Dysphagia (swallowing problems) | NHS inform

Most swallowing problems can be treated, although the treatment you receive will depend on the type of dysphagia you have.

Treatment will depend on whether your swallowing problem is in the mouth or throat (oropharyngeal, or “high” dysphagia), or in the oesophagus (oesophageal, or “low” dysphagia).

The cause of dysphagia is also considered when deciding on treatment. In some cases, treating the underlying cause, such as mouth cancer or oesophageal cancer, can help relieve swallowing problems.

Treatment for dysphagia may be managed by a group of specialists known as a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Your MDT may include a speech and language therapist (SLT), a surgeon, and a dietitian.

High (oropharyngeal) dysphagia

High dysphagia is swallowing difficulties caused by problems with the mouth or throat.

It can be difficult to treat if it’s caused by a condition that affects the nervous system. This is because these problems can’t usually be corrected using medication or surgery.

There are 3 main treatments for high dysphagia:

• swallowing therapy
• dietary changes 
• feeding tubes

Swallowing therapy

You may be referred to a speech and language therapist (SLT) for swallowing therapy if you have high dysphagia.

An SLT is a healthcare professional trained to work with people with feeding or swallowing difficulties.

SLTs use a range of techniques that can be tailored for your specific problem, such as teaching you swallowing exercises.

Dietary changes

You may be referred to a dietitian (specialist in nutrition) for advice about changes to your diet to make sure you receive a healthy, balanced diet.

An SLT can give you advice about softer foods and thickened fluids that you may find easier to swallow. They may also try to ensure you’re getting the support you need at meal times.

Feeding tubes

Feeding tubes can be used to provide nutrition while you’re recovering your ability to swallow. They may also be required in severe cases of dysphagia that put you at risk of malnutrition and dehydration.

A feeding tube can also make it easier for you to take the medication you may need for other conditions.

There are 2 types of feeding tubes:

• a nasogastric tube – a tube that is passed down your nose and into your stomach
• a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube – a tube that is implanted directly into your stomach

Nasogastric tubes are designed for short-term use. The tube will need to be replaced and swapped to the other nostril after about a month. PEG tubes are designed for long-term use and last several months before they need to be replaced.

Most people with dysphagia prefer to use a PEG tube because it can be hidden under clothing. However, they carry a greater risk of complications compared with nasogastric tubes.

Minor complications of PEG tubes include tube displacement, skin infection, and a blocked or leaking tube. 2 major complications of PEG tubes are infection and internal bleeding.

Resuming normal feeding may be more difficult with a PEG tube compared with using a nasogastric tube. The convenience of PEG tubes can make people less willing to carry out swallowing exercises and dietary changes than those who use nasogastric tubes.

You should discuss the pros and cons of both types of feeding tubes with your treatment team.

Low (oesophageal) dysphagia

Low dysphagia is swallowing difficulties caused by problems with the oesophagus.

Medication

Depending on the cause of low dysphagia, it may be possible to treat it with medication. For example, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used to treat indigestion may improve symptoms caused by narrowing or scarring of the oesophagus. 

Botulinum toxin

Botulinum toxin can sometimes be used to treat achalasia. This is a condition where the muscles in the oesophagus become too stiff to allow food and liquid to enter the stomach.

It can be used to paralyse the tightened muscles that prevent food from reaching the stomach. However, the effects only last for around 6 months.

Surgery

Other cases of low dysphagia can usually be treated with surgery.

Endoscopic dilatation

Endoscopic dilation is widely used to treat dysphagia caused by obstruction. It can also be used to stretch your oesophagus if it’s scarred.

Endoscopic dilatation will be carried out during an internal examination of your oesophagus (gastroscopy) using an endoscopy.

An endoscope is passed down your throat and into your oesophagus, and images of the inside of your body are transmitted to a television screen.

Using the image as guidance, a small balloon or a bougie (a thin, flexible medical instrument) is passed through the narrowed part of your oesophagus to widen it. If a balloon is used, it will be gradually inflated to widen your oesophagus before being deflated and removed.

You may be given a mild sedative before the procedure to relax you. There’s a small risk that the procedure could cause a tear or perforate your oesophagus.

Find out more about gastroscopy.

Inserting a stent

If you have oesophageal cancer that can’t be removed, it’s usually recommended that you have a stent inserted instead of endoscopic dilatation. This is because, if you have cancer, there’s a higher risk of perforating your oesophagus if it’s stretched.

A stent (usually a metal mesh tube) is inserted into your oesophagus during an endoscopy or under X-ray guidance.

