What are the common side effects of cold medicines. How can you safely use cough and cold combinations. What precautions should you take when using acetaminophen-containing products. How do different cold medicine ingredients work to relieve symptoms.

The Risks of Acetaminophen in Cold Medicines

Acetaminophen is a common ingredient in many cold and flu medications, but it comes with potential risks. The FDA warns that taking too much acetaminophen can lead to serious liver damage. Adults should not exceed 4,000 milligrams (4 grams) of acetaminophen per day. Those with liver problems and children should take even less.

How can you avoid acetaminophen overdose? Check the labels of all your medications carefully. Many over-the-counter and prescription drugs contain acetaminophen, including pain relievers and cough-and-cold products. When in doubt, consult your pharmacist or doctor about safe dosages.

Signs of Acetaminophen Overdose

• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Excessive sweating
• Abdominal pain
• Extreme fatigue
• Yellowing of the eyes or skin (jaundice)
• Dark urine

If you experience these symptoms after taking acetaminophen-containing products, seek medical help immediately, even if you feel otherwise well. Prompt treatment is crucial in cases of acetaminophen overdose.

Understanding Cough Suppressants: Dextromethorphan

Dextromethorphan (DM) is a common cough suppressant found in many cold medications. It works by affecting specific areas of the brain to reduce the urge to cough. While effective for many types of coughs, it’s important to understand its limitations.

Is dextromethorphan suitable for all types of coughs? Not necessarily. It’s primarily intended for short-term use to treat coughs associated with the common cold, flu, or other acute respiratory illnesses. Dextromethorphan is not typically recommended for chronic coughs related to smoking, asthma, emphysema, or other long-term breathing problems unless specifically prescribed by a doctor.

When to Avoid Dextromethorphan

• Productive coughs with significant mucus
• Chronic respiratory conditions without medical supervision
• Children under 6 years old (unless directed by a pediatrician)
• If you’re taking MAO inhibitors or have taken them in the past two weeks

Decongestants: Relieving Nasal and Sinus Congestion

Decongestants are another key component in many cold medicines. These ingredients work by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and congestion. Common decongestants include pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine.

How do decongestants provide relief? By shrinking swollen tissues in the nose, decongestants help to clear nasal passages and ease breathing. They can also help relieve ear pressure caused by congestion. However, decongestants may not be suitable for everyone.

Precautions When Using Decongestants

1. Avoid use if you have high blood pressure, unless approved by your doctor
2. Use caution if you have heart disease, diabetes, or thyroid problems
3. Be aware that decongestants can cause insomnia if taken near bedtime
4. Do not use decongestant nasal sprays for more than 3 days to avoid rebound congestion

The Role of Antihistamines in Cold Medicines

While primarily associated with allergy relief, antihistamines are often included in cold medicine formulations. They can help alleviate symptoms such as runny nose, watery eyes, and sneezing that often accompany colds.

How do antihistamines work in cold medicines? Antihistamines block the effects of histamine, a substance your body produces during allergic reactions. In the context of a cold, they can help dry up nasal secretions and provide some relief from symptoms that overlap with allergies.

Common Antihistamines in Cold Medicines

• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
• Chlorpheniramine
• Doxylamine
• Loratadine (in some formulations)

It’s important to note that many antihistamines can cause drowsiness. This can be beneficial for nighttime cold relief but may be problematic when taken during the day. Always check the label and choose a non-drowsy formula if you need to stay alert.

Safe Usage of Cough and Cold Combinations

Combination cold medicines can be effective for symptom relief, but they require careful use to avoid potential side effects or overdosing on specific ingredients. Understanding how to use these products safely is crucial for effective treatment.

What precautions should you take when using combination cold medicines? First, always read the label carefully to understand all active ingredients. Avoid taking multiple products that contain the same ingredients to prevent accidental overdose. Follow dosage instructions precisely, and use the provided measuring device for liquid medications.

Guidelines for Safe Use of Cold Medicines

1. Don’t use cold medicines to sedate children
2. Avoid alcohol when taking cold medicines, especially those containing acetaminophen
3. Don’t exceed the recommended duration of use without consulting a healthcare provider
4. Be cautious about driving or operating machinery when taking medicines that may cause drowsiness
5. Consult a doctor before use if you have chronic health conditions or are taking other medications

Cold Medicines and Children: Special Considerations

The use of cold medicines in children requires extra caution. The FDA and pediatric health organizations have issued specific guidelines regarding the use of these products in young children.

Are cold medicines safe for all children? No, cough and cold products have not been proven safe or effective for children under 6 years old. For children between 6 and 12 years, use caution and follow dosage instructions carefully. Some products, particularly long-acting formulations, are not recommended for children under 12.

Alternative Cold Relief for Children

• Encourage plenty of rest and fluid intake
• Use saline drops or spray to relieve nasal congestion
• Run a cool-mist humidifier to moisturize the air
• Try honey for cough relief (for children over 1 year old)
• Use acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and pain relief, following age-appropriate dosing

Always consult a pediatrician before giving any cold medicines to children, especially those with chronic health conditions or taking other medications.

Potential Side Effects of Cold Medicines

While cold medicines can provide relief from symptoms, they can also cause various side effects. Understanding these potential adverse effects can help users make informed decisions about their use.

What are some common side effects of cold medicines? Side effects can vary depending on the specific ingredients, but may include:

• Drowsiness or dizziness
• Dry mouth, nose, or throat
• Stomach upset or nausea
• Headache
• Nervousness or restlessness
• Increased heart rate
• Difficulty urinating

More severe side effects, while rare, can occur. These may include allergic reactions, severe dizziness, persistent headache, or fast/irregular heartbeat. If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, discontinue use and seek medical attention promptly.

