Side effects of coal tar

Most coal tar products are very safe. Most people do not have any side effects.

You’re more likely to have side effects if you use more than the recommended amount or use it more often than recommended.

Common side effects

If you get any of these side effects of coal tar, there are things you can do to help cope with them:

Skin irritation

Your skin may be dry, red or itchy, you may feel a burning sensation on your skin, or your scalp may become irritated. Stop using medicine if this happens.

Increased sensitivity of skin to sunlight (photosensitivity)

Avoid using sunlamps and spending a long time in the sun. Ask a pharmacist for advice on using a suitable sunscreen.

Hair colour changes

This effect is usually temporary and will wear off after you stop using coal tar.

Acne-like outbreaks on the skin

Stop using the medicine if you get this side effect.

Speak to a doctor or pharmacist if the advice on how to cope does not help and a side effect is still bothering you or lasts more than a few days.

Serious side effects

Contact your doctor or 111 if you get:

• a severe stinging or burning feeling on your skin
• swelling
• worsening psoriasis

Go to 111.nhs.uk or call 111.

Serious allergic reaction

Coal tar products may contain lanolin, mineral oil, or other emulsifiers. Check the label and speak to a pharmacist or doctor before using coal tar if you are allergic to any of the ingredients.

In rare cases, it’s possible to have a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to coal tar.

Immediate action required: Call 999 or go to A&E now if:

• you get a skin rash that may include itchy, red, swollen, blistered or peeling skin
• you’re wheezing
• you get tightness in the chest or throat
• you have trouble breathing or talking
• your mouth, face, lips, tongue or throat start swelling

You could be having a serious allergic reaction and may need immediate treatment in hospital.

Other side effects

These are not all the side effects of coal tar. For a full list, see the leaflet inside your medicine packet.

Information:

You can report any suspected side effect using the Yellow Card safety scheme.

Visit Yellow Card for further information.

Page last reviewed: 29 September 2022

Next review due: 29 September 2025

Coal Tar Topical: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Uses

This medication is used on the skin to treat the itching, scaling, and flaking due to skin conditions such as psoriasis or seborrheic dermatitis. Coal tar belongs to a class of drugs known as keratoplastics. It works by causing the skin to shed dead cells from its top layer and slow down the growth of skin cells. This effect decreases scaling and dryness. Coal tar can also decrease itchiness from these skin conditions.

How to use coal tar topical

Follow all directions on the product package. Check the label to see if you need to shake the product before using. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

This medication is for use on the skin only. To avoid irritation, do not let this medication come into contact with your eyes, nose, mouth, groin, or rectum. If you do get the medication in those areas, flush the area with cool water for 15 minutes. Wash hands after use.

Apply a small amount to the affected area. Massage in gently. Apply usually 1 to 4 times a day or as directed by your doctor. Allow to air dry before touching clothing. Do not apply to broken or infected skin unless directed by your doctor.

To treat the scalp, apply the solution according to the package directions. Coal tar products may also be used in the bath or as a hand/foot soak. Follow package directions carefully. Rinse off well. Coal tar products can make the shower/bath very slippery. Be careful not to fall.

Dosage is based on your medical condition, product type/brand, and response to treatment. Do not use large amounts of this medication, use it more often, or use it for a longer period than directed. Your condition will not clear faster, but the chance for side effects may be increased.

Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, use it at the same time(s) each day.

Tell your doctor if your condition lasts or gets worse. If your skin condition covers a large area of skin, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

Side Effects

Skin/scalp irritation or staining of skin/hair (especially in patients with blonde, bleached, dyed, or gray hair) may occur. If skin irritation develops or worsens, stop using this product and tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Long-term use of this product can cause hair follicle problems (tar acne). Contact your doctor if you notice new skin bumps and/or acne in the treated area.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

Before using coal tar, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history.