The stent then gradually expands to create a passage wide enough to allow food to pass through. You’ll need to follow a particular diet to keep the stent open without having blockages.

Congenital dysphagia

If your baby is born with difficulty swallowing (congenital dysphagia), their treatment will depend on the cause.

Cerebral palsy

Dysphagia caused by cerebral palsy can be treated with speech and language therapy. Your child will be taught how to swallow, how to adjust the type of food they eat, and how to use feeding tubes.  

Cleft lip and palate

Cleft lip and palate is a facial birth defect that can cause dysphagia. It’s usually treated with surgery. 

Narrowing of the oesophagus

Narrowing of the oesophagus may be treated with a type of surgery called dilatation to widen the oesophagus. 

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

Dysphagia caused by gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) can be treated using special thickened feeds instead of your usual breast or formula milk. Sometimes medication may also be used.

Breastfeeding or bottle feeding

If you’re having difficulty bottle feeding or breastfeeding your baby, see your midwife, health visitor or GP

Oesophageal cancer – Illnesses & conditions

See all parts of this guide

Hide guide parts

1. 1.

   About oesophageal cancer

2. 2.

   Symptoms of oesophageal cancer

3. 3.

   Causes of oesophageal cancer

4. 4.

   Diagnosing oesophageal cancer

5. 5.

   Treating oesophageal cancer

6. 6.

   Living with oesophageal cancer

About oesophageal cancer

Oesophageal cancer is a type of cancer affecting the oesophagus (gullet) – the long tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach.

It mainly affects people in their 60s and 70s and is more common in men than women.

Symptoms of oesophageal cancer

Oesophageal cancer doesn’t usually cause any symptoms in the early stages when the tumour is small. It’s only when it gets bigger that symptoms tend to develop.

Symptoms of oesophageal cancer can include:

• difficulty swallowing
• persistent indigestion or heartburn
• bringing up food soon after eating
• loss of appetite and weight loss
• pain or discomfort in your upper tummy, chest or back

Read more about the symptoms of oesophageal cancer

When to get medical advice

Speak to your GP if you experience:

• swallowing difficulties
• heartburn on most days for three weeks or more
• any other unusual or persistent symptoms

The symptoms can be caused by several conditions and in many cases won’t be caused by cancer – but it’s a good idea to get them checked out.

If your GP thinks you need to have some tests, they can refer you to a hospital specialist.

Read about how oesophageal cancer is diagnosed

Causes of oesophageal cancer

The exact cause of oesophageal cancer is unknown, but the following things can increase your risk:

• persistent gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
• smoking
• drinking too much alcohol over a long period of time
• being overweight or obese
• having an unhealthy diet that’s low in fruit and vegetables

Stopping smoking, cutting down on alcohol, losing weight and having a healthy diet may help reduce your risk of developing oesophageal cancer.

Read more about the causes of oesophageal cancer

Treatments for oesophageal cancer

If oesophageal cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, it may be possible to cure it with:

• surgery to remove the affected section of oesophagus
• chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy (chemoradiation), to kill the cancerous cells and shrink the tumour

If oesophageal cancer is diagnosed at a later stage, a cure may not be achievable.

But in these cases, surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be used to help keep the cancer under control and relieve any symptoms you have.

Read more about how oesophageal cancer is treated and living with oesophageal cancer

Symptoms of oesophageal cancer

Oesophageal cancer doesn’t usually have any symptoms at first. But as the cancer grows, it can cause swallowing problems and other symptoms.

Difficulty swallowing

Difficulty swallowing is the most common symptom of oesophageal cancer.

The cancer can narrow the oesophagus, making it difficult for food to pass down. It may feel as though food is getting stuck and sometimes swallowing may be uncomfortable or painful.

You may have to chew your food more thoroughly, or you can only eat soft foods. If the tumour continues to grow, even liquids may become difficult to swallow.

Other symptoms

Other symptoms of oesophageal cancer can include:

• persistent indigestion or heartburn
• bringing up food soon after eating
• loss of appetite and weight loss
• persistent vomiting
• pain or discomfort in your upper tummy, chest or back
• a persistent cough
• hoarseness
• tiredness, shortness of breath and pale skin
• vomiting blood or coughing up blood – although this is uncommon

When to get medical advice

Speak to your GP if you experience:

• swallowing difficulties
• heartburn on most days for three weeks or more
• any other unusual or persistent symptoms

The symptoms can be caused by several conditions and in many cases won’t be caused by cancer – but it’s a good idea to get them checked out.

