Diffuse Spondylosis: Understanding Cervical Spondylosis Symptoms and Causes

23.05.202208.06.2023 by alexxlab

What are the symptoms of cervical spondylosis. How does spinal osteoarthritis develop. What regions of the spine can spondylosis affect. How common is spondylosis in older adults. What treatment options are available for managing spondylosis symptoms.

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What is Spondylosis and How Does it Affect the Spine?

Spondylosis, also known as spinal osteoarthritis, is a degenerative condition that affects the bones, joints, and discs of the spine as we age. It’s a form of arthritis that specifically targets the spine, causing wear and tear on the vertebrae and the cushioning discs between them.

While often associated with older adults, spondylosis can begin to develop much earlier in life:

Patients typically report first symptoms between ages 20-50
Over 80% of people over 40 show evidence on X-rays
Up to 75% of people over 60 may have spinal osteoarthritis

Spondylosis can affect any region of the spine, including:

Cervical (neck)
Thoracic (upper, mid-back)
Lumbar (lower back)
Lumbosacral (low back/sacrum)

The Anatomy of Spondylosis: How Spinal Degeneration Occurs

To understand spondylosis, it’s crucial to grasp the spine’s structure. The spine consists of 33 vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs. These discs act as shock absorbers and allow for spinal flexibility. As we age, several changes occur:

Discs begin to dry out and lose their shock-absorbing capability
More pressure is placed on vertebrae and facet joints
Cartilage in facet joints breaks down
Bones may rub together, forming bone spurs

Dr. Barrett Woods, a board-certified orthopedic surgeon, explains that as cartilage surfaces break down, “bones rub together, which can form bone spurs or enlarge the joint (hypertrophy) in an attempt to stabilize the segment.”

Recognizing the Symptoms: How Spondylosis Manifests in Different Spinal Regions

Spondylosis can affect various parts of the spine, with symptoms varying based on the location. The most common areas affected are the neck (cervical spondylosis) and lower back (lumbar spondylosis). Symptoms may include:

Neck pain and stiffness
Lower back pain
Numbness or tingling in extremities
Weakness in arms or legs
Headaches (particularly with cervical spondylosis)

Is spondylosis always painful? Not necessarily. Many people with spondylosis experience no pain at all, while others may have severe discomfort. The severity of symptoms can vary greatly from person to person.

Diagnosing Spondylosis: From X-rays to MRIs

Diagnosing spondylosis typically involves a combination of physical examination and imaging tests. The diagnostic process may include:

Medical history review
Physical examination
X-rays to visualize bone changes
MRI scans to assess soft tissue damage
CT scans for detailed bone imaging

How accurate are X-rays in diagnosing spondylosis? While X-rays can show bone changes associated with spondylosis, they may not reveal the full extent of soft tissue damage. That’s why MRI scans are often used in conjunction with X-rays for a more comprehensive diagnosis.

Treatment Options: Managing Spondylosis Symptoms

While there’s no cure for spondylosis, various treatment options can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Treatment approaches may include:

Physical therapy to improve flexibility and strength
Pain medications (over-the-counter or prescription)
Hot and cold therapy
Exercise and weight management
Lifestyle modifications
In severe cases, surgical intervention

Do most patients with spondylosis require surgery? No, surgery is typically reserved for severe cases where conservative treatments have failed to provide relief. The majority of patients can manage their symptoms effectively with non-surgical treatments.

Preventing Spondylosis: Lifestyle Choices for Spinal Health

While spondylosis is often a natural part of aging, certain lifestyle choices can help maintain spinal health and potentially slow its progression:

Regular exercise to strengthen core and back muscles
Maintaining good posture
Eating a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
Quitting smoking
Maintaining a healthy weight

Can lifestyle changes reverse spondylosis? While lifestyle changes can’t reverse existing damage, they can help prevent further degeneration and manage symptoms effectively.

Living with Spondylosis: Coping Strategies and Quality of Life

For many people, living with spondylosis means adapting to changes and finding ways to maintain a high quality of life. Some strategies include:

Developing a consistent exercise routine
Using ergonomic furniture and tools
Practicing stress-reduction techniques like meditation
Joining support groups to connect with others
Working closely with healthcare providers to manage symptoms

How can individuals with spondylosis maintain an active lifestyle? With proper management and care, many people with spondylosis can continue to lead active lives. It’s important to work with healthcare providers to develop a personalized plan that balances activity with rest and incorporates appropriate treatments.

