What are the most frequently prescribed antibiotics. How do different types of antibiotics work. Which infections do various antibiotics treat. What are the potential side effects and drug interactions of common antibiotics.

Understanding the Basics of Antibiotics

Antibiotics are a crucial class of medications used to combat bacterial infections. They operate through various mechanisms, such as attacking bacterial cell walls or inhibiting protein production, effectively killing bacteria or preventing their reproduction and spread. These drugs come in multiple forms, including oral (liquid, tablet, capsule), topical (creams, sprays, ointments), and injectable or intravenous for severe infections.

Healthcare professionals prescribe antibiotics for moderate to severe infections that haven’t responded to other treatments. It’s important to note that antibiotics are ineffective against viral illnesses like colds, flu, or mononucleosis. The choice of antibiotic depends on the specific bacteria causing the infection, often determined through lab culture tests.

Penicillins: The Pioneer Antibiotic Class

Penicillins, one of the oldest and most widely used antibiotic classes, are effective against a variety of bacterial infections. They are particularly potent in treating Staphylococci and Streptococci infections.

Common Penicillin Antibiotics

• Phenoxymethylpenicillin
• Dicloxacillin
• Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid
• Ampicillin
• Nafcillin
• Oxacillin
• Penicillin V
• Penicillin G

Penicillins are often prescribed for skin conditions, middle ear infections, kidney infections, and blood infections. However, due to overuse, some bacteria have developed resistance to penicillin.

Potential Side Effects and Interactions

While generally well-tolerated, penicillins can cause side effects such as nausea, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, headache, yeast infections, and in rare cases, liver disease. Allergic reactions, ranging from rashes and hives to severe breathing difficulties, can occur in some individuals.

Penicillins may interact with certain medications, including oral contraceptives and anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin and probenecid. Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications you’re taking before starting a penicillin course.

Cephalosporins: A Broad-Spectrum Alternative

Cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antibiotics often prescribed as an alternative for people allergic to penicillin. They are effective against a wide range of bacterial infections.

Common Cephalosporin Antibiotics

• Cefaclor
• Cefazolin
• Cefadroxil
• Cephalexin
• Cefuroxime
• Cefixime
• Cefoxitin
• Ceftriaxone

Cephalosporins are frequently used to treat conditions such as gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, sinusitis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), epididymo-orchitis, and cellulitis. Their broad-spectrum activity makes them valuable in treating various bacterial infections.

Tetracyclines: Dual-Action Antibiotics

Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics known for their dual antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. This unique combination makes them effective in treating both bacterial infections and inflammatory conditions.

Common Tetracycline Antibiotics

• Doxycycline
• Minocycline
• Sarecycline

Tetracyclines are commonly prescribed for chest infections, urethral infections, pelvic infections, and inflammatory skin conditions such as acne, rosacea, and perioral dermatitis. Their versatility makes them a popular choice among healthcare providers.

Precautions and Side Effects

Tetracyclines are contraindicated for children under 12 and pregnant or breastfeeding individuals due to their potential to stain developing teeth. They can also cause esophageal inflammation or irritation. To minimize these risks, it’s recommended to take doxycycline while sitting or standing upright and with plenty of water.

Photosensitivity is a common side effect of doxycycline, increasing the risk of sunburn. It’s advisable to avoid sun exposure while taking this medication. Taking tetracyclines after eating can help prevent gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Minocycline, while less likely to cause photosensitivity, has a higher risk of other adverse effects. These may include drug hypersensitivity syndrome, autoimmune reactions, dizziness, headache, and blue pigmentation of skin and nails with long-term use.

Drug Interactions

Tetracyclines may interact with several medications, including:

• Systemic retinoids (acitretin, isotretinoin, alitretinoin)
• Diuretics
• Lithium
• Anticonvulsants
• Rifampicin
• Colestipol
• Oral contraceptives

It’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you’re taking before starting a tetracycline antibiotic.

