What triggers a persistent cough in the morning. How can you alleviate morning coughing fits. Which underlying conditions contribute to waking up with a cough. When should you seek medical attention for a morning cough.

Understanding the Mechanisms Behind Morning Coughs

Waking up with a cough can be a frustrating and uncomfortable way to start your day. This common occurrence often stems from the body’s natural processes during sleep and can be exacerbated by various health conditions. During the night, mucus and irritants can accumulate in the respiratory system, leading to coughing fits upon waking. But what exactly triggers this morning discomfort?

The respiratory system works tirelessly to clear irritants and maintain healthy function. When we sleep, this process slows down, allowing for the buildup of phlegm and other substances. As we become active in the morning, this accumulated material begins to shift, often triggering the cough reflex. This reflex is the body’s way of clearing the airways and protecting the lungs from potential harm.

Distinguishing Between Wet and Dry Coughs

Coughs can be categorized into two main types: wet (productive) and dry (unproductive). A wet cough produces phlegm, while a dry cough does not. Identifying which type of cough you’re experiencing can provide valuable clues about its underlying cause. For instance, a wet morning cough might indicate the presence of a respiratory infection or allergies, while a dry cough could be a sign of irritation or certain chronic conditions.

The Common Cold: A Frequent Culprit of Morning Coughs

One of the most prevalent causes of morning coughs is the common cold. On average, adults experience two to three colds per year, with children typically encountering even more. The common cold is characterized by a persistent wet cough, often worse in the morning due to overnight phlegm accumulation.

In addition to coughing, cold symptoms may include:

• Sore throat
• Body aches
• Fatigue
• Headaches
• Sneezing
• Runny nose

Effective Treatments for Cold-Induced Morning Coughs

To alleviate a morning cough caused by the common cold, consider the following remedies:

1. Sip warm tea with honey to soothe the throat and reduce coughing
2. Use over-the-counter decongestants or antihistamines to manage symptoms
3. Try cough suppressants or expectorants for temporary relief
4. Utilize a saline nasal spray to clear mucus
5. Inhale warm vapor to loosen congestion

It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before administering any medications, especially to children. They can provide guidance on safe and appropriate treatments based on individual circumstances.

Respiratory Infections: Beyond the Common Cold

While the common cold is a frequent cause of morning coughs, various other respiratory infections can also lead to this symptom. These infections can affect either the upper or lower respiratory tract and may include conditions such as COVID-19, influenza, pneumonia, and bronchitis.

Bronchitis: A Common Respiratory Infection

Bronchitis, an inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs, can be either acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis is often caused by viral infections, similar to the common cold. This condition can increase phlegm production, leading to more pronounced morning coughing fits.

Symptoms of respiratory infections may include:

• Fever
• General malaise
• Wheezing
• Chest tightness
• Nasal congestion
• Gastrointestinal symptoms

Treating Respiratory Infection-Induced Coughs

The approach to treating coughs caused by respiratory infections varies depending on the specific pathogen and whether it affects the upper or lower airways. In many cases, treatments similar to those for the common cold can be effective. Additional measures may include:

• Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for fever and pain relief
• Antiviral therapy for certain viral infections
• Antibiotics for bacterial infections, as prescribed by a healthcare provider

Always consult with a medical professional before starting any new treatment regimen, especially when dealing with potentially serious respiratory infections.

Allergies: A Hidden Trigger for Morning Coughs

Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, is an immune reaction to airborne allergens such as pollen, pet dander, or dust mites. This condition can significantly contribute to morning coughs, particularly for those with sensitivities to common household allergens.

Recognizing Allergy-Related Cough Symptoms

Allergy-induced coughs often present with the following symptoms:

• Runny nose
• Nasal congestion
• Dry cough
• Headaches
• Watery eyes
• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath

Dust mite allergies can be particularly problematic, as these microscopic creatures often inhabit bedding. Consequently, individuals with dust mite sensitivities may experience more severe symptoms at night and upon waking. Similarly, pollen counts tend to peak in the morning, exacerbating coughs for those with pollen allergies.

Effective Allergy Management for Morning Coughs

To address allergy-related morning coughs, consider the following treatments:

1. Antihistamines to reduce allergic reactions
2. Corticosteroids to decrease inflammation
3. Decongestants to relieve nasal congestion
4. Allergen avoidance strategies, such as using hypoallergenic bedding
5. Regular cleaning and dusting to minimize allergen exposure

For persistent or severe allergy symptoms, consulting with an allergist can help develop a comprehensive management plan tailored to your specific triggers and sensitivities.

