What are the causes of borderline high cholesterol? How can you lower your cholesterol levels through lifestyle changes? What other risk factors affect heart health besides cholesterol?

Understanding Cholesterol and Its Implications

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that plays a crucial role in the body’s functioning. While the liver produces all the cholesterol the body needs, additional cholesterol can be obtained from certain foods, particularly those of animal origin. However, when the body has too much cholesterol, it can build up in the walls of the arteries, a process known as atherosclerosis. This buildup can narrow the arteries and impede the flow of blood, leading to potentially serious health consequences.

Borderline High Cholesterol: Causes and Symptoms

Borderline high cholesterol refers to a total cholesterol level between 200 and 239 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). This range is above the normal level but not yet considered “high.” Borderline high cholesterol can be influenced by a variety of factors, including diet, genetics, and lifestyle. It’s important to note that high cholesterol does not typically cause any symptoms, and the only way to know your cholesterol level is through a blood test.

The Cholesterol Test: Understanding the Numbers

A standard cholesterol test, also known as a “lipid panel,” measures several different types of cholesterol and fats in the bloodstream. These include:

• Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol: Also known as “bad” cholesterol, LDL is the primary cause of plaque buildup in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease.
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol: Often referred to as “good” cholesterol, HDL helps transport bad cholesterol from the blood to the liver, where it can be excreted.
• Triglycerides: Another type of fat in the bloodstream that is linked to an increased risk of heart disease.

Interpreting Cholesterol Test Results

When reviewing your cholesterol test results, it’s important to look at the individual numbers, not just the total cholesterol level. Here’s a breakdown of what the numbers mean:

• Total cholesterol: Desirable is less than 200 mg/dL, borderline high is 200-239 mg/dL, and high is 240 mg/dL and above.
• LDL cholesterol: Optimal is less than 100 mg/dL, near-optimal is 100-129 mg/dL, and high is 190 mg/dL and above.
• HDL cholesterol: Ideal is 60 mg/dL and above, and low is less than 40 mg/dL for men and less than 50 mg/dL for women.
• Triglycerides: Desirable is less than 150 mg/dL, and very high is 500 mg/dL and above.

Lifestyle Changes to Manage Borderline High Cholesterol

Fortunately, making simple lifestyle changes can often be enough to bring borderline high cholesterol levels down to the normal range. Some of the recommended steps include:

1. Improving your diet: Reduce your intake of saturated and trans fats, and focus on consuming more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats.
2. Increasing physical activity: Regular exercise, such as brisk walking, can help lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL cholesterol.
3. Maintaining a healthy weight: Losing extra weight can help improve your cholesterol profile.
4. Quitting smoking: Smoking can have a negative impact on your cholesterol levels and overall heart health.

Addressing Other Heart Health Factors

It’s important to note that cholesterol is not the only factor that affects heart health. Other conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain lifestyle choices, can also contribute to an increased risk of heart disease. Your doctor may recommend additional tests, such as a coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, to get a more comprehensive understanding of your overall cardiovascular health and the need for further treatment.

Monitoring and Maintaining Cholesterol Levels

Regular cholesterol testing is essential for monitoring your cholesterol levels and ensuring that any necessary interventions are implemented in a timely manner. The recommended frequency for cholesterol testing is every 5 years, or more often if you have a history of high cholesterol or other risk factors for heart disease.

What It Is and What to Do About It

Written by Jodi Helmer

• Cholesterol Tests
• Make Changes in the Kitchen
• Read Food Labels
• Get Moving
• Lose Extra Weight
• Quit Smoking
• Check to See What’s Working
• More

Has your doctor told you that you have “borderline” high cholesterol? That means your cholesterol level is above normal but not quite in the “high” range.

You have borderline high cholesterol if your total cholesterol is between 200 and 239 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).

Your doctor will also consider other things, like how much of your total cholesterol is LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and how much of it is HDL (“good”) cholesterol.

