Cost of hiv blood test: How Much Does an HIV Test Cost in 2023?
How Much Does an HIV Test Cost in 2023?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that breaks down certain cells in your immune system. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. It’s important for those at risk to get tested for HIV. The test is available at clinics, hospitals, doctor offices, and Planned Parenthood. The national average cost for an HIV test is $84 and can be up to $200 based on research collected.
Mira offers members a full STD panel which includes HIV for only $99; which you can self-order and skip the doctor visit. For just $45 per month, members also get access to discounted prescriptions, affordable urgent care visits, and other lab tests. Sign up today to get tested.
The Cost of an HIV Test
You can get an HIV test at your doctor’s office, hospitals, urgent care clinics, or health clinics. The cost for an HIV test ranges between free at Planned Parenthood and $200 at Statcare.
| Clinic | Cost |
|---|---|
| CityMD | $200-$600 |
| FastMed | $176 (including office visit) |
| Statcare | $205 |
At-Home HIV Tests
The OraQuick In-Home HIV Test is the only HIV test approved by the FDA that people can test themselves at home or in a private location.
OraQuick was approved in 2012 for sale in stores and online to anyone age 17 and older.
The kit does not require sending a sample to a lab. It tests fluid from the mouth and delivers results in 20 to 40 minutes. The kit costs $45.99 at Walgreens.
How Often You Should Get Tested for HIV
Sexually active gay and bisexual men may want to consider more frequent testing (for example, every 3 to 6 months). If you’re pregnant, talk to your health care provider about getting tested for HIV and other ways to protect you and your child from getting HIV.
Anyone who has been sexually assaulted or has had a high-risk exposure to HIV should consider taking post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and getting an HIV antigen test that can detect infection sooner than standard antibody testing. PEP may prevent HIV infection after possible exposure to HIV if it is started as soon as possible within 3 days after exposure to HIV.
HIV Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Below we go through frequently asked questions regarding HIV.
What is HIV & AIDS?
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV is a virus that breaks down certain cells in your immune system (your body’s defense against diseases that helps you stay healthy). When HIV damages your immune system, it’s easier for you to get very sick and even die from infections that your body could normally fight off.
Once you have HIV, the virus always stays in your body. There’s no cure for HIV, but medicines can be used to stay healthy and reduce the risk of infections. Medications for HIV lowers or even completely diminishes the risk of spreading the virus to other people. Studies show that if HIV treatment is used as directed, it can lower the amount of HIV in a person’s blood so much that it might not even show up on a test — in this case, they can’t transmit HIV through sex.
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How is AIDS different than HIV?
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. They are not the same thing, and a person with HIV does not necessarily have AIDS. HIV is transmitted from person to person. Once infected, over time, HIV will destroy an important kind of cell in a person’s immune system (called CD4 cells or T cells) that helps protect them from infections.
When a person doesn’t have enough CD4 cells, their body cannot off infections the way it normally can. Once the immune system is damaged from HIV, it’s possible to develop AIDS. If you get dangerous infections or have a deficient CD4 cell, you will most likely develop AIDS. AIDS is the most serious stage of HIV, and it would lead to death overtime.
It’s important to get tested and seek treatment- without treatment; it usually takes about 10 years for someone with HIV to develop AIDS. Treatment helps to slow down the damage the virus causes in the body and can help people stay healthy for several decades.
What are the symptoms of HIV & AIDS?
There are three stages of infection of HIV. Each stage has a different set of symptoms individuals may experience:
Stage 1: Acute HIV Infection
This is within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV; about two-thirds of people will have a flu-like illness. This is the body’s natural response to HIV infection.
Flu-like symptoms that can occur may include:
- Fever
- Chills
- Rash
- Night sweats
- Muscle aches
- Sore throat
- Fatigue
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Mouth ulcers
These symptoms can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks. However, it’s possible to not have any symptoms at all during this early stage of HIV.
Stage 2: Clinical Latency
In this stage, the virus multiplies at deficient levels. People in this stage may not feel sick or have any symptoms. This stage is also called chronic HIV infection. If not receiving HIV treatment, it’s possible people can stay in this stage for 10 or 15 years, but it’s possible to move through this stage faster.
If you’re taking HIV medicine every day, exactly as prescribed, as well as getting and keeping an undetectable viral load, individuals can protect their health and protect others by not transmitting the virus.
However, if a viral load is detectable, it’s possible to transmit HIV during this stage, even if you’re not experiencing any symptoms.
Stage 3: AIDS
If a person has HIV and is not on HIV treatment, the virus will eventually weaken their body’s immune system and progress to AIDS. This is the late stage of HIV infection.