Postnasal Drip: A Common Contributor to Morning Coughs

Postnasal drip is a condition where excess mucus accumulates in the back of the nose and throat, often leading to a persistent cough. This phenomenon can be triggered by allergies, respiratory infections, or even consuming spicy foods. Understanding postnasal drip is crucial in addressing morning coughs effectively.

Identifying Postnasal Drip Symptoms

Common indicators of postnasal drip include:

• A constant urge to clear the throat
• A wet cough that worsens at night or in the morning
• Nausea
• Sore or scratchy throat
• Bad breath

Postnasal drip tends to cause the most discomfort during sleep, often resulting in a strong urge to clear the throat upon waking. This can contribute significantly to morning coughing fits.

Effective Management of Postnasal Drip

To alleviate postnasal drip and reduce morning coughs, consider these strategies:

1. Use a saline spray or neti pot to rinse the sinuses
2. Try over-the-counter decongestants to reduce mucus production
3. Take antihistamines if allergies are contributing to the condition
4. Stay well-hydrated to help thin mucus secretions
5. Elevate the head while sleeping to prevent mucus accumulation

Implementing these measures can help manage postnasal drip and potentially reduce the frequency and severity of morning coughs.

Asthma: A Chronic Condition Affecting Morning Coughs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and constriction. This condition can significantly impact breathing and often contributes to persistent coughs, especially in the morning. Understanding how asthma affects the respiratory system is crucial for effective management and symptom relief.

Recognizing Asthma Symptoms

Common symptoms of asthma include:

• Dry or wet coughing
• Wheezing
• Difficulty breathing
• Chest tightness
• Fatigue

Asthma severity can vary widely, ranging from mild, occasional symptoms to severe, life-threatening episodes. Many individuals with asthma experience worsened symptoms in the early morning hours, a phenomenon known as “morning dipping.”

Managing Asthma-Related Morning Coughs

To address asthma-induced morning coughs, consider the following approaches:

1. Use prescribed inhalers as directed by your healthcare provider
2. Identify and avoid asthma triggers in your environment
3. Develop and follow an asthma action plan with your doctor
4. Practice proper inhaler technique to ensure effective medication delivery
5. Consider using a peak flow meter to monitor lung function

Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential for managing asthma effectively and adjusting treatment plans as needed. This proactive approach can help reduce the frequency and severity of morning coughs associated with asthma.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): An Unexpected Cause of Morning Coughs

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, commonly known as GERD, is a condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus. While primarily associated with digestive discomfort, GERD can also contribute to persistent coughs, particularly in the morning. Understanding the connection between GERD and respiratory symptoms is crucial for effective management.

Identifying GERD-Related Cough Symptoms

GERD-induced coughs often present with the following characteristics:

• A chronic, dry cough that may worsen at night or in the morning
• Hoarseness, especially upon waking
• A sensation of a lump in the throat (globus sensation)
• Frequent throat clearing
• Occasional regurgitation of stomach contents

The relationship between GERD and morning coughs stems from the potential for stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus during sleep, irritating the throat and triggering the cough reflex upon waking.

Effective Management of GERD-Related Coughs

To address coughs associated with GERD, consider implementing these strategies:

1. Elevate the head of your bed to reduce nighttime reflux
2. Avoid eating close to bedtime
3. Identify and eliminate trigger foods from your diet
4. Use over-the-counter antacids or prescribed medications as directed by your healthcare provider
5. Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter

For persistent GERD symptoms, including chronic coughs, consulting with a gastroenterologist can help develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your specific needs.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Serious Cause of Morning Coughs

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a group of progressive lung diseases that obstruct airflow and make breathing difficult. This condition, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, often leads to persistent coughs, particularly in the morning. Understanding COPD and its impact on respiratory function is essential for managing symptoms effectively.

Recognizing COPD Symptoms

Common indicators of COPD include:

• Chronic cough, often productive with mucus
• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activities
• Wheezing
• Chest tightness
• Frequent respiratory infections
• Fatigue and lack of energy

COPD symptoms often worsen over time, and many individuals experience more severe coughing in the morning due to mucus accumulation overnight. This morning cough is sometimes referred to as “smoker’s cough,” although COPD can affect non-smokers as well.