Minimizing Side Effects

1. Start with the lowest effective dose
2. Avoid combining multiple cold products
3. Be aware of potential drug interactions with other medications you’re taking
4. Don’t use cold medicines for extended periods without medical supervision
5. Stay hydrated to help minimize dry mouth and other side effects

Natural Remedies and Lifestyle Measures for Cold Relief

While over-the-counter cold medicines can be effective, many people prefer to try natural remedies or lifestyle measures first. These approaches can often provide relief without the risk of side effects associated with pharmaceutical products.

What natural remedies can help alleviate cold symptoms? Several home remedies and lifestyle changes have shown promise in managing cold symptoms:

• Staying well-hydrated with water, herbal teas, or clear broths
• Using a neti pot or saline nasal irrigation to clear congestion
• Gargling with salt water to soothe a sore throat
• Consuming honey, either alone or in warm tea, to suppress coughs
• Taking zinc supplements at the onset of symptoms (may reduce duration of colds)
• Using essential oils like eucalyptus or peppermint in a diffuser or steam inhalation
• Getting plenty of rest to support the immune system

It’s important to note that while these remedies can provide relief, they are not cures for the common cold. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a healthcare provider.

Lifestyle Measures to Support Recovery

1. Maintain good hand hygiene to prevent spreading the virus
2. Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air and ease congestion
3. Elevate your head while sleeping to promote sinus drainage
4. Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke, which can irritate the respiratory system
5. Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables to support immune function

When to Seek Medical Attention for Cold Symptoms

While most colds resolve on their own with time and self-care, certain symptoms or situations warrant medical attention. Recognizing when to consult a healthcare provider is crucial for preventing complications and ensuring proper treatment.

When should you see a doctor for cold symptoms? Consider seeking medical care if you experience:

• Fever above 101.3°F (38.5°C) that lasts more than three days
• Symptoms that persist for more than 10 days without improvement
• Severe sore throat or swollen glands
• Difficulty breathing or chest pain
• Severe headache or facial pain
• Rash
• Persistent vomiting
• Symptoms that worsen after initially improving

Additionally, individuals with weakened immune systems, chronic health conditions, or the very young or elderly should have a lower threshold for seeking medical attention when experiencing cold symptoms.

Red Flags That Require Immediate Medical Attention

1. Sudden onset of severe symptoms
2. High fever with neck stiffness
3. Confusion or altered mental state
4. Severe abdominal pain
5. Coughing up blood

These symptoms could indicate a more serious condition and should be evaluated promptly by a healthcare professional.

The Future of Cold Medicine: Research and Developments

As our understanding of the common cold and its treatment evolves, researchers continue to explore new approaches to managing symptoms and potentially shortening the duration of illness. While a cure for the common cold remains elusive, ongoing studies are shedding light on promising avenues for improved treatment options.

What new developments are on the horizon for cold medicine? Several areas of research show potential:

• Antiviral compounds targeting specific cold-causing viruses
• Nasal sprays that boost the body’s natural immune response
• Gene-targeting therapies to prevent viral replication
• Improved delivery methods for existing medications
• Novel combinations of natural compounds with proven efficacy

While these developments are exciting, it’s important to note that bringing new treatments to market involves rigorous testing and regulatory approval processes. In the meantime, focusing on safe and effective use of existing cold medicines, along with proven self-care measures, remains the best approach for managing cold symptoms.

Promising Areas of Cold Medicine Research

1. Immunomodulatory therapies to enhance the body’s natural defenses
2. Personalized medicine approaches based on individual genetic profiles
3. Advanced formulations for extended symptom relief with fewer side effects
4. Integration of traditional remedies with modern pharmaceutical science
5. Development of broad-spectrum antivirals effective against multiple cold-causing viruses

As research progresses, it’s likely that we’ll see more targeted and effective cold treatments emerge, potentially revolutionizing how we manage this common ailment. However, it’s crucial to approach new treatments with caution and always consult healthcare professionals for the most up-to-date and appropriate care recommendations.

Flu And Cold Medicine (DM) Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Warnings:

One ingredient in this product is acetaminophen. Taking too much acetaminophen may cause serious (possibly fatal) liver disease. Adults should not take more than 4000 milligrams (4 grams) of acetaminophen a day. People with liver problems and children should take less acetaminophen. Ask your doctor or pharmacist how much acetaminophen is safe to take.

Do not use with any other drug containing acetaminophen without asking your doctor or pharmacist first. Acetaminophen is in many nonprescription and prescription medications (such as pain/fever drugs or cough-and-cold products). Check the labels on all your medicines to see if they contain acetaminophen, and ask your pharmacist if you are unsure.

Get medical help right away if you take too much acetaminophen (overdose), even if you feel well. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sweating, stomach/abdominal pain, extreme tiredness, yellowing eyes/skin, and dark urine.

Daily alcohol use, especially when combined with acetaminophen, may damage your liver. Avoid alcohol.

Warnings:

One ingredient in this product is acetaminophen. Taking too much acetaminophen may cause serious (possibly fatal) liver disease. Adults should not take more than 4000 milligrams (4 grams) of acetaminophen a day. People with liver problems and children should take less acetaminophen. Ask your doctor or pharmacist how much acetaminophen is safe to take.

Do not use with any other drug containing acetaminophen without asking your doctor or pharmacist first. Acetaminophen is in many nonprescription and prescription medications (such as pain/fever drugs or cough-and-cold products). Check the labels on all your medicines to see if they contain acetaminophen, and ask your pharmacist if you are unsure.

