What are vulval cysts. How do they develop. Who is at risk of developing vulval cysts. What are the common types of vulval cysts. How are vulval cysts diagnosed and treated. What are the potential complications of vulval cysts. When should you seek medical attention for a vulval cyst.

Understanding Vulval Cysts: An Overview

Vulval cysts are encapsulated lesions containing fluid or semi-fluid material that occur on the external female genitalia. These cysts can develop from various structures within this complex anatomical area, affecting females of all ages. While some vulval cysts are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, others may cause discomfort, pain, or interfere with daily activities.

The etiology of vulval cysts is diverse, ranging from developmental and genetic factors to post-traumatic or spontaneous occurrences. Understanding the different types of vulval cysts, their causes, and clinical presentations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Common Types of Vulval Cysts and Their Characteristics

Vulval cysts can be categorized into two main groups: common cutaneous cysts and cysts specific to the vulval area. Each type has distinct features and typical locations within the vulval region.

Common Cutaneous Cysts

• Milium: These are tiny, white cysts measuring 1-2 mm in diameter. They are frequently observed on the labia of older women and are typically asymptomatic.
• Epidermoid cyst: Found on the cutaneous aspect of the labia majora, these cysts are common in middle-aged and elderly women. They can be solitary or multiple, presenting as painless lumps up to 1 cm in diameter.

Cysts Specific to the Vulval Area

• Bartholin and Skene duct cysts: These cysts contain clear mucoid fluid and are located near the introitus and distal urethra, respectively. They may present as lumps or painful swellings if infected.
• Vestibular mucinous cyst: Developing from minor vestibular glands on the inner labia minora, these cysts typically occur between puberty and the fourth decade of life.
• Cyst of the canal of Nuck: A developmental anomaly presenting as a skin-colored swelling in the inguinal area and labium majorum, usually detected by age five.
• Gartner cyst: Originating from remnants of the mesonephric duct, these cysts appear as small, solitary masses on the front vaginal wall.
• Ciliated cyst of the vulva: Formed from paramesonephric duct remnants, these cysts are often found incidentally during pregnancy or puberty.

Causes and Risk Factors for Vulval Cysts

The development of vulval cysts can be attributed to various factors:

1. Developmental anomalies: Some cysts, like those of the canal of Nuck, result from incomplete closure of embryonic structures.
2. Genetic predisposition: Certain cysts, such as steatocystomas, may have a hereditary component.
3. Hormonal influences: Hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause can trigger cyst formation.
4. Trauma or injury: Post-traumatic cysts may develop following surgery or injury to the vulval area.
5. Blockage of glands or ducts: Obstruction of Bartholin’s or Skene’s glands can lead to cyst formation.

Are certain individuals more prone to developing vulval cysts? While vulval cysts can affect females of any age, some types are more prevalent in specific age groups. For instance, Bartholin duct cysts are reported to affect approximately 2% of adult women at some point in their lives.

Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Features of Vulval Cysts

The clinical presentation of vulval cysts can vary depending on their type, size, and location. Common features include:

• Dome-shaped, firm or fluctuant lesions
• Discrete, palpable lumps
• Asymptomatic masses discovered incidentally
• Pain or discomfort, which may be cyclic, intermittent, or persistent
• Dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse)

How are vulval cysts diagnosed? Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical examination and the characteristic location of the cyst. In some cases, additional diagnostic tools may be employed:

1. Physical examination: Assessing the size, location, and characteristics of the cyst
2. Medical history: Gathering information about symptoms, duration, and any associated factors
3. Ultrasound: To evaluate the internal structure and contents of larger cysts
4. Biopsy: In cases where malignancy is suspected or the diagnosis is uncertain
5. MRI: For complex cases or when planning surgical intervention

Treatment Options and Management Strategies for Vulval Cysts

The management of vulval cysts depends on their type, size, location, and associated symptoms. Treatment options may include:

