What are the main causes of stomach pain accompanied by chills. How can you identify and treat these conditions effectively. What symptoms should prompt immediate medical attention.

The Common Cold: A Frequent Culprit of Stomach Pain and Chills

The common cold is one of the most widespread causes of stomach discomfort and chills. Adults typically experience two to three colds annually, while children tend to have more frequent occurrences. But what exactly causes these symptoms during a cold?

A cold is primarily a viral infection that affects the upper respiratory tract. However, it can also lead to gastrointestinal symptoms. The body’s immune response to the virus can cause inflammation, leading to stomach pain. Additionally, the viral infection can trigger the body’s thermoregulation system, resulting in chills.

• Body aches and pains
• Coughing
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Nausea or stomach ache
• Runny nose
• Sneezing
• Sore throat

How long do cold symptoms typically last? Most people find relief within 7-10 days, although a lingering cough may persist for up to two weeks or more. Treatment primarily involves rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms.

Gastroenteritis: The Infamous Stomach Flu

Gastroenteritis, often referred to as the “stomach flu,” is another common cause of stomach pain and chills. Despite its nickname, it’s not actually related to influenza. So, what exactly is gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection. In the United States, it accounts for approximately 179 million cases annually, making it one of the most prevalent illnesses.

Symptoms of Gastroenteritis

• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Low-grade fever or chills
• Muscle aches
• Nausea
• Stomach cramps
• Vomiting

How long does gastroenteritis typically last? Symptoms can persist for up to a week. Treatment focuses on rest, hydration, consuming soft foods, and taking over-the-counter medications to manage symptoms.

Salmonella Infection: A Common Food-Borne Illness

Salmonella infection is a widespread issue in the United States, causing approximately 1.2 million illnesses each year. But how do people typically contract this infection?

Salmonella bacteria usually enter the body through contaminated food or water. Once ingested, they can cause a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including stomach pain and chills.

Recognizing Salmonella Infection

Symptoms of Salmonella infection typically appear within 12-72 hours after exposure and may include:

• Diarrhea
• Fever or chills
• Headache
• Nausea
• Stomach cramps
• Vomiting

Is treatment always necessary for Salmonella infection? In most cases, the infection resolves on its own within a few days without specific treatment. However, severe cases may require medication or hospitalization. During recovery, self-care measures can help alleviate discomfort.

Urinary Tract Infections: A Common Cause of Abdominal Discomfort

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a frequent cause of stomach pain and chills, particularly in women. Why are females more susceptible to UTIs?

The female anatomy, specifically the shorter urethra, makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder. As a result, 40-60 percent of women experience at least one UTI in their lifetime.

Identifying a UTI

Common symptoms of a UTI include:

• Increased urinary frequency and urgency
• Burning pain during urination
• Cloudy, strong-smelling, or pink urine
• Fever or chills
• Pelvic or back pain, potentially radiating to the abdomen
• Passing small amounts of urine regularly

How are UTIs typically treated? Most UTIs require antibiotic treatment. However, home remedies such as drinking plenty of water, avoiding caffeine, and applying a heating pad to the abdomen can help manage discomfort while waiting for the antibiotics to take effect.

Kidney Stones: When Minerals Build Up

Kidney stones are hard deposits formed from minerals and salts in the kidneys. They can cause significant pain and discomfort, including stomach pain and chills. But how common are kidney stones?

According to a 2018 review in the journal Advances in Urology, approximately 1 in 11 people in the United States develop kidney stones at some point in their lives.

Recognizing Kidney Stone Symptoms

Kidney stones may not cause symptoms until they move within the kidney or enter the ureter. When this happens, you might experience:

• Changes in urinary habits and amount
• Cloudy, strong-smelling, or pink urine
• Fever and chills (if an infection is present)
• Nausea
• Pain in the abdomen, groin, sides, and back
• Painful urination
• Vomiting

Can kidney stones pass on their own? Small kidney stones can often pass through the urinary tract without intervention. Drinking fluids and taking pain relievers can help during this process. However, larger stones may require medical procedures or surgery for removal.

Prostatitis: A Common Urological Condition in Men

Prostatitis, the inflammation of the prostate gland, is a significant cause of stomach pain and chills in men. How prevalent is this condition?

Prostatitis has a prevalence rate of 8.2 percent and is considered “the most common urological diagnosis” in males aged 50 and under. It can be caused by bacterial infection or other factors.

Symptoms of Bacterial Prostatitis

• Difficulty urinating
• Flu-like symptoms, including chills
• Cloudy or bloody urine
• Frequent urination
• Pain in the abdomen, lower back, genitals, or groin
• Painful urination and ejaculation

How is prostatitis treated? Treatment typically involves antibiotics for bacterial prostatitis. Additional measures like using heating pads, making dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications can provide symptom relief.

Mononucleosis: The “Kissing Disease”

Infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as mono or the “kissing disease,” is another potential cause of stomach pain and chills. How is this condition transmitted?

Mono is primarily spread through saliva, hence its nickname. It’s caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and is most common among teenagers and young adults.

