STD Vaginal Discharge | Yellow STD Discharge

Medically reviewed by Rosanna Sutherby, PharmD on March 12, 2020. Written by Karen Eisenbraun. To give you technically accurate, evidence-based information, content published on the Everlywell blog is reviewed by credentialed professionals with expertise in medical and bioscience fields.

Table of contents

• What Does Discharge Look Like?
• The Vaginal Microflora and STDs
• STDs and Vaginal Discharges
• What Should You Do If You Notice an Unusual Discharge?
• How to Avoid STDs
• Related Content

As any woman knows first-hand, vaginal discharges are a pretty common occurrence. And, most of the time, a normal vaginal discharge is nothing to be alarmed about. For one, discharges help keep the vagina clean and free of harmful pathogens.

But maybe you’ve noticed something…different…about your vaginal discharge. Perhaps there’s an unusual odor—or the color of the discharge isn’t the translucent white or clear color that it normally is. Maybe you even have flu-like symptoms, painful urination, or vaginal itching. You don’t know if it’s a urinary tract infection, a yeast infection, or something else.

If that’s something you’re experiencing, it may be time to get tested for STDs (also known as sexually transmitted infections or STIs).

Test For STDs From Home

Here’s the reason why you might want to look into STD testing: a number of STDs can cause distinct changes in vaginal discharges—altering the color, scent, and more. That’s because several STDs can affect something called the “vaginal microflora.”

Several STDs can negatively affect something called the “vaginal microflora,” a community of good, helpful bacteria. This can result in a distinct vaginal discharge. Whether it’s a frothy discharge or a green, chunky discharge, it’ll probably be easy to see that your vaginal discharge isn’t what it’s typically like. In this guide, we’ll explain the difference between normal discharge and discharges caused by a sexually transmitted disease so you can take next steps if necessary—like testing and treatment.

What Does Discharge Look Like?

Vaginal discharge is the result of the cervix cleaning and maintaining itself to stay healthy. During this process, the cervix sheds vaginal cells, cervical mucus, and vaginal fluids which results in a white, opaque substance. Women who haven’t yet reached menopause typically experience discharge because it’s a natural part of the body’s functions.

What color is discharge and what is it supposed to look like?

The answer to that will vary from person-to-person, but most women have a white vaginal discharge. As soon as a women’s menstrual cycle ends, her discharge will be minimal. By the time of ovulation during her cycle, many will notice a stringy discharge and it may even begin to thicken.

However, it’s important to note that women on oral contraceptives may have a reduced amount of discharge, making it harder to identify what “normal” is for you. However, if you are experiencing a yellow, brown discharge or even an orange discharge color, it may mean you have a sexually transmitted infection. Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis infections can all cause changes in a woman’s discharge. (Related: Chlamydia & Gonorrhea Test)

The Vaginal Microflora and STDs

You may have heard that the gut is full of friendly bacteria. The vagina, it turns out, is also inhabited by a community of good, helpful bacteria—a community known as the vaginal microflora. Scientists believe that some types of vaginal bacteria actually protect the health of your reproductive system.

These bacteria, it is thought, produce lactic acid—making the vagina a less hospitable place for germs. This, in turn, helps ward off infections of the reproductive system. However, despite this, infections can still occur.

Case in point: STDs.

Some STDs—though not all—can change the vagina’s microflora community by populating it with an army of hostile pathogens (“pathogen” simply refers to very tiny organisms, like bacteria or viruses, that cause disease). If that’s happened, then you might notice that your vagina’s discharges—which largely consist of vaginal bacteria—are a little different than usual. Maybe the color of the discharge is yellow or green. There could be an odd smell, too. These are all signs of an STD discharge.

These changes can cause orange vaginal discharge, chunky yellow discharge, and other abnormal discharges. A change in how your discharge smells—such as having a foul odor—is another sign your abnormal discharge might be due to an STD. So, if that’s what your discharges have been like lately, it could be because you’ve got an STD lurking in your vaginal microflora.

But abnormal vaginal discharges aren’t only associated with STDs. In fact, there are quite a number of possible reasons why your discharge might seem unusual—in terms of its color, scent, texture, or volume. That being said, though, you can look for clues in your discharge—clues which hint at the possibility of an STD.

So read on to find out more about STD symptoms and discharges—including what STD-related discharges look like—to help you decide if it’s time to get tested.

STDs and Vaginal Discharges

Only some STDs are known to noticeably affect vaginal discharges. There are 3 such STDs to be exact: trichomoniasis (or “trich”), chlamydia, and gonorrhea.