This medication may make you more sensitive to the sun. Be sure to completely wash off the medication before light treatment or going out into the sun as directed by your doctor. Avoid sun exposure, tanning booths, and sunlamps for at least 24 hours after using this medication unless your doctor directs you otherwise. Other medications may also increase your sun sensitivity. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details. Tell your doctor right away if you get sunburned or have skin blisters/redness.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

It is not known whether this drug passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Does coal tar topical interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

Overdose

This medicine may be harmful if swallowed. If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center.

This product may stain clothing. Avoid allowing this medication to touch clothing before it dries.

If your doctor has prescribed this medication for you, do not share it with others.

If you miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Use your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Store tightly closed at room temperature. Different brands of this medication may have different storage requirements. Refer to the package labeling or ask your pharmacist for the storage requirements for the brand you are using. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Some products may contain alcohol and are flammable. Do not use near heat or open flame or while smoking.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

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Drug Survey

Are you currently using coal tar topical?

This survey is being conducted by the WebMD marketing sciences department.

Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

drugs of choice for treatment (part 1) // Pharmacology

This is a chronic recurrent dermatosis of unknown etiology or chronic lichen scaly. The disease is not contagious, unlike other types of lichen (for example: infectious pink or pityriasis).

Psoriasis is characterized by frequent relapses, skin rashes in the form of cracking scaly papules, which are usually not accompanied by itching. Men get sick more often than women. An exacerbation can be provoked by: emotional disorders (stress, hidden anger, resentment, depression, anxiety), mechanical skin injuries, severe sunburn, physical overload, or taking certain medications. Weather conditions strongly influence the course of the disease, cold dry weather increases the activity of the disease, and hot, humid and sunny weather contributes to its attenuation, which greatly alleviates the condition of most patients. The most common sites affected are the elbows, palms of the hands, knees, lower back, scalp, upper pelvic bones, lower legs, calves, thighs, and genital area. In addition to the skin (the main organ of the lesion), other organs and systems of the body (nails, joints) can be affected.

There are several types of psoriasis: pustular, arthropathic, exudative, verrucous, plaque, vesicular, patchy, guttate, inverse, seborrheic, etc.

The exact causes of psoriasis have not been finally established, but it is known that hereditary predisposition plays the main role. In the body of such patients, various disorders of the endocrine and nervous systems occur, metabolic failures (mainly carbohydrate and fat metabolism disorders), a focus of chronic infection or disturbances in the adequate functioning of the liver is possible. The occurrence of the disease is explained by disorders in the immune system, fermentopathy and other factors that regulate the division of skin cells.

The trigger mechanism of the disease is the processes occurring in the epidermis. In the basal (deep) layer of the epidermis, keratinocytes are formed – these are immature skin cells that produce keratin – a hard protein that is the building material for hair, nails and skin, and make up the bulk of the skin epidermis. Normally, keratinocytes grow and move from the lower layer to the surface of the skin almost imperceptibly. The death of keratinocytes is a programmed process that is the logical conclusion of the life path of these epithelial tissue cells. For all the time of a person’s life, the skin is constantly updated (about 1000 times). At a young age, the process of cell advancement from the basement membrane to desquamation from the surface is ˜25 days, later this process slows down and ranges from 56 to 72 days. In patients with psoriasis, keratinocytes multiply very rapidly and move from the basal layer to the surface in about 4 days. The skin cannot get rid of these cells fast enough. in a short period of time, their number increases sharply. This, in turn, leads to the formation of compacted, dry areas on the skin, with the formation of spots (areas) that are clearly defined, pinkish or deep red, excessively dry, raised above the surface of the skin and covered with silvery, intensely scaly scales (rejected thin plates of keratinized epithelium), the so-called. papules.

Papules are by nature sites of chronic inflammation and excessive proliferation of lymphocytes, macrophages and keratinocytes of the skin, as well as excessive formation of new small capillaries in the skin layer. Papules merge with each other, forming plaques. The formation of psoriatic plaques is associated with specific transformations and migration of keratinocytes from the deep layers to the outer ones during their differentiation. Horny scales are formed due to the accumulation of dead cells from deeper layers of the skin that have not had time to renew themselves.