Recognizing Mono Symptoms

Along with stomach pain and chills, mono can cause:

• Fatigue
• Fever
• Headache
• Sore throat
• Skin rash
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits
• Swollen tonsils

When do mono symptoms typically appear and how long do they last? Symptoms usually don’t manifest until 4-6 weeks after infection and can persist for up to 2 months. Treatment focuses on rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers. In some cases, medications may be needed to address secondary infections.

Pneumonia: A Serious Lung Infection

Pneumonia, a lung infection, can also cause stomach pain and chills. But how does a lung infection lead to abdominal discomfort?

While pneumonia primarily affects the lungs, it can cause referred pain in the abdomen. The infection can also trigger a systemic inflammatory response, leading to chills and fever.

Common Symptoms of Pneumonia

• Cough (which may produce greenish, yellow, or bloody mucus)
• Fever, sweating, and shaking chills
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain that worsens when you breathe deeply or cough
• Fatigue
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
• Confusion, especially in older adults

How is pneumonia treated? Treatment depends on the cause (bacterial or viral) and severity of the infection. It may include antibiotics, antiviral medications, pain relievers, and cough medicine. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While many causes of stomach pain and chills can be managed at home, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. When should you consult a healthcare professional?

• Severe, persistent abdominal pain
• High fever (above 103°F or 39.4°C)
• Bloody stools or vomit
• Signs of dehydration (extreme thirst, dark urine, dizziness)
• Difficulty breathing
• Chest pain
• Confusion or altered mental state

These symptoms could indicate a more serious condition requiring prompt medical intervention. It’s always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to your health.

Preventive Measures and Lifestyle Changes

While not all causes of stomach pain and chills can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can reduce your risk. What steps can you take to minimize your chances of experiencing these symptoms?

• Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently, especially before eating and after using the bathroom.
• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
• Eat a balanced diet: Focus on whole foods and limit processed foods.
• Exercise regularly: Physical activity can boost your immune system.
• Get enough sleep: Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night.
• Manage stress: Chronic stress can weaken your immune system.
• Stay up-to-date with vaccinations: This can prevent certain infections that cause stomach pain and chills.

By incorporating these habits into your daily routine, you can potentially reduce the frequency and severity of stomach pain and chills episodes.

Diagnostic Approaches for Persistent Symptoms

If you’re experiencing recurrent or prolonged episodes of stomach pain and chills, your healthcare provider may recommend various diagnostic tests. What are some common diagnostic approaches for these symptoms?

• Physical examination: Your doctor will palpate your abdomen and check for any areas of tenderness or swelling.
• Blood tests: These can help identify infections, inflammation, or other systemic issues.
• Stool tests: These can detect parasites, bacteria, or other gastrointestinal pathogens.
• Imaging studies: X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds may be used to visualize your internal organs and structures.
• Endoscopy: This procedure allows doctors to examine your digestive tract using a small camera.
• Urine tests: These can help diagnose urinary tract infections or kidney problems.

The specific tests ordered will depend on your symptoms, medical history, and physical examination findings. Your healthcare provider will use the results of these tests to determine the underlying cause of your symptoms and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Holistic Approaches to Managing Stomach Pain and Chills

While medical treatments are often necessary, many people find relief from stomach pain and chills through holistic approaches. What are some alternative methods that can complement traditional treatments?

• Herbal remedies: Certain herbs like ginger, peppermint, and chamomile may help soothe digestive discomfort.
• Probiotics: These beneficial bacteria can support gut health and boost immunity.
• Acupuncture: This traditional Chinese medicine technique may help alleviate pain and promote overall wellness.
• Meditation and mindfulness: These practices can help reduce stress, which can exacerbate digestive issues.
• Dietary changes: Identifying and eliminating trigger foods can help prevent stomach pain.
• Essential oils: Some people find relief using certain essential oils like peppermint or lavender.

It’s important to note that while these approaches can be beneficial, they should not replace medical treatment. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new treatment regimen, especially if you have ongoing or severe symptoms.

The Role of Gut Health in Overall Wellness

Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of gut health in overall wellness, including its impact on the immune system and mental health. How does maintaining a healthy gut potentially reduce the occurrence of stomach pain and chills?

A healthy gut microbiome, composed of trillions of beneficial bacteria, plays a vital role in digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune function. When the balance of these bacteria is disrupted, it can lead to various health issues, including gastrointestinal discomfort and increased susceptibility to infections.

Ways to Promote Gut Health

• Eat a diverse range of foods: This helps maintain a varied gut microbiome.
• Consume fermented foods: Yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi are rich in probiotics.
• Eat prebiotic foods: These feed the good bacteria in your gut and include garlic, onions, and bananas.
• Avoid artificial sweeteners: These can negatively impact gut bacteria.
• Reduce stress: Chronic stress can harm your gut health.
• Get enough sleep: Poor sleep habits can adversely affect your gut microbiome.

By focusing on gut health, you may be able to reduce the frequency and severity of stomach pain and chills, as well as improve your overall health and well-being.