The Role of Physical Therapy in Spondylosis Management

Physical therapy plays a crucial role in managing spondylosis symptoms and improving overall spinal health. A tailored physical therapy program may include:

Stretching exercises to improve flexibility
Strengthening exercises for core and back muscles
Posture correction techniques
Manual therapy to improve joint mobility
Education on proper body mechanics

How often should individuals with spondylosis engage in physical therapy? The frequency of physical therapy sessions can vary based on individual needs and the severity of symptoms. Initially, sessions may be more frequent, with a gradual transition to a home exercise program under the guidance of a physical therapist.

Emerging Treatments: New Approaches to Spondylosis Management

As research in spinal health continues to advance, new treatments for spondylosis are emerging. Some promising areas include:

Regenerative medicine techniques like stem cell therapy
Advanced pain management procedures
Minimally invasive surgical techniques
Wearable technology for posture correction and pain management

Are these new treatments widely available? Many of these treatments are still in research phases or limited to specialized centers. It’s important to discuss the latest treatment options with a spine specialist to determine the most appropriate approach for individual cases.

Spondylosis and Comorbidities: Understanding Related Health Conditions

Spondylosis often doesn’t occur in isolation. It can be associated with or exacerbated by other health conditions, including:

Obesity
Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
Osteoporosis
Fibromyalgia

How do these comorbidities impact spondylosis treatment? The presence of comorbidities can complicate spondylosis management and may influence treatment choices. A comprehensive approach that addresses all health issues is often necessary for optimal outcomes.

The Psychological Impact of Chronic Spinal Pain

Living with chronic pain from spondylosis can have significant psychological effects. Common issues include:

Depression
Anxiety
Sleep disturbances
Reduced social interaction
Decreased quality of life

How can individuals address the psychological aspects of spondylosis? A multidisciplinary approach that includes mental health support, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or mindfulness practices, can be beneficial in managing the psychological impact of chronic pain.

Spondylosis in the Workplace: Ergonomics and Accommodations

For many individuals with spondylosis, workplace accommodations can significantly improve comfort and productivity. Key considerations include:

Ergonomic chairs and desks
Standing desks or sit-stand workstations
Proper computer monitor positioning
Regular movement breaks
Assistive devices for specific tasks

What legal rights do employees with spondylosis have regarding workplace accommodations? In many countries, including the United States, employers are required to provide reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities, which can include chronic conditions like spondylosis. It’s important for employees to communicate their needs and work with their employers to find suitable solutions.

Future Directions: Research and Hope for Spondylosis Patients

As our understanding of spinal health continues to evolve, researchers are exploring new avenues for spondylosis treatment and prevention. Areas of focus include:

Advanced imaging techniques for earlier diagnosis
Gene therapy to address genetic factors in spondylosis development
Innovative drug therapies to slow cartilage degeneration
Artificial disc technology for improved surgical outcomes
Personalized medicine approaches based on individual risk factors

What can patients expect from future spondylosis treatments? While many of these research areas are still in early stages, they offer hope for more effective and personalized treatments in the future. Patients should stay informed about new developments and discuss emerging options with their healthcare providers.

In conclusion, while spondylosis is a common condition that can significantly impact quality of life, advances in understanding and treatment offer hope for improved management and outcomes. By staying informed, working closely with healthcare providers, and adopting healthy lifestyle practices, individuals with spondylosis can take proactive steps towards maintaining spinal health and overall well-being.

Spondylosis Center – Spinal Osteoarthritis

Medically Reviewed

Spondylosis, or spinal osteoarthritis, is a painful condition that’s caused by aging and wear-and-tear on the spine. There’s no cure but it can be managed.

Updated Mar 30, 2021

Medical ReviewerCholl W. Kim, M.D., Ph.D.

Spondylosis can feel like a metaphor for the aging process. That slow march of wear and tear is happening to us all, whether we feel it or see it. One day you look in the mirror and think, “Where’d all this salt-and-pepper hair come from?” Spondylosis can be sneaky like that, except instead of grey hairs you get back pain. Yay.

Technically, spondylosis is a form of arthritis—spinal osteoarthritis (osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis) to be exact. We tend to think of arthritis as something you get in your hands and knees, but the spine, and all of its bones and joints, can fall victim to its grip as well. And yes, while it’s most likely to affect people in the 60-plus range, patients typically report their first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 50 years (massive range, right?).