The lower layer of the dermis with its blood, lymphatic vessels and nerves becomes inflamed and swollen. The inflammatory process is the result of the body’s immune response, which fights infection, promoting healing of wounds and injuries. In psoriasis, cells provoke the production of autoantibodies that affect their own cells of the skin and joints, so psoriasis is often referred to as an autoimmune chronic skin disease.

Unfortunately, no therapeutic approach provides a complete cure for psoriasis. Currently, the main goal of therapy is to reduce the severity of symptoms, and the use of modern means allows you to stabilize the condition and get long periods of remission. The choice of treatment methods and drugs depends on the severity of the condition, the age of the patient, the area of ​​the skin surface affected, the presence or absence of psoriatic arthritis, etc.

In psoriasis, there are three stages of the development of the disease: progressive, stationary and regressive. Therapy of various forms and stages of psoriasis includes the use of local and systemic drugs, and, if necessary, correction with excimer lasers, phototherapy, herbal medicine, PUVA therapy (high-intensity ultraviolet A irradiation), but combination therapy is most effective, primarily using biopharmaceutical drugs, i.e. medicinal substances of biological and biotechnological origin.

There are three treatment options for psoriasis :

I. Topical topical therapy (lotions, ointments, creams, shampoos).
II. Systemic drugs (tablets and injections).
III. Alternative treatments for psoriasis.

EXTERNAL THERAPY WITH LOCAL REMEDIES

External therapy of psoriasis plays a leading role, since among the forms of the disease, mild and moderate ones prevail, both in terms of the course and the prevalence of the skin process.

Keratolytics

A keratolytic is a substance that actively exfoliates dead skin cells from the surface of the skin. The drugs have been used since 1900 in the treatment of various forms of psoriasis. Keratoplastic and keratolytic (softening) agents do not have a pathogenic effect on the inflammatory psoriatic infiltrate, they only soften the thickened stratum corneum and facilitate exfoliation. For most patients, daily use of an emollient ointment or cream after a bath (shower) is an integral part of therapy. Typically, these formulations contain low concentrations of salicylic acid or higher concentrations of lactic acid from 5 to 12%). The components of these drugs, however, do not have a directed effect on inflammation in psoriasis. The drug is available in vials of 25 or 40 g.

Sulfur-salicylic ointment combination preparation for external use. When sulfur interacts with organic substances, sulfides and pentathionic acid are formed, which have an antimicrobial, antiparasitic effect. Sulfides, in addition, have keratoplastic properties. When using the drug in some cases, local reactions may occur in the form of itching, burning.

Anthralin ( Dithranol, Cygnoderm ) an external preparation for psoriasis, used as a cream (0.1-2%) and ointment (0.12%), has an irritant, keratolytic and keratoplastic effect when it slows down processes of mitosis and proliferation of epidermal cells, reducing the rate of protein synthesis.

An anti-psoriatic component from the legume Andira araroba has been identified as chrysarobin an easily oxidized chrysophanic acid reduction product. Synthetic substitute chrysarobin Anthralin was obtained in 1915, it has the ability to lead to remission of psoriasis, reproducing a component that is stable for a long time in the reduced active form, but quickly oxidizes in tissues. Factors limiting the use of the drug are irritant and coloring properties. Usually the drug is applied for 30-60 minutes. (short-term contact therapy) and then removed.

Therapeutic resins

Therapeutic resins are products of the destructive distillation of wood, coal or bitumen – they are very complex mixtures containing up to 10,000 components. Tar preparations appeared in medical practice in 1940.

Coal tar , which is a black liquid with a characteristic odor, has been used to treat psoriasis for about 100 years, now it is being replaced by more modern products containing vitamin D3. In an attempt to eliminate color and smell coal tar various hot distillation methods have been used. Tar alters keratinization, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. The tool has antipruritic properties, has a weak antiseptic and photosensitizing effect. Purified resins are less phototoxic, but phototoxicity in psoriasis is directly related to the therapeutic effect. Coal tar is often combined with other drugs and used in PUVA therapy. The treatment has the following disadvantages: causes skin irritation and stains clothing. Patients using coal tar have a high risk of sunburn within 24 hours. after use.