Stomach pain and chills: 12 causes

Here, we list some of the common causes of stomach pain and chills:

1. The common cold

Share on PinterestA bacterial or viral infection can cause stomach pain and chills.

Most adults can expect to have two or three colds every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Children usually have more.

The common cold causes symptoms including:

• body aches and pains
• coughing
• chills
• fatigue
• headache
• nausea or stomach ache
• a runny nose
• sneezing
• a sore throat

Symptoms typically improve after 7–10 days, though a cough can persist for 2 weeks or more.

Treatment involves home remedies such as resting, staying hydrated, and taking over-the-counter (OTC) medications.

2. Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis occurs when the stomach and intestines are inflamed due to a bacterial or viral infection.

Viral gastroenteritis, which some doctors call stomach flu, is the most common form. Other causes include reactions to food or medications.

In the United States, around 179 million cases of acute gastroenteritis each year, according to a study in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases. This makes it one of the most common illnesses.

Signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis include:

• diarrhea
• headache
• low-grade fever or chills
• muscle aches
• nausea
• stomach cramps
• vomiting

Symptoms can persist for up to a week. Some treatment options include resting, staying hydrated, eating soft foods, and taking OTC medications.

3.

Salmonella infection

Infection with Salmonella bacteria is a common occurrence in the U.S. It causes 1.2 million illnesses annually, according to the CDC. People typically get the infection as a result of consuming contaminated food or water.

Symptoms usually begin within 12–72 hours of infection and may include:

• diarrhea
• fever or chills
• headache
• nausea
• stomach cramps
• vomiting

Treatment is typically unnecessary, and most people recover within a few days. During this time, self-care measures can reduce discomfort. People with severe symptoms may require medication or even hospitalization.

4. Urinary tract infection

A urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria or other microbes infect the urinary tract. Females have a higher risk of developing UTIs than males do, with 40–60 percent of females experiencing one in their lifetime.

Symptoms may include:

• an increase in urinary frequency
• an increase in urinary urgency
• burning pain when urinating
• cloudy, strong-smelling, or pink urine
• fever or chills
• pain in the pelvis or back, which may radiate to the abdomen
• passing small amounts of urine regularly

Most UTIs will require antibiotic treatment, but some home remedies can reduce discomfort until the infection clears up. Home remedies include drinking plenty of water, avoiding caffeine, and using a heating pad on the abdomen.

5. Kidney stones

Share on PinterestDrinking fluids can help small kidney stones pass through the urinary tract.

When minerals and salts build up in the kidneys, they can form hard deposits called kidney stones.

A 2018 review in the journal Advances in Urology suggests that 1 in 11 people in the U.S. develop kidney stones.

These hard deposits may not cause any symptoms until they change positions in the kidney or urinary tract.

Kidney stones can then result in:

• changes in urinary habits and amount
• cloudy, strong-smelling, or pink urine
• fever and chills, in the case of an infection
• nausea
• pain in the abdomen, groin, sides, and back
• painful urination
• vomiting

Small kidney stones can pass through the urinary tract on their own. It is helpful to drink fluids and take pain relivers until the stone passes.

At other times, it is necessary to undergo surgery or another type of medical procedure to remove the stone.

6. Prostatitis

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland, which is just below the bladder in males.

Prostatitis has a prevalence rate of 8.2 percent and is “the most common urological diagnosis” in males aged 50 and under.

Bacterial prostatitis, which results from bacterial infection, causes:

• difficulty urinating
• flu-like symptoms, such as chills
• cloudy or bloody urine
• frequent urination
• pain in the abdomen, lower back, genitals, or groin
• painful urination and ejaculation

Treatment may include taking antibiotics and other medications. Using heating pads, making dietary changes, and making lifestyle changes may provide some symptom relief.

7. Mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis, or the kissing disease or mono, passes between people through saliva. Along with stomach pain and chills, symptoms include:

• fatigue
• fever
• headache
• a sore throat
• skin rash
• swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits
• swollen tonsils

Symptoms usually do not appear until 4–6 weeks after infection and last for up to 2 months.

Treatment includes resting, staying hydrated, and taking OTC pain relievers. Some people may require medications for secondary infections.

8. Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes inflammation of the air sacs. In the U.S., it is “a leading cause of hospitalization” in both adults and children.

Pneumonia symptoms, which range in severity, include:

• chest pain
• chills
• coughing up phlegm
• diarrhea
• difficulty breathing
• fatigue
• fever
• nausea
• stomach pain
• vomiting

Pneumonia can be life-threatening for older adults, children, and those who have a compromised immune system. People who have symptoms should always speak with a doctor.

Treatment includes taking medication, resting, and other home remedies. Some people may require hospitalization.

9. Gallbladder inflammation

Gallbladder inflammation, or cholecystitis, is swelling of the gallbladder, which is a pear-shaped organ in the abdomen.

Gallstones are the most common cause of gallbladder inflammation. According to a 2012 study in the journal Gut and Liver, around 10–15 percent of adults will develop gallstones. Other causes include tumors and infections.