Making simple changes in your lifestyle is often enough to bring borderline cholesterol levels down to the normal range. Some people may also need to take medicine for it. And keep in mind that other things, like diabetes, high blood pressure, and smoking, also affect your heart health; it’s not just about cholesterol.

If you have borderline cholesterol, your doctor will decide whether you need treatment by looking at these and other risk factors for heart disease. They may ask you to get an imaging test of your heart called a coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan. This test reveals whether dangerous plaque has built up in your heart’s arteries.

You won’t know you have borderline cholesterol unless you get a cholesterol blood test. You should do that every 5 years.

The average American has a total cholesterol level of 200, which is in the borderline range.

You can turn it around before you get high cholesterol. Start with these steps.

Why Do I Need a Cholesterol Test?

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance. Your liver makes all the cholesterol your body needs. But you take in more cholesterol from certain foods, such as those from animals. If you have too much cholesterol in your body, it can build up in the walls of your arteries (as “plaque”) and eventually harden. This process, called atherosclerosis, actually narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to travel through them. 

Unfortunately, high cholesterol doesn’t cause symptoms. In later stages of atherosclerosis, though, you may have angina – severe chest pain from lack of blood flow to the heart. If an artery gets totally blocked, a heart attack results. A routine blood cholesterol test is a far better way of finding out what your cholesterol level is.

What Does a Cholesterol Test Measure?

In addition to measuring the total cholesterol in your blood, the standard cholesterol test (called a “lipid panel”) measures three specific kinds of fat:

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL). This is the “bad cholesterol,” the main cause of plaque buildup, which increases your risk of heart disease. In general, the lower the number, the better. But LDL cholesterol is only one part of a larger equation that measures a person’s overall risk of having a heart attack or stroke.  

For years, guidelines focused on specific target numbers for people to achieve to lower their risk. The most recent guidelines focus on a person’s overall risk and, based on that risk, recommend a certain percentage of LDL reduction as one part of a way to prevent serious heart and blood vessel problems.

High-density lipoproteins (HDL). This is the “good cholesterol.” It transports bad cholesterol from the blood to the liver, where it is excreted by the body. Your HDL is another part of the equation that identifies the risk of a cardiovascular event. In general, the higher the number the better, although, as with LDL, the emphasis has shifted from specific target numbers to ways to reduce the overall risk.

Triglycerides. Another type of fat in the bloodstream, triglycerides are also linked to heart disease. They are stored in fat cells throughout the body.

What Do Cholesterol Test Numbers Mean?

If you have a lipoprotein profile, it’s important to look at all the numbers from the cholesterol test, not just the total cholesterol number. That’s because LDL and HDL levels are two top signs of potential heart disease. Use the information below to interpret your results (with the help of your doctor, of course). This will help you get a better idea about your risk for heart disease.

Total blood cholesterol level:

• High risk: 240 mg/dL and above
• Borderline high risk: 200-239 mg/dL
• Desirable: Less than 200 mg/dL

LDL cholesterol levels:

190 mg/dL and above represents a high risk for heart disease and is a strong sign that you can benefit from intensive treatment, including lifestyle changes, diet, and statin therapy for reducing that risk.

For LDL levels that are equal to or less than 189 mg/dL, the guidelines recommend strategies for lowering LDL by 30% to 50%, depending on what other risk factors you have that can affect the health of your heart and blood vessels.

HDL cholesterol:

• High risk: Less than 40 mg/dL for men and less than 50 mg/dL for women

Triglycerides:

• Very high risk: 500 mg/dL and above
• High risk: 200-499 mg/dL
• Borderline high risk: 150-199 mg/dL
• Normal: Less than 150 mg/dL

Use your diet to help lower your LDL cholesterol and raise your HDL cholesterol.

For the biggest impact, choose foods that are low in saturated fats and trans fats, and high in fiber, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids. Whole grains, beans, apples, pears, oatmeal, salmon, walnuts, and olive oil are excellent heart-healthy choices.