Macrolides: Anti-Inflammatory Antibiotics

Macrolides are a group of antibiotics known for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. They are often used to treat bacterial strains resistant to penicillin and are a suitable alternative for individuals with penicillin or cephalosporin allergies.

Common Macrolide Antibiotics

• Erythromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Azithromycin
• Fidaxomicin
• Roxithromycin

Macrolides are effective in treating a variety of infections, including skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory infections, and sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia. They are also used to treat skin conditions such as acne, rosacea, erythrasma, and pityriasis lichenoides.

Drug Interactions and Precautions

Macrolides, particularly erythromycin and clarithromycin, can interact adversely with certain medications. It’s essential to provide your healthcare provider with a complete list of your current medications before starting a macrolide antibiotic.

Fluoroquinolones: Powerful Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics

Fluoroquinolones are a class of powerful broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. They are particularly effective against gram-negative bacteria and are often reserved for more serious infections or when other antibiotics have failed.

Common Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics

• Ciprofloxacin
• Levofloxacin
• Moxifloxacin
• Ofloxacin

Fluoroquinolones are used to treat various infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and some types of skin infections. They are also effective against certain sexually transmitted infections and some forms of tuberculosis.

Side Effects and Precautions

While effective, fluoroquinolones can cause serious side effects in some individuals. These may include tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects. Due to these potential risks, fluoroquinolones are typically not used as first-line treatments unless necessary.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued several warnings about the use of fluoroquinolones, advising that their use should be restricted for certain uncomplicated infections when other treatment options are available.

Aminoglycosides: Powerful Antibiotics for Severe Infections

Aminoglycosides are a class of potent antibiotics primarily used to treat severe infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. They are often used in hospital settings for serious infections that haven’t responded to other antibiotics.

Common Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

• Gentamicin
• Tobramycin
• Amikacin
• Streptomycin

Aminoglycosides are effective against a variety of bacterial infections, including septicemia, complicated urinary tract infections, and respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis patients. They are also used in combination with other antibiotics to treat certain types of endocarditis.

Administration and Monitoring

Due to their potential for serious side effects, aminoglycosides are typically administered in a controlled setting, often through intravenous or intramuscular injection. Close monitoring of drug levels in the blood and kidney function is essential during treatment.

The most significant concerns with aminoglycoside use are their potential for kidney damage (nephrotoxicity) and hearing loss (ototoxicity). These risks necessitate careful dosing and regular monitoring throughout the course of treatment.

Sulfonamides: The First Synthetic Antibiotics

Sulfonamides, also known as sulfa drugs, were among the first synthetic antibiotics developed. While their use has decreased due to the development of newer antibiotics and increasing bacterial resistance, they still play a role in treating certain infections.

Common Sulfonamide Antibiotics

• Sulfamethoxazole (often combined with trimethoprim as co-trimoxazole)
• Sulfadiazine
• Sulfisoxazole

Sulfonamides are used to treat various infections, including urinary tract infections, ear infections, bronchitis, and certain types of pneumonia. They are also effective against some protozoan infections.

Precautions and Side Effects

Sulfonamides can cause a range of side effects, including skin rashes, photosensitivity, and in rare cases, more serious reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome. They are contraindicated in individuals with a known sulfa allergy.

These antibiotics may interact with various medications, including blood thinners, diabetes medications, and certain diuretics. Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications you’re taking before starting a sulfonamide antibiotic.

Proper Use and Antibiotic Resistance

The effectiveness of antibiotics is threatened by the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. This occurs when bacteria evolve to become less susceptible to antibiotics, making infections harder to treat.

Guidelines for Proper Antibiotic Use

1. Only take antibiotics when prescribed by a healthcare professional.
2. Complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if you start feeling better.
3. Never share antibiotics with others or use leftover antibiotics from previous treatments.
4. Practice good hygiene to prevent the spread of infections.
5. Get vaccinated to reduce the need for antibiotics.

Healthcare providers play a crucial role in combating antibiotic resistance by prescribing antibiotics judiciously and educating patients about their proper use.