Get medical help right away if you take too much acetaminophen (overdose), even if you feel well. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sweating, stomach/abdominal pain, extreme tiredness, yellowing eyes/skin, and dark urine.

Daily alcohol use, especially when combined with acetaminophen, may damage your liver. Avoid alcohol.

… Show More

Uses

This combination medication is used to temporarily treat symptoms caused by the common cold, flu, allergies, or other breathing illnesses (such as sinusitis, bronchitis). Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant that affects a certain part of the brain, reducing the urge to cough. Decongestants help relieve stuffy nose and ear congestion symptoms. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a non-aspirin pain reliever and fever reducer. Antihistamines help relieve watery eyes, itchy eyes/nose/throat, runny nose, and sneezing.This medication is not usually used for ongoing coughs from smoking, asthma, or other long-term breathing problems (such as emphysema), or for coughs with a lot of mucus, unless directed by your doctor.Cough-and-cold products have not been shown to be safe or effective in children younger than 6 years. Do not use this product to treat cold symptoms in children younger than 6 years unless specifically directed by the doctor. Some products (such as long-acting tablets/capsules) are not recommended for use in children younger than 12 years. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details about using your product safely.These products do not cure or shorten the length of the common cold and may cause serious side effects. To decrease the risk for serious side effects, carefully follow all dosage directions. Do not use this product to make a child sleepy. Do not give other cough-and-cold medication that might contain the same or similar ingredients (see also Drug Interactions section). Ask the doctor or pharmacist about other ways to relieve cough and cold symptoms (such as drinking enough fluids, using a humidifier or saline nose drops/spray).

How to use Flu And Cold Medicine (DM) Packet

See also Warning section.

If you are taking the over-the-counter product, read and follow all directions on the package label. If your doctor has prescribed this medication for you, take as directed by your doctor. If you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Take this medication by mouth with or without food or as directed by your doctor. If stomach upset occurs, it may help to take this medication with food or milk. Drink plenty of fluids when you use this medication unless otherwise directed by your doctor. The fluid will help loosen the mucus in your lungs.

If you are using the liquid form of this medication, carefully measure the dose using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If your liquid form is a suspension, shake the bottle well before each dose.

If you are taking extended-release capsules, swallow them whole. Do not crush or chew extended-release capsules or tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split extended-release tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing.

If you are taking the chewable form of this medication, chew it thoroughly before swallowing.

The dosage is based on your age, medical condition, and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose, take it more often, or use it for a longer time than directed. Improper use of this medication (abuse) may result in serious harm (including brain damage, seizure, death).

Tell your doctor if your condition lasts for more than 1 week, if it gets worse, or if it occurs with a headache that doesn’t go away, rash, or fever lasting more than 3 days. These may be symptoms of a serious medical problem and should be checked by a doctor.

Side Effects

See also Warning section.

Drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, upset stomach, nausea, nervousness, constipation, or dry mouth/nose/throat may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

If your doctor has prescribed this medication, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: mental/mood changes (such as confusion, hallucinations), shaking, trouble urinating, fast/slow/irregular heartbeat, seizure.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

See also Warning section.

Before taking this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to any of its ingredients; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

If you have any of the following health problems, consult your doctor or pharmacist before using this medication: breathing problems (such as asthma, emphysema), diabetes, glaucoma, heart problems, high blood pressure, kidney problems, liver disease, seizures, stomach/intestinal problems (such as blockage, constipation, ulcers), overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), urination problems (such as trouble urinating due to enlarged prostate, urinary retention).

This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy or blur your vision. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness or clear vision until you can do it safely. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).

Some brands of this product may contain sugar, alcohol, or aspartame. Caution is advised if you have diabetes, alcohol dependence, liver disease, phenylketonuria (PKU), or any other condition that requires you to limit/avoid these substances in your diet. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using this product safely.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of this drug, especially dizziness, drowsiness, mental/mood changes, constipation, trouble urinating, fast heartbeat, and blood pressure changes. Dizziness, drowsiness and confusion can increase the risk of falling.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

This medication may pass into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

See also Warning section.

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Taking certain MAO inhibitors with this medication may cause a serious (possibly fatal) drug interaction. Avoid taking isocarboxazid, metaxalone, methylene blue, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, safinamide, selegiline, or tranylcypromine during treatment with this medication. Most MAO inhibitors should also not be taken for two weeks before treatment with this medication. Ask your doctor when to start or stop taking this medication.

Some products that may interact with this drug are: antihistamines applied to the skin (such as diphenhydramine cream, ointment, spray), ketoconazole, levoketoconazole, rolapitant.

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking other products that cause drowsiness such as opioid pain or cough relievers (such as codeine, hydrocodone), alcohol, marijuana (cannabis), drugs for sleep or anxiety (such as alprazolam, lorazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants (such as carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine), or other antihistamines (such as cetirizine, diphenhydramine).

The ingredients in this product are available in many prescription and nonprescription products. Check the labels on all your medicines (such as pain/fever drugs, diet aids, or cough-and-cold/allergy products) because they may contain the same or similar ingredients. Using these drugs along with this product could increase side effects (such as fast heartbeat, increased blood pressure, or drowsiness). Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely.

This medication may interfere with certain lab tests (such as urine drug screening tests, urine 5-HIAA), possibly causing false test results. Make sure lab personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

Does Flu And Cold Medicine (DM) Packet interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sweating, stomach/abdominal pain, extreme tiredness, agitation, confusion, flushing, hallucinations, yellowing eyes/skin, dark urine, seizures. In children, excitement may occur first, and may be followed by: loss of coordination, drowsiness, loss of consciousness, seizures.

Keep all medical and lab appointments.

Do not take this product for several days before allergy testing because test results can be affected.