More than 80% of people older than 40 years show evidence of the condition on X-rays. Lumbar, or lower back, spondylosis is especially common in people older than 40 years. According to the Arthritis Foundation, spinal osteoarthritis may affect as many as 75% of everyone over the age of 60.

Nobody (except little kids) wants to get older, but you have to. But you don’t have to get spondylosis, and if you do get it, you don’t have to let it destroy your quality of life. Here’s everything you need to know about spondylosis: Its causes and symptoms, how it’s diagnosed, and maybe most important, how to manage and prevent it.

Spondylosis describes the general degeneration of the spine that can occur in joints, discs, and bones of the spine as we age.

“Arthritis” is an umbrella term for more than 100 conditions that cause painful joints, and in the case of spondylosis, the spine is full of joints that can be affected. Osteoarthritis—which is what spondylosis is—is the most common type.

Bones in a joint need to glide smoothly together. Articular cartilage, which is cartilage that wraps the ends of bones in a joint, allows that smooth gliding and helps prevent painful and damaging bone-on-bone contact. Osteoarthritis is the gradual breakdown of this cartilage. It’s also known as wear-and-tear arthritis, because it just sort of happens naturally over a lifetime of joint movement.

Your spine is a column made of 33 bones called vertebrae. Cushion-like pads called discs are tucked between most vertebrae, which protects the spine and makes it flexible. And within this column of vertebrae lies the spinal cord. Vertebrae are connected by facet joints, which are the victims in spondylosis.

Spondylosis is common, but it is usually not serious. Many who have it experience no pain, though it can be painful for some. Most patients with spinal osteoarthritis will not need surgery. However, it is a degenerative condition that may worsen as a person grows older, and can affect any region of the spine, including:

Cervical — neck
Thoracic — upper, mid-back
Lumbar — low back
Lumbosacral — low back/sacrum

To better understand the implications of spondylosis, it helps to learn about the challenges that can arise. Intervertebral discs serve as the cushion between the bone and function as a major shock absorber by retaining water. As we age, the discs begin to dry out and, as a result, can lose their shock-absorbing capability, transmitting more load to the vertebrae, sometimes resulting in bone spur formation (that’s degenerative disc disease, or DDD). Our bodies respond to stress by forming bone in an attempt to stabilize the segment.

Bone spurs can pinch a spinal nerve root and cause inflammation and pain. Photo Source: SpineUniverse.com.

Spinal osteoarthritis also affects the facet joints of the vertebrae — which is why it is also known as facet joint syndrome, facet joint arthritis, or facet disease. And, DDD may contribute to the problem. As the discs between the vertebrae become thinner, more pressure is placed on the facet joints, leading to more friction and, subsequently, damage to the cartilage.

Barrett Woods, M.D., a board certified orthopedic surgeon with Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at AtlantiCare, and assistant professor of spine surgery at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, says that in facet joints, just like a knee or hip, “the cartilage surfaces breaks down, causing bones to rub together, which can form bone spurs or enlarge the joint (hypertrophy) in an attempt to stabilize the segment. ”

The most common symptoms of spondylosis.

While spondylosis can affect the joints anywhere along the spine, it occurs more commonly in the neck and low back. The neck is susceptible because it supports the head’s weight throughout a wide range of movement—according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, more than 85% of those over the age of 60 have cervical spondylosis. The low back is at risk because it manages and distributes most of the body’s weight and related structural stresses. More than 80% of those over the age of 40 may have lumbar spondylosis in the United States, though the majority are asymptomatic (have no symptoms and feel no pain).

Although many with the condition do experience varying levels of discomfort, the positive news is that spondylosis does not always cause pain. According to Dr. Woods, “when spondylosis of the spine does result in pain, it is non-radiating, but can affect range of motion. If the spondylosis progresses to compressing the nerves in the neck or lower back, it will likely result in pain numbness or weakness in the arms and legs. ”

Common symptoms can include:

Stiffness, particularly after periods of inactivity or rest, such as waking up after a nap.
Paresthesias, or abnormal sensations, may develop — such as numbness or tingling.
Limited range of motion in affected joints.
Pain can result from a bulging or herniated disc that impinges or pinches a spinal nerve (see diagram below). Nerves compressed in the neck can cause neck pain to radiate down into the shoulder, arm, and hand. Similarly, if the low back is affected, the patient may experience buttock pain and sciatica, a type of nerve-related leg pain.