Managing COPD-Related Morning Coughs

To address coughs associated with COPD, consider the following strategies:

1. Use prescribed bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids as directed
2. Participate in pulmonary rehabilitation programs to improve lung function
3. Practice controlled coughing techniques to clear airways effectively
4. Quit smoking and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke
5. Use a humidifier to keep airways moist and reduce irritation

Regular check-ups with a pulmonologist are crucial for monitoring COPD progression and adjusting treatment plans as needed. Early intervention and consistent management can help reduce the frequency and severity of morning coughs associated with COPD.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Morning Coughs

While occasional morning coughs are often benign, persistent or severe coughing fits may indicate an underlying health condition that requires medical attention. Recognizing when to consult a healthcare professional is crucial for maintaining respiratory health and overall well-being.

Red Flags for Morning Coughs

Consider seeking medical evaluation if you experience any of the following:

• A cough that persists for more than three weeks
• Coughing up blood or rust-colored sputum
• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Chest pain or tightness
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fever lasting more than a few days
• Coughing that interferes with sleep or daily activities

These symptoms may indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires prompt medical attention and appropriate treatment.

Diagnostic Approaches for Persistent Morning Coughs

When evaluating chronic morning coughs, healthcare providers may employ various diagnostic tools, including:

1. Physical examination and medical history review
2. Chest X-rays or CT scans to visualize lung structure
3. Pulmonary function tests to assess lung capacity and function
4. Allergy testing to identify potential triggers
5. Sputum analysis to detect infections or abnormalities

Based on the results of these assessments, your healthcare provider can develop an appropriate treatment plan tailored to your specific condition and needs. Early intervention and proper management can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals experiencing persistent morning coughs.

8 possible causes and treatments

A morning cough can occur due to an illness or another health condition, such as allergies or asthma. But if the cough lingers, you may need medical treatment.

Many things can cause a morning cough. Coughing is your body’s way of clearing irritants from your respiratory system. Often, it isn’t a sign of a serious medical condition.

Let’s examine eight potential causes of your morning coughing fits and look at how you can treat them.

While you sleep, phlegm and other irritants can pool in your lungs and throat. When you become active in the morning, the phlegm starts to break up and may trigger a coughing fit.

A cough that produces phlegm is known as a wet cough or productive cough. If it doesn’t produce phlegm, it’s called a dry cough or unproductive cough. Knowing which type you have can help you narrow down the cause.

If you have a cough in the morning, the common cold is a likely cause. The average American has two to three colds per year, and children usually have more. A persistent wet cough is one of the most common symptoms.

Many people find their cough is worse in the morning from phlegm that accumulates overnight.

Other symptoms of the common cold include:

• sore throat
• body aches
• fatigue
• headache
• sneezing
• runny nose

Treatment

Treatments for a cough caused by the common cold may include:

• drinking warm tea with honey
• decongestants or antihistamines
• cough suppressants or expectorants
• using a saline nasal spray or breathing in warm vapor to clear mucus that may cause a cough

As your doctor whether these medications, especially those available over the counter, are safe for a child.

Learn more about treatments for the common cold.

Respiratory infections are a group of infections that target either your upper or lower respiratory tracts.

The common cold is a type of respiratory infection, but there are many other types that can also cause a cough, such as COVID-19, the flu (influenza), and pneumonia.

Bronchitis is another type of respiratory infection that causes inflammation of the bronchial tubes in your lungs. It can be either acute or chronic.

Acute bronchitis is usually caused by an infection such as the common cold. Respiratory infections like bronchitis can potentially increase phlegm buildup overnight, leading to coughing fits in the morning.

Along with cold-like symptoms, respiratory infections can cause:

• fever
• general malaise
• wheezing
• chest tightness
• nasal congestion
• gastrointestinal symptoms

Treatment

The treatment for a cough caused by respiratory infection that is not the common cold can depend on the type of infection and whether it affects the upper or lower airway.

In most cases, you can turn to many of the same treatments that you would use for the common cold, as the symptoms can be similar.

If you also have a fever, you may also take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). Speak to your doctor before giving your child an NSAID or acetaminophen (Tylenol).

Other treatments may include:

• antiviral therapy
• antibiotics for bacterial infections

Learn more about respiratory infections.

Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is an immune reaction to airborne allergens such as pollen, pet dander, or dust mites.

Symptoms can include:

• runny nose
• nasal congestion
• dry cough
• headaches
• watery eyes
• wheezing
• shortness of breath

Because dust mites tend to live in bedding, people with dust mite allergies usually experience worse symptoms at night and in the morning.

Pollen counts are generally highest in the morning and may worsen your cough in the morning if you have a pollen allergy.

Treatment

Potential treatments for a cough caused by allergies include:

• antihistamines
• corticosteroids
• decongestants

Learn more about treatments for allergies.

A postnasal drip is one of the reasons allergic rhinitis or a respiratory infection can lead to a cough. This is when your body produces excess mucus that builds up in the back of your nose and drips into your throat. It’s often a symptom of colds, allergies, or eating spicy foods.

Symptoms include:

• a constant feeling of needing to clear your throat
• a wet cough that’s worse at night or in the morning
• nausea
• sore or scratchy throat
• bad breath

Postnasal drip tends to cause the most discomfort at night when you are sleeping. You may still feel the urge to clear your throat when you wake up.

Treatment

You can relieve postnatal drip by:

• using a saline spray or netipot to rinse out your sinuses
• decongestants
• antihistamines
• staying hydrated, which can help thin the mucous

Learn more on how to treat postnasal drip.

Asthma is a chronic condition that causes the airways to your lungs to swell. This swelling can make it difficult to breathe. Asthma severity can range from barely noticeable to life threatening.

The most common symptoms of asthma include:

• dry or wet coughing
• wheezing
• trouble breathing
• chest tightness
• fatigue

Many people with asthma have a cough that’s worse at night or in the early morning. If you have cough-variant asthma (CPA), your symptoms may be entirely confined to a cough that doesn’t seem to go away.

Treatment

If you have asthma, you can control your symptoms using short-acting and long-acting medications. These include:

• inhaled corticosteroids
• bronchodilators
• nebulizers

For more severe asthma, other treatment options are available. Learn more about asthma treatments.

COPD is a group of progressive pulmonary diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

The most common cause of COPD is smoking tobacco. The primary symptoms of COPD are a wet cough and trouble breathing.

Other symptoms include:

• wheezing
• chest tightness
• frequent sickness
• fatigue

Late-stage COPD may cause emergency symptoms, such as:

• bluish lips or gray fingernails from low oxygen levels
• confusion
• inability to catch your breath or talk
• rapid heart rate

Symptoms can appear at any time of day, but in general, people with COPD experience the worst symptoms in the morning.

Treatment

COPD treatment options include:

• quitting smoking (quitting can be difficult, but a doctor can help create a plan that works for you)
• bronchodilators
• oxygen therapy
• surgery

Learn more about treatments for COPD.

Recent research has shown that as much as 85% of chronic cough cases may be caused by GERD. GERD occurs when your stomach acid frequently flows back into your esophagus from your stomach.

Symptoms include:

• chronic cough
• burning in your chest, often after eating
• chest pain
• swallowing difficulty
• feeling of a lump in your throat

GERD commonly causes a cough after eating and when lying down. Some people with GERD may notice their cough is worse in the morning after spending the night lying in bed.

Treatment

Treatment options for GERD include:

• antacids
• medications to reduce stomach acid production
• prescription-strength proton pump inhibitors
• prescription-strength h3 receptor blockers
• surgery

Learn more about treatments for GERD.

If you find you are congested and coughing for a long time, you may have a sinus infection (sinusitis). The congestion in your nose can accumulate overnight, making you cough more when you wake up.

Other symptoms of a sinus infection include:

• postnatal drip
• sore throat
• headache
• bad breath
• pain in your face

Treatment

If your sinus infection is bacterial, you will need to take antibiotics. However, in many cases, a sinus infection can go away on its own.

In the meantime, you can use many of the same treatments that you would use for the common cold, other respiratory infections, allergies, or postnasal drip.

In addition, you can also place a warm compress on your nose and forehead to reduce your sinus pressure and help thin out mucus.

Learn more about treatments for a sinus infection.

If your morning cough doesn’t go away after several weeks, you should visit a doctor for a proper diagnosis.