Read about how oesophageal cancer is diagnosed

Causes of oesophageal cancer

The exact cause of oesophageal cancer is unknown, but certain things can increase the risk of it developing.

GORD and Barrett’s oesophagus

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a condition in which a weakness in the muscles above the stomach means stomach acid can travel up into the oesophagus.

In around 1 in 10 people with GORD, repeated damage from stomach acid over many years can eventually cause changes in the cells lining the oesophagus. This is called Barrett’s oesophagus.

These abnormal cells are at an increased risk of becoming cancerous in the future, although the risk is still small. It’s estimated that 1 in every 10 to 20 people with Barrett’s oesophagus will develop cancer within 10 to 20 years.

Alcohol

Drinking too much alcohol causes irritation and inflammation in the lining of the oesophagus.

If the cells in the lining of your gullet become inflamed, they’re more likely to become cancerous.

Read more about alcohol and drinking, including tips on cutting down

Smoking

Tobacco smoke contains many harmful toxins and chemicals. These substances irritate the cells that make up the lining of the oesophagus, which increases the likelihood that they will become cancerous.

The longer you smoke, the greater your risk of developing oesophageal cancer.

Read more about getting help to stop smoking

Obesity

If you’re overweight or obese, your risk of developing cancer of the oesophagus is higher than people of a healthy weight. The more overweight you are, the higher the risk.

This may be partly because obese people are more at risk of developing GORD and Barrett’s oesophagus (see above).

Read more information and advice about losing weight

Diet

Not eating enough fruit and vegetables may increase your risk of getting oesophageal cancer.

You should aim to eat at least 5 portions of fresh fruit and vegetables every day.

Read more about having a healthy diet

Other medical conditions

Certain rare medical conditions can also increase your chances of developing cancer of the oesophagus, including:

• achalasia – where the oesophagus loses the ability to move food along, causing vomiting and acid reflux
• Paterson-Brown Kelly syndrome (also called Plummer Vinson syndrome) – a condition that can cause iron deficiency anaemia and small growths in the throat 
• tylosis – an inherited skin condition

Diagnosing oesophageal cancer

Speak to your GP if you experience symptoms of oesophageal cancer. They will carry out an initial assessment and decide whether you need to have any further tests.

Seeing your GP

Your GP may:

• ask about the symptoms you’re experiencing
• carry out a physical examination
• take a look at your medical history

If your GP thinks you need to have some tests, they can refer you to a hospital specialist. This will usually be a gastroenterologist (specialist in conditions affecting the digestive system).

Tests to diagnose oesophageal cancer

The 2 main tests used to diagnose oesophageal cancer are:

• an endoscopy – this is the most common test
• a barium swallow or barium meal

Endoscopy

An endoscopy is a procedure that allows your doctor to see inside your oesophagus so they can check for cancer.

A thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end (an endoscope) is passed into your mouth and down towards your stomach.

Small samples of tissue are also removed from your oesophagus so they can be checked for cancer under a microscope. This is called a biopsy.

You’ll be awake while an endoscopy is carried out. It shouldn’t be painful, but may be a bit uncomfortable.

You’ll normally be given local anaesthetic to numb your throat and possibly a sedative to help you relax.

Barium swallow or barium meal

A barium swallow or barium meal involves drinking a harmless white liquid called barium before several X-rays are taken.

The barium coats the lining of your oesophagus so it shows up on the X-ray. This can show whether there’s anything blocking your oesophagus, which may be a sign of cancer.

This test isn’t used to diagnose oesophageal cancer very often nowadays because the best way to confirm a diagnosis is to use tissue samples taken during an endoscopy.

Further tests

If you have oesophageal cancer, further tests will be recommended to determine how far the cancer has spread – known as called the ‘stage’. 

These tests may include:

• a computerised tomography (CT) scan – where a series of X-rays are taken and put together by a computer to create a detailed picture of the inside of your body
• an endoscopic ultrasound scan – where a small probe that produces sound waves is passed down your throat to create an image of your oesophagus and the surrounding area
• a positron emission tomography (PET) scan – a scan that can help show how far the cancer has spread
• a laparoscopy – a type of keyhole surgery performed under general anaesthetic (where you’re asleep), in which a thin tube with a camera at the end is inserted through a cut in your skin to examine the area around your oesophagus

Stages of oesophageal cancer

The most widely used system for staging oesophageal cancer is the TNM system. This involves scoring the cancer in 3 categories:

• T (tumour) – the location and size of the tumour
• N (node) – whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes (a network of glands throughout the body)
• M (metastasis) – whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, liver or bones

Scores for each category are then often used in a simpler number system, ranging from stage 1 (early cancer) to stage 4 (advanced cancer).