While not as common, Dr. Woods pointed out that “spondylosis can affect the alignment of the back, which can make it difficult to stand upright.”

While spondylosis is often associated with aging, certain genetic predispositions, and injuries may increase a person’s risk of developing spinal osteoarthritis. Aside from normal wear and tear and specific autoimmune triggers, in many cases of spondylosis, the cause remains unknown.

According to Dr. Jacob LaSalle, board certified anesthesiologist and pain medicine specialist at Hudson Medical, common risk factors include:

Age
Being overweight or obese
Sedentary lifestyle with little or no exercise
Smoking
Having certain conditions like diabetes, gout, psoriasis, tuberculosis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and Lyme disease
Overuse, high-impact activities, and repeat occupational trauma

To diagnose spinal osteoarthritis, a doctor will need to conduct a physical and neurological examination — and look closely at a patient’s spine and range of motion when bending forward, backward, and side-to-side. The physician will note the shape of the spine, including any abnormal curvatures, and will palpate or feel the spine to detect any tender spots, muscle tightness, spasms, bumps, or areas of inflammation.

Your physician will evaluate your pain level, along with other symptoms such as weakness or paresthesias, and take X-rays to detect bone spurs or loss of disc height, which can be a sign of degenerative disc disease. Your doctor may also order a CT (computerized tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to view degenerative changes and abnormalities in the spine’s soft tissues. Depending on your symptoms, you may undergo other diagnostic tests.

Nonoperative Treatments

What Are Some Common Nonoperative Spondylosis Treatment Options?

X-rays can show bone spurs, while other types of imaging can depict soft tissue changes.

“Spondylosis is treated with a multi-modal therapeutic approach, which best addresses the multi-faceted nature of the disease,” said Dr. LaSalle. “Physical therapy is a cornerstone of treatment in most cases, which helps to protect and strengthen the vulnerable areas of the spine. Complementary and alternative treatments such as massage and acupuncture can also be utilized as part of a holistic treatment approach. “

The overall goal of nonoperative treatment is to improve the strength and coordination of the muscles that surround the spine so they can act like the world’s greatest back and neck brace. Luckily, most patients respond favorably to nonsurgical treatments like anti-inflammatory medication, physical therapy, and injections.

Analgesics or pain medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, and muscle relaxants are common first-line medical treatments. In more severe or stubborn cases “low doses of opioids and more potent analgesics may be used,” according to Dr. LaSalle.
Injection therapy is considered “middle of the road” treatment, as it is more invasive than other therapies. Nerve blocks, steroid injections, and trigger point injections are just a few types of injections used to treat spinal pain—but they can only be given every few months.
Radiofrequency ablation of the nerves that innervate the painful and arthritic joints of the spine (usually facet joints) can provide pain relief for three to six months by stopping nerves from transmitting pain signals to the brain.
Physical therapy may include ice, heat, massage, and ultrasound.
Stretching and warm-up movement (as tolerated) helps ready the body for more active exercise.
Strengthening exercises can help improve spinal flexibility, build strength, and endurance.
No-impact aerobic exercise improves overall circulation, resting muscle tone (which leads to better posture), and decreases inflammation
Weight loss may help reduce pain.
Improving and maintaining good posture can help prevent pain flare-ups, and can be taught alongside other useful tips to help patients move without exacerbating pain.

If you are diagnosed with spondylosis, we want you to know that spine surgery is seldom needed to treat spinal osteoarthritis that develops in the neck or back. However, in some cases, spondylosis symptoms can become progressively worse to the point that first-line therapies and middle-of-the-road treatments do not provide adequate pain or symptom relief.

Dr. Woods shared that “common reasons for surgery include nerve or spinal cord compression, which, if it becomes severe, can lead to significant arm or leg weakness and numbness. In some of these cases, back or neck surgery may be recommended.”

Surgery for spondylosis has two main components—removing what is causing pain and fusing the spine to control movement—and are respectively known as decompression and stabilization surgery.

Dr. Woods added, “if there is mechanical instability or misalignment due to the degenerative changes, surgery may be indicated.” He emphasized that the goal of surgery for spondylosis is to remove pressure from the nerves or spinal cord, which can be accomplished in several ways, but most commonly looks to remove bone spurs or herniated discs.