A morning cough is also frequently paired with other symptoms. If you experience these symptoms, you should speak to a doctor:

• fever of 39°C (102.2°F) or higher in children, 38°C (100.4°F) or higher in a baby under 3 months old, or 39.4°C (103 degrees°F) in an adult
• greenish-yellow phlegm
• wheezing
• unexplained weight loss
• ankle swelling

Other symptoms may be more serious. Seek emergency help if you experience:

• trouble breathing
• severe headache
• dehydration
• fainting
• drowsiness or fatigue lasting longer than 2 weeks
• choking
• confusion
• coughing up blood or phlegm with a pink tint
• trouble swallowing
• chest pain

Medical emergency

Coughing up blood may be a sign of a serious medical issue. You should see a doctor if you see blood in your phlegm. Possible causes include:

• COPD
• lung cancer
• throat irritation
• respiratory infections
• asthma
• bronchitis
• pneumonia

Read on for answers to common questions about morning cough.

How do I stop coughing in the morning?

The best treatment option for your cough depends on the underlying cause. There isn’t a cure for the common cold or for respiratory infections. Getting plenty of rest will help your body fight the infection faster. Cough medication can help suppress your urge to cough, while decongestants can help manage postnasal drip.

How do I know what’s causing my morning cough?

The best way to know the cause of your morning cough is to see a doctor, especially if you also have other symptoms. The doctor will likely listen to your breathing with a stethoscope. They may send a sample of your mucus to a lab to search for a viral infection or measure your lung function with a spirometry test. If this is not enough to identify the cause, they may order imaging tests like an X-ray or a CT scan, or a scope test called a bronchoscopy to look inside your lungs with a small camera.

What’s causing my baby to cough in the morning?

Babies can experience morning coughs for many of the same reasons as adults and older children. When coughing in babies and children is caused by a respiratory infection, it appears in 46%-56% of children. Specific infections that can occur in young children include croup and whooping cough (pertussis).

There are many potential causes of a morning cough. Often, a morning cough isn’t a need for concern.

However, if it persists for more than 2 weeks or if you’re having trouble breathing, it’s a good idea to visit a doctor for a proper diagnosis.

What Could Be The Underlying Reasons For My Morning Cough?

Cough is the body’s natural defense mechanism that helps expel mucus, microbes, or foreign particles from the respiratory system. Coughs are very common and are harmless, but the one that persists for several weeks or produces bloody or discolored mucus may be a sign of an underlying condition. A cough can occur at any time of the day, but several conditions may cause morning cough.

Some mucus (phlegm) and fluids build up in the lungs during the night while one is asleep. Upon waking up and being active, the accumulated phlegm begins to loosen, triggering a cough. Morning coughs can signify different conditions as well as the seriousness or intensity of the underlying disease.

Acute cough vs. chronic cough

Cough can be classified based on the duration and features like how it sounds and feels. It can occur in different forms such as dry cough and wet cough. Cough can be the only symptom of a disease, or it can occur with other symptoms associated with diseases of the lung, heart, and stomach.

Based on the duration of the cough, it can be acute or chronic. Acute cough refers to a cough that lasts less than a month. A common cold or flu can cause an acute cough. Chronic cough is one that lasts for over eight weeks in adults and four weeks in children. It usually indicates an underlying condition that may require medical attention. Though not a condition by itself, chronic cough can be a symptom that requires a diagnosis of the underlying disease and the right course of treatment.

Recommended Read: How to Tackle That Niggling Chronic Cough

Underlying conditions which can cause a morning cough

There are many reasons for a morning cough, and they need not necessarily be a cause for concern. However, if the morning cough persists for long, it can be because of an underlying disease, and one should seek medical attention.

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): This condition is characterized by a chronic lung inflammation that causes constriction of the airways, causing difficulty in breathing. The cough is usually worse in the early morning hours and is associated with the production of yellowish mucus.
• Bronchitis: This condition refers to inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the air passages which carry air to the lungs. Bronchitis causes cough along with mucus production.  The cough tends to worsen in the morning because the phlegm and fluids that settle in the lungs over the night get mobilized due to activity in the morning.
• Asthma: Asthma is a chronic lung condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways. Coughing is one of the common symptoms in asthmatics that is often worse at night or early in the morning. The cough is usually accompanied by the production of mucus. However, in people with cough-variant asthma, dry cough occurs as a major symptom.
• Allergy: Cough related to dust mite allergies becomes worse at night and early morning, as dust mites are often concentrated in the bedding. People with pollen allergy also have cough in the morning, as pollen counts are high in the early hours of the day.
• Postnasal drip: The body produces excess mucus when sinus problems or allergies occur with upper respiratory tract infections. The excess mucus can drain down into the throat, especially when lying down. This is called postnasal drip and is one of the most common causes of morning cough.
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): GERD occurs when the stomach acids flow back into the esophagus (food pipe) and irritate its lining. These acids can reach the throat and cause a dry cough when lying down and in the morning.
• Smoking: People who smoke commonly experience a morning cough. When a person stops smoking at night for a couple of hours, the cilia (tiny hairs in the lungs) work to remove the accumulated chemicals or toxins from the lungs. This causes a severe cough in the early morning.