Cholecystitis symptoms, which often get worse after eating large or fatty meals, include:

• abdominal pain and tenderness, usually in the upper right or center
• fever or chills
• nausea
• pain in the back or right shoulder

If left untreated, gallbladder inflammation can cause severe complications. Some treatment options include hospitalization, fasting, intravenous fluids, and taking pain relievers. Surgery may be necessary to remove the gallstones or the entire gallbladder.

10. Pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria, including chlamydia or gonorrhea, spread to the fallopian tubes, uterus, or ovaries.

Research from 2017, which appeared in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, suggests that 4. 4 percent of sexually experienced females of reproductive age have PID.

PID does not always cause symptoms. Sometimes, people only realize that they have the condition when they experience difficulty getting pregnant.

If symptoms do occur, they include:

• bleeding between periods
• bleeding during or after sex
• chills
• difficult or painful urination
• fever
• heavy and foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis

Doctors usually prescribe antibiotics to people with PID. Sexual partners also require treatment.

Without treatment, the infection can cause chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility.

11. Appendicitis

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, which is a piece of tissue attached to the large intestine.

Appendicitis affects 1 in 1,000 people in the U.S., usually those aged 10–30 years old.

The condition causes pain on the lower right-hand side of the abdomen. This tends to get worse over time and may occur alongside:

• constipation
• diarrhea
• fever or chills
• loss of appetite
• nausea

Surgery is usually necessary to remove the appendix.

12. Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis occurs when diverticula, which are bulging pouches that form in the gut’s lining, develop an infection or inflammation.

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, these pouches may form in 35 percent of U.S. adults aged 50 and below, and in 58 percent of all people over the age of 60. However, most cases do not progress to diverticulitis.

Symptoms include:

• constipation or diarrhea
• fever or chills
• nausea
• stomach pain, which may be severe and persistent
• vomiting

Mild cases typically clear up by taking antibiotics, resting, and making dietary changes. Severe cases may require surgical intervention.

Other causes

Stomach pain and chills may have other less common symptoms, including:

• cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder that causes organ damage
• epididymitis, or inflammation of the epididymis, which is a coiled tube at the back of the testicles
• heart attack, but only in rare cases
• leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow
• malaria, an infectious disease that mosquitoes carry
• meningitis, or inflammation of membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
• pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas
• peritonitis, or inflammation of the peritoneum tissue in the abdomen
• scarlet fever, a bacterial illness
• shingles, a viral infection similar to chickenpox
• tuberculosis, a bacterial infection of the lungs
• Weil’s disease, a bacterial infection often transmitted by rodents
• yellow fever, an infection that mosquitoes carry

Share on PinterestA person experiencing stomach pain and chills with a fever should speak to a doctor.

See a doctor if stomach pain and chills persist for more than a few days, or if they occur alongside:

• diarrhea or vomiting
• fever
• muscle aches and pains
• fatigue with no obvious cause

People who experience any of the following alongside stomach pain and chills require immediate medical attention:

• breathing difficulties
• chest pain
• fever of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher
• loss of consciousness
• neck stiffness
• severe headache
• severe vomiting or diarrhea
• stomach pain that radiates to the shoulder
• vision problems
• weakness

Many cases of chills and stomach pain result from a bacterial or viral infection.

Try the following to prevent infection:

• Wash the hands frequently with soap and water or use an alcohol-based sanitizer.
• Maintain a distance from people with infectious illnesses.
• Avoid touching the eyes or face with unclean hands.
• Disinfect kitchen and bathroom surfaces frequently and clean toys, doorknobs, and remote controls regularly.
• Consider vaccinations where possible, such as those against some forms of pneumonia and gastroenteritis.
• Do not share utensils, towels, or other personal items.
• Take precautions when traveling to other countries to avoid food-borne illness.
• When abroad, drink bottled water, avoid ice cubes, and do not eat raw or peeled vegetables or fruits.
• Practice hygienic food storage and preparation techniques in the home.
• Do not eat raw eggs.

Other methods of prevention and risk reduction include:

• Drinking plenty of water and other fluids every day.
• Exercising regularly.
• Eating a balanced diet, with an emphasis on fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, pulses, lean meats, fish, nuts, and seeds.
• Using condoms during sexual activities.
• Discussing any health concerns with a healthcare professional.

The outlook for a person with stomach pain and chills depends on the cause of the symptoms. They are not usually a cause for concern if they result from the common cold, stomach flu, or another easily treatable infection.

Most of these conditions will clear up within a few days with home remedies, medications, or a combination of both.

However, these symptoms could also suggest a more serious condition, such as pneumonia or appendicitis, but this is rarer. People who experience severe or persistent stomach pain and chills should see their doctor.

Read the article in Spanish.

Norovirus

Category: Infections and Parasites

Topic: Viral Infections

Noroviruses are a group of viruses that can cause gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and intestines) with diarrhoea, stomach pain and vomiting. Common names used for gastroenteritis due to Norovirus are ‘gastric flu’ or ‘stomach flu’, ‘winter vomiting’ and ‘viral gastro’.