Symptoms of AIDS can include:
- Rapid weight loss
- Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
- Extreme and unexplained tiredness
- Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck
- Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
- Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals
- Pneumonia
- Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
- Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders
Please note that each of these symptoms can also be related to other illnesses.
The only way to know for sure if you have HIV is to get tested. If you test HIV-positive, a health care provider will diagnose if your HIV has progressed to stage 3 (AIDS) based on certain medical criteria.
According to Couples & Sex Therapist Dr. Kyle Zrenchik, Ph.D., ACS, LMFT, “AIDS is the final stage of HIV, and many people with HIV do not develop AIDS. For HIV to develop into AIDS, a patient has to meet one of two criteria.
1- They develop something called an Opportunistic Infection, which is an infection people develop when they have a severely compromised and weakened immune system. This includes Salmonella, Thrush, Herpes Simplex 1, and Kaposi’s sarcoma.
2 -The number of their CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood. In comparison, a healthy person without HIV/AIDS has between 500-1600 CD4 Cells/mm3.
Of course, the patient also must have an HIV infection, in addition to one of the two criteria, to meet the definition of having AIDS.
While there is some variability, it takes usually between 10-15 years for a normal healthy person to progress from initial infection of HIV to have full-blown AIDS if they are seeking treatment and have retroviral therapy. If they do not have therapy, AIDS can develop in as short as 8-10 years.”
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Should I get tested for HIV?
“HIV can be detected by a blood antigen test in as little as 18 days after exposure. Thus, if one thinks that they are exposed to HIV, they should be tested within 30 days, but they may have to return to get tested again because it can take up to 45 days for HIV to be detectable after exposure. Testing every 3-6 months for people who are sexually active with multiple partners, and do not use protection, is sufficient unless they have direct knowledge of being exposed to HIV. A yearly test for people that are sexually active and use protection is recommended by the CDC.
If one is in an exclusive, monogamous relationship with someone who is not HIV positive, then testing is likely unnecessary,” says Dr. Zrenchik.
The CDC recommends everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 get tested for HIV at least once. Some people at higher risk should get tested more often.
If your last HIV test result was negative, you should get an HIV test. If you answer “yes” to any of the questions below, you might be a person of higher risk for HIV:
- Are you a man who has had sex with another man?
- Have you had sex, whether anal or vaginal, with an HIV-positive partner?
- Have you had more than one sexual partner?
- Have you shared needles with others?
- Have you exchanged sex for drugs or money?
- Have you been diagnosed with, or sought treatment for, another sexually transmitted disease?
- Have you been diagnosed with or treated for hepatitis or tuberculosis (TB)?
- Have you had sex with someone who could answer “yes” to any of the above questions or someone whose sexual history you don’t know?
What type of HIV tests are there?
There are several different HIV tests:
- A NAT looks for the actual virus in the blood and involves drawing blood from a vein.
This test can do both, determine if a person has HIV or tell how much of the virus is present in the blood (this is known as the HIV viral load test). A NAT can detect HIV sooner than other types of tests; however, this type of test is costly and not routinely used for screening individuals unless they recently had a high-risk exposure or a possible exposure and have early symptoms of HIV infection. - An antigen or antibody test looks for both HIV antibodies and antigens. Antibodies are produced by your immune system when the person is exposed to viruses such as HIV. Antigens are foreign substances that would cause your immune system to activate and fight off the infection. Antigen or antibody tests are recommended for labs and are now common in the United States. This lab test involves drawing blood from a vein. This is also available through rapid testing, and it’s done with a finger prick.
This test can do both, determine if a person has HIV or tell how much of the virus is present in the blood (this is known as the HIV viral load test). A NAT can detect HIV sooner than other types of tests; however, this type of test is costly and not routinely used for screening individuals unless they recently had a high-risk exposure or a possible exposure and have early symptoms of HIV infection.No HIV test can detect HIV immediately after infection. If you think you’ve been exposed to HIV in the last 72 hours, talk to your health care provider about post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) right away.
Where & how do I get tested for HIV?
Under the Affordable Care Act, nobody can be denied health insurance due to a pre-existing condition. Most health insurance plans must cover certain recommended preventive services. This includes HIV testing for everyone between the ages 15 and 65 and for people of other ages at increased risk without additional cost-sharing, such as copays or deductibles.
Whether or not you have insurance, you can likely get an HIV test at the following locations:
- Local health clinic
- Urgent care centers
- Primary care doctor
- Hospitals
If you don’t have insurance, you can become a Mira member and get an STD test (including HIV testing) for just $50- results are private and fast.
There are other options for HIV testing if you don’t have insurance.
- Health clinics or community health centers
- STD or sexual health clinics
- Your local health department
- Family planning clinics
- VA medical centers
- Substance abuse prevention or treatment programs
How can I prevent HIV?