Conclusion

Coughs can be an important diagnostic tool for many health conditions. Learning and recognizing the cause of coughs, including morning cough, can help to identify the onset of a medical condition that needs intervention. As morning cough can be seen in several conditions, it is crucial to record the duration, type of cough, its features, and any other symptoms that occur along with it. This information will help the doctor provide the most appropriate treatment.

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Short-term restless sleep – symptoms, diagnosis, treatment in Zheleznodorozhny

04/22/2017

Sleep disturbance is a fairly common problem. Frequent complaints of poor sleep are made by 8-15% of the adult population of our planet, and 9-11% use various sleeping pills. This figure is even higher among the elderly. Sleep disorders can be found at any age, and each age category has its own disorders. There are sleep disorders that begin in childhood and do not leave a person all his life, for example, narcolepsy.

Sleep disturbance can be primary, which is not associated with organ pathology, or secondary, resulting from other diseases. Sleep disorders occur as a result of various diseases of the central nervous system or mental disorders. A number of somatic diseases cause insomnia in patients under the influence of shortness of breath, pain, angina attacks, coughing or arrhythmia, frequent urination, itching, etc. Intoxication of various origins, including in patients with oncology, causes drowsiness. Sleep problems that are pathological in nature can develop due to hormonal abnormalities, for example, during the pathology of the hypothalamic-mesencephalic region (tumor, epidemic encephalitis, etc.).

Classification of sleep disorders

1. Insomnia is insomnia, a violation of the process of falling asleep and sleeping.

• Psychological refers to the psychological state, can be situational (temporary) or permanent.

• As a result of taking alcohol or drugs:

1. chronic alcoholism;

2. prolonged use of drugs that activate or depress the central nervous system;

3. syndrome of withdrawal of sleeping pills, sedatives or other drugs;

1. syndrome of decreased alveolar ventilation;

2. sleep apnea syndrome;

2. Hypersomnia, which is increased sleepiness

• Psychophysiological, which is associated with the psychological sphere, can be permanent or temporary

• As a result of taking alcohol or medications;

• As a result of mental illness;

• As a result of various breathing disorders during sleep;

• Narcolepsy

• As a result of other pathological conditions

3. Wrong mode of wakefulness and sleep

1. slow sleep syndrome

2. premature sleep syndrome

3. syndrome in which there is no 24-hour cycle of sleep and wakefulness

4. Parasomnia, which is characterized by impaired functioning of systems and organs associated with sleep or awakening:

Sleep disturbance symptoms

Symptoms of sleep disorders can be varied and are determined by the type of disorder. However, regardless of sleep disturbance, in a short period of time it can lead to a change in the emotional background, performance and attentiveness of a person. Children at school age have learning problems, they learn new information worse. It is not uncommon for a patient to come to the doctor complaining of worsening health, while not realizing that this is related to disturbed sleep.

Psychosomatic insomnia. Insomnia is situational when it lasts no more than three weeks. People who suffer from insomnia are less likely to fall asleep, often waking up in the middle of the night, and find it difficult to get back to sleep. They are characterized by early morning awakening, feel the lack of sleep after sleep. Because of this, they experience irritability, emotional instability, overwork. The situation is complicated by the constant worries of patients about disturbed sleep and the anxious expectation of the night. The time during which they try to fall asleep lasts twice as long for them. Situational insomnia is caused by the emotional state of a person under the influence of certain psychological phenomena. Often after the effects of stressful conditions cease, sleep returns to normal. But in certain cases, difficulties in falling asleep, as well as nighttime wakefulness, become commonplace, and the fear of insomnia further worsens the situation, which leads to the formation of regular insomnia.