Here are some more diet tips to help you lower your cholesterol:

Make meat lean. Cut back on red meats that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol, and choose only lean meats with very little visible fat. Examples of lean beef include London broil, eye of round, and filet mignon. Avoid processed meats like bacon and sausage, which are linked to higher odds of heart disease and diabetes.

Remove skin from poultry. That’s where much of the fat is.

Eat more seafood. It usually has less fat than other meat. The American Heart Association recommends eating two servings of fatty fish (like salmon, tuna, or mackerel) each week for heart health. Those fish are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids, which are good for you.

Limit saturated fat. These are found in whole-fat dairy products, mayonnaise, and hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils or fats (such as stick margarine). These products may also contain trans fats, which can raise your cholesterol level.

Go liquid. For cooking, replace saturated fats that are solid at room temperature (such as butter and shortening) with liquid monounsaturated fats such as olive, canola, and flaxseed oils. There’s evidence that eating moderate amounts of monounsaturated fat – found in such foods as nuts, seeds, and avocados – may lower LDL cholesterol.

Add fiber with plant foods. Good sources include grapefruit, apples, beans and other legumes, barley, carrots, cabbage, and oatmeal.

Get two daily servings of plant sterol-rich foods. These foods, such as nuts, can help lower cholesterol. Plant sterols are also added to some soft margarines, granola bars, yogurts, and orange juice.

You need to know how much saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol are in your favorite foods. That can help you make better choices.

Too much saturated fat can drive up your cholesterol level. It’s found mostly in animal products. Cholesterol also is found in animal products. Your doctor or a dietitian can let you know what your daily limit should be.

Artificial trans fats can raise your LDL (“bad”) cholesterol. They’re in packaged foods, like some crackers, cookies, pastries, and microwave popcorn.

Check the nutrition label. And because products marked “0 grams” of trans fats per serving can have up to a gram of trans fats, check the ingredients label, too. Anything marked “partially hydrogenated” is trans fat.

Exercise helps you get your cholesterol down from the borderline range.

Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, per day (150 minutes each week). You can also do a more intense workout for 75 minutes a week.

Taking a walk, riding your bike, playing a team sport, or taking a group fitness class will increase your heart rate while raising HDL (“good”) cholesterol. Push yourself, if you can, but keep in mind that moderate exercise is better than none at all.

You can have borderline high cholesterol and be at a healthy weight. But if you’re overweight, losing those extra pounds can help bring your cholesterol level back down.

Losing as little as 5% of your body weight can lower your cholesterol levels. One study found that adults who took part in a 12-week exercise program lowered their LDL by 18 points, and their total cholesterol dropped 26 points.

With a combination of weight loss and a healthy diet, it’s possible to lower LDL levels up to 30% – results that are similar to taking cholesterol-lowering drugs.

If you’re not sure whether your weight is in a healthy place, ask your doctor to check your body mass index (BMI). A normal BMI is 18 to 25. If your BMI is 25 or higher, ask your doctor for advice on the best types of physical activity for you.

If you smoke, kicking the habit can help raise your HDL (“good”) cholesterol up to 10%.

Have you tried to quit smoking before? For many people, it takes a couple of tries. Keep trying until it sticks. It’s worth it, for your whole body’s health.

During regular screening appointments, your doctor will check your cholesterol levels to see if the changes you’ve made have gotten you to your cholesterol goal.

If lifestyle changes aren’t enough to lower borderline high cholesterol, your doctor may talk to you about medication.

Top Picks

What It Is and What to Do About It

Written by Jodi Helmer

• Cholesterol Tests
• Make Changes in the Kitchen
• Read Food Labels
• Get Moving
• Lose Extra Weight
• Quit Smoking
• Check to See What’s Working
• More

Has your doctor told you that you have “borderline” high cholesterol? That means your cholesterol level is above normal but not quite in the “high” range.

You have borderline high cholesterol if your total cholesterol is between 200 and 239 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).

