydration such as dry mouth, excessive thirst, dark yellow urine, less frequent urination, lightheadedness or dizziness, and severe weakness.

Keep in mind that while most forms of food poisoning aren’t serious, a type of food poisoning called botulism, which is caused by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum, can be fatal. This bacterium produces toxins that affect the nervous system. Seek medical attention immediately if you have botulism symptoms such as blurred vision, double vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, or other neuromuscular symptoms.

References

1. https://www.ucihealth.org/blog/2016/01/stomach-flu-or-food-poisoning
2. https://ask. usda.gov/s/article/What-are-the-signs-of-food-spoilage#
3. https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/foodborne-germs.html
4. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes

What is Gastroenteritis?

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By Dr. Ananya Mandal, MDReviewed by Sally Robertson, B.Sc.

Gastroenteritis refers to an infection of the stomach and the intestine. The most common symptoms of gastroenteritis are vomiting and frequent episodes of diarrhea that occur three or four times every 24 hours.

Symptoms

The symptoms of gastroenteritis usually begin within 24 to 48 hours of infection and may include:

• Vomiting
• Nausea or feeling ill
• Metallic taste in the mouth
• Three or more episodes of diarrhea every 24 hours
• Stool may contain blood and mucus
• Fever
• Chills, shivering and fever
• Muscle and body ache
• Stomach cramps
• Headache

Causes

Gastroenteritis may be caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites. In England, the majority of adult gastroenteritis is caused by norovirus and food poisoning. The infection interferes with the absorption of water from the contents of the intestine, which leads to dehydration and the passing of watery stools.

Gastroenteritis is highly infectious and is mainly spread from person to person via the fecal–oral route, usually as a result of people touching objects after using the toilet without washing their hands. If another person touches their mouth after touching the contaminated object or uses the object to prepare or eat food, they may become infected with the virus.

Diagnosis and treatment

Gastroenteritis often does not require a diagnosis because the symptoms usually clear up without treatment. If symptoms persist, however, a stool sample may sent for analysis to help determine the pathogen that has caused the infection. While viral diarrhea usually resolves with rest and plenty of clear fluids, bacterial diarrhea needs to be treated using antibiotics. In some cases, blood and urine tests may also be recommended to rule out other conditions if an individual is particularly ill or symptoms last for longer than would usually be expected with gastroenteritis.

The majority of people who suffer form gastroenteritis only experience mild symptoms that pass after a few days. However, if patients are severely ill or vulnerable due to older age or another condition, then treatment may be recommended to prevent dehydration which can be fatal.

Dehydration leads to an excess loss of fluid and electrolytes from the body. An oral rehydration solution can be used to treat these individuals. The solution contains a carefully balanced mixture of salt, sugar and essential electrolytes such as sodium and potassium to help replace fluid that has been lost.

Sources

• http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gastroenteritis/Pages/Introduction.aspx
• access.health.qld.gov.au/…/gastroenteritis_fs.pdf
• https://nt.gov.au/
• http://www. nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG84FullGuideline.pdf
• http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr5216.pdf

Further Reading

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2023

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Enteroviral infection

09/18/2017

Enterovirus infection is a multiple group of acute infectious diseases that can affect children and adults when infected with viruses of the Enterovirus genus. The insidiousness of the causative agents of enterovirus infection is that they can cause various forms of clinical manifestations, from mild malaise to serious damage to the central nervous system. With the development of an enterovirus infection, the symptoms are characterized by a feverish state and a wide variety of other signs caused by damage to the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, central nervous system and other organs.

How the infection spreads:

The main route of transmission of enterovirus infection is fecal-oral .
Household contact , through household items, contaminated hands, if personal hygiene is not observed.
Airborne if the pathogen multiplies in the respiratory tract, when coughing, sneezing.
Waterway – infection can occur when vegetables and fruits are irrigated with contaminated sewage, as well as when swimming in open contaminated water bodies, according to some reports, even water in coolers is a source of enterovirus infection.
If a pregnant woman is infected with an enterovirus infection, a vertical route of the pathogen’s transmission to the child is also possible.

Enterovirus infection is characterized by summer-autumn seasonality, a person has a very high natural susceptibility, and after the illness, type-specific immunity is maintained for several years.
The incubation period of any enteroviral infections is no more than 2-7 days.