The Future of Antibiotics

As antibiotic resistance continues to pose challenges, researchers are exploring new strategies to combat bacterial infections. These include the development of new antibiotic classes, combination therapies, and alternative approaches like bacteriophage therapy and immunomodulatory agents.

Understanding the different types of antibiotics, their uses, and potential side effects is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients. By using antibiotics responsibly and following medical advice, we can help preserve the effectiveness of these life-saving drugs for future generations.

What Are the Most Common Antibiotics?

Antibiotics are a common, important group of medicines that treat bacterial infections. Some antibiotics attack or break down the cell walls of bacteria, while others inhibit their protein production. This kills the bacteria or keeps it from reproducing and spreading.

Oral antibiotics are available in liquid, tablet, and capsule form. Topical antibiotics include skin creams, sprays, and ointments. Eye ointments, eye drops, and ear drops are also available. Severe infections may require injected or intravenous antibiotics.

Healthcare professionals prescribe different antibiotics to treat conditions such as strep throat, bronchitis, and inner ear infections. In this case, these infections are moderate to severe and have not improved with other treatments.

Antibiotics do not treat viral illnesses, such as a cold, the flu, or mono.

These drugs are grouped according to their antibacterial activity and chemical structure. Specific antibiotics fight certain bacteria, which makes it important to take the right kind. A healthcare professional may ask for a lab culture test to determine which antibiotics you need.

Read on to learn more about the most common types of antibiotics and which infections they treat. We also explore the common side effects of antibiotics, which can include gastrointestinal problems like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as more serious effects.

Here are some types of antibiotics that doctors prescribe most often.

Penicillins

Penicillins are a common treatment for a variety of skin conditions. They also treat middle ear, kidney, and blood infections. Penicillin antibiotics are effective at killing Staphylococci and Streptococci infections. But some bacteria are resistant to penicillin, due to overuse.

Common penicillin antibiotics include:

• phenoxymethylpenicillin
• dicloxacillin
• amoxicillin with clavulanic acid
• ampicillin
• nafcillin
• oxacillin
• penicillin V
• penicillin G

Potential side effects include:

• nausea
• abdominal discomfort
• diarrhea
• headache
• yeast infection
• liver disease

Penicillin may cause allergic reactions, such as rashes, hives, and breathing difficulties.

Some medications that may interact with penicillin include oral contraceptives and the anti-inflammatories aspirin and probenecid.

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins often treat gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, and sinusitis. They also treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), epididymo-orchitis, and cellulitis. Often, doctors prescribe cephalosporins to people who are allergic to penicillin.

Common cephalosporin antibiotics include:

• cefaclor
• cefazolin
• cefadroxil
• cephalexin
• cefuroxime
• cefixime
• cefoxitin
• ceftriaxone

Tetracyclines

Tetracyclines are a group of antibiotics with anti-inflammatory properties that can treat several bacterial infections. They commonly treat chest, urethral, and pelvic infections. Tetracyclines also treat inflammatory skin conditions, such as acne, rosacea, and perioral dermatitis.

Common tetracycline antibiotics include:

• doxycycline
• minocycline
• sarecycline

Children under 12 and pregnant or breastfeeding people should not take tetracyclines because they have the potential to stain developing teeth.

They can also cause inflammation or irritation of the esophagus. To prevent this, make sure to take doxycycline while sitting or standing upright, and have plenty of water. Also, it’s a good idea to avoid sun exposure, since doxycycline causes photosensitivity, which can lead to sunburn.

Finally, it’s best to take this type of antibiotic after eating to prevent nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Minocycline has more potential side effects than doxycycline, though it’s less likely to cause photosensitivity. Possible adverse effects of minocycline include drug hypersensitivity syndrome, autoimmune reactions, and dizziness and headache. Also, using it for a long period may cause blue pigmentation of skin and nails.

Medications that may interact with tetracyclines include:

• systemic retinoids, such as acitretin, isotretinoin, and alitretinoin
• diuretics
• lithium
• anticonvulsants
• rifampicin
• celestipol
• oral contraceptives

Macrolides

Macrolides are an antibiotic group with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. They can treat strains of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin. They are also a suitable option for people who are allergic to penicillin or cephalosporin.