Noroviruses are found in the faeces or vomit of infected people. People can become infected with the virus in several ways, including:

• eating food or drinking liquids that are contaminated with Norovirus
• touching surfaces or objects contaminated with Norovirus, and then placing their hand in their mouth
• small airborne particles from projectile vomiting
• having direct contact with another person who is infected and showing symptoms (for example, when caring for someone with illness, or sharing foods or eating utensils with someone who is ill).

Anyone can become infected with these viruses. There are many different strains of Norovirus, which makes it difficult for a person’s body to develop long-lasting immunity.

Norovirus illness can recur throughout a person’s lifetime.

People working in day-care centres or nursing homes should pay special attention to children or residents who have Norovirus illness. This virus is very contagious and can spread rapidly throughout such environments.

Signs and Symptoms: 

Symptoms of Norovirus illness usually begin about 24 to 48 hours after ingestion of the virus, but they can appear as early as 12 hours after exposure.

The symptoms of norovirus illness usually include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and some stomach cramping. Sometimes people also have a low-grade fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and a general sense of tiredness. The illness often begins suddenly and the infected person may feel very sick. The illness is usually brief, with symptoms lasting only about 1 or 2 days, but can last longer. In general, children experience more vomiting than adults.

Treatment: 

Currently, there is no antiviral medication that works against norovirus and there is no vaccine to prevent infection. Norovirus infection cannot be treated with antibiotics. This is because antibiotics work to fight bacteria and not viruses.

Norovirus illness is usually brief in healthy individuals. When people are ill with vomiting and diarrhoea, they should rest and drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Dehydration is the most serious health effect that can result from Norovirus infection, and it is a particular concern in young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems.

Prevention: 

Noroviruses are very contagious and can spread easily from person to person. Both faeces and vomit are infectious. Particular care should be taken with young children in nappies who may have diarrhoea.

People infected with Norovirus are contagious from the moment they begin feeling ill. If your job involves handling food or beverages or you are a childcare or health care worker you must not return to work until 48 hours after recovery (i.e. until 48 hours after you last vomited or 48 hours after your bowel motions return to normal), as this is generally regarded as the period when people are infectious.

The virus can be present in faeces at low levels for several weeks after recovery, so it is important for people to continue to use good handwashing and other hygienic practices.

People infected with Norovirus should not prepare food while they have symptoms and for 48 hours after they recover from their illness. Food that may have been contaminated by an ill person should be disposed of properly.

You can decrease your chance of coming in contact with noroviruses by following these preventive steps:

• frequently wash your hands, especially after toilet visits, changing nappies and before eating or preparing food
• carefully wash fruits and vegetables, and steam oysters before eating them
• flush or discard any vomit or faeces in the toilet and make sure that the surrounding area is kept clean
• use a detergent and warm water to wipe down the area where vomit was present so that no evidence of vomit is visible
• thoroughly clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces immediately after an episode of illness using detergent and water followed by a bleach-based household cleaner
• immediately remove and wash clothing or linens that may be contaminated with virus (use a hot cycle in the washing machine).

Health outcome: 

Anyone can become infected with these viruses. There are many different strains of Norovirus, which makes it difficult for a person’s body to develop long-lasting immunity. In addition, because of differences in genetic factors, some people are more likely to become infected and develop more severe illness than others.

Norovirus disease is usually not serious, although people may feel very sick and vomit many times a day. Most people get better within 1 or 2 days, and they have no long-term health effects related to their illness.

Sometimes people are unable to drink enough liquids to replace the liquids they lost because of vomiting and diarrhoea. These people can become dehydrated and may need special medical attention. This problem with dehydration is usually only seen among the very young, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems. There is no evidence to suggest that an infected person can become a long-term carrier of Norovirus.

Other resources: 

• Clean Up for Gastroenteritis Outbreak Prevention (PDF 716KB)

Help and assistance: 

For further information, please contact your local doctor, community health centre or nearest public health unit, or contact the Queensland Health information line 13HEALTH (13 432584).

If you are in an emergency situation, call 000

Abdominal pain and diarrhea | What to do with pain in the stomach and diarrhea

Author, editor and medical expert – Klimovich Elina Valerievna.

Editor and medical expert – Harutyunyan Mariam Harutyunovna.

Number of views: 2,495,906

Last updated: 002 Contents

• Causes of abdominal pain and diarrhea
• Some diseases that cause diarrhea and stomach pain
• When you need to see a doctor urgently
• What to do if your stomach hurts and you have diarrhea

Diarrhea is one of the most common pathological symptoms occurring both in isolation and in combination with other manifestations of various diseases ² . About 1.7 billion cases are registered annually in the world ² . Most often they are associated with infections and poisonings ² , in which diarrhea usually accompanies abdominal pain and manifestations of intoxication. However, these same symptoms occur in other diseases.

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Causes of abdominal pain and diarrhea

These symptoms most often accompany diseases of the abdominal organs: stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, pancreas, internal genital organs and bladder. The appearance of pain is provoked by spasms or stretching of the walls of hollow organs (intestines, stomach, gallbladder), stretching of the outer shell of the liver and pancreas, circulatory disorders and inflammation of the organs themselves, the membrane of the abdominal cavity covering them.