Some of the more common surgical interventions for spondylosis include:

Decompression surgeries to remove bones spurs (foraminotomy), herniated discs (discectomy), or part of the vertebra (facetectomy)
Stabilization surgery like spinal fusion to stabilize vertebral segments using bone graft and hardware if they are moving abnormally.
In some patients, disc replacement may be a good option, especially if you want to avoid fusion and spare motion.

Often, a decompression and fusion are done simultaneously. If a spinal surgical procedure is being considered, your doctor will look at many different factors, like your overall health, to evaluate if you are a good candidate for surgery and decide on the best type of surgery for your situation.

“While generally lacking robust clinical studies to support their efficacy, many complementary and alternative treatments have been used effectively to relieve pain related to spondylosis and degenerative conditions of the spine,” shared Dr. LaSalle. Some of these treatments include chiropractic manipulation, massage therapy, hypnotherapy, cryotherapy, and psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and biofeedback.

Newer treatments include platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, stem cell injections, and laser endoscopic annuloplasty surgery. However, these treatments need to be studied more before they’re adopted into widespread use. They’re also not typically covered by insurance, meaning the whole cost will be on you to pay. Proceed with caution.

One of the safest and viable treatment options for anyone suffering from spondylosis is acupuncture. “While high-quality clinical trials have not definitively shown a benefit, copious anecdotal reports and case series have demonstrated positive clinical outcomes, which given its low-risk profile, render it an intervention worth considering as part of a multi-modal treatment approach for degenerative conditions of the spine,” added Dr. LaSalle. “Potential therapeutic mechanisms include modulation of local blood flow and modulation of the body’s endogenous opioid and analgesic mechanisms.”

Lifestyle Changes

What Lifestyle Changes Can Help Prevent Spondylosis?

Acupuncture is an effective complementary and alternative treatment for many people with spondylosis.

“Osteoarthritis, spondylosis, and softening happen to us all as we age,” commented Dr. Woods, “but being active and living a healthy lifestyle can help slow the onset of them or make them less severe.” You know what that means because you’ve read it a million times, but we’ll say it again: eat a balanced diet and do regular physical activity to maintain a healthy weight. Dr. Woods added that “there is some solid data which supports that an anti-inflammatory diet might decrease pain.”

Dr. LaSalle advises that “reducing emotional and physical stress through mindfulness and stress-reduction strategies” is key to mitigating or preventing spondylosis. Smoking? Stop. Seriously.

Finally, you need to keep your mind right. Part of that is being proactive with your treatment strategies. If you’re not doing much besides watching your condition degenerate, that takes both a physical and emotional toll, which can accelerate your disease. It’s a feedback loop: Your back hurts, your feel lousy, you get stressed and depressed, your back hurts more, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera.

Luckily, though, the reverse is also true. When you’re taking charge of your treatment and it’s starting to take some of your pain away—or you’re proactively ruling out ineffective treatment strategies and trying new therapies—your body and your mind benefit. You have more physical and mental resources to put toward your recovery, so your back feels better and you feel less stressed and more hopeful.

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When Back Pain May Mean Arthritis: Arthritis Foundation. When Back Pain May Mean Arthritis | Arthritis Foundation. https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/healthy-living/managing-pain/pain-relief-solutions/injections-and-implants-for-back-pain. Accessed August 16, 2020.
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Notes: This article was originally published November 2, 2009 and most recently updated March 30, 2021.

Our Review Process

Causes, risk factors, and symptoms

Spondylosis is a type of arthritis spurred by wear and tear to the spine. It happens when discs and joints degenerate, when bone spurs grow on the vertebrae, or both. These changes can impair the spine’s movement and affect the nerves and other functions.

Cervical spondylosis is the most common type of progressive disorder that affects the neck during aging.

According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, more than 85 percent of people older than 60 have cervical spondylosis.

Other types of spondylosis develop in different parts of the spine:

Thoracic spondylosis affects the middle of the spine.
Lumbar spondylosis affects the lower back.
Multilevel spondylosis affects more than one part of the spine.

The effects of spondylosis vary among individuals, but they do not usually cause serious problems.

When a person has symptoms, these are often pain and stiffness that tend to come and go.

Spinal osteoarthritis is another term for spondylosis. Osteoarthritis describes arthritis that results from wear and tear. It can affect any joint in the body.

Share on PinterestSpondylosis happens when the discs and joints of the spine degenerate with age.

The spine helps give the body structure and supports most of its weight. It also carries and protects almost all of the main nerve branches that run from the brain.

The spine curved, not straight, and the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar parts of the spine contain 24 bones known as vertebrae.