These antibiotics commonly treat skin, soft tissue, respiratory, and sexually transmitted infections, including chlamydia. Healthcare professionals use them, for example, to treat skin conditions like acne, rosacea, erythrasma, and pityriasis lichenoides.

Types of macrolides include:

• erythromycin
• clarithromycin
• azithromycin
• fidaxomicin
• roxithromycin

Macrolides, especially erythromycin and clarithromycin, can adversely interact with certain medications. Reactions and toxicity are more common in older adults and people with renal or liver dysfunction.

Medications that may interact with macrolides include:

• calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil
• amiodarone
• methadone
• lithium
• amitriptyline
• citalopram
• anticoagulants, including warfarin and dabigatran
• digoxin
• benzodiazepines
• carbamazepine
• cimetidine
• clozapine
• colchicine
• theophylline

Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones, also called quinolones, can fight bacterial infections that are life threatening or challenging to treat. However, they are linked with antimicrobial resistance, so you shouldn’t take them unless it’s absolutely necessary.

Fluoroquinolones are the first-line treatment for prostatitis, along with severe cases of salmonellosis and shigellosis. Doctors also often use them to treat certain cases of epididymo-orchitis, gonorrhea, and tuberculosis. Sometimes, fluoroquinolones treat urinary, eye, and ear infections.

Types of fluoroquinolone include:

• ciprofloxacin
• ofloxacin
• levofloxacin
• moxifloxacin

For people with renal dysfunction, taking this type of drug may require adjustments to dosages of other medications. And, rarely, fluoroquinolone can cause serious adverse effects, especially in older adults.

Potential side effects include:

• tendon rupture
• aortic aneurysm rupture or dissection
• aortic and mitral regurgitation
• central nervous system excitation and seizures
• QT prolongation
• other cardiac conditions

Sulfonamides

Sulfonamides, also called sulfa drugs, are a type of synthetic antimicrobial that doctors prescribe when first-line treatments are ineffective or contraindicated. The most common type is sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, called co-trimoxazole. It treats conditions such as pneumocystis pneumonia and nocardiosis in people with weakened immunity, as well as infections of the lower urinary tract in children.

Types of sulfonamides include:

• sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim
• sulfasalazine
• sulfacetamide
• sulfadiazine silver

Sulfonamides are unsafe during pregnancy because they increase the likelihood of pregnancy loss.

Potential side effects include:

• jaundice in newborns
• candidiasis
• folate deficiency
• headaches
• anorexia
• hyperkalaemia

Medications that may interact with sulfonamides include:

• warfarin
• sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents
• phenytoin
• methotrexate

Glycopeptides

Glycopeptide antibiotics treat drug-resistant bacteria and gram-positive infections, including multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, better known as MRSA.

Types of glycopeptides include:

• vancomycin
• dalbavancin
• oritavancin
• telavancin

Below, find answers to common questions about antibiotics.

What is antibiotic resistance?

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria survive or resist antibiotic treatment. Bacteria change and mutate to protect themselves after coming into contact with an antibiotic or other bacteria. Once a type of bacteria is resistant, it passes these genes to other bacteria, which continue to grow. Eventually, they create a new strain of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Misusing and overusing antibiotics increases the likelihood of antibiotic resistance. Over time, this may lead to a shortage of medications that can effectively treat common infections.

How can I prevent antibiotic resistance?

To prevent antibiotic resistance, avoid taking antibiotics unless it is essential. Don’t take them for viral infections, such as a cold or the flu. Always follow the instructions from your healthcare professional about how much to take when. To prevent infections, clean your hands and living spaces regularly, and take steps to strengthen your immune system.

Are there any natural antibiotics?

Natural antibiotics include honey, thyme essential oil, and oregano essential oil. Extracts of garlic, cranberry, and myrrh also have antibiotic properties. Several herbs are effective antibiotics, including echinacea, turmeric, and ginger.