Knowing the stage of your cancer will help your care team work out the best treatment for you.

Read more about treatments for oesophageal cancer

Read further information:

• Cancer Research UK: diagnosing oesophageal cancer
• Cancer Research UK: stages and grades of oesophageal cancer
• Macmillan: how oesophageal cancer is diagnosed
• Macmillan: staging oesophageal cancer

Treating oesophageal cancer

The main treatments for oesophageal cancer are surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Your treatment plan

You’ll be cared for by a group of different healthcare professionals and your team will recommend a treatment plan they feel is most suitable for you, although final treatment decisions will be yours.

Your plan will largely depend on how far your cancer has spread – known as the ‘stage’.

• stage 1 to 3 oesophageal cancer is usually treated with surgery to remove the affected section of oesophagus (oesophagectomy) – chemotherapy and sometimes radiotherapy may be given before surgery to make it more effective or is sometimes used instead of surgery
• stage 4 oesophageal cancer has usually spread too far for a cure to be possible, but chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other treatments can slow the spread of the cancer and relieve symptoms

Read more about the stages of oesophageal cancer

Surgery

There are 3 main types of surgery for oesophageal cancer.

Oesophagectomy

An oesophagectomy is the main treatment for early-stage oesophageal cancer.

During the procedure, your surgeon will remove the section of your oesophagus that contains the tumour and, if necessary, the nearby lymph nodes. A small portion of your stomach may also need to be removed.

The remaining section of your oesophagus is then reconnected to your stomach.

To access your oesophagus, your surgeon will either make incisions (cuts) in your tummy and chest, or in your tummy and neck.

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)

A procedure called endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) may sometimes be an option instead of an oesophagectomy if oesophageal cancer is diagnosed very early on.

It involves cutting out the tumour using a loop of wire at the end of a thin flexible tube (endoscope). The endoscope is passed down your throat so no incisions are made in your skin.

Sometimes radiowaves may also be used to destroy the cancerous tissue (called radiofrequency ablation or RFA).

Stents

For more advanced cases of oesophageal cancer that are causing swallowing difficulties, a procedure to insert a hollow tube called a stent into the oesophagus may be recommended.

The stent expands once in place and holds the oesophagus open.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves taking medicines that kill the cancer cells or stop them multiplying.

It may be used:

• before and sometimes after surgery, either with or without radiotherapy – to shrink the cancer and reduce the risk of it coming back
• instead of surgery – in combination with radiotherapy (called chemoradiation)
• to relieve your symptoms if curative treatment isn’t possible

The medicines can be given into a vein or taken as tablets. You’ll usually have the treatment every 3 weeks over a period of 6 to 18 weeks.

Side effects

Common side effects of chemotherapy include:

• feeling sick
• loss of appetite
• losing weight
• diarrhoea
• feeling very tired
• increased risk of infections
• bleeding and bruising easily

These side effects should improve gradually after treatment stops.  

Read more about the side effects of chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy involves using radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumours.

It may be used:

• in combination with chemotherapy before surgery – to shrink the cancer and reduce the risk of it coming back
• instead of surgery – usually in combination with chemotherapy (called chemoradiation)
• to relieve your symptoms if curative treatment isn’t possible

Radiotherapy is most often given using an external machine that directs beams of radiation at your oesophagus, or sometimes by temporarily placing a small piece of radioactive material in your oesophagus (brachytherapy).

Side effects

Common side effects of radiotherapy include:

• tiredness
• temporary soreness when swallowing
• temporary worsening of swallowing difficulties
• a dry throat
• feeling or being sick
• reddening of the skin and loss of body hair in the treatment area

These side effects should improve gradually after treatment stops.  

Read more about the side effects of radiotherapy

Read further information:

• Cancer Research UK: treatments for oesophageal cancer
• Macmillan: treatments for oesophageal cancer

Living with oesophageal cancer

Having oesophageal cancer can have a big impact on your life, but support is available to help you cope.

Eating and swallowing

You may have swallowing difficulties during and after treatment for oesophageal cancer.

There are treatments that can help – including surgery to place a hollow tube (stent) in your oesophagus, or a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy – although they may not work immediately.

You might need to have a temporary feeding tube placed or fluids given through a drip inserted in a vein to begin with, before moving onto fluids by mouth and soft foods. You may eventually be able to eat solid food.