All diseases that can be caused by enteroviruses according to the severity of the inflammatory process can be conditionally divided into 2 groups:0017 Serious diseases
These include acute paralysis, hepatitis, serous meningitis in children and adults, pericarditis, myocarditis, neonatal septic-like diseases, any chronic infections in HIV-infected people (HIV infection: symptoms, stages).
Less severe diseases
Conjunctivitis, three-day fever without rash or with rash, herpangina, vesicular pharyngitis, pleurodynia, uveitis, gastroenteritis. Enterovirus D68 can occur with severe cough and bronchopulmonary obstruction.

Symptoms:

Signs of SARS . Children develop perspiration, sore throat, sometimes runny nose, cough, fever. The temperature is high at the first stages, then decreases and after 2-3 days it jumps sharply again. This phenomenon is called “enterovirus fever”. It lasts, as a rule, 3 days, the child will feel unwell. During this period, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea sometimes appear, which can stop abruptly.

Rash . This manifestation of the disease is called “exanthema”. A rash appears on the second day after the temperature rises. As a rule, it is localized on the neck, legs, arms, face, back, chest. Outwardly, it looks like small red dots on the skin, identical to the manifestation of measles. Sometimes the rash is localized in the mouth, throat, looks like bubbles filled with liquid, which then turn into sores.

Muscle pain . Enterovirus infection in some cases affects muscle tissue. It is localized more often in the chest, abdomen, much less often in the back, arms, legs. Deterioration of the condition is manifested by movement, the pain has a paroxysmal character. The duration can be several minutes and up to half an hour. If you do not start timely therapy, muscle pain will become chronic.

Diarrhea, vomiting. Often manifested in children under 2 years of age when the body is affected by an enterovirus infection. Sometimes the symptom is accompanied by bloating, pain. Diarrhea can last for several days. The main task of parents during this period is to restore fluid deficiency in time.

Additional symptoms of enterovirus infection:
drowsiness, lethargy;
abdominal pain;
loss of appetite;
swelling of the extremities;
general malaise;
dehydration;
conjunctivitis, redness of the eyes, lacrimation;
enlargement of the lymph nodes.

In healthy adults with strong immunity, enterovirus infection cannot develop to severe pathological processes, and most often it is completely asymptomatic, which cannot be said about small children, especially newborns and adults weakened by other diseases, such as HIV infection, cancer, tuberculosis.

To prevent the disease of enterovirus infection, it is necessary to observe preventive measures:

Use guaranteed safe water and drinks (boiled water and drinks in factory packaging).
Eat foods that have been heat treated.
Thoroughly wash fruits and vegetables with safe water and then rinse with boiling water.
When swimming in ponds and pools, do not allow water to enter the oral cavity.
Follow the basic rules of personal hygiene.
You should avoid visiting mass events, places with a large number of people (public transport, cinemas, etc.).
Wet cleaning of residential premises is recommended at least 2 times a day, ventilation of premises.

Under no circumstances should a child visit an organized children’s group (school, preschool institutions) with any manifestations of the disease. At the first signs of illness, you should immediately seek medical help, do not self-medicate!

What to do in case of poisoning / Articles / Newslab.Ru

In the fall, as a rule, doctors begin to talk about the second seasonal wave of poisoning associated with eating not fresh fruits and vegetables, but canned foods. It is important to clearly know the symptoms of specific poisoning, so that in case of an undesirable effect from the eaten canned food, we can help ourselves or those around us before the doctors arrive.

At the slightest suspicion of poisoning, first of all, you need to call an ambulance. The victim must be laid on the bed, even if he feels fine.

Types of food poisoning

Mushroom poisoning

Symptoms appear after 5-7 hours (if poisonous mushrooms are in the jar, then much faster): convulsions, acute pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, slow pulse. Need immediate hospitalization.

If you are in the country, before the doctors arrive, you can do a gastric lavage, an enema with the addition of chamomile infusion (a tablespoon of flowers per 300 ml of water). After that, give the patient a laxative, warm him up, make him drink strong tea. Put a cold compress on your head, a heating pad on your stomach.

Compote and jam poisoning

Symptoms appear after 7-8 hours: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath. Rinse the stomach with salted water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate, it is necessary to give a laxative, make an enema. When the vomiting stops, give an activated charcoal tablet (you can replace it with kefir or egg white). Plentiful drinking is recommended. After that, it is better to starve for a day, and then switch to soups and decoctions.