Between these vertebrae are joints that allow the spine to move flexibly. These are called the facet joints.

Also, soft, rubbery tissue called intervertebral discs separate the vertebrae. These consist of cartilage endplates and a tough exterior, the annulus fibrosus, surrounding an inner core, the nucleus pulposus.

Intervertebral discs help achieve smooth movement, and they cushion against any impact on the bones.

As a person ages, the discs become drier, thinner, and harder, and they lose some of their cushioning ability. This is why an older person is more likely to have a compression fracture of the vertebra than a younger person.

A vertebral compression fracture results from bone collapsing in the spine. It commonly occurs with osteoporosis.

The facet joints between the vertebrae also function less well with age because of wear and tear on their cartilage surfaces.

As the cartilage erodes, the bones start to rub together, causing friction. This can result in the formation of bony growths, called bone spurs.

The loss of rubbery tissues and the development of spurs make the spine stiffer. Back movement also becomes less smooth, and friction increases.

Daily wear and tear over time is the general cause of spondylosis.

These changes affect people differently, depending on each individual’s risk factors.

Risk factors include:

having a genetic tendency
having obesity or being overweight
having a sedentary lifestyle with a lack of exercise
having injured the spine or undergone spinal surgery
smoking
having a job that requires repetitive or weight-bearing movements that involve the spine
having a mental health condition, such as anxiety or depression
having psoriatic arthritis

Share on PinterestSymptoms can include weakness and tingling in the limbs.

Most people with age-related spondylosis do not experience any symptoms. Some people have symptoms for a while, but then they go away. Sometimes, a sudden movement can trigger symptoms.

Common symptoms are stiffness and mild pain that gets worse following certain movements or long periods without moving, while sitting for a long time, for example.

More severe symptoms include:

a grinding or popping feeling when moving the spine
weakness in the hands or legs
poor coordination
muscle spasms and pain
headaches
loss of balance and difficulty walking
loss of bladder or bowel control

Some initial changes or symptoms help doctors determine what type of spondylosis a person has. In other people, these same issues can develop as complications, according to research published in the BMJ in 2007.

Below, find examples of these kinds of changes:

Spinal stenosis: This is a narrowing of the canal that carries the spinal cord nerves. Symptoms include pain in the neck or back that may extend down the leg, problems with the feet, and numbness or weakness.

Cervical radiculopathy: Changes in a disc or the bone can cause nerves in the spine to become pinched, leading to shooting pain, numbness, and hypersensitivity.

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: This involves the spinal cord becoming compressed, or squeezed. Symptoms include pain and numbness in the limbs, a loss of coordination in the hands, imbalance and difficulty walking, and in the later stages, bladder problems.

Scoliosis: Research suggests that there may be a link between degeneration of the facet joints and scoliosis in adults.

These changes can make other symptoms worse. The location of symptoms such as pain will depend on the part of the spine that spondylosis affects.

Most cases of spondylosis produce only mild, occasional stiffness and pain, and they do not need treatment.

Home remedies

If a person experiences pain, they can try the following:

Over-the-counter pain relief medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may help.
Keeping physically active: Low-impact exercise, such as swimming or walking, can help with maintaining flexibility and strengthening the muscles that support the spine.
Improving posture: Slouching, for example, can make the pain worse.
Physical therapy: A physical therapist may suggest specific exercises or massage.
Back support: A person may need to choose a chair or mattress that supports their back better.
Rest during periods of inflammation: When symptoms are troublesome, try resting for a while.

Alternative treatments

Share on PinterestReceiving a massage from a trained provider may help relieve discomfort.

Some people use the following to manage symptoms:

acupuncture
chiropractic treatment
massage
ultrasound treatment
electrical stimulation

Research indicates that some of these may provide relief for nerve pain or damage that stems from the neck.

Medications

If pain is severe or persistent, a doctor may suggest:

prescription pain relief medication
muscle-relaxants, to reduce spasms
drugs that ease nerve pain
topical creams
steroid medications, either in pills or as injections, when pain is severe
an injection that combines steroid and anesthetic medication

A steroid injection aims to relieve pain by reducing inflammation. Using X-ray guidance, the doctor will inject the steroid into the roots of the affected nerves.

However, steroids can also have adverse effects, so a doctor will usually try to limit their use.

It is essential to follow the doctor’s advice when using medications.

A doctor will only suggest surgery if symptoms are severe and persistent and if no other treatment has helped.