To improve the condition of mild and moderate psoriasis allows the use of Coal tar and Anthralin a in combination. Unlike steroids, these agents do not cause skin thinning or drug tolerance.

Preservatives, dyes, flavors – Tbilisi Central District Hospital

Published: 17.08.2017, 10:33

A threat to your health – preservatives, dyes, flavors.

Everything that seems to be necessary, but very dangerous.

Agriculture is one of Russia’s four national priorities today. But even in this project, the leading role (the main priority) should be assigned to the cultivation of environmentally friendly non-GMO products. To preserve and improve health, we simply need such products, and in the West they are ready to pay big money for them. All conditions for the successful development of this area of ​​agriculture today are available. We have fertile land and money in the “jewel”, it’s only a matter of small things, the will of the country’s top leadership to develop and support this direction in every possible way.

Today we import more foodstuffs than we export, and this is the paradox of a gigantic country. Coming to the store, we are constantly confronted with products that contain various food additives E: preservatives, dyes, emulsifiers, etc. Studies have shown that a number of such substances pose a serious threat to our health. These additives are not needed to increase the health and nutritional value of foods, nor to improve health. They are used to enhance flavor, improve nutritional value, delay spoilage, extend shelf life, simplify preparation, and make foods more affordable. Studies have shown that a number of such substances, with constant use, depending on the individual influence, pose a serious threat to health.

Most artificial colors and flavors are derived from synthetic chemicals. Many of these products are believed to be toxic to the human body, and it is not known how they may affect future health. They are used due to their low cost compared to real, natural ingredients. In the last 30 years alone, the consumption of artificial dyes has increased 10 times. Several thousand tons of dyes of seven types from coal tar are consumed annually with products. Four out of seven dyes cause cancer in experimental animals.

But since all these food additives in the form of preservatives, colors and flavors are listed on the package, you can avoid eating them without any problems if you wish.

Dyes and additives (E100 – E181)

• E100 – Curcumin – Orange-yellow color, made from a plant of the ginger family.
• E101 – Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), Riboflavins – Yellow, Vitamin
• E102 – Tartrazine – Yellow color, used in soft drinks, confectionery. It is recommended not to give to children in order to avoid the appearance of allergies.
• E104 – Quinoline Yellow – Banned in some countries
• E107 – Yellow 2G – Not recommended for children to avoid allergic reactions. May cause an allergic reaction in people with asthma. Traditionally used in the production of b / a drinks.
• E110 – Sunset Yellow FCF – Typical products: spirits, confectionery, instant soups. May cause allergic reactions: rash, swelling, nausea.
• E120 – Carmines – Used in candy, ice cream, yogurt, drinks, etc. They can cause allergic reactions from a simple rash to anaphylactic shock.
• E122 – Carmoisine – Color red. It is recommended to avoid allergy sufferers, asthmatics, children. Typical products are sweets, marzipans, jelly.
• E123 – Amaranth – Banned (not used in the US since 1976). Very dangerous
• E124 – Ponceau 4R, crimson 4R – Color red. It is recommended to avoid children, asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin.
• E127 – Erythrocin – Prohibited. May increase the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, cause photosensitivity.
• E128 – Red 2G – Banned in some countries.
• E129 – Alluring Red AC – May cause allergic skin reactions. Typical products are fruit fillings, biscuits, cakes.
• E131 – Patent Blue V – Banned in some countries. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E132 – Indigo Carmine – Should be avoided by people prone to allergies. Causes the following allergic reactions: nausea, vomiting, rash, high blood pressure, difficulty breathing.
• E133 – Brilliant blue – Not recommended for children to avoid allergic reactions.
• E140 – Chlorophyll, chlorophyllin – Green to olive colors. Natural dye, has no side effects.
• E141 – Copper complexes of chlorophyll and chlorophyllin – Olive color. Side effects are unknown.
• Е142 – Cancerogenic food additive
• E153 – Cancerogenic food additive

Preservatives (E200 – E290)