A speech and language therapist can assess your ability to swallow and suggest ways to overcome any problems.  A dietitian can also help with any changes you need to make to your diet.

Read further information:

• Cancer Research UK: eating and oesophageal cancer
• Macmillan: swallowing problems

Support and advice

Coping with a diagnosis of cancer can be very difficult. You may find it helpful to:

• talk to your friends and family – be open about how you feel and what your family and friends can do to help may put you and them at ease
• communicate with others in the same situation – you may want to contact a local support group or join a forum such as the HealthUnlocked forum for oesophageal patients or Cancer Chat
• find out more about your condition – check websites such as Cancer Research UK or Macmillan, or speak to your care team or GP if you have any questions about your condition
• take time out for yourself – don’t feel shy about telling friends and family if you want some time to yourself

Read further information:

• Cancer Research UK: coping with oesophageal cancer
• Macmillan: coping with oesophageal cancer

Work

Having oesophageal cancer doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll have to give up work, although you may need quite a lot of time off. During treatment, you may not be able to carry on as you did before.

If you have cancer, you’re covered by the Disability Discrimination Act. This means that your employer isn’t allowed to discriminate against you because of your illness.

They have a duty to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ to help you cope, such as:

• allowing you time off for treatment and medical appointments
• allowing flexibility with working hours, the tasks you have to perform, or your working environment

You should give your employer as much information as possible about how much time you’ll need off and when. Speak to a member of your human resources department, if you have one.

If you’re having difficulties with your employer you may be able to get help from your union, association representative or local Citizens Advice Bureau.

Read further information:

• Macmillan: work and cancer

Money and benefits

If you have to reduce or stop work because of your cancer, you may find it difficult to cope financially.  You may be entitled to financial support:

• if you have a job but can’t work because of your illness, you’re entitled to Statutory Sick Pay from your employer
• if you don’t have a job and can’t work because of your illness, you may be entitled to Employment and Support Allowance
• if you’re caring for someone with cancer, you may be entitled to Carer’s Allowance
• you may be eligible for other benefits if you have children living at home or you have a low household income

It’s a good idea to find out what help is available as soon as possible. You could ask to speak to the social worker at your hospital, who can give you the information you need.

Read further information:

• GOV.UK: benefits information
• Macmillan: benefits and financial support

Palliative care

If you’re told there is nothing more that can be done to treat your oesophageal cancer or you decide to decline treatment, your GP or care team will provide you with support and pain relief. This is called palliative care.

You can choose to receive palliative care:

• at home
• in a care home
• in hospital 
• in a hospice

Your doctor or care team should work with you to establish a clear plan based on your wishes.

Read further information:

• End of life care
• Cancer Research UK: coping with advanced cancer
• Macmillan: supportive and palliative care

Caring for someone with cancer

Being a carer isn’t easy. It can be emotionally and physically draining, and make it easy for you to forget your own health and mental wellbeing.

But putting yourself last doesn’t work in the long-term. If you’re caring for someone else, it’s important to look after yourself and get as much help as possible.

It’s in your best interests, as well as those of the person you are caring for.

Read more about getting care and support on the Care Information Scotland website.

Film Asphyxiation (USA, 2008) – Afisha-Kino 5

9 0004 Belgorod,

90 004 Buguruslan,

9000 4 Grozny,

9 0004 Klintsy,

90 004 Krasnoyarsk,

9000 4 Saransk,

900 04 Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk,

symptoms, causes and remedies

Content

• 1 Worried about suffocation
  • 1. 1 What is suffocation?
  • 1.2 What symptoms accompany suffocation?
  • 1.3 What causes suffocation?
  • 1.4 What medical conditions can be associated with choking?
  • 1.5 How to relieve choking at home?
  • 1.6 What diagnostic methods are used to determine the causes of suffocation?
  • 1.7 What professional methods can help with choking?
  • 1.8 What medicines can help with choking?
  • 1.9 Are there specialized methods to relieve choking?
  • 1.10 Related videos:
  • 1.11 Q&A:
    • • 1.11.0.1 What are the symptoms of suffocation?
      • 1.11.0.2 What causes suffocation?
      • 1.11.0.3 What can be done to relieve suffocation?
      • 1.11.0.4 When should I seek medical attention if I am choking?
      • 1.11.0.5 What is a panic attack and can it cause suffocation?
      • 1.11.0.6 What medical investigations may be required to determine the cause of suffocation?
  • 1. 12 What non-surgical procedures are used to treat choking?
  • 1.13 When should I see a doctor for choking?