• Observation: For small, asymptomatic cysts that do not cause discomfort
• Warm compresses: To promote drainage and alleviate discomfort
• Antibiotics: In cases of infected cysts or abscesses
• Incision and drainage: For larger, symptomatic cysts
• Marsupialization: A surgical technique used for recurrent Bartholin’s cysts
• Complete excision: For persistent or recurrent cysts

What factors influence the choice of treatment for vulval cysts? The decision to treat and the selection of the appropriate treatment method depend on several factors:

1. Size and location of the cyst
2. Presence and severity of symptoms
3. Risk of complications
4. Patient’s age and overall health
5. Desire for future pregnancies (in cases of larger cysts)

Potential Complications and Long-term Outlook

While many vulval cysts are benign and resolve without complications, some may lead to:

• Infection and abscess formation
• Chronic pain or discomfort
• Sexual dysfunction
• Recurrence after treatment
• Psychological distress due to cosmetic concerns

Can vulval cysts be prevented? While not all vulval cysts can be prevented, certain measures may reduce the risk of development or recurrence:

1. Maintaining good vulval hygiene
2. Avoiding tight-fitting clothing that may cause irritation
3. Prompt treatment of any vulval infections
4. Regular gynecological check-ups
5. Avoiding trauma to the vulval area

When to Seek Medical Attention for Vulval Cysts

It is important to consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

• A new or growing lump in the vulval area
• Pain, tenderness, or discomfort associated with a vulval cyst
• Signs of infection, such as redness, warmth, or discharge
• Difficulty urinating or having bowel movements due to a large cyst
• Persistent or recurrent cysts despite previous treatment

How urgent is medical attention for vulval cysts? While most vulval cysts are not emergencies, prompt evaluation is recommended to rule out more serious conditions and prevent potential complications. Seek immediate medical care if you experience severe pain, fever, or signs of a rapidly growing mass.

Rare and Atypical Presentations of Vulval Cysts

In addition to common vulval cysts, several rare or atypical presentations have been reported in medical literature:

Eruptive Vellus Hair Cysts

These cysts present as multiple small, yellow-brown papules. While typically found on the front of the trunk, rare cases have been reported on the labia majora. The unique appearance and distribution of these cysts can pose diagnostic challenges for clinicians unfamiliar with this rare presentation.

Steatocystoma

Steatocystoma is an autosomal dominant skin condition resulting in abnormal proliferation of the pilosebaceous duct junction. Although usually found on other parts of the body, localized involvement of the vulva has been reported as a late-onset sporadic condition. These cysts are characterized by their oily content, which drains when punctured.

Pilonidal Cyst

Typically associated with the gluteal cleft, pilonidal cysts have been rarely reported on the vulva, particularly around the clitoris. These cysts form due to ingrown hairs, creating a dermoid cyst. The unusual location can lead to misdiagnosis if not considered in the differential.

Cutaneous Endometriosis

While not a true cyst, cutaneous endometriosis can present as a cyst-like lesion on the vulva. This condition occurs when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, potentially leading to cyclic pain and swelling in sync with the menstrual cycle. The rarity of vulval endometriosis makes it a diagnostic challenge, often requiring histopathological confirmation.

How do these rare presentations impact diagnosis and management? The uncommon nature of these cysts highlights the importance of a thorough clinical examination and, when necessary, histopathological analysis. Misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment or delayed intervention. Healthcare providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for these atypical presentations, especially in cases that do not respond to standard treatments or present with unusual features.