Insomnia resulting from the use of alcoholic beverages or medications. Long-term regular consumption of alcohol can lead to deviations in the organization of sleep. There is a shortening of the phase of REM sleep and the patient often wakes up in the middle of the night. After the alcohol intake is stopped, the problem usually disappears after two weeks.

Disturbed sleep may be a side effect of medications taken that excite the nervous system. Long-term use of sleeping pills and sedatives also leads to insomnia. Over time, the effect of the drug declines, and increasing the dose leads to a short-term improvement in the situation. Due to disturbed sleep, aggravation is possible, despite increased doses. In such situations, systematic short-term awakenings are noted, and a clear boundary between sleep phases also disappears.

When a mentally ill person has insomnia, he has a constant feeling of intense anxiety at night, quite sensitive and superficial sleep, frequent awakenings, daytime apathy, and fatigue.

Sleep apnea or sleep apnea is a short-term interruption in the flow of air into the upper respiratory tract that occurs during sleep. Such a pause in breathing is usually accompanied by snoring or restlessness. There are obstructive sleep apneas, which begin as a result of the closure of the lumen of the upper respiratory canals during inhalation, and central apneas, related to deviations in the work of the respiratory center.

Insomnia during restless legs syndrome begins to develop as a result of a feeling that forms in the depths of the calf muscles, which requires movement of the legs. The desire to move the legs appears before sleep and disappears when walking begins, but then it may resume again.

Diagnosis of sleep disorders

Polysomnography is the most common way to study sleep disorders. This examination is carried out by a somnologist in a specialized laboratory in which the patient spends the night. While the patient is sleeping, various sensors simultaneously record the bioelectrical activity of the brain (EEG), cardiac activity (ECG), respiratory actions of the anterior abdominal wall and chest, the air flow that is inhaled and exhaled, oxygen saturation of the blood, etc. Everything that happens in the ward is filmed and a doctor is on duty. Thanks to this examination, it is possible to examine the state of brain activity and the work of the main body systems during each five stages of sleep, to establish deviations and find the cause of disturbed sleep. Another way to diagnose sleep disorders is to study the average sleep latency (SLS). It is used in identifying the causes of drowsiness and plays an important role in the process of diagnosing narcolepsy. The study includes five attempts to fall asleep that are made while awake. Each attempt is given 20 minutes, the interval between these attempts is two hours. The average sleep latency is the time it takes the patient to fall asleep. When it is more than 10 minutes, this is normal, from 10 to 5 minutes is a borderline indicator, less than 5 minutes already indicates pathological drowsiness.

Treatment

Depending on the cause of sleep disturbance, treatment by a neurologist is prescribed. With somatic pathology, therapy is directed to the underlying disease. The reduction in the depth of sleep, as well as its duration, which occurs in the elderly, is a natural process and often only needs an explanatory consultation with the patient. Before resorting to sleeping pills, it is recommended to monitor compliance with the basic principles of healthy sleep: do not go to bed in a state of excitement or anger, do not eat before bedtime, do not drink alcohol, strong tea, coffee at night, do not fall asleep during the day, do not forget about the lesson sports, but do not exercise at night, keep the bedroom clean. Patients who have disturbed sleep are advised to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day. If you haven’t been able to fall asleep for 30-40 minutes, you need to get up and keep busy until sleep appears. Evening relaxing treatments will be useful: a warm bath or a walk. Psychotherapy, various soothing techniques often help to solve the problems of disturbed sleep.

In the medical treatment of sleep disorders, benzodiazeline drugs are often used. Tablets with a short period of exposure – triazolam, midazolam are prescribed when the process of falling asleep is disturbed. However, their reception is often accompanied by side reactions: confusion, agitation, disturbed morning sleep, amnesia. Long-acting sleeping pills – diazelam, chlordiazepoxide, flurazelam are used for frequent nocturnal or early morning awakenings. But, they often cause daytime sleepiness. In such situations, they resort to the help of drugs of the average period of exposure – zolpidem and zopiclone. These drugs have a lower risk of developing dependence or tolerance.

Another group of drugs that are used for sleep disorders are antidepressants: doxelin, amitriptyline, mianserin. They are not addictive, they are suitable for aged patients, patients who have a depressive state or suffer from chronic pain syndrome. However, due to the large number of side effects, its use is limited.