Worried about choking? Find out the causes, symptoms and treatment options for the choking condition. Detailed advice and recommendations from doctors to get rid of discomfort and restore normal breathing.

Choking, or feeling short of breath, is one of the most frightening and disturbing symptoms a person can experience. The feeling of suffocation can be both short-term and long-term, causing a feeling of fear and panic.

Symptoms of choking may include a feeling of tightness in the throat, difficulty in breathing, a feeling of heaviness in the chest, shortness of breath and suffocation. The intensity of symptoms can range from a mild nuisance to an extremely severe condition requiring immediate attention.

Causes of choking can be varied and include conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergies, tonsillitis, as well as psychological causes such as panic attacks and anxiety disorders.

Ways to relieve suffocation depend on its cause. In the event of acute attacks of choking, such as an asthma attack or sore throat, medical attention should be sought immediately. Medications such as bronchodilators or anti-inflammatory drugs may be used to relieve symptoms. In cases related to psychological causes, it is recommended to seek the help of a psychologist or psychiatrist, who can offer effective methods of treatment and relief of the symptoms of suffocation.

What is suffocation?

Choking is a condition in which a person has difficulty breathing due to narrowing of the airways. Choking can be one of the symptoms of various diseases such as asthma, allergic reaction, bronchitis, acute respiratory viral infection and others.

When choking, a person may experience a feeling of lack of air, severe tingling or discomfort in the chest, difficulty breathing, often even with sagging shoulders, rapid heartbeat. In some cases, pallor of the skin, loss of consciousness, or convulsions may occur.

The causes of suffocation can vary. One of the most common causes is an obstructive lung disease such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Choking can also be caused by an allergic reaction to pollen, animal hair, dust, or other allergens.

The treatment for choking depends on the cause. In some cases, simple breathing techniques, such as standing upright, calming breathing, and avoiding triggers, are sufficient. In more serious cases, medical therapy may be required, including anti-inflammatory drugs, bronchodilators, and glucocorticosteroids. In the event of an allergic reaction, it may be necessary to use antiallergic drugs or epinephrine injections.

It is important to note that choking can be a sign of a serious illness, so if it occurs, see a doctor for diagnosis and optimal treatment.

What symptoms accompany suffocation?

Choking is a serious condition characterized by difficulty in breathing and feeling short of breath. This can be due to a variety of reasons, including an allergic reaction, asthma, pneumonia, or cardiovascular disease.

The main symptoms of suffocation are:

• Difficulty breathing or feeling of suffocation
• Rapid and shallow breathing
• Strong or frequent sneezing
• Pain when breathing or feeling of pressure in the chest
• Shu we or wheezing when breathing
• Paleness or blueness of the skin

In some cases, choking may be accompanied by other symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, unconsciousness, or chest pain.

If you experience these symptoms of choking, it is important to seek immediate medical attention. The doctor will be able to diagnose and determine the cause of suffocation, as well as suggest appropriate treatment.

Yes, often

0%

Yes, sometimes

0%

What causes suffocation?

Choking is a condition where a person has difficulty breathing and feels discomfort in the chest. Choking can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Allergic reaction. Some people are allergic to certain substances such as dust, pollen, animal dander, or certain foods. Upon contact with the allergen, they may experience swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, which leads to suffocation.
2. Asthma. It is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. During an asthma attack, a person may experience shortness of breath and difficulty breathing.
3. Diseases of the heart. Some heart conditions, such as angina pectoris or heart failure, can cause choking. This is due to a restriction of the blood supply to the heart or a violation of its function.
4. Psychological problems. Severe emotional arousal or panic attacks can cause choking in some people. This is due to increased activity of the nervous system and changes in respiratory function.
5. Difficulty in breathing due to external causes. Some physical factors, such as hypothermia, intense physical activity, or depression, can cause choking.

If you experience choking or difficulty breathing, it is important to seek medical attention to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.

What medical conditions can be associated with choking?

Choking can be a symptom of various medical conditions. One of the most common causes of choking is asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that can cause breathlessness. During an asthma attack, breathing becomes difficult and the patient may feel a sensation of suffocation or suffocation.

Another condition associated with choking is heart failure. In heart failure, the heart cannot pump blood efficiently around the body, which can cause pulmonary edema and a feeling of suffocation. Choking in heart failure is usually aggravated by exertion or by lying down.

Choking can also be associated with panic attacks or anxiety disorders. During a panic attack, a person may experience a feeling of suffocation, extreme anxiety, rapid heart rate, and sweating. Panic attacks can happen suddenly and for no apparent reason, and they can be very frightening for the person experiencing them.