• E200 – Sorbic acid – Possible skin irritation
• E201 – Sodium Sorbate – No side effects known
• E202 – Potassium Sorbate – No side effects known
• E203 – Calcium Sorbate – No known side effects
• E210 – Benzoic acid – Causes allergic reactions, typical beverage products, ketchups. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E211 – Sodium Benzoate – Causes allergic reactions, typical beverage products, ketchups. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E212 – Potassium benzoate – Causes allergic reactions, typical beverage products, ketchups. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E213 – Calcium Benzoate – Causes allergic reactions, typical beverage products, ketchups. Cancer-forming carcinogenic food additive
• E214 – para-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester – Banned in some countries. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E215 – Para-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt – Banned in some countries. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E216 – para-hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester – Causes allergic reactions. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E217 – Para-hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester sodium salt – Banned in some countries.
• E218 – para-Hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester – Allergic reactions mainly skin
• E219 – Para-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester sodium salt – Banned in some countries. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E220 – Sulfur Dioxide – May cause fatal allergic reactions in asthmatics, destroys vitamin B1. Typical food items: beer, b/a drinks, dried fruits, juices, alcoholic drinks, wine, vinegar, potato products. If you consider yourself prone to allergies, you’d better avoid sulfur dioxide and its derivatives.
• E221 – Sodium sulfite – See 220
• E222 – Sodium Hydrosulfite – See 220
• E223 – Sodium pyrosulphite – See 220
• E224 – Potassium pyrosulphite – See 220
• E225 – Potassium sulfite – See 220
• E226 – Calcium sulfite – Banned in some countries
• E227 – Calcium Hydrosulfite – Banned in some countries
• E228 – Potassium bisulfite – See 220
• E230 – Biphenyl – Banned in some countries (Australia), typical citrus products. Can be used for agricultural purposes. A cancer-forming carcinogenic food additive.
• E231 – ortho-Phenylphenol – Banned in some countries (Australia). Can be used for agricultural purposes. Typical products: pears, carrots, peaches, plums, citrus fruits, pineapples, tomatoes, peppers, cherries, nectarines.
• E232 – ortho-Phenylphenol sodium salt – See 231
• E233 – Thiabendazole – Banned in some countries (Australia). Can be used for agricultural purposes. Typical products: citrus fruits, apples, pears, potatoes, bananas, mushrooms, milk, meat.
• E234 – Nisin – Side effects unknown.
• E235 – Natamycin, Pimaricin – Typical products, meat, cheese. May cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and skin irritation.
• E236 – Formic acid – Banned in some countries.
• E237 – Sodium Formate – Banned in some countries.
• E238 – Calcium Formate – Banned in some countries.
• E239 – Hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine) – Banned in some countries.
• E240 – Cancerogenic food additive
• E249 – Potassium Nitrite – Banned for use in baby food. May cause weakness, headaches, breathing difficulties, potential carcinogen, typical foods: meat. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E250 – Sodium nitrite – See 249. In addition, adding it to food leads to the formation of a small amount of proteinaceous crustaceans (nitrosamines), especially in fried pork. Nitrites can also form in saliva from nitrates found in agricultural products. Manufacturers add ascorbic acid to products along with nitrite, which prevents the formation of nitrosamines. However, is it worth the risk?
• E251 – Sodium nitrate – See 250
• E252 – Potassium nitrate – See 249
• E260 – Acetic acid – No known side effects.
• E261 – Potassium acetate – Recommended to avoid in people with kidney disease. Typical products: sauces, pickled cucumbers.
• E262 – Sodium acetate – Side effects unknown.
• E264 – Ammonium acetate – May cause nausea and vomiting.
• E270 – Lactic acid – May cause problems in young children. Typical products: b / a drinks, condiments, confectionery, baby food
• E280 – Propionic Acid – No known side effects. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E281 – Sodium Propionate – Possibly causes migraines, typical foods: flour products. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E282 – Calcium Propionate – See 281
• E283 – Potassium Propionate – See 281
• E290 – Carbon Dioxide – Increases the effect that alcohol has on the body, typical products: wine, soft drinks, confectionery