Botulism

“Risk groups” – pickled and salted mushrooms, rolled up in jars under sealed lids, squash, eggplant and other types of homemade caviar, as well as mixed canned food (for example, vegetable hodgepodge with mushrooms). The first signs of the disease are visual impairment (double vision, fog), dilated pupils, a feeling of dryness and scratching in the throat, spasms of the muscles of the tongue. When you try to drink water, the liquid pours out through the nose.

The disease makes itself felt 12 hours later (sometimes a day or two) after tasting spoiled canned food. Call an ambulance right away! If the victim is not taken to the hospital, death from respiratory paralysis may occur. Before the arrival of the doctors, wash the stomach with a warm 2% soda solution, give the patient a laxative.

To avoid encounters with less dangerous, but no less unpleasant bacteria, doctors recommend paying attention to the following products

• Boiled rice that stays warm for a long time. In it, you can find the bacillus Echinocereus (Bacillus Cereus), which causes vomiting an hour after eating, later – diarrhea. With already known procedures, recovery occurs quickly. And so that poisoning does not happen, rice must be cooled and kept in the refrigerator.
• With blood dripping from raw poultry, Campylobacter (Campylobacterjejuni) can get on already cooked food, then you are provided with pain in the abdomen, nausea, bloody diarrhea. Symptoms appear within 2-6 and last up to 10 days. Only doctors can solve your problems here.
• Clostridium (Clostridium Perfringens) thrives in minced meat, gravy or stuffing over low heat or in a warm place. Cramps in the lower abdomen, diarrhea and headache, perhaps the temperature will pass in a day. “Ambulance” will alleviate your condition faster.
• Up to 10 days you can suffer with similar symptoms in case of E. coli (Escherichia Coli) poisoning, which feels good in uncooked meat patties and other minced meat products. This serious form of poisoning is treated only in hospitals.
• Salmonella is commonly ingested from raw eggs, undercooked poultry, and cooked food left out of the refrigerator for several hours.
• Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus) easily gets on food from infected people. Sources of poisoning are ham, poultry and baked goods with cream. Symptoms of poisoning by these types of bacteria are the same: pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, weakness, dizziness. Do not try to be treated without medical help.

If symptoms of food poisoning appear, one should try to remember what food could be of poor quality and not throw away its leftovers. This will help determine which bacterium caused your illness, and, therefore, doctors will be able to help you without waiting for the results of bacteriological laboratories.

Acids and drugs

If toxic liquids come into contact with eyes, rinse immediately with cool water.

If poisons have entered the stomach, induce vomiting to expel them. Do repeated gastric lavages to remove all the poison. Between calls to vomiting, you need to make the victim drink 3-4 glasses of water. In case of drug poisoning, the stomach is best washed with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. In case of poisoning with methyl alcohol, a solution of baking soda is used to wash the stomach. But it is impossible to induce vomiting in case of poisoning with caustic substances, because during the reverse movement along the esophagus, its mucous membrane is re-injured.

Vomiting should not be induced in those who have lost consciousness. You need to make sure that the victim does not suffocate. They turn him on his stomach or on his side and hang his head down, supporting him with his hand.

In case of poisoning with caustic liquids, the victim is given to drink egg yolks loosened in water (6 pieces per 0.5 liters of water).

In case of poisoning with acids, in no case should you give a soda solution to drink!

After gastric lavage, pre-crushed activated charcoal tablets should be taken.

Put an ice pack on your head, a towel soaked in cold water, or something cold. This will reduce the effect of the poison on the brain.

The patient’s body temperature must be measured. With paralytic poisoning, the temperature usually drops. In this case, the victim is wrapped warmly. At an elevated temperature, ice is placed on the inguinal regions, where large blood vessels pass, and cold water is given to drink.

If you do not have to rely on medical assistance, then after activated charcoal, the victim is given Glauber’s salt. It prevents fluid from being absorbed by the intestines. You need to dilute a tablespoon of salt in half a glass of warm water.

Alcohol poisoning

Alcohol is characterized by a psychotropic property, as it has a narcotic effect on the central nervous system. It leads to inhibition of the processes of excitation and absorption of oxygen.

At the beginning, there are signs of neurological disorders, patients have no contact with others, pain sensitivity disappears. If intoxication continues, then a deep coma occurs – there is a complete loss of consciousness, all reflexes are lost, the work of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems is disturbed.