Physiological reasons for loose stools can be:

• increased secretion of fluid into the intestinal cavity due to its irritation, for example, bacterial toxins during food poisoning,
• accumulation in the small and large intestines of substances that attract water, as happens, in particular, with lactose intolerance;
• inflammation of the intestine, accompanied by the release of various fluids into it, for example, mucus, pus in ulcerative colitis;
• increased intestinal peristalsis, e. g. in irritable bowel syndrome,
• retarded motility, such as in scleroderma.

Diarrhea and abdominal pain often co-occur due to common causes. In particular, an increase in the volume of intestinal contents and the accumulation of gases that stretch the walls of the intestine lead to the appearance of pain. Inflammation, spasms, in turn, increase the symptoms of the disease.

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Some diseases that cause diarrhea and stomach pain

Diarrhea is divided into acute and chronic. Acute lasts up to 2 weeks ¹ . If liquid feces are observed for more than 4 weeks, they speak of a chronic form ² . Both options can be with the same diseases.

1. Intestinal infections and toxic infections

Acute diarrhea is most often of an infectious nature ¹ occurs as a result of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins entering the body through the use of contaminated water and food, neglect of personal hygiene ¹ .

¹ :

• bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrios, Campylobacter, Yersinia;
• viruses, for example enteroviruses, rotaviruses or adenoviruses;
• various protozoa: amoeba dysentery, giardia, etc.

Loose stools can be from several to 30-40 times a day ¹ , often accompanied by cramping pain in the abdominal cavity, fever, weakness. The appearance of nausea, vomiting may be associated with damage to the stomach and small intestine, that is, with the development of gastroenteritis ¹ .

Nausea, weakness, abdominal pain and diarrhea, mucus and blood in the feces, false urge to defecate are more common with colitis, that is, inflammation of the colon ¹ .

Intestinal infections, especially in children, the elderly, are dangerous due to dehydration ¹ . Therefore, with frequent vomiting, the appearance of liquid feces in the stool, you need to contact an infectious disease specialist.

2. Traveler’s diarrhea

Most often it is encountered by tourists visiting Central and West Africa, India. What to do: Diarrhea and abdominal pain can be associated with changes in diet, water quality, acclimatization, jet lag, and other stresses. The causative agents of the infection are some strains of E. coli ¹ . Violation of the chair occurs upon arrival or in the first two days of stay in a new country, usually happens up to 3 times a day, is accompanied by cramping pain in the abdominal cavity, lasts an average of no more than a week ¹ , you can cope with it yourself. If symptoms persist for longer, a doctor’s consultation and examination are necessary.

3. Food allergy

More common intolerance to cow’s milk and products from it, as well as eggs, nuts, fish, cereals, strawberries, chocolate, coffee, tomatoes, etc. ² . Therefore, if every time after eating a particular product, loose stools appear and the stomach starts to hurt, then perhaps we are talking about an allergy.

Allergic stool disorders are associated with the action of inflammatory mediators ² . They cause swelling of the intestinal walls, increase the secretion of fluid into the intestinal cavity and cause its spasms.

Exclusion of allergenic foods from the diet contributes to the normalization of the condition. Their repeated inclusion in the diet leads to liquefaction of feces.

4. Lactase deficiency and celiac disease

Lactase deficiency is a congenital or acquired deficiency of the enzyme lactase, which breaks down cow’s milk protein, or lactose. Its classic manifestations are pain, bloating and loud rumbling in the abdominal cavity that occur after the consumption of dairy products, preceding the release of liquid stools with an unpleasant sour odor.

What to do for stomach pain and diarrhea in lactose intolerance? Of course, exclude milk and products in the manufacture of which it is used.

Celiac disease – intolerance to cereal protein, gluten. Wheat and rye contain the most gluten, so discomfort in the abdominal cavity often occurs after eating flour products. The exclusion of cereals from the diet contributes to the normalization of the condition.

5. Irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder ² . The reason for its development is still unclear. It is believed that emotional factors, hormonal changes, nutrition, individual characteristics of intestinal motility play a certain role.

IBS often occurs with alternating constipation with loose stools. Diarrhea occurs mainly in the morning after breakfast, never bothers at night ² . It is accompanied by pulling pain in the lower half of the abdominal cavity, the release of a small amount of feces in the form of gruel. In some patients, the feces are dense, lumpy at the beginning of defecation, and then mushy or even watery. To restore the normal excretion of feces, it is necessary, first of all, to normalize the psychological state and hormonal levels.

6. Chronic enteritis

Chronic enteritis, or long-term inflammation of the small intestine, can develop as a result of malnutrition, autoimmune diseases, parasitic infections, long-term uncontrolled use of certain drugs and other factors.

The disease is accompanied not only by a violation of the stool, but also by a change in the digestion of food, the assimilation of nutrients. Diarrhea occurs 1-3 times a day ^1.3 . There are many stools, they are watery, frothy. Pain sensations are localized mainly in the area on the left above the navel, are dull in nature, accompanied by rumbling and transfusion in the intestines. Prolonged indigestion leads to weight loss, deterioration of the skin, hair and nails, and the appearance of signs of hypovitaminosis. In severe cases, dehydration occurs, the work of all digestive organs and the endocrine system is disrupted. Treatment depends on the cause of the disease, including taking antidiarrheal drugs.