Your doctor will also consider other things, like how much of your total cholesterol is LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and how much of it is HDL (“good”) cholesterol.

Making simple changes in your lifestyle is often enough to bring borderline cholesterol levels down to the normal range. Some people may also need to take medicine for it. And keep in mind that other things, like diabetes, high blood pressure, and smoking, also affect your heart health; it’s not just about cholesterol.

If you have borderline cholesterol, your doctor will decide whether you need treatment by looking at these and other risk factors for heart disease. They may ask you to get an imaging test of your heart called a coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan. This test reveals whether dangerous plaque has built up in your heart’s arteries.

You won’t know you have borderline cholesterol unless you get a cholesterol blood test. You should do that every 5 years.

The average American has a total cholesterol level of 200, which is in the borderline range.

You can turn it around before you get high cholesterol. Start with these steps.

Why Do I Need a Cholesterol Test?

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance. Your liver makes all the cholesterol your body needs. But you take in more cholesterol from certain foods, such as those from animals. If you have too much cholesterol in your body, it can build up in the walls of your arteries (as “plaque”) and eventually harden. This process, called atherosclerosis, actually narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to travel through them. 

Unfortunately, high cholesterol doesn’t cause symptoms. In later stages of atherosclerosis, though, you may have angina – severe chest pain from lack of blood flow to the heart. If an artery gets totally blocked, a heart attack results. A routine blood cholesterol test is a far better way of finding out what your cholesterol level is.

What Does a Cholesterol Test Measure?

In addition to measuring the total cholesterol in your blood, the standard cholesterol test (called a “lipid panel”) measures three specific kinds of fat:

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL). This is the “bad cholesterol,” the main cause of plaque buildup, which increases your risk of heart disease. In general, the lower the number, the better. But LDL cholesterol is only one part of a larger equation that measures a person’s overall risk of having a heart attack or stroke. 

For years, guidelines focused on specific target numbers for people to achieve to lower their risk. The most recent guidelines focus on a person’s overall risk and, based on that risk, recommend a certain percentage of LDL reduction as one part of a way to prevent serious heart and blood vessel problems.

High-density lipoproteins (HDL). This is the “good cholesterol.” It transports bad cholesterol from the blood to the liver, where it is excreted by the body. Your HDL is another part of the equation that identifies the risk of a cardiovascular event. In general, the higher the number the better, although, as with LDL, the emphasis has shifted from specific target numbers to ways to reduce the overall risk.

Triglycerides. Another type of fat in the bloodstream, triglycerides are also linked to heart disease. They are stored in fat cells throughout the body.

What Do Cholesterol Test Numbers Mean?

If you have a lipoprotein profile, it’s important to look at all the numbers from the cholesterol test, not just the total cholesterol number. That’s because LDL and HDL levels are two top signs of potential heart disease. Use the information below to interpret your results (with the help of your doctor, of course). This will help you get a better idea about your risk for heart disease.

Total blood cholesterol level:

• High risk: 240 mg/dL and above
• Borderline high risk: 200-239 mg/dL
• Desirable: Less than 200 mg/dL

LDL cholesterol levels:

190 mg/dL and above represents a high risk for heart disease and is a strong sign that you can benefit from intensive treatment, including lifestyle changes, diet, and statin therapy for reducing that risk.

For LDL levels that are equal to or less than 189 mg/dL, the guidelines recommend strategies for lowering LDL by 30% to 50%, depending on what other risk factors you have that can affect the health of your heart and blood vessels.

HDL cholesterol:

• High risk: Less than 40 mg/dL for men and less than 50 mg/dL for women

Triglycerides:

• Very high risk: 500 mg/dL and above
• High risk: 200-499 mg/dL
• Borderline high risk: 150-199 mg/dL
• Normal: Less than 150 mg/dL

Use your diet to help lower your LDL cholesterol and raise your HDL cholesterol.

For the biggest impact, choose foods that are low in saturated fats and trans fats, and high in fiber, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids. Whole grains, beans, apples, pears, oatmeal, salmon, walnuts, and olive oil are excellent heart-healthy choices.