Natural UTI treatments include D-mannose and uva ursi, along with green, parsley, mint, and chamomile teas.

You can experiment with different combinations of natural treatments to find out which are most effective for your needs.

Antibiotics kill bacteria and prevent them from multiplying. They are valuable drugs that treat bacterial infections. It’s crucial to use them correctly and follow the healthcare professional’s instructions carefully.

It’s also important to be aware of the potential side effects and interactions of antibiotics. Speak with your doctor if you have any related concerns.

Antibiotics – Tests & treatments

Antibiotics are used to treat or prevent some types of bacterial infection. They kill bacteria or prevent them from reproducing and spreading.

Antibiotics aren’t effective against viral infections. This includes the common cold, flu, most coughs and sore throats.

Antibiotics aren’t routinely prescribed for mild bacterial infections. This is because the immune system can usually clear these on it’s own.

When are antibiotics used?

Antibiotics may be used to treat bacterial infections that:

• are unlikely to clear up without antibiotics
• could infect others unless treated
• could take too long to clear without treatment
• carry a risk of more serious complications

Antibiotics to prevent infection

Antibiotics are sometimes given as a precaution to prevent an infection. This is known as antibiotic prophylaxis.

Surgery

Antibiotic prophylaxis is normally recommended if you’re having surgery in a certain area. This is because there could be a higher risk of infection.

Your surgical team will be able to tell you if you need antibiotic prophylaxis.

People vulnerable to infection

Antibiotics may be recommended for people who are more vulnerable to infection. This includes:

• people aged over 75 years
• babies less than 72 hours old with a confirmed bacterial infection
• babies with a high risk of developing a bacterial infection
• people with heart failure
• people who have to take insulin to control their diabetes
• people with a weakened immune system

Bites or wounds

Antibiotic prophylaxis may be recommended for a wound that has a high chance of becoming infected. This could be an animal or human bite, for example, or a wound that has come into contact with soil or faeces.

Medical conditions

There are several medical conditions that make people particularly vulnerable to infection. This makes antibiotic prophylaxis necessary.

The spleen plays an important role in filtering out harmful bacteria from the blood. If your spleen doesn’t work properly, this means antibiotics can help prevent infection.

People more vulnerable to infection include those:

• who’ve had their spleen removed
• having chemotherapy for cancer
• with the blood disorder sickle cell anaemia

Recurring infection

Antibiotic prophylaxis may also be recommended for a recurring infection, like:

• cellulitis
• a urinary tract infection
• genital herpes
• rheumatic fever

Types of antibiotics

There are many different types of antibiotic. Most can be put into 6 different groups.

Penicillins

These are widely used to treat a variety of infections, including:

• skin infections
• chest infections
• urinary tract infections

Cephalosporins

These can be used to treat a wide range of infections. Some are also effective for treating more serious infections, like:

• septicaemia
• meningitis

Aminoglycosides

These are usually used in hospital to treat very serious illnesses like septicaemia. This is because they can cause serious side effects like hearing loss and kidney damage.

Aminoglycosides are usually given by injection. They may also be given as drops for some ear or eye infections.

Tetracyclines

These can be used to treat a wide range of infections. They are commonly used to treat moderate to severe acne and rosacea.

Macrolides

These can be particularly useful for treating lung and chest infections.

Macrolides are used as an alternative for people with a penicillin allergy. They can also be used to treat penicillin-resistant strains of bacteria

Fluoroquinolones

These are broad-spectrum antibiotics that can be used to treat a wide range of infections.

What are antibiotics? – article on the website Aptechestvo, Nizhny Novgorod

Antibiotics are a group of drugs that are used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Bacteria are living microorganisms that, having penetrated into the human body, begin active life and reproduction. The effect of antibiotic therapy is the direct destruction of the pathogen, as well as slowing down the reproduction of pathogens. In connection with these antibacterial drugs are divided into 2 large groups: bactericidal – destroying the bacterium itself, as well as bacteriostatic, inhibiting their growth. In addition, antibiotics have a narrow and broad spectrum of action. Narrow-spectrum drugs destroy the infection selectively, while broad-spectrum drugs destroy most of the microorganisms, including those that benefit humans. What antibiotics to take for the treatment of various diseases should be decided by the doctor after the diagnosis. Taking such drugs at your own discretion is fraught with complications.