Let’s consider each of these STDs in turn—and the effects they can have on vaginal discharges.

Trichomoniasis and Vaginal Discharges

If you’ve recently been infected with trichomoniasis, then your discharge might be yellow-greenish in color—or, perhaps, just yellow. Your discharge could be frothy—or filled with tiny bubbles—and may have a distinct odor as well (which is often described as “fishy”). Additionally, you may experience a heavier discharge than normal—particularly as you near your menstrual cycle.

This picture changes a bit if you’re experiencing a chronic, long-term trich infection—in which case, you might see mucus mixed in with your discharge.

According to the CDC, approximately 70% of people infected with trichomoniasis do not show any symptoms. So you can still have trich even if you don’t have any abnormal discharges! Further, it’s impossible to diagnose trichomoniasis solely on the basis of external symptoms. Thus, if you suspect you have a trich infection, it’s a good idea to take a trichomoniasis test or get tested for STDs—something you can now do with a convenient, at-home female STD test kit.

Check For Common STDs Today!

Chlamydia and Vaginal Discharge

Any woman who is sexually active can get a chlamydial infection. You’re especially at risk if your age falls between 20 and 24.

Chlamydia is one sneaky—but common—STD because it rarely comes with any obvious symptoms (in fact, up to 80% of women infected with chlamydia do not have STD symptoms, according to one study).

That’s not the only thing that makes chlamydia an insidious STD, either: left untreated, a chlamydial infection can seriously hurt a woman’s reproductive system—which can result in infertility—or cause an ectopic pregnancy (also known as an extrauterine pregnancy). Chlamydia in women can also result in pelvic inflammatory disease—leading to chronic pelvic pain.

The good news is that, once detected, chlamydia can be effectively treated. So, because chlamydia presents a real danger to a woman’s health—and because it is a curable bacterial infection—the CDC recommends that women under 25 get an annual screening for chlamydia.

Chlamydia infections do occasionally present with symptoms—like mucus- and pus-containing cervical discharges, which can come out as an abnormal vaginal discharge in some women. So, what does a chlamydia discharge look like? A chlamydia discharge is often yellow in color and has a strong odor. A symptom that frequently co-occurs with this discharge is painful urination that often has a burning sensation in the genital area.

Gonorrhea and Vaginal Discharges

Like chlamydia, gonorrhea doesn’t always make itself known with immediately obvious symptoms. And also like chlamydia, gonorrhea discharges are frequently filled with mucus and pus—and commonly has a cloudy appearance—and can range from white to yellow to green in color.

Another symptom you might experience if you have gonorrhea is vaginal bleeding—even when you’re not menstruating.

What should you do if you notice an unusual discharge?

If you are experiencing abnormal discharge and think it could be because of an STD, the best time to take action is now because of the long-term health consequences of untreated STDs. Talk with your healthcare provider and consider getting tested.

Regular STD testing is key: the CDC recommends that sexually active women under 25 get tested annually for chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Buy At-home STD Testing

You can test for STDs from the privacy of home with the Everlywell STD test kit—which includes a free phone consultation with a physician if you test positive for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and/or trichomoniasis.

How to Avoid STDs

To aid STD prevention, make sure you and/or your partner always use protection (like a latex condom) during sexual intercourse. Regular STD testing is another key step to take: while this won’t directly prevent STDs, it will let you know your status so you can get treatment for a sexually transmitted infection before it harms your health.

Conclusion

If you notice an unusual vaginal discharge, consult with your healthcare provider so they can evaluate your signs and symptoms and provide an accurate diagnosis.

While particular STDs can lead to abnormal vaginal discharges, a reliable diagnosis requires the use of laboratory testing techniques. But that doesn’t mean you have to personally go to a lab!

Why? Because you can test for STDs from the privacy of home with the Everlywell STD female test kit—which includes a free phone consultation with a doctor if you test positive.

Give your sexual health the care it deserves by testing with our easy-to-use, at-home STD test.

Check For STDs At Home!

How do you know if you have an STD? Female STD symptoms to look out for

Abnormal vaginal discharge: common causes, types, and treatments

STD vs. yeast infection: 4 differences in symptoms

References

1. Unraveling the Dynamics of the Human Vaginal Microbiome. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5045142/. Published 2016. Accessed March 12, 2020.

2. Spence D, Melville C. Vaginal discharge. BMJ. 2007;335(7630):1147-1151. doi:10.1136/bmj.39378.633287.80

3. Trichomoniasis – CDC Fact Sheet. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stdfact-trichomoniasis.htm. Accessed March 12, 2020.