Psychosocial Impact and Quality of Life Considerations

The presence of vulval cysts can have significant psychosocial implications for affected individuals. These impacts may include:

• Anxiety and self-consciousness about physical appearance
• Decreased self-esteem and body image issues
• Sexual dysfunction or avoidance of intimate relationships
• Discomfort during daily activities or exercise
• Emotional distress related to chronic symptoms or recurrence

How can healthcare providers address the psychosocial aspects of vulval cysts? A comprehensive approach to care should include:

1. Open and empathetic communication about the condition and its impact
2. Providing accurate information to dispel myths and alleviate anxiety
3. Offering psychological support or referrals when needed
4. Discussing treatment options that align with the patient’s goals and preferences
5. Addressing concerns about sexual health and functioning

By acknowledging and addressing the psychosocial dimensions of vulval cysts, healthcare providers can enhance patient care and improve overall quality of life for those affected by this condition.

Future Directions in Research and Management of Vulval Cysts

As our understanding of vulval cysts continues to evolve, several areas of research and clinical practice show promise for improving diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes:

Advanced Imaging Techniques

The development and refinement of high-resolution imaging modalities, such as 3D ultrasound and advanced MRI protocols, may enhance the accuracy of diagnosis and aid in treatment planning. These technologies could provide more detailed information about cyst structure, contents, and relationship to surrounding tissues.

Minimally Invasive Treatments

Emerging minimally invasive techniques, including laser therapy and sclerotherapy, are being explored for the management of certain types of vulval cysts. These approaches aim to reduce recovery time, minimize scarring, and potentially lower the risk of recurrence compared to traditional surgical methods.

Genetic and Molecular Studies

Further research into the genetic and molecular basis of vulval cysts may uncover new targets for prevention and treatment. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of cyst formation could lead to the development of targeted therapies or preventive strategies.

Patient-Centered Outcome Measures

The development and validation of patient-reported outcome measures specific to vulval cysts could improve our understanding of the condition’s impact on quality of life and help assess the effectiveness of various treatments from the patient’s perspective.

Interdisciplinary Approaches

Collaboration between gynecologists, dermatologists, urologists, and other specialists may lead to more comprehensive and tailored management strategies for complex or atypical cases of vulval cysts.

What potential benefits could these advancements bring to patients with vulval cysts? The ongoing research and development in this field may result in:

• More accurate and earlier diagnosis of vulval cysts
• Personalized treatment plans based on individual patient characteristics
• Reduced recurrence rates and improved long-term outcomes
• Enhanced quality of life through more effective symptom management
• Greater understanding of rare and complex presentations of vulval cysts

As research progresses, it is crucial for healthcare providers to stay informed about the latest developments in the field of vulval cysts. This knowledge will enable them to offer the most up-to-date and effective care to their patients, ultimately improving outcomes and quality of life for those affected by this condition.

Vulval cysts | DermNet

Authors: Dr Yi Jia Lee, Resident Medical Officer, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Dr Varitsara Mangkorntongsakul, Senior Medical Officer, Central Coast Local Health District, Gosford, NSW, Australia. Copy edited by Gus Mitchell. November 2020

What is a vulval cyst?

A vulval cyst is an encapsulated lesion that contains fluid or semi-fluid material occurring on the external female genitalia. Vulval cysts can develop from any of the structures normally found in this complex area.

Who gets vulval cysts?

Females of any age can present with a vulval cyst; however, a particular type of cyst may be more common in a specific age group.

What causes vulval cysts?

Vulval cysts can be developmental, genetic, post-traumatic, or spontaneous.

What are the clinical features of vulval cysts?

Vulval cysts are dome-shaped, firm or fluctuant, discrete lesions which may be asymptomatic and noticed incidentally, or present due to pain or dyspareunia which may be cyclic, intermittent, or persistent. The location or distribution of the cysts can be characteristic for a particular type of cyst.

See Vulval cyst images.

Common cutaneous cysts on the vulva

Milium

Vulval milia are 1–2 mm, white cysts very commonly seen on examination of the labia of older women. The patient may be aware of the multiple small lumps, but typically they are asymptomatic and an incidental finding.