Other conditions that may be associated with choking include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tonsillitis, allergic reactions, and menopause. COPD is a progressive lung disease that causes difficulty breathing and a feeling of suffocation. Angina is a condition in which the arteries of the heart are narrowed, which can lead to chest pain and choking. Allergic reactions can cause swelling of the throat, leading to a feeling of suffocation. Menopause, or menopause, can also cause a feeling of suffocation in some women due to hormonal changes in the body.

How to relieve choking at home?

Choking can be not only unpleasant, but also a very dangerous condition, so at the first sign, steps should be taken to alleviate the symptoms. At home, there are several simple ways that can help deal with choking.

1. Get into a seated position and find a comfortable place to rest. It is important to focus on your breathing and try to relax.

2. Pay attention to your breathing and try to take a few deep breaths in and out. Deep breathing helps to expand the bronchi and bring the respiratory system to a more relaxed state.

3. If choking is caused by an allergic reaction, it is important to avoid contact with the allergen and take antihistamines to help relieve swelling in the airways.

4. The air in the room should be fresh and clean. Ventilate the room regularly and avoid smoky or enclosed spaces as this can make suffocation worse.

5. If you have a dry cough, it is helpful to drink warm liquids such as herbal teas or warm water with honey. Such drinks will help moisturize the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and relieve coughing.

6. It is important to observe the diet and avoid excessive burden on the stomach. Light carbs, fruits and vegetables can be good food options for choking as they don’t put any extra strain on the body.

7. In some cases, it may be helpful to apply a hot compress to the chest. For example, hot water with salt or mustard powder applied to the chest can relieve spasm and make breathing easier.

8. If choking becomes worse or lasts for a long time, you should consult a doctor to get professional help and determine the cause of this condition.

What diagnostic methods are used to determine the causes of suffocation?

Various diagnostic methods are used to determine the cause of choking, including objective examinations and clinical tests.

One of the main methods of diagnosis is a physical examination of the patient. The doctor performs an examination in which he examines the condition of the airways and performs auscultation to look for possible changes in breathing sounds and the presence of suspicious symptoms.

Laboratory tests may be ordered for more information about the causes of suffocation. A blood test can detect the presence of allergic reactions or infectious diseases that may be associated with suffocation. Lung and heart function tests may also be measured to evaluate their performance.

Specialized testing may be required to more accurately determine the cause of suffocation. One such method is bronchoscopy, which involves inserting a flexible tube through the nose or mouth to visually inspect the airways and look for possible obstructions.

Another method of diagnosis is a chest CT scan, which allows you to get a detailed picture of the internal organs and identify possible changes or diseases that may be associated with suffocation.

Depending on the symptoms and suspected cause of choking, your doctor may order other diagnostic tests, such as electrocardiography, x-rays, or spirometry.

What professional methods can help with choking?

When breathing problems occur and choking becomes chronic, professional help should be sought. They will be able to diagnose and determine the causes of this condition, after which they will offer the appropriate treatment.

The first step is to see a general practitioner or pulmonologist who will examine you and look for possible lung or respiratory problems. If necessary, the doctor may order x-rays, computed tomography, or other additional studies to obtain a more accurate picture.

To treat choking, a specialist may prescribe various medications such as bronchodilators, steroids or antibiotics, depending on the cause of the symptoms. With prolonged poor health, a sick leave and hospitalization may be required for observation and complex treatment.

One of the effective methods for choking is physiotherapy. During the treatment, various methods can be used: breathing exercises, back and chest massage, inhalations and other physical procedures. Regular physical therapy classes will help improve the condition of the respiratory system and relieve suffocation.

If necessary, the specialist may recommend an operation or procedure, such as removal of a tumor, expansion of the airway, or implantation of medical devices to facilitate breathing. Operative methods are used in severe cases when other methods do not bring sufficient relief.

In any case, in case of difficulty breathing and choking, it is necessary to contact a specialist as soon as possible in order to receive qualified assistance. Asphyxiation treatment requires a comprehensive approach and professional intervention to achieve the best result and improve the quality of life.

Which medicines can help with choking?

Choking is a serious and potentially dangerous symptom that can be caused by a variety of causes. It is often recommended to see a doctor for choking to determine the cause and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Depending on the cause of choking, your doctor may recommend different medications. For example, if choking is caused by an allergic reaction, medications containing antihistamines can help reduce swelling and improve breathing.

Your doctor may prescribe bronchodilators to relieve choking caused by airway obstruction. These drugs widen the airways and improve airflow, which makes breathing easier.