7.

Chronic colitis

Chronic colitis, or inflammation of the colon, also causes abdominal discomfort. Symptoms of exacerbation of the disease – aching pain in the lateral sections and lower abdomen, diarrhea 3-10 times a day ^1.3 . Unlike enteritis, the amount of feces is not increased, they look like gruel. Typical false urge to defecate with the release of a small amount of feces or just mucus.

If inflammation of the colon is accompanied by the formation of ulcers on its walls, as is the case with ulcerative colitis, intestinal spasms become severe, pus and blood appear in the stool, body temperature rises, weight loss is noted ^1.2 .

8. Other diseases

Violation of the stool, discomfort in the abdominal cavity can be associated not only with intestinal problems.

Diarrhea, heaviness in the left side are sometimes a sign of chronic pancreatitis ^1.3 . The cause of loose stools in this case is indigestion, which occurs due to a lack of pancreatic enzymes. Fecal masses have a fetid putrid odor, contain undigested food residues and fat.

Stomach pain and chronic diarrhea are sometimes signs of stomach cancer ³ . The disease is accompanied by a decrease in gastric secretion and acidity, which causes a rapid evacuation of the food eaten into the small intestine, the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis with its inherent symptom of diarrhea. Colon cancer can also lead to loose stools.

There are many reasons for the appearance of pain in the intestines and diarrhea, therefore, when they appear, you should consult a doctor and undergo an examination. Only a doctor can establish the true cause of violations, prescribe adequate treatment.

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When to see a doctor urgently

Abdominal pain with diarrhea should always be a concern. Short-term disturbance of the stool occurs in many acute diseases requiring surgical care ³ , for example, in the first stage of intestinal obstruction, biliary colic or appendicitis ³ .

You need to see a doctor urgently if:

• you have severe stomach pain and diarrhea;
• fever, chills appeared, the general condition continues to deteriorate;
• Pain is accompanied by tension in the anterior abdominal wall;
• vomiting is frequent, it does not bring relief;
• feces contain red blood or are black;
• Loss of liquid with liquid fecal masses cannot be compensated by the stool on its own due to incessant vomiting and diarrhea, the stomach hurts and it is not clear what to do;
• there are signs of dehydration: dry mucous membranes and plaque on the tongue, sunken eyes, pallor and grayish skin tone, confusion, lack of urination;
• diarrhea, pain in the abdominal cavity occurred in a small child, a pregnant woman, an elderly or debilitated person.

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What to do if you have a stomach ache and diarrhea

In case of acute diarrhea and pain in the abdominal cavity, qualified medical assistance is needed, so you need to call a doctor at home.

What to do before the consultation ^1.2 :

• stop eating,
• drink still mineral water,
• keep physical peace.

What not to do if you have a stomach ache and diarrhea:

• take medications, including antibiotics, painkillers, antispasmodics, antidiarrheals – they can “blur” the picture of the disease and make it difficult to diagnose;
• apply a heating pad to the sore spot – heat can contribute to the development of infection and inflammation;

Treatment of diarrhea includes prevention and control of dehydration, diet therapy and stool normalization.

1. Rehydration, or replenishment of the water-salt balance

To restore the water and electrolyte balance, it is not enough to use ordinary drinking water. Together with loose stools, the body loses a large amount of minerals. Therefore, for drinking it is better to use special solutions or mineral water of a high degree of mineralization without gas ^{1. 2} .

2. Diet

Meals should be fractional, but high in calories, so as not to overload the digestive system and compensate for the loss of nutrients.

From the diet it is necessary to exclude flour products from yeast dough, dairy products, fresh vegetables and fruits, eggs, legumes, coffee, carbonated drinks, kvass ¹ . Spicy, fatty, fried, spicy dishes, canned food, smoked meats, marinades are not recommended ¹ .

3. Drug therapy

All medicines are prescribed by a doctor, based on the diagnosis and characteristics of the course of the disease. These can be antibiotics, enterosorbents, probiotics, prebiotics, eubiotics, antidiarrheals ^1.2 . As the last component, IMODIUM® Express can be recommended.

The active substance of IMODIUM® Express – loperamide ⁴ – can act for 4-6 hours, can reduce intestinal peristalsis, slow down the movement of its contents, promote the absorption of water and electrolytes ⁵ . This drug is used in the treatment of acute, chronic diarrhea of ​​various origins in adults and children over 6 years of age ⁴ .

The information in this article is for reference only and does not replace professional medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, contact a qualified specialist.

“Imodium is contraindicated for use in children under 6 years of age.”

Gastroenterology – Private Doctor – medical center in Moscow, family doctor’s clinic: new cheryomushki, academic, Kaluga, trade union, medical center of the South-Western Administrative District

Gastroenterology is a branch of medicine that studies the causes and mechanisms of the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, develops new methods for diagnosing, treating and preventing gastroenterological diseases.
If you are concerned about: pain or discomfort in the abdomen of various localization, bloating, belching, heartburn, bitterness in the mouth, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea or constipation – do not postpone your visit to a gastroenterologist.