Epidermoid cyst

Epidermoid cysts are commonly found on the cutaneous aspect of the labia majora of middle-aged and elderly women. The cysts may be solitary or multiple, spontaneous or post-surgical, usually presenting as a painless lump up to a centimetre in diameter. Giant epidermoid cyst of the vulva has been described.

Cysts specific to the vulval area

Bartholin and Skene duct cysts

Cysts of the Bartholin gland or Skene duct contain clear mucoid fluid. Bartholin glands are located towards the back and side of the introitus at the 4 o’clock and 8 o’clock positions. Skene glands are adjacent to the distal urethra. Cysts may present as a lump, or as painful swelling if the cyst has become infected and an abscess has formed. Bartholin duct cysts are reported to affect 2% of adult women at some time in their life. Skene duct cysts can also present in neonates. Diagnosis is usually made by the anatomic location of the cyst.

Vestibular mucinous cyst

Mucinous cysts develop from minor vestibular glands found on the inner labia minora along Hart lines. Cysts may be found incidentally, present as a palpable lump noticed by the patient, or cause pain should the cyst become inflamed. Vestibular mucinous cysts typically develop between puberty and the fourth decade.

Cyst of the canal of Nuck

A cyst of the canal of Nuck is a developmental anomaly due to incomplete closure of the round ligament and is the equivalent of a spermatic cord hydrocele in males. It presents as a skin-coloured, asymptomatic swelling located in the inguinal area and labium majorum, resembling an inguinal hernia. It is usually detected by five years of age.

Gartner cyst

A Gartner, or mesonephric, cyst develops in remnants of an incompletely regressed mesonephric duct. The mesonephric duct forms the male sexual organs, so should regress completely in the female fetus. Persistent mesonephric duct remnants in a female are usually associated with congenital abnormalities of the metanephric urinary system such as an ectopic ureter, unilateral renal agenesis or hypoplasia. A Gartner cyst is a small solitary unilateral cyst on the front vaginal wall towards one side, which may bulge to present as an interlabial mass in late adolescence.

Ciliated cyst of the vulva

At the ninth week of gestation, the paramesonephric duct develops into the fallopian tube. Remnants of this duct can form a ciliated, or paramesonephric, cyst found incidentally on the labium majorum during pregnancy, puberty, or with other hormonal influences. The lesion is usually a single cyst cavity, 1–3 cm in diameter, and drains clear or amber-coloured fluid if ruptured.

Cutaneous cysts that may occur on the vulva

Eruptive vellus hair cysts

Eruptive vellus hair cysts present as multiple small yellow-brown papules usually on the front of the trunk but have been rarely reported on the labia majora.

Steatocystoma

Steatocystoma is an autosomal dominant skin condition resulting in an abnormal proliferation of the pilosebaceous duct junction. The resultant skin papules drain an oily fluid when punctured. Involvement localised to the vulva has been rarely reported as a late-onset sporadic condition.

Pilonidal cyst

Pilonidal disease is usually found at the upper end of the gluteal cleft, but has been reported as a painless papule or nodule on the vulva, particularly in the area around the clitoris, due to an ingrown hair forming a dermoid cyst.

Endometriosis

Cutaneous endometriosis can rarely occur on the vulva at the site of previous obstetric or surgical trauma. It presents as nodules, patches, or cysts filled with fresh or clotted blood.

What are the complications of vulval cysts?

• Cyst rupture
• Inflammation and infection
• Pressure effects
• Dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse)

How is a vulval cyst diagnosed?

Diagnosis of a vulval cyst is usually clinical based on the age at presentation, location, and appearance. Ultrasound examination or histology of a skin biopsy or excision specimen may sometimes be required.

What is the differential diagnosis for a vulval cyst?

• Vascular lesions — cherry angioma, angiokeratoma, haemangioma, varicosities
• Infections — viral wart, herpes simplex virus, bullous impetigo
• Inflammatory conditions — sebaceous adenitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, bullous fixed drug eruption
• Vulval cancer

What is the treatment for a vulval cyst?