Here are some more diet tips to help you lower your cholesterol:

Make meat lean. Cut back on red meats that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol, and choose only lean meats with very little visible fat. Examples of lean beef include London broil, eye of round, and filet mignon. Avoid processed meats like bacon and sausage, which are linked to higher odds of heart disease and diabetes.

Remove skin from poultry. That’s where much of the fat is.

Eat more seafood. It usually has less fat than other meat. The American Heart Association recommends eating two servings of fatty fish (like salmon, tuna, or mackerel) each week for heart health. Those fish are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids, which are good for you.

Limit saturated fat. These are found in whole-fat dairy products, mayonnaise, and hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils or fats (such as stick margarine). These products may also contain trans fats, which can raise your cholesterol level.

Go liquid. For cooking, replace saturated fats that are solid at room temperature (such as butter and shortening) with liquid monounsaturated fats such as olive, canola, and flaxseed oils. There’s evidence that eating moderate amounts of monounsaturated fat – found in such foods as nuts, seeds, and avocados – may lower LDL cholesterol.

Add fiber with plant foods. Good sources include grapefruit, apples, beans and other legumes, barley, carrots, cabbage, and oatmeal.

Get two daily servings of plant sterol-rich foods. These foods, such as nuts, can help lower cholesterol. Plant sterols are also added to some soft margarines, granola bars, yogurts, and orange juice.

You need to know how much saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol are in your favorite foods. That can help you make better choices.

Too much saturated fat can drive up your cholesterol level. It’s found mostly in animal products. Cholesterol also is found in animal products. Your doctor or a dietitian can let you know what your daily limit should be.

Artificial trans fats can raise your LDL (“bad”) cholesterol. They’re in packaged foods, like some crackers, cookies, pastries, and microwave popcorn.

Check the nutrition label. And because products marked “0 grams” of trans fats per serving can have up to a gram of trans fats, check the ingredients label, too. Anything marked “partially hydrogenated” is trans fat.

Exercise helps you get your cholesterol down from the borderline range.

Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, per day (150 minutes each week). You can also do a more intense workout for 75 minutes a week.

Taking a walk, riding your bike, playing a team sport, or taking a group fitness class will increase your heart rate while raising HDL (“good”) cholesterol. Push yourself, if you can, but keep in mind that moderate exercise is better than none at all.

You can have borderline high cholesterol and be at a healthy weight. But if you’re overweight, losing those extra pounds can help bring your cholesterol level back down.

Losing as little as 5% of your body weight can lower your cholesterol levels. One study found that adults who took part in a 12-week exercise program lowered their LDL by 18 points, and their total cholesterol dropped 26 points.

With a combination of weight loss and a healthy diet, it’s possible to lower LDL levels up to 30% – results that are similar to taking cholesterol-lowering drugs.

If you’re not sure whether your weight is in a healthy place, ask your doctor to check your body mass index (BMI). A normal BMI is 18 to 25. If your BMI is 25 or higher, ask your doctor for advice on the best types of physical activity for you.

If you smoke, kicking the habit can help raise your HDL (“good”) cholesterol up to 10%.

Have you tried to quit smoking before? For many people, it takes a couple of tries. Keep trying until it sticks. It’s worth it, for your whole body’s health.

During regular screening appointments, your doctor will check your cholesterol levels to see if the changes you’ve made have gotten you to your cholesterol goal.

If lifestyle changes aren’t enough to lower borderline high cholesterol, your doctor may talk to you about medication.

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Test for HDL cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) to take in Teikovo

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Description

Method of determination
Homogeneous enzymatic colorimetric.

Test material
Blood serum

Synonyms : High density lipoproteins; HDL; HDL; HDL cholesterol; alpha cholesterol; α-cholesterol. High density lipoprotein cholesterol; high density lipoprotein; Alpha-Lipoprotein Cholesterol; α-lipoprotein cholesterol; α-Lp cholesterol; HDL; HDL-C; HDL Cholesterol.