If you are taking this product on a regular schedule and miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Do not freeze liquid forms of this medication. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

Images

Next

Save up to 80% on your prescriptions.

Available coupons

Save up to 80% on your prescription with WebMDRx

Drug Survey

Have you ever purchased Flu And Cold Medicine (DM) Packet?

Yes, In the past 3 months

Yes, In the past 6 months

Yes, In the past year

Haven’t purchased but considering

Don’t plan to purchase

This survey is being conducted by the WebMD marketing sciences department.

Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

Daytime Cold Medicine Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

Warnings:

One ingredient in this product is acetaminophen. Taking too much acetaminophen may cause serious (possibly fatal) liver disease. Adults should not take more than 4000 milligrams (4 grams) of acetaminophen a day. People with liver problems and children should take less acetaminophen. Ask your doctor or pharmacist how much acetaminophen is safe to take.

Do not use with any other drug containing acetaminophen without asking your doctor or pharmacist first. Acetaminophen is in many nonprescription and prescription medications (such as pain/fever drugs or cough-and-cold products). Check the labels on all your medicines to see if they contain acetaminophen, and ask your pharmacist if you are unsure.

Get medical help right away if you take too much acetaminophen (overdose), even if you feel well. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sweating, stomach/abdominal pain, extreme tiredness, yellowing eyes/skin, and dark urine.

Daily alcohol use, especially when combined with acetaminophen, may damage your liver. Avoid alcohol.

Warnings:

One ingredient in this product is acetaminophen. Taking too much acetaminophen may cause serious (possibly fatal) liver disease. Adults should not take more than 4000 milligrams (4 grams) of acetaminophen a day. People with liver problems and children should take less acetaminophen. Ask your doctor or pharmacist how much acetaminophen is safe to take.

Do not use with any other drug containing acetaminophen without asking your doctor or pharmacist first. Acetaminophen is in many nonprescription and prescription medications (such as pain/fever drugs or cough-and-cold products). Check the labels on all your medicines to see if they contain acetaminophen, and ask your pharmacist if you are unsure.

Get medical help right away if you take too much acetaminophen (overdose), even if you feel well. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sweating, stomach/abdominal pain, extreme tiredness, yellowing eyes/skin, and dark urine.

Daily alcohol use, especially when combined with acetaminophen, may damage your liver. Avoid alcohol.

… Show More

Uses

This combination medication is used to temporarily treat cough, stuffy nose, body aches, and other symptoms (such as fever, headache, sore throat) caused by the common cold, flu, or other breathing illnesses (such as sinusitis, bronchitis). Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant that affects a certain part of the brain (cough center), reducing the urge to cough. Decongestants help to relieve stuffy nose symptoms. This product also contains acetaminophen, a non-aspirin pain reliever and fever reducer.This medication is usually not used for ongoing coughs from smoking, asthma, or other long-term breathing problems (such as emphysema), or for coughs with a lot of mucus, unless directed by your doctor.Cough-and-cold products have not been shown to be safe or effective in children younger than 6 years. Do not use this product to treat cold symptoms in children younger than 6 years unless specifically directed by the doctor. Some products (such as long-acting tablets/capsules) are not recommended for use in children younger than 12 years. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details about using your product safely.These products do not cure or shorten the length of the common cold and may cause serious side effects. To decrease the risk for serious side effects, carefully follow all dosage directions. Do not use this product to make a child sleepy. Do not give other cough-and-cold medication that might contain the same or similar ingredients (see also Drug Interactions section). Ask the doctor or pharmacist about other ways to relieve cough and cold symptoms (such as drinking enough fluids, using a humidifier or saline nose drops/spray).

How to use Daytime Cold Medicine Liquid

See also Warning section.

If you are taking the over-the-counter product, read all directions on the product package before taking this medication. If you have any questions, consult your pharmacist.

Take this medication by mouth with or without food or as directed by your doctor. This medication can be taken with food or milk if stomach upset occurs.

If you are using a liquid form, carefully measure your prescribed dose using a medication-measuring device or spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. If your liquid form is a suspension, shake the bottle well before each dose.

Chewable forms of this medication should be chewed thoroughly before swallowing.

The dosage is based on your age. Do not increase your dose or take this medication more often than directed without your doctor’s approval. Improper use of this medication (abuse) may result in serious harm (such as brain damage, seizure, death).

Tell your doctor if your condition lasts for more than 1 week, if it gets worse, or if it occurs with headache that doesn’t go away, rash, or fever lasting more than 3 days. These may be symptoms of a serious medical problem and should be checked by a doctor.

Side Effects

See also Warning section.

Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, nervousness, or trouble sleeping may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, contact your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: mental/mood changes (such as confusion, hallucinations), shaking (tremors), weakness, problems urinating.

Get medical help right away if you have any very serious side effects, including: chest pain, fast/irregular heartbeat.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

In the US – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch.

In Canada – Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.

Precautions

See also Warning section.

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to any of its ingredients; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: breathing problems (such as asthma, emphysema), diabetes, glaucoma, heart problems, high blood pressure, kidney problems, liver disease, overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), trouble urinating (such as due to enlarged prostate), use/abuse of alcohol.

This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy. Alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can make you more dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs alertness until you can do it safely. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Talk to your doctor if you are using marijuana (cannabis).

Liquid or chewable forms of this product may contain sugar or aspartame. Liquid forms may also contain alcohol. Caution is advised if you have diabetes, alcohol dependence, liver disease, phenylketonuria (PKU), or any other condition that requires you to limit/avoid these substances in your diet. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using this product safely.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist that you are taking this medication.

Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially fast/irregular heartbeat, dizziness, problems urinating, trouble sleeping, or confusion.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only if clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

This medication may pass into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Interactions

See also Warning section.

Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor’s approval.

Taking certain MAO inhibitors with this medication may cause a serious (possibly fatal) drug interaction. Avoid taking isocarboxazid, metaxalone, methylene blue, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, safinamide, selegiline, or tranylcypromine during treatment with this medication. Most MAO inhibitors should also not be taken for two weeks before treatment with this medication. Ask your doctor when to start or stop taking this medication.

Some products that may interact with this drug are: anti-seizure medications (such as phenytoin, phenobarbital), beta blockers (such as metoprolol, atenolol), guanethidine, ketoconazole, levoketoconazole, methyldopa, phenothiazines (such as chlorpromazine), rolapitant, tricyclic antidepressants (such as amitriptyline, desipramine).

The ingredients in this product are available in many prescription and nonprescription products. Check the labels on all your medications carefully to make sure you are not taking more than one product with the same ingredient(s). Consult your pharmacist if you are unsure of the ingredients in any of your medications.

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking other products that cause drowsiness such as opioid pain or cough relievers (such as codeine, hydrocodone), alcohol, marijuana (cannabis), drugs for sleep or anxiety (such as alprazolam, lorazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants (such as carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine), or antihistamines (such as cetirizine, diphenhydramine).

Check the labels on all your medicines (such as allergy or cough-and-cold products) because they may contain ingredients that cause drowsiness. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely.

Some products have ingredients that could raise your heart rate or blood pressure. Tell your pharmacist what products you are using, and ask how to use them safely (especially cough-and-cold products or diet aids).

This medication may interfere with certain urine lab tests (such as 5-HIAA levels), possibly causing false test results. Make sure lab personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

Does Daytime Cold Medicine Liquid interact with other drugs you are taking?

Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker

Overdose

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sweating, stomach/abdominal pain, extreme tiredness, yellowing eyes/skin, dark urine, agitation, confusion, hallucinations, seizures.

Keep all medical and lab appointments.

If your doctor has directed you to take this medication on a regular schedule and you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose. Take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Store as directed on the package label. Protect from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. If you have any questions about storage, ask your pharmacist. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

Images

Next

Save up to 80% on your prescriptions.

Available coupons

Save up to 80% on your prescription with WebMDRx

Drug Survey

Have you ever purchased Daytime Cold Medicine Liquid?

Yes, In the past 3 months

Yes, In the past 6 months

Yes, In the past year

Haven’t purchased but considering

Don’t plan to purchase

This survey is being conducted by the WebMD marketing sciences department.

Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.

CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.

mechanism of action, whether they help with ARVI, side effects, how and when to take

If modern medicine has learned to deal with the vast majority of bacterial infections, the situation is different with viral diseases – many of them have to be treated symptomatically. We will tell you which antiviral drugs are effective in treating ARVI, how they work, and in what cases these drugs should be used.

Viral diseases and their causes

Viral infections are a group of diseases that are transmitted mainly from person to person and affect a variety of organs and systems. Among them:

● Acute respiratory viral infections: rhinovirus, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial, adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza. They affect the respiratory tract, cause a runny nose and cough, worsen well-being. The pathogen is transmitted mainly by airborne droplets.

● Viral hepatitis is an infection that affects the liver. The most dangerous types (B and C) are transmitted hematogenously (through the blood), sexually, through a medical instrument during various manipulations. Viruses cause chronic inflammation, which often ends in liver cirrhosis or cancer. Hepatitis A virus is the most common of all viral hepatitis. It is transmitted by the fecal-oral route (through dirty hands, poorly washed vegetables and fruits). Causes an acute infection that a person can get sick many times.

● Herpes virus infection. Depending on the type of pathogen, it can affect any organs and tissues: skin, pharynx, eyes, nerve fibers, lymph nodes, genitals. The infection is transmitted by airborne droplets, contact-household, sexual contact.

● HIV infection. It affects the cells of the immune system and, in the absence of adequate antiviral therapy or an aggressive course of infection, can lead to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome – AIDS. Ways of transmission of the disease – as in viral hepatitis.

The causative agents of each disease have their own characteristics, but they have one thing in common: the virus cannot live and multiply outside the cells of the human body. It penetrates the cell membrane and transfers its genetic material to it. It is impossible to destroy most viruses without eliminating many cells.

Even in the last century, many viral diseases were considered incurable. But science has created antiviral drugs that neutralize viruses and stimulate the immune system to fight infection. Thanks to them, people infected with the flu endure the disease much easier, and those with HIV or viral hepatitis can now live happily into old age.

What are antivirals

Viral disease is a difficult task for drug therapy. The fact is that the virus can live and reproduce only inside the host cell, changing its metabolic processes. Therefore, for a long time it was believed that it was impossible to act on viruses without causing significant harm to the body.

Over time, this hypothesis was revised. Since the second half of the last century, scientists have been developing antiviral drugs that act at different stages of the life cycle of the virus – they prevent the virus from attaching to the cell, penetration into and exit of mature viral particles from the cell, and disrupt reproduction (replication).

The action of these drugs in a therapeutic dose is detrimental to the virus and is practically safe for the body.

Classification of antivirals

All drugs against viruses are divided into the following groups ¹ :

● Drugs with direct antiviral action. They have a strictly defined point of application and suppress the reproduction of a certain type of virus at different stages.

● Interferons. These are protein compounds that are produced by immune cells in response to an invading virus. They also suppress the activity of viruses by changing a number of processes inside the cell.

● Interferon inductors. These are drugs that stimulate the synthesis of their own protective antiviral substances.