One way to prevent HIV is by using pre-exposure prophylaxis (or PrEP).
PrEP is a daily pill for individuals who do not currently have HIV but are at very high risk of getting HIV to prevent HIV infection. PrEP is one of the best ways to prevent being infected with HIV. Truvada is the prescription medication for PrEP.
PrEP may be a good option for you if:
- You’re in an active and ongoing sexual relationship with a partner living with HIV who does not have an undetectable viral load.
- You’re a gay or bisexual man with multiple sexual partners, and you don’t always use condoms or protection.
- You’re a gay or bisexual man in a sexual relationship but not yet aware of your partner’s HIV status and don’t always use condoms.
- You’re not using condoms with partners of the opposite sex whose HIV status is unknown and who are at high risk of HIV infection (for example, they inject drugs, have multiple partners, or have bisexual male partners)
- You have sex for money or receive gifts for sex.
- You’ve shared injecting equipment or have been in a treatment program for injecting drug use.
Other methods for preventing HIV include:
- Using condoms. Male latex condoms are the most effective way to prevent HIV and STIs when you are having sex.
- Getting tested. Ensure that you and your partner are tested for HIV and other STIs.
- Being monogamous.
- Limiting your number of sexual partners.
Bottom Line
HIV testing is crucial to ensure you do not have HIV. If you are high risk, there are many different ways you can access a test at a low cost. One way is using Mira. For $45 per month, members get access to low-cost lab testing (including an HIV test), affordable urgent care visits, and discounted prescriptions. Sign up today.
HIV Testing Cost without Insurance | Quest
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,Extra tests (click to add to search):
Chlamydia/Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Urogenital
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,RPR (Diagnosis) with Reflex to Titer and Confirmatory Testing
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,Hepatitis B Core Antibody (IgM)
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,Hepatitis B Surface Antibody, Qualitative
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,Hepatitis A IgM Antibody
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,Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (IgG), Type-Specific Antibodies
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,Hepatitis C Antibody with Reflex to HCV, RNA, Quantitative, Real-Time PCR
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HIV 1 DNA, Qual, PCR
Extra components (click to add to search):
Chlamydia trachomatis RNA, TMA, Urogenital,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae RNA, TMA, Urogenital,
RPR (DX) w/Refl Titer and Confirmatory Testing,
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HIV-1 DNA, Qualitative, PCR Lab Test Short Info
HIV-1 DNA, Qualitative, PCR Lab Test procedure CPT Code: 87535
Screening for the next conditions: HIV Infection and AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Travelers’ Diseases
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There you will find the most detailed and full information regarding lab tests. In “common questions” tab you will find answers on the most common questions.
In addition, you can use a special form to ask the question. It is useful, if there is no answer on your question on the web site. A laboratory scientist will answer your question. It is a part of voluntary service provided by the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science.
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Description
Method of determination
Chemiluminescent immunoassay, a combined test aimed at the simultaneous detection of antibodies to HIV 1, 2 and p24 antigen.
Test material
Blood serum
Home visit available
Attention! In case of positive and doubtful reactions, the term for issuing the result can be extended up to 10 working days.
Synonyms: Blood test for HIV1 and 2 antibodies and HIV1 and 2 antigen; HIV-1 p24; HIV-1 antigen, p24 antigen; HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and p24/25 antigen, 4th generation HIV test systems; Simultaneous qualitative determination of HIV p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV antigens types 1 and 2.
Anti-HIV, HIV antibodies, human immunodeficiency virus antibodies; HIV-1 p24, HIV-1 Ag, p24-antigen; HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antibody and Antigen Evaluation; HIV Screening Tests; AIDS Test; AIDS Screen; HIV Serology.
Brief description of the test for Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and Antigen of HIV 1 and 2
Antibodies to HIV may appear from the second week after infection. Their content increases within 2-4 weeks and persists for many years. In 90-95% of those infected, they appear in the first three months after infection, in 5-9% – in the period from three to six months, in 0.5-1% – at a later date. After HIV infection, even before the appearance of antibodies (seroconversion), HIV antigens can be detected in serum or plasma samples. Structural nuclear protein HIV p24, which appears in the blood two weeks after infection, disappears only after two months. The test system of the 4th generation, with which this test is performed, allows, in addition to detecting antibodies to HIV 1 and 2, to detect the HIV p24 antigen.
Thus, the study can be informative even before seroconversion. This approach in the laboratory diagnosis of HIV allows for the earliest detection of infection. The special characteristics of the Invitro test used in the laboratory to detect HIV infection include the high specificity of the study: > 99.5%; 100% sensitivity of the assay to antibodies characteristic of the period of seroconversion, and the sensitivity of the test to the p24 antigen is about 18 pg/ml.