The majority of vulval cysts do not require treatment once the diagnosis has been made. Cysts may be drained, marsupialised, extracted, or excised.

What is the outcome for a vulval cyst?

Vulval cysts are generally benign. Some may resolve or rupture spontaneously. Recurrence can follow surgical intervention particularly if the entire cyst wall has not been removed.

Epidermoid cyst | DermNet

Author: Megan Lam, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada. DermNet NZ Editor in Chief: Adjunct A/Prof Amanda Oakley, Dermatologist, Hamilton, New Zealand. Copy edited by Gus Mitchell. April 2020.

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What is an epidermoid cyst?

An epidermoid cyst is a benign cyst derived from the infundibulum or upper portion of a hair follicle, encapsulated in a thin layer of epidermis-like epithelium. Epidermoid cysts are typically filled with keratin and lipid-rich debris [1,2].

Synonyms for an epidermoid cyst include:

• Epidermal cyst
• Epidermal inclusion cyst
• Epithelial cyst
• Follicular infundibular cyst
• Infundibular cyst
• Keratin cyst
• Sebaceous cyst (this is a common misnomer, as these cysts do not involve sebaceous glands, nor do they contain sebum).

Epidermoid cyst

Epidermoid cyst

Epidermoid cyst

Palpating an epidermoid cyst

Who gets an epidermoid cyst?

Epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults, particularly when young-to-middle aged. They occur twice as frequently in men than in women [3].

Genetic disorders which may increase the risk of developing multiple epidermoid cysts include [1]:

• Gardner syndrome
• Pachyonychia congenita type 2
• Basal cell naevus syndrome.

Syndromes associated with epidermoid cysts

Gardner syndrome

What causes an epidermoid cyst?

An epidermoid cyst generally results from an occluded pilosebaceous unit.

On non-hair-bearing areas of the body, such as the buttock, palm of the hand, or sole of the foot, an epidermoid cyst may be due to traumatic implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis where keratin accumulates within an epithelium-lined sac [2].

What are the clinical features of an epidermoid cyst?

The clinical features of an epidermoid cyst include [4]:

• A firm, flesh-coloured or yellowish round papule or nodule fixed to the skin surface but typically mobile over deeper layers
• Diameter 1–3 cm
• A central punctum
• Foul-smelling cheesy debris can be expressed from the central punctum.

Epidermoid cysts are most common on the central trunk (eg, chest and shoulders) and face but can occur almost anywhere on the body. Epidermoid cysts are common the scrotum and vulva. They may be solitary or multiple, and are generally asymptomatic.

Ruptured cyst

What are the complications of an epidermoid cyst?

Rupture of the cyst contents into the dermis results in swelling, redness, and tenderness. This can be due to trauma or bacterial infection, commonly by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and group A streptococcus [1].

Surgical excision can lead to bleeding, secondary bacterial infection, and scarring. If the cyst has ruptured, or the capsule is not removed in its entirety, the cyst may recur.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma may very rarely arise within an epidermoid cyst [5].

Inflamed cyst

How is an epidermoid cyst diagnosed?

The diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst is usually made clinically.

Biopsy is usually not required but the lesion may be excised for cosmetic reasons or due to complications. Histological features of an epidermoid cyst include [1]:

• A cystic structure in the dermis
• A single cavity (unilocular)
• An epithelial lining without rete ridges and with a granular layer with keratinohyaline granules.

Ultrasound can be used in the initial evaluation of a soft tissue mass but is not usually required for a typical epidermoid cyst.

What is the differential diagnosis for an epidermoid cyst?