Fluoroquinolones

They suppress the activity of enzymes involved in the formation of bacterial DNA, as a result of which the infection dies. The drugs are available in the form of tablets, injections, ophthalmic drops. Indications for appointment:

This group of drugs:

• Ciprofloxacin;

• Ofloxacin;

• Pefloxacin;

• Norfloxacin.

Aminoglycosides

Broad-spectrum agents that kill most types of Gram-negative aerobic and facultative bacteria. The active substance disrupts the process of protein synthesis, as a result of which the pathogen is destroyed and dies.

Aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed when taken orally, so, as a rule, they are prescribed in the form of intravenous or intramuscular injections. Members of this group:

• Amikacin;

• Gentamicin;

• Kanamycin;

• Neomycin;

• Plazomycin;

• Streptomycin.

As a rule, these drugs are used in combination with other antibiotics to treat such infectious diseases:

Tetracyclines

Bacteriostatic antibiotics that retard the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, but do not completely destroy them. As a result, the reproduction of the infection stops, and it gradually dies.

Tetracyclines have a wide spectrum of activity, with pronounced activity against aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Tetracyclines are not prescribed for children under 8 years of age, since long-term use causes a number of serious complications.

The drugs of this group can be prescribed in tablet forms and in the form of injections. For the treatment of ophthalmic infections, ointments are produced, the active substance of which is tetracycline.

Medicines:

• doxycycline;

• minocycline;

• Tetracycline;

• Oxytetracycline.

Diseases for which tetracyclines are prescribed:

Macrolides

They suppress vital activity and prevent the reproduction of anaerobic and aerobic gram-positive bacteria. Preparations of this group are used in the treatment of bronchopulmonary infections, tonsillitis, otitis, scarlet fever, intestinal infections. Medicines that are included in this group:

• Erythromycin;

• Azithromycin;

• Clarithromycin;

• Spiramycin.

Penicilli

A group of antibiotics produced by the fungus Penicillium. Penicilli are active against most Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. This group of drugs:

• Amoxicillin;

• Augumetin;

• Amoxiclav;

• Flemoxin Slutab.

Cephalosporins

These are bactericidal beta-beta-lactam antibiotics that interfere with cell protein synthesis. There are 5 generations of cephalosporins. The active substance penetrates well into most body fluids, having a pronounced bactericidal effect. Cephalosporins are used for uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria. This group of drugs:

• Ceftriaxone;

• Cefodox;

• Cefix;

• Tsepefim.

Bacteria are organisms that do not live long, but in order to restore their population, they multiply rapidly, and, accordingly, quickly mutate, adapting to new living conditions. Microorganisms that survive after taking antibiotics become resistant to them. Their offspring also become immune to a particular drug.

Antibiotic resistance is a common problem of modern man, which causes serious complications. A person who has tried many antibiotics, that is, self-medicated, is at risk for patients with antibiotic resistance. Very often they die before a specialist can pick up a drug that works against a specific pathogen. Therefore, it is important to follow the recommendations of the doctor and take antibacterial agents strictly according to an individual scheme.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics – buy in Ukraine

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Editorial group

Creation date: 06/04/2022
Date updated: 27. 07.2023

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

A variety of bacteria live in the human body, many of which are necessary for normal functioning. Prote, you can also see the ailments that call different pathologies. To fight against bacterial infections, antibiotics are used – preparations of direct action, yakі reshkodzhayut їх reproduction and growth, priming the life of microorganism. More medical benefits are added only to the song type of pathogens, which makes the therapy easier and the need for the necessary medication. For the treatment of ailments, caused by the sickness workers, a broad-spectrum antibiotic is used.