Brief description of the analyte Cholesterol-HDL

Blood lipoproteins transport lipids, including cholesterol, from one cell population to another. Unlike other lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) carry cholesterol from the cells of peripheral organs (including heart vessels, brain arteries, etc.) to the liver, where cholesterol is converted into bile acids and excreted from the body. In women, on average, HDL values ​​are higher than in men.

The level of HDL cholesterol in combination with data on existing diseases, age, gender, blood pressure, the fact of smoking, is taken into account when assessing the individual risk of developing severe complications of cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction or stroke) in the modified SCORE (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) scale ).

High HDL cholesterol is considered to be a beneficial anti-atherogenic factor that reduces cardiovascular risk. Low HDL cholesterol reflects the risk of premature atherosclerosis, a high risk of cardiovascular disease, and is often associated with hypertriglyceridemia in metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

For more information on the laboratory assessment of lipid metabolism parameters, please click here.

What is the purpose of determining the level of cholesterol-HDL in blood serum

Determination of HDL cholesterol in blood serum is used in combination with other lipid profile tests to assess cardiorisk (reflects the content of “good cholesterol”). Increased levels are associated with a lower risk of atherosclerosis.

What can affect the HDL cholesterol test result

A change in diet can reduce blood cholesterol levels by 10-15%, although sensitivity to changes in dietary cholesterol levels and the effect of diet on cholesterol levels can be expressed differently in different people. To reduce the risk of complications of cardiovascular diseases, it is recommended to maintain the concentration of total cholesterol in the blood below 5.0 mmol / l. The therapeutic goal of lipid-lowering therapy is to lower LDL cholesterol levels.

Disorders of cholesterol metabolism, accompanied by an increase in its content in the blood, are characteristic of hypothyroidism. Secondary hypercholesterolemia is also observed in hepatic cholestasis, nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure, gout, diabetes and other diseases. Before starting therapy with lipid-lowering drugs, diseases that lead to an increase in cholesterol levels should be excluded.

Cholesterol level reflects the activity of synthesis processes in the liver. In severe liver damage, there is a significant decrease in the concentration of cholesterol in the blood. Acute tissue injury also causes a marked drop in total and LDL cholesterol levels. It begins within the first day after a heart attack, surgery or septicemia and can reach a 40% reduction from baseline. Lipid levels do not return to normal for up to three months. Therefore, a lipid study to assess the risk of atherosclerosis should not be performed within three months after acute conditions.

More details about the laboratory assessment of lipid metabolism parameters can be found here.

Preparation

Rules for preparing for a blood test to determine the level of HDL cholesterol

Strictly on an empty stomach, after an overnight fasting period of 8 to 14 hours. On the eve of the study, it is necessary to exclude increased psycho-emotional and physical activity (sports training), alcohol intake.

Indications for use

In what cases is a blood test to determine the level of HDL-Cholesterol

• Assessment of the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and their complications according to the modified SCORE scale.
• Atherosclerosis risk assessment.
• Detection of dyslipidemias.

Interpretation of results

Interpretation of test results contains information for the attending physician and is not a diagnosis. The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. An accurate diagnosis is made by the doctor, using both the results of this examination and the necessary information from other sources: history, results of other examinations, etc.

Interpretation of the results of determining the level of Cholesterol-HDL in blood serum

Units of measurement : mmol/l.

Alternate units : mg/dl.

Unit conversion : mg/dL x 0.026 ==> mmol/L.

Adults. When assessing cardiac risk, an HDL cholesterol level greater than 1.0 mmol/L in men and greater than 1.2 mmol/L in women indicates low risk. Low HDL cholesterol levels are associated with higher cardiovascular risk.

Reference values ​​ (population dispersion) HDL cholesterol concentrations for children and adolescents

Age	HDL cholesterol, mmol/l
	Men	Women	0.93 – 1.89
10 – 15 years	0, 96 – 1.91	0.96 – 1.81
15 – 18 years old	0.78 – 1.63	0.91 – 1.91

For the population dispersion of HDL cholesterol values ​​in adults,

, see here .