Differential diagnoses for an epidermoid cyst include:

• Lipoma — a mobile 2–10 cm dome or egg-shaped subcutaneous lump with a rubbery or soft and smooth consistency
• Trichilemmal cyst — a firm, mobile, 0.5–5 cm subcutaneous nodule without a central punctum, usually presenting on the scalp; it has a thick capsule and is not typically prone to rupture
• Acne pseudocyst — this lacks a capsule and is associated with other signs of acne such as comedones, inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules
• Myxoid pseudocyst — a shiny papule arising at the end of a digit
• Dermoid cyst — this has epidermal and dermal components and arises in early childhood
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related epidermal cyst — a lesion with a hard, keratinous surface.

What is the treatment for an epidermoid cyst?

Most small uncomplicated epidermoid cysts will not require treatment.

The most effective treatment for an epidermoid cyst is complete surgical excision with an intact cyst capsule. Removal of the entire cyst lining decreases rates of recurrence [6]. This can be difficult to achieve following cyst rupture. Histological examination of the surgical specimen is recommended due to the small risk of malignant transformation and misdiagnosis [6].

In cases of infection, initial antibiotics, incision and drainage may be indicated.

What is the outcome for an epidermoid cyst?

Epidermoid cysts are typically benign and slow growing, rarely undergoing malignant transformation. Occasionally, they resolve spontaneously without intervention [1].

References

1. Zito PM, Scharf R. Cyst, Epidermoid (Sebaceous Cyst) [Updated 2019 Dec 25]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan. PubMed
2. Cuda JD, Rangwala S, Taube JM. Benign Epithelial Tumors, Hamartomas, and Hyperplasias. In: Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, Enk AH, Margolis DJ, McMichael AJ, Orringer JS. Eds. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th edition. New York, United States: McGraw-Hill.
3. Weir CB, St.Hilaire NJ. Epidermal Inclusion Cyst. [Updated 2019 Dec 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan. PubMed
4. Endrizzi B. Benign Tumors and Vascular Lesions. In: Soutor C, Hordinsky MK. Eds. Clinical Dermatology. 1st edition. New York, United States: McGraw-Hill.
5. Frank E, Macias D, Hondorp B, Kerstetter J, Inman JC. Incidental squamous cell carcinoma in an epidermal inclusion cyst: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Dermatol. 2018;10(1):61-8. doi:10.1159/000487794. PubMed Central
6. Wollina U, Langner D, Tchernev G, França K, Lotti T. Epidermoid cysts – a wide spectrum of clinical presentation and successful treatment by surgery: a retrospective 10-year analysis and literature review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(1):28–30. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.027. PubMed Central

On DermNet

• Epidermoid cyst pathology
• Cutaneous cysts and pseudocysts
• Trichilemmal cyst

Other websites

• Epidermoid cysts — Mayo Clinic Resource

Books about skin diseases

• Books about the skin
• Dermatology Made Easy book

Treatment and removal of cysts of the vulva and vagina

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Treatment of cysts and neoplasms of the external genitalia

Cysts of the external genital organs occur when the sebaceous and sweat glands are blocked, which are rich in the skin of the labia majora.

When the excretory ducts of the paraurethral glands are blocked, cysts develop, located near the external opening of the urethra. The most common cysts of the large glands of the vestibule of the vagina – the Bartholin glands.

Bartholin gland cyst occurs when the excretory duct of the gland is blocked or narrowed, which is most often caused by inflammatory processes of various origins. The cyst is located on the border of the middle and lower thirds of the labia majora. It is a tugoelastic painless formation of a round or oval shape, reaching a size of 6-7 cm.

Bartholin gland cysts are small and do not cause trouble for women. Large formations are manifested by a feeling of heaviness, tension and soreness in the vulva. With the penetration of infection into the tissues surrounding the cyst, suppuration and the development of an abscess of the large gland of the vestibule of the vagina are possible.

Most often, vaginal cysts develop from the embryonic remnants of the longitudinal ducts of the ovarian epididymis – Gartner’s passages. Gartner’s passage cyst is located in the upper third of the lateral sections of the vagina, has an elongated shape, sizes from 1 to 9-10cm and elastic consistency. Sometimes these cysts reach large sizes and go deep into the parauterine tissue. In these cases, there is difficulty and soreness of sexual intercourse, inconvenience during movement and physical activity.