4. Witkin SS, Minis E, Athanasiou A, Leizer J, Linhares IM. Chlamydia trachomatis: the Persistent Pathogen. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2017;24(10):e00203-17. doi:10.1128/CVI.00203-17

5. Chlamydia – CDC Fact Sheet. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm. Accessed March 12, 2020.

6. Gonorrhea – CDC Fact Sheet. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/stdfact-gonorrhea.htm. Accessed March 12, 2020.

7. Chlamydia Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stats.htm. Accessed March 12, 2020.

How do different STDs affect your vaginal discharge?

Published: 29 September 2021
Last updated: 27 October 2022
Category: Chlamydia
Written by: Dr Bani

Vaginal discharge is a normal result of a healthy reproductive system. Tracking changes in the colour, consistency, and quantity of discharge can provide you with important information about your cycle.

Similarly, unexpected changes in discharge can indicate problems within your body that need to be paid attention to. In this blog, we look at how different STDs affect vaginal discharge, so you have a better idea of what to look out for.

What is vaginal discharge?

Vaginal discharge is a type of fluid or mucus secreted by glands in the vagina and cervix. It serves the purpose of removing dead cells and keeping the vagina moist and protected from infections.

What is ‘normal’ vaginal discharge?

There are no strict guidelines as to what normal discharge is; whether or not a certain kind of discharge is normal should be judged by what is regular for you.

The NHS clarifies that any discharge that has no strong or unusual smell,  is white or clear, thick and sticky, slippery and wet is nothing to worry about.

The amount of vaginal discharge changes from person to person, it also changes in amount, colour, and consistency through the different stages of the menstrual cycle. 

How does discharge change through the menstrual cycle?

Generally, vaginal discharge is very low or even non-existent right before and after a period. As the egg starts to develop a few days after a period, the discharge becomes cloudy and white, or slightly yellow, and may feel sticky to the touch. 

As ovulation approaches, the discharge becomes thinner and slippery. At this stage, it is often described to be of egg white consistency.

After ovulation, the discharge will often become white and cloudy once again, and feel sticky. 

Does your discharge change when you have an STD?

Yes, STDs can cause your discharge to change, as pathogens (the viruses and bacteria that cause infections) replace the good bacteria normally present in your vagina. But STDs are not the only reason your discharge may change.

Pregnancy, birth control, and even sex can alter the appearance of your discharge so, how can you know if it is an STD that is causing the changes?

Below, we will cover three STDs that have recognisable effects on vaginal discharge. Please note that we will only be focusing on the changes in discharge that these STDs cause, but other symptoms may also occur when an infection is present. 

Gonorrhea

Symptoms of gonorrhea usually show within 2 to 14 days after exposure. However, some people may develop very mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. The symptoms of gonorrhea can be difficult to identify as they are similar to those of other bacterial infections, like yeast infections.  

Changes in discharge with Gonorrhea

Because gonorrhea is a bacterial infection, it disrupts the bacterial balance in your vagina. As a result, the discharge may be filled with mucus and pus, which will manifest as:

• Cloudy appearance
• Thin or watery consistency
• Yellow or greenish colour
• More vaginal discharge than regular

Chlamydia

Just like gonorrhea, chlamydia commonly does not show any symptoms of infection. However, if left untreated, it can cause severe complications. For this reason, it is recommended that sexually active people get screened regularly for chlamydia infections.

Changes in discharge with Chlamydia

When no other symptoms are present, chlamydia infections can cause the following changes to vaginal discharges.

• More vaginal discharge than normal
• Yellow and strong-smelling discharge
• This discharge may also be accompanied by burning sensations during urination
• Bleeding in between periods and after sex

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection that may cause a varying degree of symptoms, from slight irritation to severe inflammation. Just like the conditions described above, Trichomoniasis often goes undetected, but it can cause severe complications if left untreated. 

Changes in discharge with Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis infections can cause the following changes to vaginal discharges:

• Yellow or yellow-greenish discharge
• Frothy consistency – the discharge often present tiny air bubbles
• Heavier discharge than normal before your period
• A strong odour that is often described as ‘fishy’

What other conditions may cause changes in vaginal discharge?

Vaginal discharge can tell you a lot about the health of your reproductive system.

The STD described above can present clear symptoms through changes in your vaginal discharge, but as we have seen, they may sometimes be asymptomatic. 

Other infections and conditions that are not sexually transmitted (and therefore not STDs)  may also cause changes in vaginal discharge.  

Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common type of vaginal infection, caused by an imbalance of the bacteria that normally live in the vagina. BV may cause discharge that is:

• Grayish-white in colour
• Thin consistency
• Strong smelling, particularly noticeable after sex

Thrush or Yeast Infection

Yeast infections are a form of fungal infection. Yeast infections can be triggered by a number of conditions that imbalance the flora of the vagina. Thrush is not a sexually transmitted infection, but it can be transmitted or triggered by sex. The recognizable effect of thrush on vaginal discharge are:

• White vaginal discharge
• Thick consistency with a grainy texture that is similar to that of cottage cheese

What to do if your vaginal discharge changes?

If you notice sudden changes in the colour, odour, consistency, or quantity of your vaginal discharge, it is important to get to the cause of the changes as some of the STDs and infections that lead to changes in your vaginal discharge can have severe effects if left untreated.  

Confidential STD testing with Your Sexual Health

If you believe you may have contracted an STD, Your Sexual Health can help you get the result you need quickly and confidentially.

We have over 80 private STD testing clinics across the UK. Find a clinic near you and book your test today.

STDs in men and women: decoding, symptoms, treatment, prevention, list of tests and making an appointment with a doctor

STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) are a category of diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact. As a result, not only the genitals are affected, but the entire body. Today, sexually transmitted diseases are quite common. This is due to the early onset of sexual relations among young people and the frequent change of partners. The spread of disease is also facilitated by the use of hormonal and other contraceptives, which are increasingly replacing condoms. Professional and comprehensive treatment of sexually transmitted diseases allows you to quickly return to your usual way of life and forget about the unpleasant experience.

STD classification

All sexually transmitted diseases are divided into several groups:

• Fungal infections. The most popular is candidiasis. Infection is predominantly those people who often use antibiotics, suffer from reduced immunity and other concomitant pathologies
• Viral infections. These include HIV, hepatitis B, genital herpes, molluscum contagiosum, etc.
• Bacterial infections. These diseases are also very dangerous for human health and life. These include syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, etc.
• Parasitic lesions. The most common of these are pubic lice and scabies

Methods of transmission of STDs

Sexually transmitted diseases can be spread through vaginal, oral, or anal contact. Genital herpes, for example, can be contracted even by simple skin-to-skin contact (if there is even a small injury on it).

Signs of disease

The main symptoms of STDs in women and men include:

• Itching, rash in the intimate area and redness
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Painful urination
• Discomfort and pain in the groin or lower abdomen
• Change in the nature of discharge from the genitals
• Discomfort during intimacy

Each of the pathologies has a number of signs that are characteristic of it.

If you notice any unpleasant symptoms, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible, undergo an examination and take tests.

Most common STDs

Common diseases include:

• Chlamydia. The disease is transmitted only sexually. In the early stages of the pathological process, there are almost always no symptoms. As men develop, they suffer from cutting pain during the act of ejaculation and urination. Symptoms are provoked by inflammation of the epididymis and urethra. In women, the infection may not manifest itself at all, while it often becomes the cause of ectopic pregnancy and infertility
• Hepatitis B. This infectious disease leads to the destruction of liver cells. Pathology is dangerous because it can be asymptomatic for a long time and, with development, become the cause of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Infection is possible not only through sexual contact, but also at home, during injections, etc.
• Candidiasis (“thrush”). This disease is caused by yeast-like fungi, which can be actively multiplied by hypothermia, stress, hormonal changes (including during pregnancy) and other factors
• Trichomoniasis. This disease also does not manifest itself in the early stages. With the development of pathology, men complain of burning in the urethra and discharge from the penis, and women suffer from both discharge with an unpleasant odor and cutting pain during sexual intercourse
• Gonorrhea. This pathology occurs mainly in young people. In men, symptoms appear as early as 1-2 days after infection and manifest as painful and frequent urination, as well as profuse purulent discharge from the urethra. Women suffer from pain during intercourse and spotting. Patients also complain of a general deterioration in their condition
• Genital herpes. Within 1-2 days after contact, small bubbles appear on the genitals, which cause itching. After a while, the bubbles turn into sores. Patients complain of fever and swollen lymph nodes
• Syphilis. The first symptoms of this STD appear 8-12 days after infection. Rashes appear on the genitals. Also, a rash can form on the fingers and in the mouth. Often, patients note an increase in the cervical and inguinal (mainly) lymph nodes. Pathology is dangerous for a number of its complications, which include even meningitis
• Ureaplasmosis. Symptoms of pathology appear 2-3 weeks after infection. Patients complain of burning sensation during urination and cloudy discharge from the genitals. The fair sex suffers from pain in the lower abdomen. If this STD is not treated, women experience complications such as cystitis, colpitis, endometritis, etc.
• HPV (human papillomavirus). The disease can proceed without symptoms or provoke the formation of papillomas (both on the genitals and on other parts of the body)
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). This disease is the most dangerous in this category. Its first signs appear after a long time (from 3 weeks to 3 months) and only at the stage of manifestation of the pathological process. Patients complain of headaches, loss of appetite, chronic weakness and inflammation of the lymph nodes. Infection can be suspected with angina that does not go away for a long time. In the absence of adequate treatment of this STD, a number of concomitant pathologies arise in men and women: candidiasis, herpes, tuberculosis, etc. AIDS gradually develops