If choking is associated with gastroesophageal reflux or heartburn, drugs may be prescribed to reduce stomach acid production or to form a protective layer on the walls of the esophagus.

Hormone therapy may also be used to treat choking if choking is caused by asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hormones help reduce inflammation in the airways and improve lung function.

In each case, the use of drugs should be agreed with the doctor in order to find the most effective and safe treatment for choking. Do not forget that self-medication can lead to serious consequences, so it is important to seek help from a specialist.

Are there specialized methods to relieve choking?

Relief of choking can be achieved by various specialized methods, depending on the cause of this symptom. If the choking is caused by an allergic reaction, then the first step is to stop contact with the allergen. If this fails, then relief can be achieved by taking antihistamines, which reduce allergy symptoms, including choking.

If you have choking caused by laryngitis or swallowing edema, your doctor may prescribe decongestants to reduce swelling and improve your airway. If choking is caused by asthma, specialized inhalers can help widen the airways and relieve choking.

In addition to medical methods, there are also special breathing and physical exercises that can relieve choking. For example, the deep breathing technique can help expand the lungs and improve the airway. Specific exercises to strengthen the muscles of the neck, chest, and diaphragm may also be helpful to improve respiratory function and reduce choking.

It is important to note that specialized methods to relieve choking should only be prescribed and carried out under medical supervision. Specific methods and drugs may depend on the cause and characteristics of choking, so self-medication can be dangerous. If you experience choking or other serious symptoms, you should consult a doctor for advice and appropriate treatment.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What are the symptoms of suffocation?

Symptoms of choking may include shortness of breath, tightness in the chest, pale skin, dizziness, loss of consciousness. In some cases, a hoarse voice, swelling of the face and neck, and increased heart rate may occur.

What causes suffocation?

Choking can be caused by an allergic reaction, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, influenza, heart failure, anemia, stress, anxiety or panic attacks, overwork, poor physical condition, obesity.

What can be done to relieve suffocation?

To relieve choking, it is recommended to sit or stand upright, maintain an even posture, try to relax and control your breathing, reduce physical activity, ventilate the room, humidify the air, avoid allergens and irritants, take medication as prescribed by a doctor.

When should I seek medical attention if I am experiencing choking?

If you experience choking, it is recommended to seek medical attention if the symptoms continue to get worse, do not go away within a few minutes, recur regularly, are accompanied by pain or discomfort in the chest, swelling of the face and neck, clouding of consciousness.

What is a panic attack and can it cause suffocation?

A panic attack is a sudden wave of intense fear or anxiety accompanied by physical symptoms such as rapid heart rate, rapid or irregular breathing, a feeling of choking or shortness of breath. A panic attack can cause suffocation as a result of improper breathing technique and overexertion of the respiratory muscles.

What medical tests may be needed to determine the cause of suffocation?

Various medical tests may be required to determine the cause of choking, such as blood tests, blood oxygen levels, respiratory and cardiac physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), chest x-ray, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest cavity.

What non-surgical procedures are used to treat choking?

Choking can be caused by various causes such as allergic reactions, asthma, or problems with the respiratory system. Choking is usually treated with non-surgical procedures aimed at relieving symptoms and improving the patient’s quality of life.

One of the most common procedures is the use of inhalers or aerosol sprays containing bronchodilators. These medicines help relax the muscles in the airways and widen them, making breathing easier and reducing the feeling of choking.

Another effective treatment is deep breathing and relaxation. In this case, the patient is advised to sit in a comfortable position, inhale deeply and exhale slowly, trying to relax and calm down. This helps reduce the stress response and reduce the feeling of suffocation.

Physiotherapy treatments such as massage, stretching and breathing exercises are also used to strengthen the respiratory muscles and improve the overall condition of the respiratory system. These procedures help to expand the airways and improve their function, which helps to reduce asthma attacks.

Some patients with choking may also receive oral medications such as antihistamines or steroids to reduce inflammation and allergic reactions that contribute to choking. However, before you start taking these drugs, you should consult your doctor and get an appointment for the appropriate treatment.

Non-surgical procedures are effective in the treatment of choking, but each patient requires an individual approach and specialist advice to determine the most appropriate procedures and medications.

When should I see a doctor for choking?

Choking can be a sign of serious illness and requires immediate medical attention. If you experience breathlessness, see your doctor as soon as possible. You should not postpone a visit to a specialist, as this can worsen your condition and lead to complications.

For choking that is not caused by food, it is important to see a doctor to determine the root cause of the problem.