Most people with HIV antibodies may not show clinical signs of the disease (AIDS) for two to ten years or more. The procedure for conducting a laboratory examination for the presence of HIV antigens and antibodies to HIV is strictly regulated by orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and includes the stage of a screening (screening) study using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) methods approved for use, and the stage of a verification (confirming) study by immunoblot in the laboratory of the city AIDS center.
It should be noted that even the best diagnostic ELISA systems do not have 100% specificity, that is, there is some possibility of obtaining non-specific, false positive results associated with the characteristics of the patient’s blood serum. Therefore, a positive screening ELISA result may not be confirmed in a confirmatory test, after which the patient will be given a negative result. If indeterminate results are obtained in a confirmatory study, testing is repeated over time. It is recommended to re-examine after 2-3 weeks.
Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection in children born to HIV-infected mothers has its own characteristics. In their blood up to 18 months from the moment of birth, maternal antibodies to HIV (IgG class) can circulate. The absence of antibodies to HIV in newborns does not mean that the virus has not crossed the placental barrier. Children of HIV-infected mothers are subject to laboratory diagnostic examination within 36 months after birth.
What is the purpose of testing for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen
The test is used to detect HIV, including at the preclinical stage of the disease.
The combined determination of specific antibodies to HIV types 1 and 2 and the HIV p24 antigen in the blood is used as an analysis for the presence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. Timely diagnosis of the infectious process can prevent the spread of the virus in the population and allow you to start specific therapy as soon as possible.
What can affect the result of the test for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen
In rare cases, a false positive result is possible if the patient’s blood contains antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus, rheumatoid factor, HLA major histocompatibility complex, or antibodies after the introduction of the HIV vaccine. No special preparation required. It is recommended to take blood no earlier than 4 hours after the last meal. It is advisable to conduct a test for the detection of antigen and antibodies to HIV no earlier than two weeks after a possible infection, repeating it after three and six weeks in case of a negative result.
Registration of applications for research at Invitro LLC is carried out according to a passport or a document replacing it (migration card, temporary registration at the place of residence, serviceman’s certificate, certificate from the passport office in case of loss of a passport, registration card from a hotel). The submitted document must contain information on temporary or permanent registration in the territory of the Russian Federation and a photograph. In the absence of a passport (a document replacing it), the patient has the right to make an anonymous application for the delivery of biomaterial. With an anonymous examination, the application and the biomaterial sample received from the client are assigned a number known only to the patient and the medical staff who placed the order.
Registration of applications for research by minors (under 18 years of age) is carried out exclusively in the presence of a person who has the authority to represent the interests of the minor.
The representative of a minor is obliged to present a document confirming his authority as a legal representative.
Attention! Research results performed anonymously cannot be submitted for hospitalization, occupational examinations, and are not subject to registration with the IRMS.
Indications for prescribing
In what cases is an analysis for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen carried out:
- swollen lymph nodes in more than two areas;
- leukopenia with lymphopenia;
- night sweats;
- sudden weight loss of unknown etiology;
- diarrhea for more than three weeks of unclear etiology;
- fever of unknown etiology;
- pregnancy planning;
- preoperative preparation, hospitalization;
- detection of the following infections or their combinations: clinically manifested toxoplasmosis, often recurrent herpesvirus infection and shingles, candidiasis of internal organs, repeated neuralgia, pneumonia caused by mycoplasmas, pneumocysts or legionella, recurrent pharyngitis and sinusitis;
- Kaposi’s sarcoma at a young age;
- unprotected sex.
Interpretation of results
Interpretation of test results contains information for the attending physician and is not a diagnosis. The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. An accurate diagnosis is made by the doctor, using both the results of this examination and the necessary information from other sources: history, results of other examinations, etc.
Units: quality test.
Qualitative reporting format: a negative result of a screening test used by the laboratory that simultaneously detects antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and p24 antigen results in a “negative” response. If the result of the screening combined test is positive, the serum sample is sent for further testing to the reference laboratory (see below).
Pay attention! Information on positive HIV antibody results.
Dear patients! In accordance with the regulations in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, we bring to your attention:
- In case of a positive result in a screening diagnostic test that simultaneously detects antibodies to HIV 1, 2 and p24 antigen, the analysis in the laboratory is carried out two more consecutive times (with the same serum sample and the same test system). If two positive results are obtained out of three tests, the serum is considered primary positive and is sent to the reference laboratory for further research (the laboratory of Invitro LLC Moscow is transferred to the AIDS Center, Moscow).
- The client in such situations is informed about the transfer of the sample for additional confirmatory studies to the reference laboratory and the delay in issuing the result.