Diagnostics

Testing for STDs includes:

• Blood tests
• Special tests
• Swabs and cultures for microflora
• DNA diagnostics

You should consult a doctor at the first sign of a sexually transmitted infection. Men should make an appointment with a urologist and women with a gynecologist. Dermatovenereologists also provide assistance to patients with STDs. The doctor will conduct an examination and determine the list of tests that will need to be passed.

Important! As a rule, the examination is complex. This is due to the fact that there is no single universal diagnostic method, and the symptoms of many diseases are similar. The most accurate method of research is PCR. This method allows you to identify even hidden diseases, which are characterized by a course without any symptoms.

Additionally, a consultation with other doctors is often prescribed: an immunologist, a dermatologist, a proctologist, an ophthalmologist, etc. This is due to the fact that STDs affect the joints, skin, circulatory system and organs of vision.

An accurate diagnosis can only be made by a doctor!

Therapy

Treatment of STDs in women and men always involves an individual approach.

The following types of therapy are used:

• Immunostimulating
• Antiviral
• Antibacterial
• Vitamin therapy
• Physiotherapy

Patients are prescribed both drugs in the form of tablets and capsules, as well as suppositories, gels, creams and ointments. In some cases, a course of injections and droppers is recommended.

Effective treatment of STDs in men and women involves not only the elimination of symptoms and is aimed not only at the genitals, but also at correcting the general condition of the body as a whole. The duration of therapy varies depending on the severity of the patient’s condition and its individual characteristics. It usually takes 10-12 days.

Prophylaxis

The main methods of preventing STDs that prevent the need for further treatment are the use of reliable contraceptives (condoms), the rejection of promiscuity and a trusting relationship with a regular partner. To prevent recurrence of pathologies, you should regularly undergo follow-up examinations and take the necessary tests.

Benefits of treating STDs at MEDSI

• Possibility of comprehensive laboratory testing (including on an urgent basis). In the clinic, it is possible to conduct an express examination CHECK-UP in the field of urology and gynecology
• Comprehensive and individual approach to therapy
• Qualified professionals. Our gynecologists and urologists have many years of experience and will definitely select an effective treatment regimen for each patient
• Therapy Privacy
• Comfortable conditions in clinics and no queues
• International Standards of Care. Thanks to them, all risks for the patient are reduced, and the effectiveness of therapy is increased

If you want to undergo STD treatment at MEDSI, call +7 (495) 7-800-500.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs, venereal diseases) are among the most common infectious diseases worldwide. STDs are sometimes referred to as sexually transmitted infections because these conditions involve the transmission of an infectious agent between sexual partners. According to research, 20 such diseases were identified and identified.

Depending on the specific infection, it can be transmitted during any type of sexual activity, either through the genitals or through the anus or mouth; the infection can also be spread through contact with blood during sexual intercourse. STDs are rarely transmitted through other contacts (blood, bodily fluids).

STDs are often difficult to treat diseases, since often the initial period of infection proceeds without symptoms and it is not always possible to diagnose them in time. Therefore, it is often necessary to treat the complications of these infections. In addition, treatment is not always effective.