A person might need surgery if pinched nerves result in serious numbness, weakness, or loss of bowel or bladder control, and if the damage is likely to get worse without surgery.

The type of surgery will depend on the problem and its location. A doctor can identify the affected areas with imaging technology, such as X-rays.

Surgery might involve removing a disc or piece of bone that is pressing against the nerves, then fusing nearby vertebrae. Or, a surgeon may replace a damaged disc with an artificial one.

In the past, spinal surgery was a major procedure. Now, endoscopic — or keyhole — surgery may be an option. This is far less invasive than open surgery.

According to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, minimally invasive spinal surgery involves fewer risks, because:

The incision is smaller.
There is less blood loss during surgery.
There is less chance of muscle damage.
Recovery is faster.
A doctor can use a local anesthetic.

Also, there is a reduced risk of pain and infection after surgery and less need for medication.

Minimally invasive spinal surgery is often an outpatient procedure, which means that many people return home the same day.

However, most people with spondylosis do not need surgery. A doctor will discuss the risks of spinal surgery, compared with the potential benefits.

Spondylosis is a common problem that affects the spine, and most people are likely to develop some degree of spondylosis as they get older. Many will not experience symptoms, or symptoms will be mild.

However, if pain is severe and numbness and weakness affect a person’s quality of life, a doctor may recommend surgery.

symptoms, causes, diagnosis, prevention and treatment

Medical Center
Directory of Diseases
Deforming spondylosis

Deforming spondylosis is a degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the spinal column, accompanied by a slow accumulation of calcium salts along the anterior longitudinal ligament, as well as the appearance of osteophytes in the spine.

Most often, the disease is detected in middle-aged and elderly people, which is due to the physiological wear of ligaments, joints and intervertebral discs. In young people, it appears due to injuries, curvature of the spine, regular and excessive physical exertion. Pathology may not have a clinical picture or be manifested by pain, decreased mobility and fatigue.

Pathogenesis of spinal spondylosis deformans
Causes of spondylosis deformans
Signs of spondylosis deformans
Symptoms depending on the affected part of the spine
Degrees of spondylosis deformans
Diagnosis of spondylosis deformans
Treatment of spondylosis spine
Complications of spondylosis

Pathogenesis of spinal spondylosis deformans

Age-related changes start slowly after twenty years. This provokes a deterioration in the processes of blood supply, a decrease in the elasticity of the intervertebral discs, and their insufficient recovery. The aging of the body is accompanied by a decrease in the content of hyaluronic acid, glycosaminoglycans and other essential compounds in the cartilage, which leads to its gradual dehydration and destruction. Damaged cartilage cannot bear the load and cannot fully function.

In addition, due to the destruction of cartilage, cytokines begin to be released – molecules responsible for transmitting signals from one cell to another. This provokes the formation of autoantibodies. Their activity is directed against the cells of the body, which leads to local inflammation. To limit the mobility of the vertebrae and reduce the load, the body launches a protective measure – the formation of osteophytes, that is, growths of bone tissue. Osteophytes can immobilize some parts of the spine, and their effect on neighboring tissues leads to pain.

Causes of deforming spondylosis

Most often, the pathology is caused by the natural aging of the body. Over the years, the body is subjected to physical stress, which causes changes in various parts of the spine. Before signs of the disease appear, degenerative abnormalities are already developing.

They usually begin in the intervertebral discs. Therefore, people suffering from deforming spondylosis, as a rule, have osteochondrosis. Gradually, pathological changes appear not only in the intervertebral discs, but also in other components of the spinal column.

Causes of spinal spondylosis:

chronic infectious diseases;
irrational distribution of load on the spine;
regular small injuries of the longitudinal anterior ligament;
immoderate physical labor;
osteochondrosis;
metabolic abnormalities;
hypothermia;
hereditary tendency;
curvature of the spine, such as scoliosis;
insufficient physical activity;
herniated discs;
prolonged stay of the body in one position.

Signs of spondylosis deformans

The disease proceeds for a long time without symptoms or with minimal signs. If a person does not have concomitant pathologies of the spine, past injuries, then destructive disorders progress for a long time and may not manifest themselves for several years.

The main symptom of spondylosis is stiffness of movement in a certain part of the spine. Also, the patient is worried about heaviness in the back and pain, which intensifies by the end of the working day or after physical activity. If osteophytes infringe on the nerve roots, then neurological abnormalities occur: sensitivity disorders, parasthesia, and weakening of reflexes.