● Immunomodulators. Drugs that affect various parts of the immune defense, they are used only in combination with other antiviral drugs.

According to the method of administration, the listed drugs are divided into systemic and local. The former act on all organs and systems, the latter – locally, in the area of ​​application. Local preparations, as a rule, have a higher concentration of the active substance, work more efficiently, but within a limited superficial focus of infection.

Let us dwell in more detail on the antiviral agents of the listed classes, which are used in ARVI. Many of them not only treat, but also prevent the development of infection.

Direct antivirals

M2 channel blockers

²

This class includes the first drug developed in the last century for the chemotherapy of influenza – amantadine. Studies conducted according to the principles of evidence-based medicine have confirmed its effectiveness against influenza viruses type A. In our country, amantadine is not used in the treatment of influenza. Soviet scientists created on its basis a new remedy – rimantadine. This drug has a higher antiviral activity and relatively less toxicity.

How it works. The medicine is taken orally – in the form of tablets, syrup. It penetrates into the blood, and then spreads throughout the body and accumulates in the secretion of the nasal cavity. The active substance binds M2 proteins. This is a kind of “key” in the shell of the virus, which opens the “door” to the cell nucleus through the ion channels in its membrane. The virus enters the cell, but the drug blocks the access of the virus’s genetic material to the cell’s DNA. Without this, the microorganism cannot reproduce, so the concentration of viruses in the body does not increase. In addition, the drug has an antitoxic effect.

Application. In order for the medicine to give a good therapeutic effect, the tablets are started to be drunk no later than two days from the onset of the first symptoms of influenza. They are taken twice a day for five days. Children aged 1–14 are given children’s syrup.

Contraindications:

● hypersensitivity to the active and auxiliary components of the drug;

● acute hepatic pathologies;

● acute injury and chronic kidney disease;

● hyperfunction of the thyroid gland;

● pregnancy and breastfeeding;

● age up to a year.

Side effects. Amantadine often causes a number of negative side reactions:

● irritability;

● weakening of concentration of attention;

● sleep disturbance;

● loss of appetite;

● Nausea.

The toxic effect on the central nervous system is enhanced in older people who simultaneously receive antihistamines, anticholinergics (drugs that control bronchial asthma, Parkinson’s disease, stop vomiting, and are used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Another undesirable effect is the formation of resistance in the infectious agent. Over time, some viruses become resistant to the drug.

Neuraminidase inhibitors

³

These include zanamivir (now not used in Russia) and oseltamivir. Both types of antiviral drugs have a similar mechanism of action and indications, are effective against influenza A and B viruses. Compared to the previous group, they are not so toxic, they have a number of contraindications.

How it works. Neuraminidase is one of the main enzymes responsible for the replication of both types of influenza viruses. By blocking it, the medicine temporarily slows down the spread of infection throughout the body. The drug is taken orally. It interacts well with other drugs, often used as part of complex therapy.

Application. Tablets (suspension prepared from powder) are recommended to drink from the first symptoms of infection – no later than 48 hours from the initial manifestations, otherwise the use of neuraminidase inhibitors is impractical. The medicine is taken for 5 days, 2 times a day.

Contraindications:

● individual intolerance to any components of the dosage form;

● severe renal and hepatic insufficiency;

● age up to a year.

Side effects. Most often (in 10-12% of cases) patients complain of nausea and vomiting after the first dose of medication. Other adverse reactions (in 1–2.5% of patients) include:

● headaches;

● dizziness;

● weakness;

● insomnia;

● feeling of nasal congestion;

● cough;

● Sore throat.

Hemagglutinin inhibitors

^{4, 5}

In Russia, a group of inhibitors is represented by the long-standing domestic drug umifenovir, which acts against type A and B viruses and a number of other ARVI pathogens. However, a study by Russian and British scientists showed that there is a possibility of mutations leading to the emergence of virus strains resistant to umifenovir. Resistance was due to the inability of umifenovir to bind to mutated hemagglutinin. ⁶ Another drug similar in spectrum is enisamia iodide. This drug is claimed to be highly effective and well tolerated, with no resistant strains.

How it works. The drugs act on the hemagglutinin of the virus, a protein that ensures the fusion of its genetic material with cellular DNA. Hemagglutinin inhibitors block infection already at the initial stage, preventing the penetration of the viral particle into the cell.

In addition to the main one, both drugs have additional effects in the fight against the virus: they stimulate the synthesis of interferons, increase the body’s resistance to infection. These properties are especially pronounced in enisamium iodide. The drug is rapidly absorbed after ingestion and circulates in the blood for a long time (up to 14 hours), preventing the spread of a viral infection throughout the body.

Application. The drugs are used in the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections. Umifenovir is taken orally in the form of capsules, tablets, powder for suspension. The dose and interval, duration of taking the medicine is individually determined by the attending physician. Doctors prescribe enisamia iodide in film-coated tablets, which must be taken orally three times a day for 5-7 days.

A study conducted by the Illinois Institute of Technology, USA in 2018 proved that the administration of enisamium iodide for 4 hours leads to a 100-fold decrease in the concentration of the virus in human bronchial cells. ⁷ This active ingredient in a dosage of 500 mg is included in the preparation Nobasit ^®
Forte. ⁸ Enisamia iodide reduces the risk of complications requiring antibiotics by 4 times and reduces the duration of the disease. ⁹

Contraindications:

● Hypersensitivity to components;

● pregnancy (umifenovir can be used with caution from the second trimester) and breastfeeding;

● age: the use of umifenovir is allowed from the age of 6, enisamia iodide – from the age of 12.

In addition, enisamia iodide is not used for allergic reactions, severe renal and hepatic pathologies.