The widest pardon for the use of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of viral diseases. The stench is powerless against viruses, which have a daily clitin structure. In this case, an antibiotic may be used in combination with other drugs, since a viral infection may be aggravated and bacterial infection may be included.

Variety of broad-spectrum antibiotics

Antibacterial drugs in a large assortment are presented in Ukrainian pharmacies. It is smarted by this building to effectively excite various infectious diseases, both in children and in adults. According to the chemical warehouse, broad-spectrum antibiotics are subdivided into 5 main groups, the skin may have its pharmacological activity:

1. Penicillin – ampicillin, bicillin, carbicillin are still available. Qi speech disrupt the synthesis of clitin membranes and pereskodzhayut proper osmosis of clitin, preventing the growth of micro-organisms. Antibiotics of the penicillin series are effective in the treatment of angina, sieve paths, infectious lesions of the bones, scoliosis and soft tissues, pneumonia.
2. Cephalosporins of another generation (ceflaxor, cemafondol, ceflaquin) – drugs of this series are prescribed, as the patient is suspected of intolerance to antibiotics of the penicillin series. They may be similar to them for the treatment of infections of the sechostatic system, ENT organs, gynecology, postoperative infections of the cystic and soft tissues.
3. Tetracyclines (doxycycline, tetracycline) – a speech agent that affects the impaired protein synthesis of bacteria of various species. Tetracyclines are good at coping with acne, infectious ENT diseases, and problems with ICT.
4. Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, streptomycin) – block the production of proteins, which are necessary for the development of pathogenic bacteria. Use them with other antibacterial drugs for treatment of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, infections of the sacs, tuberculosis.
5. Rifamycin (rifampicin) – speech is related to the DNA of pathogenic microorganisms. Rifamycins cause disruption of their synthesis and are especially effective in treating tuberculosis and other diseases that provoke mycobacteria. Also, an antibiotic should be used for the treatment of damage to the dichal system and the sec- ondary organs. To rifampicin, resistance is largely blamed for this, which is due to the presence of rifampicin in combination with other antibacterial drugs.

How to choose the right drug?

First name to buy broad spectrum antibiotics, consult your doctor. Only fahіvets zdatny signs of competently likuvannya and choose the necessary pharmacological form of the drug, yogo dosing that scheme to receive. Call the doctor and recommend a specific name for the drug, or the patient can ask for an antibiotic with a viable fluctuating speech, another trade name. You can find such an analogue in a different way, for example, on the website of MIS Pharmacy 9-1-1 on antibiotics of a wide spectrum for a price to be found in the company-virobnik, dosing and pharmacological authorities of the people. You can order the necessary goods online or with delivery in Ukraine. Sales zdіysnyuєtsya for the prescription of the doctor, he does not rely on the advice of those who know and engage in self-admiration. Uncontrolled intake of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacteria resistance before the preparation and not to give an overbearing effect. It is very important for him to take the dosage of that scheme to the reception, and also not to interrupt the course at the first visible flushes.

Copy of vikoristan literature

• physio-pedia.com;
• Sovereign register of medical supplies of Ukraine;
• betterhealth.vic.gov.au.

FAQ

Why can broad-spectrum antibiotics be combined?

It is important to remember that antibiotics are applied to all types of bacteria, including the corysnus microflora. That is why it is necessary to supplement them with the intake of probiotics, in order to take revenge on the obviousness of the bacterium in a dried-up or shriveled look. In some cases, additional use of antihistamines is required.

How can antibiotics cover a wide spectrum of activities?

The most popular antibiotics in tablets and ampoules (vials) of a wide spectrum can be seen: Azithromycin, Cefuroxime, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Levofloxacin, Cefixime.

Broad spectrum nutrition

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Prices for goods in the category Broad spectrum antibiotics start at 4.90 UAH.

Antibiotics for a wide range of prices in Pharmacy 911

Name	Price
Ceftriaxone-Darnitsa por. d/r-well d/in.fl. 1g №5	UAH 161.00
Azibiot tab. i.v. 500mg №3	UAH 195.10
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