Who is more likely to develop a Bartholin gland cyst?

Every woman has Bartholin’s gland, however, only 10% of them become inflamed and only 5-7% develop cysts. This is facilitated by the following factors:

• immunodeficiency states – acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, hypothermia;
• wearing synthetics – tight underwear and tight clothing;
• neglect of personal hygiene – washing should be once or twice a day, and more often during critical days;
• regular use of lubricants – they clog the ducts;
• sexual infections – promiscuity without the use of a condom, as well as infection from a permanent partner;
• endocrine pathology – diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction increase the likelihood of cyst formation and inflammation. Treatment and prevention

Prevention of the occurrence of cysts of the external genital organs includes:

• compliance with the rules of personal hygiene and hygiene of sexual life,
• protection against genital infections and sexually transmitted diseases,
• timely treatment of inflammation of the external genital organs.

Cysts are small, do not cause trouble to a woman, do not need treatment. Large cysts and cysts that are accompanied by symptoms should be removed promptly. Indications for surgical intervention are the following points:

• recurrent inflammation or abscess;
• cyst large (more than 3 cm) and obstructive,
• cyst aesthetically excites a woman,
• have concomitant oncological diseases of the labia and vulva.

Neoplasms in the female genital organs

Benign and malignant neoplasms develop on the external genitalia.

Cancer can develop from the epithelium of the labia. It is distinguished from benign tumors by the absence of clear boundaries. Outwardly, cancer resembles seaweed. Characterized by intensive growth and spread to surrounding tissues and organs: rectum, urethra, surrounding tissue. The area of ​​the pathological focus is ulcerated, purulent-bloody discharges are noted. The subjective sensations of the patient are pain and discomfort. If a woman finds pathologically altered areas, she should seek the advice of a gynecologist. Timely appeal is the key to health!

Benign formations

• Fibroma — formation of connective tissue, characterized by a smooth relief, hard or soft consistency. May have a thin or wide base.
• Fibroma is formed from the connective tissue of the labia. At the initial stage, fibromyoma looks like a small formation, painless. In the process of growth, the tumor can reach huge sizes – up to several kilograms. In advanced cases, due to insufficient blood supply, tissue necrosis may develop.
• Hemangioma occurs in congenital anomalies of the mucous membranes or blood vessels of the skin of the vulva and vagina. It is possible to spread hemangiomas to the body, cervix, ulceration and destruction of tissues.
• Lipoma develops from adipose tissue on the labia majora or in the pubic region. Education has a soft texture, not soldered to the skin, mobile.
• Hydradenoma develops from sweat gland elements. Localized on the labia majora or in the pubic area. It looks like a multiple nodular rash of a rounded, flat or oval shape. The color of hydroadenomas can vary from pink-yellow to brown.

Treatment of benign neoplasms

After an accurate diagnosis is made, the doctor prescribes the appropriate treatment for the patient. One of the most important components of effective treatment is removal of neoplasm . The most common method of treatment is surgery. Tumors on the leg are excised at the base. Neoplasms that are located in the thickness of the tissues are subject to husking with suturing the bed.

The Olivia Medical Clinic presents several methods for removing neoplasms. In each case, the method is selected by the attending physician, based on the individual characteristics of the patient and the nature of the neoplasms.

Rehabilitation after removal of neoplasms by each of the methods depends on the individual characteristics of the woman. On average, complete tissue healing occurs in a month. The first month after removal, it is necessary to observe sexual rest (refrain from having sex), limit physical activity, and exclude the use of tampons.

Removal of neoplasms guarantees a woman a return to a normal sexual life, as well as:

• relief from pain and discomfort
• preventing the risk of developing cancer
• elimination of possible causes of infertility, etc.