- A positive or indeterminate result of confirmatory studies conducted at the AIDS Center is issued personally to the examined person or his legal representative, after the necessary explanations (post-test counseling). It is not reported by phone, e-mail, by SMS informing.
If two positive results are obtained out of three tests, the serum is considered primary positive and is sent to the reference laboratory for further research (the laboratory of Invitro LLC Moscow is transferred to the AIDS Center, Moscow).Reasons:
- Sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 3.3686-21 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the prevention of infectious diseases”.
Interpretation of test results for Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and HIV 1 and 2 antigen
Positive
- Probable HIV infection clinical data and laboratory studies).
- False-positive result requiring repeat or additional testing*.
- The study is not informative in children under 18 months of age born to HIV-infected mothers (maternal antibodies may be present in the blood).
* The specificity of the screening test system “Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and antigen of HIV 1 and 2 (HIV Ag/Ab Combo, Abbott)”, according to estimates provided by the reagent manufacturer, is about 99.6% both in the general population and in the group of patients with potential interferences (infections HBV, HCV, Rubella, HAV, EBV, HNLV-I, HTLV-II, E. coli, Chlamydia trachomatis, etc., autoimmune pathologies (including rheumatoid arthritis, presence of antinuclear antibodies), pregnancy, elevated IgG, IgM, monoclonal gammopathy, hemodialysis, multiple blood transfusion).
Negative
- Not infected (provided that the diagnostic timing of the analysis is observed).
- Seronegative variant of the course of infection (antibodies are produced late).
- End-stage AIDS (impaired formation of antibodies to HIV).
- The study is not informative (diagnostic terms are not met). If a negative HIV test result is obtained in individuals who have reported a high risk of HIV infection in the past three months, the HIV test should be repeated after two weeks.
Doubtful
If an indeterminate HIV test result is obtained in individuals at risk of HIV infection in the last three months, the HIV test should be repeated two weeks later.
Registration of applications for research at LLC “Invitro” is carried out according to a passport or a document replacing it (migration card, temporary registration at the place of residence, serviceman’s certificate, certificate from the passport office in case of loss of a passport, registration card from the hotel). The submitted document must contain information on temporary or permanent registration in the territory of the Russian Federation and a photograph.
In the absence of a passport (a document replacing it), the patient has the right to make an anonymous application for the delivery of biomaterial.
During an anonymous examination, the application and the biomaterial sample received from the client are assigned a number known only to the patient and the medical staff who made the order.
Attention! The results of studies performed anonymously cannot be submitted for hospitalization, professional examinations, and are not subject to registration with the ORUIB.
Questions
and answers
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Did the answer help you?
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In this section you can find out how much it costs to complete this study in your city, read the description of the test and the table for interpreting the results. When choosing where to take the analysis “Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and HIV 1 and 2 antigen (HIV Ag/Ab Combo)” in Moscow and other cities of Russia, do not forget that the price of the analysis, the cost of the procedure for taking biomaterial, methods and terms of research in regional medical offices may differ.
Take an HIV test, the price of an AIDS test in St. Petersburg in Invitro
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- INVITRO
- Analyzes
- Diagnosis…
- Viral infections
- Immunodeficiency virus…
- Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and. ..
..- Screening program for office workers
- Household staff screening
- Cardiovascular risk assessment
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) diagnosis
- COVID-19
- Liver function assessment
- Kidney and genitourinary assessment 900 06
- Diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract
- Diagnosis of connective tissue diseases
- Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
- Diagnosis of anemia
- Oncology
- Diagnosis and control of osteoporosis therapy
- Blood biochemistry
- Diagnosis of the state of the thyroid gland
- Hospital profiles
- Healthy, healthy country
- Gynecology, re products
- Healthy child: for children from 0 to 14 years old
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Weight problems
- VIP examinations
- Respiratory diseases
- Allergies
- Determination of micronutrient reserves in the body
- Beauty
- Vitamins
- Diets
- Laboratory tests before dieting
- Sports profiles
- Hormonal tests for men
- De pressure
- Laboratory tests for obtaining medical certificates
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- Glucose and metabolites of carbohydrate metabolism
- Proteins and amino acids
- Bile pigments and acids
- Lipids
- Enzymes
- Markers of kidney function
- Inorganic substances/electrolytes:
- Vitamins
- Proteins involved in iron metabolism 900 06
- Cardiospecific proteins
- Inflammatory markers
- Markers of bone metabolism and osteoporosis
- Drug and psychoactive substance detection
- Biogenic amines
- Specific proteins
- Hormonal studies
- Laboratory assessment of the pituitary-adrenal system
- Laboratory assessment of the somatotropic function of the pituitary gland
- Laboratory assessment of thyroid function
- Assessment of the function of the parathyroid glands 90 006
- Pituitary gonadotropic hormones and prolactin
- Estrogens and progestins
- Androgenic function assessment
- Non-steroidal sex gland regulatory factors
- Pregnancy monitoring, biochemical markers of fetal status
- Laboratory assessment of pancreatic endocrine function and diagnosis of diabetes
- Biogenic amines
- Laboratory assessment of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- Factors involved in the regulation of appetite and fat
- Laboratory assessment of the endocrine function of the gastrointestinal tract
- Laboratory assessment of the hormonal regulation of erythropoiesis
- Laboratory evaluation of pineal gland function
- Healthy lifestyle tests
- Hematological tests
- Clinical blood test
- Immunohematological tests
- Coagulological tests (coagulus
- Immunological studies
- Comprehensive immunological studies
- Lymphocytes, subpopulations
- Phagocytosis assessment
- Immunoglobulins
- Complement components
- Regulators and mediators of immunity
- Interferon status, assessment of sensitivity to immunotherapeutic drugs:
- Allergological studies
- IgE – allergen-specific (allergotests), mixtures, panels, total IgE .