Side effects. Very rarely (less than one case in a thousand), umifenovir can cause allergies – itching, skin rashes, angioedema, and in severe cases – anaphylactic shock. Other side effects were not noted.

Enisamia iodide is generally well tolerated. In some cases, its reception may be accompanied by the following undesirable phenomena:

● allergic — itching, skin rash, angioedema;

● unpleasant aftertaste, swelling of the oral mucosa, increased salivation;

● gastrointestinal – heartburn, bloating, nausea and vomiting;

● sore throat, shortness of breath.

Interferons

For the treatment of influenza (including “bird”) and other viral respiratory infections, interferon preparations are sometimes used: human leukocyte (mixtures of alpha subtypes) and recombinant (obtained using bacteria) – alpha-2b and gamma.

How it works. Interferon alfa-2b has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. In intact cells (not infected with a virus), it prevents the virus from entering the cell, and in infected cells, interferon alfa-2b triggers a system of programmed cell death – apoptosis, as a result of which the virus dies along with the cell. The drug also increases the activity of the immune system, enhances phagocytosis and the cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes – protection aimed at eliminating infected cells. Interferon gamma is a powerful immunomodulator. Its main action is the activation of cells responsible for the formation of specific immunity to a primary viral infection and suppression of a secondary bacterial one.

Application. Both types of interferon are used for influenza and SARS in the form of nasal drops. The drug is dripped 2-3 drops 5-6 times a day. Treatment is started as early as possible – before the expiration of three days from the onset of symptoms, otherwise the application will have a preventive effect. Interferon-gamma is also used during the recovery period – within a week.

Interferon gamma is not used for hypersensitivity to the drug, pregnancy and under the age of seven years.

Interferon inductors

The list of interferon inducers recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the treatment of ARVI includes meglumine acridone acetate, tilorone, riamilovir, pentanedioic acid imidazolylethanamide, etc.

How it works. All drugs have a similar effect – they contribute to the production of their own interferons of various types, which act universally against many types of viruses.

Application. Preparations are used for ARVI for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The dosage regimen is set by the doctor individually for each patient. Common contraindications for most interferon inducers:

● pregnancy;

● breastfeeding;

● individual intolerance.

● Children’s age (restrictions vary depending on the active substance).

Side effects. The most common adverse effect is the occurrence of an allergic reaction.

Which antiviral drugs are best for treating SARS

As for SARS and influenza, the table will help to evaluate the effectiveness of antiviral drugs in their therapy from the point of view of evidence-based medicine. On the right are the metrics:

● Recommendation Strength Level (CRR) from A (most compelling) to C.

● Confidence level of evidence (LE) of the recommendations provided, where 5 is the highest score.

Table 1. Recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on the use of antiviral agents of different classes in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. ^{10, 11}

Low scores do not always mean a weak effectiveness of the drug – it is possible that not all the necessary studies have been carried out with it.

Antivirals for prophylaxis

Many of the drugs listed above are also effective in preventing acute respiratory viral infections – emergency prevention (after contact with the patient) and seasonal. Prophylactic medication during an outbreak is especially necessary for people with reduced immunity – the elderly, suffering from chronic diseases. If taking antiviral drugs does not help prevent the disease, it can make it easier. It is worth remembering that the use of anti-influenza drugs for the purpose of prevention in terms of effectiveness does not replace vaccination.

Effectiveness of antivirals: truth and myths

^8.9

Many are skeptical about antiviral drugs. Unlike most bacteria, viruses cannot be killed without harming living tissue. The fact is that they are introduced into cells and become part of the body. But specific antiviral drugs can neutralize them – deprive them of the ability to multiply and infect healthy cells.

The skepticism is partly due to the dishonesty of some manufacturers who do not pay attention to clinical trials. Therefore, when choosing drugs, you should pay attention to the classifier of the World Health Organization (WHO). Here are collected drugs from all over the world that have passed the necessary studies and confirmed their effectiveness in terms of evidence-based medicine. More than a hundred drugs are included in the rubric of drugs with direct antiviral action.

The most numerous groups are drugs against HIV, herpesviruses of various types, hepatitis C. They contain 2-3 dozen items each. Thanks to them, potentially fatal hepatitis C has moved into the category of curable diseases – antiviral therapy contributes to the complete elimination of the virus from the body. The fight against HIV infection and hepatitis B is also going well. If the patient is constantly taking medication, the virus does not cause the development of the disease and damage to other organs and tissues, although it remains in the body.

SARS are not so life-threatening, but more contagious: the average inhabitant of our planet suffers from acute respiratory viral infections three times a year. With such an incidence, everyone is likely to get seriously ill and get complications. No one is immune from the unexpected and unpleasant consequences of a cold. Chronic otitis, sinusitis, bronchial asthma – this is an incomplete list of complications. Anti-ARVI drugs do not heal instantly, but they help to endure the disease more easily and recover without consequences.

The WHO list of specific antiviral agents includes remedies for certain viral respiratory infections (flu, COVID-19) and against all ARVI pathogens. Generic medicines are convenient to use – you do not need to do a PCR test to accurately determine the type of infection.

One of the drugs in the classifier is enisamia iodide. It is available to everyone, since it is produced in Russia. A drug based on it has proven itself well in trials conducted in Russia and the United States.

Briefly about the main

➢ Antiviral drugs are medicines that directly or indirectly affect the virus.

➢ The most effective drugs with direct antiviral action – they directly affect the virus, its activity, but do not exist for all infections.

➢ Non-specific antiviral agents – interferons and their inducers – help the immune system defeat the virus and can be used in the treatment of a number of different infections.

➢ Reception of some antiviral drugs can prevent the disease (or alleviate its course).