Increased level

1. Primary hereditary hypercholesterolemia (hyperlipoproteinemia types IA and IIB types).
2. Obesity.
3. Obstructive jaundice.
4. Nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure.
5. Diabetes mellitus.
6. Hypothyroidism.
7. Cushing’s syndrome.
8. Cholesterol-rich diet.
9. Pregnancy.
10. Anorexia nervosa.
11. Taking medications (beta-blockers, diuretics, progestins, oral contraceptives, glucocorticoids, androgens).

Level reduction

1. Atherosclerosis.
2. Familial hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia (Tangier’s disease).
3. Cholestasis, chronic liver disease.
4. Nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure.
5. Diabetes mellitus.
6. Obesity.
7. Smoking.
8. Taking medications: beta-blockers, danazol, diuretics, progestins, androgens.
9. Diet rich in carbohydrates or polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Questions

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In this section you can find out how much it costs to complete this study in your city, read the description of the test and the table for interpreting the results. When choosing where to take the HDL-Cholesterol (High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol) test in Teikovo and other cities of Russia, do not forget that the price of the analysis, the cost of the procedure for taking biomaterial, methods and terms for performing studies in regional medical offices may differ.

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Description

Method of determination
Friedwald calculation using total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. At a triglyceride level of more than 4.5 mmol / l – measurement by a direct method (colorimetry using cholesterol oxidase and cholesterol esterase).

Test material
Blood serum

Synonyms : LDL; Low density lipoproteins; LDL; LDL cholesterol; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Cholesterol beta-lipoproteins; Beta lipoproteins; Beta LP.

LDL; LDL-C; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Low density lipoprotein.

Brief characteristics of the analyte

Cholesterol-LDL Lipoproteins in the blood carry out the transport of lipids of various classes, including cholesterol, from one cell population to another. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are the main transport form of cholesterol, transporting it mainly in the form of cholesterol esters. They belong to beta lipoproteins. It has been proven that the content of LDL cholesterol is more correlated with the risk of atherosclerosis than the level of total cholesterol, since it is this fraction that ensures the transfer of both dietary and synthesized cholesterol to the cells of organs and tissues. In pathology, cholesterol-rich LDL accumulates on the inner walls of the arteries at the sites of formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which narrow the lumen of the vessels and contribute to thrombosis. Therefore, the study of LDL cholesterol is important, both for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis and its complications (heart attack, stroke), and for monitoring the effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy.

Usually, a standard lipid profile is used in screening for cardiovascular risk factors, which includes the study of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol by calculation using the Friedwald formula. This calculation method for estimating LDL cholesterol has been used in epidemiological and clinical studies, on the basis of which basic clinical recommendations have been established for the desired level of LDL cholesterol for apparently healthy people and its target therapeutic values ​​for people at high risk of developing complications of atherosclerosis. The calculation method for assessing LDL cholesterol remains the most common.

Calculation of LDL cholesterol has some limitations. The Friedwald formula assumes, as an assumption, a constant ratio of triglycerides and cholesterol in very low density lipoproteins and the absence of an excess of remnant (residual) lipoproteins. In hypertriglyceridemia and chylomicronemia, these assumptions are violated, the use of the Friedwald formula with a high level of triglycerides leads to an underestimation of the calculated result of LDL cholesterol.

What is the purpose of determining the level of LDL cholesterol in the blood

The determination of LDL cholesterol in blood serum is used in combination with other lipid profile tests to assess cardiac risk (reflects the content of “bad cholesterol”). Increased levels are associated with a greater risk of atherosclerosis. When triglyceride concentrations are greater than 4.5 mmol/l and LDL cholesterol is low (less than 1.3 mmol/l), non-HDL cholesterol should be preferred to assess cardiac risk and the effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy.