- IgG, allergen-specific
- ImmunoCAP technology
- AlcorBio technology
- ALEX technology
- IgE – allergen-specific (allergotests), mixtures, panels, total IgE .
- Autoimmune disease markers
- Systemic diseases of the connective tissue
- Rheumatoid arthritis, joint damage
- Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Vasculitis and kidney damage
- Autoimmune lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Celiac disease
- Autoimmune liver diseases
- Neurological autoimmune diseases
- Autoimmune endocrinopathies
- Autoimmune skin diseases
- Lung and heart diseases
- Immu present thrombocytopenia
- Tumor markers
- COVID-19
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- Aluminum
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- Rubidium
- Lead
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- Silver
- Strontium
- Antimony
- Thallium
- Phosphorus 9000 6
- Chrome
- Zinc
- Zirconium
- Examination of the structure of the kidney stone
- Urinalysis
- Clinical analysis of urine
- Urinalysis
- Fecal examination
- Fecal examination
- Fecal chemistry
- Semen examination
- Light optical examination of spermatozoa
- Antisperm antibodies
- Diagnosis of infectious diseases
- Viral infections
- Bacterial infections
- Fungal infections
- Parasitic ny infections
- Streptococcal infection
- Cytological studies
- Histological studies
- Oncogenetic studies
- Cytogenetic studies
- Non-invasive prenatal tests 900 06
- Genetic predispositions
- Lifestyle and genetic factors
- Reproductive health
- Immunogenetics
- Rh factor
- Blood coagulation system
- Diseases of the heart and blood vessels
- Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
- Diseases of the central nervous system
- Oncological diseases
- Metabolic disorders
- Description of the results of genetic studies by a geneticist
- Pharmacogenetics 9000 6
- Xenobiotics and carcinogens detoxification system
- Fetal sex determination
- Fetal Rh factor
- Hereditary diseases
- Hereditary metabolic diseases
- Hereditary metabolic diseases
- Additional tests (after screening and consultation with a specialist)
- Determination of biological relationship: paternity and motherhood
- Determination of biological relationship in the family: paternity and motherhood
90 017
- Water and soil quality study
- Water quality study
- Soil quality study
- Diagnosis of liver pathology without biopsy: FibroMax, FibroTest, SteatoScreen
- Calculated tests performed based on the results of SteatoScreen without blood sampling
- Dysbiotic conditions of the intestines and urogenital tract
- 9 0019 General assessment of the natural microflora of the body
- Study of the microbiocenosis of the urogenital tract
- Femoflor: profiles of studies of dysbiotic conditions of the urogenital tract in women
- Specific assessment of the natural microflora of the body
- Biochemical tests
- Test results form in English
- Blood
- Urine
900 19 Cal
- Spermogram
- Gastropanel
- Endoscopy
- Functional diagnostics
- Ultrasound
9 0017
- Research we don’t do
- New tests
- Obtaining results
- Additional research orders
- Medical consultant service
- Professional position
- Venous blood for analysis
- Tumor markers. View of a practical oncologist. Laboratory justifications.
- Testosterone: diagnostic threshold, method-dependent reference values
- Laboratory assessment of lipid parameters in INVITRO
- Lipid profile: fasting or not fasting
View of a practical oncologist. Laboratory justifications.The cost of analyzes is indicated without taking biomaterial
Description
Method of determination
Chemiluminescent immunoassay, a combined test aimed at the simultaneous detection of antibodies to HIV 1, 2 and p24 antigen.