Symptoms, depending on the affected part of the spine

Signs of pathology depend on its location.

Cervical spondylosis deformans

The patient has pain in the neck, which can go down the arm or radiate to the shoulder. If osteophytes provoke compression of the nerve roots, then weakness in the arm is added to the pain syndrome. In some people, bony growths located in the anterior segment of the cervical region lead to dysphagia.

Thoracic spondylosis deformans

The disease has no symptoms for a long time. Gradually, its manifestations in the thoracic region increase. As a rule, pain occurs when the body is tilted forward and in the case of hyperextension. With flexion, a facet-explainable pain syndrome appears.

Lumbar spondylosis deformans

This type of pathology is usually diagnosed in people over forty years of age. It usually manifests itself as pain and stiffness in the lumbar region in the morning. Pain can occur with any activity. Repetitive movements such as lifting heavy objects and bending over often increase its intensity.

Degrees of deforming spondylosis of the spine

There are three degrees of pathology:

In case of deforming spondylosis of the 1st degree, osteophytes do not leave the boundaries of the vertebral body area and are located at the level of the limbus.

In the second stage, bony growths surround the intervertebral disc. In some cases, osteophytes form neoarthrosis.

In the third stage, a strong bone brace appears. It connects the vertebral bodies to each other and blocks the motor function.

Diagnosis of deforming spondylosis

If a person is concerned about pain and decreased mobility in the back or neck, then he needs to come to a neurologist for an examination. Often, deforming spondylosis is detected during examination for another pathology, since there are no symptoms at the initial stage of the disease.

The main diagnostic method is X-ray. The images show a decrease in the height of the vertebral discs, their deformation and the formation of osteophytes. Additionally, the doctor may refer to CT, MRI. If there are suspicions of impaired conduction of nerve impulses, then electroneurography, electromyography are performed.

Treatment of spinal spondylosis

Therapy can be conservative or surgical.

Conservative methods:

Acupuncture to reduce the severity of pain.

For severe pain, bed rest for one to three days.

Manual therapy to remove muscle blocks and increase the mobility of motor segments.

The use of medicines. Most often, NSAIDs are prescribed to stop pain and reduce inflammation. If the patient has manifestations of muscle spasm, then muscle relaxants are prescribed. For severe pain that is not controlled by NSAIDs, opioids are used intermittently.

Steroid injections to relieve pain, swelling and inflammation in the spinal roots. Such measures are usually used for 2-3 days to reduce the severity of the pathology and proceed to other methods of treatment.

exercise therapy (outside the acute period). Therapeutic exercise helps to strengthen the muscular corset, reduce pain, improve the condition of the musculoskeletal system. Exercise slows down the progression of degenerative processes.

Physiotherapy. The procedures help to reduce the intensity of pain, and also have a beneficial effect on the course of the pathology.

With deforming spondylosis, it is recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right.

Surgery is indicated for persistent, refractory neurological symptoms. Surgical intervention is reduced to decompression of nerve structures.

Some patients undergo spinal fusion to stabilize their vertebrae. In any case, priority is given to minimally invasive interventions, in which tissue traumatization is minimal.

Complications of spondylosis

Complications of the disease are different and depend on the affected area.

Thus, the progression of lumbar deforming spondylosis can lead to complications, the most serious of which is radicular syndrome. It develops due to compression of the spinal roots and is manifested by impaired motor function, up to paralysis of the limb, as well as deviations in the functioning of the organs of the pelvic region.

Lumbar spondylosis can lead to deformation of the spinal column, which provokes a decrease in the range of motion in it. Sometimes the patient is not even able to perform simple actions, for example, tilt the torso forward or sideways, tie shoelaces.

Although spondylosis deformans progresses very slowly, its consequences can be serious. Therefore, do not delay visiting a doctor.

Contact the rehabilitation clinic in Khamovniki. Our doctors will diagnose using high-precision equipment and prescribe treatment.

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symptoms, causes, diagnosis, prevention and treatment

Medical Center
Directory of Diseases
Deforming spondylosis

Pathogenesis of spinal spondylosis deformans
Causes of spondylosis deformans
Signs of spondylosis deformans
Symptoms depending on the affected part of the spine
Degrees of spondylosis deformans
Diagnosis of spondylosis deformans
Treatment of spondylosis spine
Complications of spondylosis