Acids, antioxidants, mineral salts (E296 – E385)

• E296 – Malic Acid (DL-) – Not recommended for infants and young children.
• E297 – Fumaric acid – Side effects unknown
• E300 – Ascorbic acid (L-) – Vitamin C
• E301 – Sodium Ascorbate – Vitamin C Sodium Salt
• E302 – Calcium ascorbate – Vitamin C may increase the formation of calcium oxalate in bone tissue
• E303 – Potassium ascorbate – Vitamin C potassium salt
• E304 – Ascorbyl palmitate – Same function as vitamin C.
• E306, E307 E308, E309 – Tocopherols – Vitamin E derivatives
• E310 – Propyl Gallate – Prohibited from use in foods for infants and young children, as it may cause indigestion, irritation of the skin. Typical products: margarine, fats, oils. Some studies have suggested that propyl gallate may cause the formation of cancerous tumors.
• E311 – Octyl Gallate – See 310
• E312 – Dodecyl gallate – See 310
• E317 – Potassium isoascorbate – Side effects unknown
• E318 – Calcium isoascorbate – Side effects unknown
• E319 – tert-Butylhydroquinone – May cause nausea, vomiting, hallucinations. 5 gr. is a lethal dose for humans. Typical products: fats, oils, margarine.
• E320 – Butylhydroxyniazole (BHA) – Banned for use in baby food. Some studies indicate that it causes the formation of cancerous tumors in rats. Typical products: nuts, fats, oils, margarine, instant potato products.
• E321 – Butylhydroxytoluene – Animal studies have shown that it either increases or reduces the risk of cancer. Prohibited for use in baby food. Typical product: nuts.
• E322 – Lecithins, phosphatides – Non-toxic.
• E325 – Sodium lactate – May cause allergic reactions in lactose intolerant children.
• E326 – Potassium lactate – See 325
• E327 – Calcium lactate – See 325
• E328 – Ammonium lactate – See 325
• E329 – Magnesium lactate – See 325
• E330 – Citric Acid – Occurs naturally in citrus fruits. Crustaceous carcinogenic food additive
• E331 – Sodium citrates – Side effects unknown
• E332 – Potassium citrates – Side effects unknown
• E333 – Calcium citrates – No side effects known for small amounts
• E334 – Tartaric acid – No side effects known for small amounts
• E335 – Sodium tartrates – Side effects unknown
• E336 – Potassium tartrates – Side effects unknown
• E337 – Potassium sodium tartrate – Side effects unknown
• E338 – Orthophosphoric acid – Side effects unknown
• E339 – Sodium phosphates – A large amount causes an imbalance in the calcium-phosphorus balance in the body
• E340 – Potassium phosphates – See 339
• E341 – Calcium phosphates – Side effects unknown
• E343 – Magnesium phosphates – Minerals
• E350 – Sodium malate – Side effects unknown
• E351 – Potassium malate – Side effects unknown
• E352 – Calcium malates – Side effects unknown
• E353 – meta-tartaric acid – Side effects unknown
• E354 – Calcium tartrate – Seems safe
• E355 – Adipic acid – Side effects unknown
• E357 – Potassium adipates – Side effects unknown
• E363 – Succinic acid – Banned in some countries
• E365 – Sodium Fumarates – No side effects known
• E366 – Potassium Fumarates – No side effects known
• E367 – Calcium Fumarates – No side effects known
• E375 – Nicotinic acid – Vitamin B3
• E380 – Ammonium citrates – May affect liver function
• E381 – Ammonium-iron citrates – Minerals
• E385 – Calcium Sodium Ethylenedamine Tetraacetate – Banned in some countries

Emulsifiers (create a homogeneous mixture of immiscible phases such as water and oil) (E500-E599)

• E510 – Very dangerous
• E513 – Very dangerous
• E527 – Very dangerous

Defoamers (prevent or reduce foam formation) (E900-E999)

• Е954 – Cancerogenic food additive

General recommendations for food selection.