¹ Shestakova I.V. Antiviral drugs // Journal for continuing medical education of doctors – https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/protivovirusnye-preparaty/pdf

² Hathohu M.G. Antiviral drugs: textbook // Maikop State Technological University – 2014 – https://mkgtu.ru/sveden/files/Farmakologiya._Uchebno-metodicheskoe_posobie._Protivovirusnye_sredstva…

³ https://mkgtu. ru/sveden/files/Farmakologiya._Uchebno-metodicheskoe_posobie._Protivovirusnye_sredstva….

⁴ Leneva I.A., Pshenichnaya N.Yu., Bulgakova V.A. Umifenovir and coronavirus infections: a review of research results and experience in clinical practice. ..

⁵ Possibilities of etiotropic therapy in reducing the risks of developing a severe or complicated course of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza / Paevskaya E.A. ^{and other authors}

⁶ Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in adults: clinical guidelines – https://apicr.minzdrav.gov.ru/api.ashx?op=GetClinrecPdf&id=724_1

⁷ Influenza in adults: clinical guidelines – https://www.rnmot.ru/public/uploads/RNMOT/clinical/2021/%D0%9A%D0%A0%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B…

⁸ https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J05AX17

⁹ Evaluation of the effectiveness of the ARVI treatment regimen, including etiotropic (enisamia iodide) and symptomatic therapy / Lioznov D. A. (and other authors) // Therapeutic archive – No. 3, 2020 – https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-effektivnosti-shemy-lecheniya-orvi-vklyuchayuschey-etiotro…

About the product
Download instructions

Unexpected side effects of common drugs

Some popular drugs can cause strange, unexpected side effects such as color blindness, déjà vu or even gambling.

Even the best-studied, widely prescribed drugs can have unwanted side effects such as upset stomach, drowsiness and fatigue. This is the price we pay for solving more serious medical problems. Some medicines, however, can cause unexpected and unusual side effects that are very different from those listed in the instructions. Some popular drugs can cause strange, unexpected reactions, such as color blindness, déjà vu, or even gambling. Although these unexpected side effects are generally rare and not life-threatening, they should be kept in mind by both the pharmacist and the patient.

1. Drug: sildenafil (Viagra). Unexpected Side Effect: Colorblindness

This drug is so famous that many have learned by heart the most common side effects of this popular erectile dysfunction drug. What most users don’t know is that, in rare cases, this can also lead to a subtype of color blindness, which is difficulty distinguishing between blue and green. This side effect in most cases is temporary, although there have been isolated reports that taking sildenafil caused short-term or long-term loss of vision.

This sudden side effect is believed to be due to an interruption in the blood supply to the optic nerve. If it develops, medical experts recommend solving the problem of erectile dysfunction with other drugs, for example, a course of testosterone replacement therapy, which is considered ideal in terms of a long-term solution.

2. Preparation: dapsone. Unexpected side effect: symptoms similar to carbon monoxide poisoning

A broad spectrum antibiotic often prescribed to prevent infections in people with weak immune systems, including those with HIV or leprosy (leprosy) and other skin conditions. At the same time, according to statistics, from 1 to 5 percent of those taking this drug complain of a disorder known as acquired methemoglobinemia. It includes symptoms such as difficulty breathing, cyanosis (gray or blue skin), abnormal heart rhythms, chest pain, and weakness—i.e. typical manifestations of carbon monoxide poisoning. There is a huge difference between these two conditions – acquired methemoglobinemia is not life-threatening, like real carbon monoxide intoxication. As for the undesirable effect of dapsone, it is explained by the effect on hemoglobin in red blood cells. In most cases of acquired methemoglobinemia, no action needs to be taken other than stopping the drug and replacing it with an alternative antibiotic.

3. Drug: lorazepam. Unexpected side effect: déjà vu

The side effect of lorazepam is not quite like the “classic” deja vu – it’s not like you’ve done something before or been somewhere before, but more like a feeling of nostalgia for a seemingly familiar phenomenon or event .

Just under 5% of people who take this anti-anxiety medication, as well as some other drugs of the benzodiazepine class such as alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, and even the well-known diazepam, are reported to experience this strange side effect that has yet to be explained . It is only known that taking benzodiazepines in combination with drugs that affect the production of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, can increase the risk of its occurrence or increase déjà vu.

Notably, the same side effect has also been rarely associated with the antiviral drug amantadine.

In the event of adverse events, experts recommend switching to another class of sedative drugs, including consideration of natural alternatives such as valerian root, passionflower, hops, etc.

4. Drugs: ropinirole and pramipexole. Unexpected Side Effect: Gambling

Pramipexole and ropinirole are prescribed to reduce the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, as well as restless leg syndrome or leg cramps. They have a therapeutic effect by activating dopamine receptors in people with motor neurotransmitter deficiencies, affecting both motor function and mood. For about 5-10% of patients (mostly young men), increased dopamine synthesis can stimulate unexpected and unwanted reactions, including an obsessive desire to gamble.

5. OTC drugs: analgesics for headaches

Unexpected side effects also occur with “harmless” over-the-counter drugs. Statistics show that more than 80% of the adult population take over-the-counter drugs (eg ibuprofen, paracetamol and many other NSAIDs) at least once a month. It’s easy to see why: they’re easy to use, effective, and affordable, so it’s no surprise that many patients turn to over-the-counter (OTC) medications when they’re plagued by a cold or headache. However, some of them – even the most studied ones – can surprise in the form of an unexpected side effect.

For example, pain relievers of the NSAID class are not harmless. Overuse/uncontrolled use of pain medication can actually have the opposite effect of causing or worsening headaches.