Attention! This study is not performed separately, only in combination with tests No. 30 Triglycerides, No. 31 Total cholesterol, No. 32 HDL cholesterol.

More details about the laboratory assessment of lipid metabolism parameters can be found here.

Preparation

Rules for preparing for LDL-cholesterol blood test

Strictly on an empty stomach, after an overnight fasting period of 8 to 14 hours. On the eve of the study, it is necessary to exclude increased psycho-emotional and physical activity (sports training), alcohol intake.

Indications for prescription

In what cases is a blood test for LDL cholesterol

• Assessment of the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and their complications according to the modified SCORE scale;
• Atherosclerosis risk assessment;
• Detection of dyslipidemias.

Interpretation of results

Interpretation of test results contains information for the attending physician and is not a diagnosis. The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. An accurate diagnosis is made by the doctor, using both the results of this examination and the necessary information from other sources: history, results of other examinations, etc.

Interpretation of the results of determining the level of cholesterol-LDL in blood serum

Units of measurement : mmol/l.

Alternate units : mg/dl.

Unit conversion : mg/dL x 0.0259 ==> mmol/L.

Reference values ​​


Currently, the clinical guidelines of European and domestic medical communities consider LDL cholesterol as the main modifiable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and their complications (heart attack, stroke), regardless of gender and the presence of an established diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. With ongoing lipid-lowering therapy, lowering LDL cholesterol is considered as the primary goal of prevention.

A decrease in its level in the blood is accompanied by a decrease in the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases. The choice of the target value of LDL depends on the degree of individual risk, which is assessed by the attending physician based on the totality of data.

Adults

According to current clinical guidelines, the desired values ​​of LDL cholesterol, depending on the individual risk group for developing cardiovascular diseases and their complications, to which the patient is assigned, are as follows:

• for low- and moderate-risk individuals – desirable LDL-cholesterol values
• for high risk individuals – desired LDL cholesterol values
• for very high risk individuals – desired LDL cholesterol values

Children and adolescents

Reference values ​​(population dispersion) of LDL cholesterol concentration, mmol/l:

9063 9

Age	Men	Women
5 – 10 years	1. 63 – 3.34	1.76 – 3.63 9 0597
10 – 15 years	1.66 – 3 ,44	1.76 – 3.52
15 – 18 years old	1.61 – 3.37	1.53 – 3.55

Data on population dispersion of LDL-cholesterol values ​​in adults – see here.

Boost

1. Primary hereditary hypercholesterolemia (hyperlipoproteinemia types IA and IIB types), rare hereditary fermentopathy (deficiency of acid lysosomal lipase).
2. Obesity.
3. Obstructive jaundice.
4. Nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure.
5. Diabetes mellitus.
6. Hypothyroidism.
7. Cushing’s syndrome.
8. Cholesterol-rich diet.
9. Pregnancy.
10. Anorexia nervosa.
11. Taking medications (beta-blockers, diuretics, progestins, oral contraceptives, glucocorticoids, androgens).

Decreased values ​​

1. Hypo- and a-beta-lipoproteinemia.
2. Alpha-lipoprotein deficiency (Tangier’s disease).
3. Deficiency of LCAT (lecithin-cholesterol-acyl synetatase).
4. Hyperthyroidism.
5. Reye’s syndrome.
6. Chronic anemia.
7. Acute stress.
8. Taking medications: cholestyramine, clofibrate, lovastatin, neomycin, interferon, thyroxine, estrogens.
9. Diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
10. Malabsorption syndrome.
11. Arthritis.
12. Chronic lung diseases.
13. Myeloma.

Questions

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In this section you can find out how much it costs to complete this study in your city, read the description of the test and the table for interpreting the results. When choosing where to take the analysis “Cholesterol-LDL (Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL, Cholesterol LDL)” in Teikovo and other cities of Russia, do not forget that the price of the analysis, the cost of the procedure for taking biomaterial, methods and terms for performing studies in regional medical offices may differ.