Test material
Blood serum
Attention! In case of positive and doubtful reactions, the term for issuing the result can be extended up to 10 working days.
Synonyms: Blood test for HIV1 and 2 antibodies and HIV1 and 2 antigen; HIV-1 p24; HIV-1 antigen, p24 antigen; HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and p24/25 antigen, 4th generation HIV test systems; Simultaneous qualitative determination of HIV p24 antigen and antibodies to HIV antigens types 1 and 2.
Anti-HIV, HIV antibodies, human immunodeficiency virus antibodies; HIV-1 p24, HIV-1 Ag, p24-antigen; HIV-1 and HIV-2 Antibody and Antigen Evaluation; HIV Screening Tests; AIDS Test; AIDS Screen; HIV Serology.
Brief description of the test for Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and Antigen of HIV 1 and 2
Antibodies to HIV may appear from the second week after infection. Their content increases within 2-4 weeks and persists for many years. In 90-95% of those infected, they appear in the first three months after infection, in 5-9% – in the period from three to six months, in 0.5-1% – at a later date. After HIV infection, even before the appearance of antibodies (seroconversion), HIV antigens can be detected in serum or plasma samples. Structural nuclear protein HIV p24, which appears in the blood two weeks after infection, disappears only after two months. The test system of the 4th generation, with which this test is performed, allows, in addition to detecting antibodies to HIV 1 and 2, to detect the HIV p24 antigen.
Thus, the study can be informative even before seroconversion. This approach in the laboratory diagnosis of HIV allows for the earliest detection of infection. The special characteristics of the Invitro test used in the laboratory to detect HIV infection include the high specificity of the study: > 99.5%; 100% sensitivity of the assay to antibodies characteristic of the period of seroconversion, and the sensitivity of the test to the p24 antigen is about 18 pg/ml.
Most people with HIV antibodies may not show clinical signs of the disease (AIDS) for two to ten years or more. The procedure for conducting a laboratory examination for the presence of HIV antigens and antibodies to HIV is strictly regulated by orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and includes the stage of a screening (screening) study using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) methods approved for use, and the stage of a verification (confirming) study by immunoblot in the laboratory of the city AIDS center.
It should be noted that even the best diagnostic ELISA systems do not have 100% specificity, that is, there is some possibility of obtaining non-specific, false positive results associated with the characteristics of the patient’s blood serum. Therefore, a positive screening ELISA result may not be confirmed in a confirmatory test, after which the patient will be given a negative result. If indeterminate results are obtained in a confirmatory study, testing is repeated over time. It is recommended to re-examine after 2-3 weeks.
Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection in children born to HIV-infected mothers has its own characteristics. In their blood up to 18 months from the moment of birth, maternal antibodies to HIV (IgG class) can circulate. The absence of antibodies to HIV in newborns does not mean that the virus has not crossed the placental barrier. Children of HIV-infected mothers are subject to laboratory diagnostic examination within 36 months after birth.
What is the purpose of testing for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen
The test is used to detect HIV, including at the preclinical stage of the disease.
The combined determination of specific antibodies to HIV types 1 and 2 and the HIV p24 antigen in the blood is used as an analysis for the presence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. Timely diagnosis of the infectious process can prevent the spread of the virus in the population and allow you to start specific therapy as soon as possible.
What can affect the result of the test for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen
In rare cases, a false positive result is possible if the patient’s blood contains antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus, rheumatoid factor, HLA major histocompatibility complex, or antibodies after the introduction of the HIV vaccine. No special preparation required. It is recommended to take blood no earlier than 4 hours after the last meal. It is advisable to conduct a test for the detection of antigen and antibodies to HIV no earlier than two weeks after a possible infection, repeating it after three and six weeks in case of a negative result.
Registration of applications for research at Invitro LLC is carried out according to a passport or a document replacing it (migration card, temporary registration at the place of residence, serviceman’s certificate, certificate from the passport office in case of loss of a passport, registration card from a hotel). The submitted document must contain information on temporary or permanent registration in the territory of the Russian Federation and a photograph. In the absence of a passport (a document replacing it), the patient has the right to make an anonymous application for the delivery of biomaterial. With an anonymous examination, the application and the biomaterial sample received from the client are assigned a number known only to the patient and the medical staff who placed the order.
Registration of applications for research by minors (under 18 years of age) is carried out exclusively in the presence of a person who has the authority to represent the interests of the minor.
The representative of a minor is obliged to present a document confirming his authority as a legal representative.
Attention! Research results performed anonymously cannot be submitted for hospitalization, occupational examinations, and are not subject to registration with the IRMS.