If the case is severe and the drugs could not give the desired result, then they resort to antipsychotics that have a sedative effect: chlorprothixene, levomepromazine, promethazine. When mild pathological drowsiness is diagnosed, mild CNS stimulants are prescribed: ascorbic and glutamic acid, calcium-containing drugs. When the violations are pronounced – psychotonic drugs: imipramine, iproniazid.

“Every night I wake up in a sweat”: Kaliningraders spoke about the consequences of COVID-19, part 3

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   Articles

Authors: Mikhail Baranov, Nadezhda Markova

“Klops” continues to collect stories of Kaliningraders who survived COVID-19.

“Looking at the sky so as not to vomit”

25-year-old Marina Orlova contracted covid in the second half of August. After a repeated negative test, the illness did not leave the girl’s body – she still feels weak and dizzy.

All the time that I was sick, I constantly vomited. At first I even thought it was a banal food poisoning. This is from atypical, the rest is classic: from a burning feeling in the throat and shortness of breath to loss of smell, cough, wild temperature. Now I can work for several hours and just pass out, as if there is not enough air.”

According to Marina, her “crown” was something between mild and severe forms. drink vitamins, do breathing exercises, “as the doctor explained, this will help the body survive stress.

I remember walking from the market in autumn. In the hands of heavy packages with vegetables, meat – they were preparing a festive dinner for the arrival of nephews from Moscow. I forgot to take off my mask, I was out of breath after a few minutes of travel. I had to get up, like an old grandmother, to catch my breath on the street near the wall <...> I looked at the sky so that I wouldn’t vomit.”

the body can withstand heavy loads.

I often carry bags of papers home at work, I run back and forth in the office. I really want to believe that it’s just seasonal – it’s the end of the year after all – and then it will pass.”

Illustration: Evgenia Budadina Elena from the Gvardeisky district is suffering from shortness of breath, insomnia and headaches after the coronavirus.

It has become much worse than before.You physically put a little strain on the body and that’s it, you start to suffocate.You go up the stairs – shortness of breath.I used to fly to the fifth floor calmly, and now at the first I get up and suffocate. The doctor advised me to do gymnastics, to develop the lungs. ”

Elena is following the recommendations, but there is no improvement yet. Two weeks ago, the woman suffered from right-sided pneumonia and was treated at home.

Three children also fell ill, but rather easily. And then I. For three days, neither alive nor dead, she lay with a high temperature, it was hard to breathe, she was suffocating. The children were watching me. I lost my sense of smell and taste on the eighth day, I didn’t have them for a day, then everything was restored.”

In addition to breathing problems, Elena’s sleep was disturbed during her illness. And now she wakes up every two hours in a sweat.

Terrible dream, hard to fall asleep. I wake up all wet all the time. I began to drink motherwort at night in order to somehow fall asleep. Never had a problem before.”

Elena thinks that her severe headaches came from lack of sleep.

Everything clings to one another here. My head hurts badly, like a migraine. Almost every day I sit on painkillers. And the temperature jumps. The doctor says that this is normal: 37.3-37.6, although the test has been negative for a long time. And before, I laughed at the coronavirus, like everyone else, until I touched it myself. ”

Illustration: Evgeniya Budadina

“You come home from work and go to bed, you don’t need anything else in life”

Nadezhda is 35 years old, she works in the field of education. The woman contracted the coronavirus in early November. After recovering, she found out that she was pregnant.

Every two weeks I was ordered to do an ultrasound, additional tests. There will be a screening after the New Year. They promised me to look meticulously, it was exciting for me.

Nadezhda had no sense of smell for a month. return the sense of smell. The taste disappeared for four days, then returned, but distorted.

I still have shortness of breath, it is very hard to breathe in the mask. Constant weakness, you come home from work, go to bed, and nothing more is needed in life. Insomnia immediately appeared. Usually I sleep well, but here at midnight my eyes are in a bunch.”

Illustration: Evgeniya Budadina

“I cough so that people shy away from me”

with her husband, two children and mother at the beginning of November.

I still have shortness of breath and very severe weakness. Cough comes in some sort of attacks. I cough as if I just got sick. Sometimes people shy away from me. ”

Maria went to work, but she always wants to sleep. “If I could always get up normally earlier in the morning, now on weekends I can only wake up at three in the afternoon,” she says.

At the beginning of her illness, Maria developed symptoms of SARS, lost her sense of smell, and then it got worse.