In general, the digestive system is very complex and very vulnerable. Our life is filled with stress, malnutrition, bad ecology, fast rhythm and haste. All this significantly affects the state of the gastrointestinal tract, so the number of patients with gastroenterological diseases is growing. As stated in one of the ancient Indian treatises, which is dated 1515 – “Know that diseases come from eating bad food or eating during illness.” Often, ineffective treatment or self-medication contributes to the transition of the disease into a chronic form.

A gastroenterologist diagnoses and treats such diseases as:

• Gastritis;
• Pancreatitis;
• Intestinal dysbiosis;
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease or reflux esophagitis
• Ulcers of the duodenum and stomach;
• Colitis;
• Enteritis, enterocolitis,
• Cholecystitis, cholelithiasis,
• Hepatosis and hepatitis,
• Biliary dyskinesia,
• Irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation.

The most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract:

Gastritis is characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa. The general condition of a person worsens, pains, heaviness in the stomach, fatigue, weakness appear. Self-treatment in most cases leads to a chronic process. Gastritis is often caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Only properly selected H.pylori therapy gives positive results in the treatment of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, the achievement of stable remission of these diseases for a long time.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease – if you are worried about heartburn, belching or chest pain, you should definitely see a gastroenterologist. You can not take soda on your own, as its intake leads to a violation of the acid-base balance in the blood. Only a doctor can identify the causes leading to reflux (insufficiency of the sphincter in the area of ​​​​the transition of the esophagus to the stomach (cardia insufficiency), hiatal hernia) and choose the right treatment to prevent such serious complications as erosion and ulcer of the esophagus, perforation of the esophagus.

Pancreatitis is a disease of the pancreas that requires urgent treatment and consultation with a gastroenterologist. Complications of the disease can be life-threatening or lead to serious consequences, up to pancreatic necrosis and death.
Intestinal dysbacteriosis is an imbalance in the intestinal microflora. When the “beneficial” flora of the intestine decreases or disappears, as a result, the absorption of nutrients is disturbed. Also, dysbacteriosis is characterized by increased multiplication of “harmful” bacteria in the intestines, which should normally be small, resulting in flatulence (bloating) and diarrhea (diarrhea). This disease is very common in both adults and children after taking antibiotics. The disease may be accompanied by: bloating, belching, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, skin and allergic manifestations, early aging of the body. Even slightly pronounced dysbacteriosis requires treatment, as it can lead to metabolic and immunological changes in the body.

Peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach are chronic diseases prone to relapse. Often an ulcer is accompanied by the appearance of pain in the epigastric region, weakness, the appearance of a “black” stool. During such a period, it is necessary to urgently contact a gastroenterologist and undergo a diagnosis, since peptic ulcer disease entails serious complications that can threaten a person’s life – gastric bleeding, perforation of the ulcer.

Colitis – inflammation and damage to the mucous membrane of the large intestine, which usually appears with various infections, malnutrition, poisoning, immune system disorders. Its symptoms are abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by the appearance of blood and mucus in the stool.

Cholecystitis is characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder, which most often occurs as a result of ingestion of pathogenic bacteria or the development of gallstone disease. Stones in the gallbladder may not make themselves felt for a long time, but with banal infections, injuries or errors in the diet, an inflammatory process occurs in the gallbladder. If left untreated, this leads to purulent inflammation of the peritoneum, which requires immediate surgical intervention. If medical care is not provided within a few hours and an operation is performed, serious complications can follow, up to death from peritonitis and sepsis.

Enteritis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, which in the advanced stage threatens to ulcerate it. In the acute period of the disease, abdominal pain occurs, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, loss of appetite, weakness, and sometimes fever. Often with enteritis, the stomach and large intestine are involved in the inflammatory process.

Modern diagnostics of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract makes it possible to detect diseases of the digestive system even at the initial stage and includes the following examinations:

Blood tests – complete blood count; biochemical blood test for liver enzymes and samples; indicators of pigment metabolism of bilirubin; pancreatic enzymes; blood test for intestinal infections; helicobacter; viruses; protozoan and helminthic invasions.

Fecal tests – coprogram, fecal occult blood test, bile pigments; analysis of feces for dysbacteriosis, intestinal infections, protozoa, worms.
Urinalysis for bile pigments.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy – endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum – provides complete information about the state of the mucosa and digestive disorders in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In addition, during gastroscopy, you can get 100% information about the presence of a Helicobacter pylori infection in a person’s stomach and determine cancer in the early stages. Therefore, gastroscopy is recommended in terms of clinical examination annually (!) To all patients over 45 years of age.

Colonoscopy — endoscopic examination of the mucosa of all parts of the large intestine. Colonoscopy allows early detection of diverticula, tumors, intestinal inflammation, detection of polyps and their endoscopic removal. Both gastroscopy and colonoscopy can optionally be performed in a “medicated” sleep state, i.