Indications for prescribing
In what cases is an analysis for HIV 1 and 2 antibodies and HIV 1 and 2 antigen carried out:
- swollen lymph nodes in more than two areas;
- leukopenia with lymphopenia;
- night sweats;
- sudden weight loss of unknown etiology;
- diarrhea for more than three weeks of unclear etiology;
- fever of unknown etiology;
- pregnancy planning;
- preoperative preparation, hospitalization;
- detection of the following infections or their combinations: clinically manifested toxoplasmosis, often recurrent herpesvirus infection and shingles, candidiasis of internal organs, repeated neuralgia, pneumonia caused by mycoplasmas, pneumocysts or legionella, recurrent pharyngitis and sinusitis;
- Kaposi’s sarcoma at a young age;
- unprotected sex.
Interpretation of results
Interpretation of test results contains information for the attending physician and is not a diagnosis. The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. An accurate diagnosis is made by the doctor, using both the results of this examination and the necessary information from other sources: history, results of other examinations, etc.
Units: quality test.
Qualitative reporting format: a negative result of a screening test used by the laboratory that simultaneously detects antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and p24 antigen results in a “negative” response. If the result of the screening combined test is positive, the serum sample is sent for further testing to the reference laboratory (see below).
Pay attention! Information on positive HIV antibody results.
Dear patients! In accordance with the regulations in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, we bring to your attention:
- In case of a positive result in a screening diagnostic test that simultaneously detects antibodies to HIV 1, 2 and p24 antigen, the analysis in the laboratory is carried out two more consecutive times (with the same serum sample and the same test system). If two positive results are obtained out of three tests, the serum is considered primary positive and is sent to the reference laboratory for further research (the laboratory of Invitro LLC Moscow is transferred to the AIDS Center, Moscow).
- The client in such situations is informed about the transfer of the sample for additional confirmatory studies to the reference laboratory and the delay in issuing the result.
- A positive or indeterminate result of confirmatory studies conducted at the AIDS Center is issued personally to the examined person or his legal representative, after the necessary explanations (post-test counseling). It is not reported by phone, e-mail, by SMS informing.
If two positive results are obtained out of three tests, the serum is considered primary positive and is sent to the reference laboratory for further research (the laboratory of Invitro LLC Moscow is transferred to the AIDS Center, Moscow).Reasons:
- Sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 3.3686-21 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the prevention of infectious diseases”.
Interpretation of test results for Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and HIV 1 and 2 antigen
Positive
- Probable HIV infection clinical data and laboratory studies).
- False-positive result requiring repeat or additional testing*.
- The study is not informative in children under 18 months of age born to HIV-infected mothers (maternal antibodies may be present in the blood).
* The specificity of the screening test system “Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and antigen of HIV 1 and 2 (HIV Ag/Ab Combo, Abbott)”, according to estimates provided by the reagent manufacturer, is about 99.6% both in the general population and in the group of patients with potential interferences (infections HBV, HCV, Rubella, HAV, EBV, HNLV-I, HTLV-II, E. coli, Chlamydia trachomatis, etc., autoimmune pathologies (including rheumatoid arthritis, presence of antinuclear antibodies), pregnancy, elevated IgG, IgM, monoclonal gammopathy, hemodialysis, multiple blood transfusion).
Negative
- Not infected (provided that the diagnostic timing of the analysis is observed).
- Seronegative variant of the course of infection (antibodies are produced late).
- End-stage AIDS (impaired formation of antibodies to HIV).
- The study is not informative (diagnostic terms are not met). If a negative HIV test result is obtained in individuals who have reported a high risk of HIV infection in the past three months, the HIV test should be repeated after two weeks.
Doubtful
If an indeterminate HIV test result is obtained in individuals at risk of HIV infection in the last three months, the HIV test should be repeated two weeks later.
Registration of applications for research at LLC “Invitro” is carried out according to a passport or a document replacing it (migration card, temporary registration at the place of residence, serviceman’s certificate, certificate from the passport office in case of loss of a passport, registration card from the hotel). The submitted document must contain information on temporary or permanent registration in the territory of the Russian Federation and a photograph.
In the absence of a passport (a document replacing it), the patient has the right to make an anonymous application for the delivery of biomaterial.
During an anonymous examination, the application and the biomaterial sample received from the client are assigned a number known only to the patient and the medical staff who made the order.
Attention! The results of studies performed anonymously cannot be submitted for hospitalization, professional examinations, and are not subject to registration with the ORUIB.
Questions
and answers
{{{this.PREVIEW_TEXT}}}
Did the answer help you?
{{/each}}
In this section you can find out how much it costs to complete this study in your city, read the description of the test and the table for interpreting the results. When choosing where to take the analysis “Antibodies to HIV 1 and 2 and HIV 1 and 2 antigen (HIV Ag / Ab Combo)” in St.