Facts about STDs

• STDs can affect both men and women of all ages and backgrounds.
• STDs have become more common in recent years, in part because people start having sex at a younger age, have multiple partners, and do not use prevention methods to reduce their chances of contracting STDs. Also, over the past few years, there has been a marked increase in STDs in the elderly, as many of them do not use condoms.
• People can get STDs from sexual partners even if they don’t have any symptoms.
• Often, STDs (especially in women) can occur without symptoms (eg, chlamydia, genital herpes, or gonorrhea). Men can also get STDs without symptoms.
• Long-term effects of STDs tend to be more severe in women than in men. Some STDs can lead to infection and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). It is also possible to form a tubo-ovarian abscess, which can lead to scarring of the reproductive organs, which can result in an ectopic pregnancy, infertility, or even death of the woman.
• An infection such as the human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered one of the causes of cervical cancer.
• Babies can get STDs from their mother before, during or immediately after birth.
• Due to the fact that the route of infection is the same for all STDs, a person is often infected with several pathogens at once. Statistics show that almost 50% of women become infected with both gonorrhea and chlamydia during a single sexual intercourse.

Most common STDs

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is the most common curable STD bacterial infection. The infection affects the cervix in women, and in men, the urethra is affected.

Many women with chlamydia are asymptomatic. Symptoms may include pain during intercourse and discharge from the vagina or penis.

Health authorities recommend screening for chlamydia and other sexually transmitted infections if a person is under 25 years of age and is sexually active. Screening is also recommended if you have any of the following risk factors:

• A person has a new partner.
• Partner has an STI.
• Having more than one sexual partner.
• Partner has sex with other people.

Chlamydia can cause significant long-term harm to the body. It can lead to the development of infertility by blocking the functioning of the reproductive organs in men and women. Using a condom can prevent this infection.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is another common bacterial STD. This disease often affects the same organs as chlamydia and has similar long-term effects.

Patients with gonorrhea may have symptoms such as burning when urinating or discharge (white, yellow or green) from the penis or vagina. It should be borne in mind that many women especially gonorrhea occurs without symptoms.

Nearly half of new gonorrhea patients are between the ages of 15 and 24.5

Gonorrhea can also develop in the throat during oral sex.

Antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea has been on the rise in recent years and therefore treatment is not always effective.

Mycoplasma genitalium (MG)

Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is one of the leading causes of major cervical infection. Mycoplasma also causes inflammation of the urethra in men.

MG can cause the same symptoms as gonorrhea or chlamydia. A 2007 study of adolescents found that mycoplasma infects more people than gonorrhea.

The importance of diagnosing mycoplasma has only recently been recognized, as most cases were asymptomatic and difficult to identify. New technologies (nucleic acid amplification tests) and microbiological studies have made it possible to diagnose this disease in time. This will prevent the development of long-term health problems, such as infertility associated with pelvic inflammatory disease.

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral STI worldwide. It affects more women than men. This infection may resemble a yeast infection or bacterial vaginosis as the symptoms are similar. Symptoms include:

• Foamy discharge
• Strong odor
• Pain during intercourse
• Irritation
• Itching

Men with trichomoniasis usually do not have symptoms. If a patient has been diagnosed with the disease, it must be ensured that the partner is also treated, as they may re-infect.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) may actually be the most common type of STD. Prior to the advent of the HPV vaccine, studies showed that 75% of sexually active people had an HPV infection at some point in their lives.

HPV is often referred to as “the virus that causes cervical cancer”, but not all types of HPV are involved in the development of cancer. However, HPV has been associated with penile cancer and anal cancer. Other varieties of the HPV virus cause warts, including genital warts.

There is no cure for HPV and treatment is symptomatic.

HPV vaccination is recommended for people of all ages to provide protection against the most common types of the virus.

Herpes

Herpes (HSV) is an STI caused by a virus. It occurs in two forms: HSV1 and HSV2.13 HSV1 is often associated with herpes and HSV2 is often associated with genital ulcers. However, transmission of herpes from the mouth to the genitals and vice versa is possible.

Herpes is not curable. But its symptoms can be treated with antiviral drugs. Transmission of the virus to another person is possible even if the carrier does not have ulcers or other symptoms.

The risk of virus transmission is reduced by using a condom. However, a person can become infected without sexual contact through skin-to-skin contact.

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is a condition in which saprophytic bacteria present in the vagina are replaced by other bacteria, resulting in symptoms such as itching and burning, and a white or gray discharge.

There is a connection between this state and the appearance of a new partner (partners). Taking antibiotics does not guarantee that the condition cannot reappear.

Bacterial vaginosis increases the risk of HIV infection, pelvic inflammatory disease, and preterm birth.

Chancre

Chancre is a disease caused by the bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi. A mild chancre infection increases the risk of contracting HIV.

Ulcers in chancre are often larger than those due to syphilis. They can also be more painful. At an early stage, these two infections are difficult to distinguish from each other.

Ureaplasma

Ureaplasma is actually a unique commensal infection in most people. It can be present in healthy people without causing symptoms or requiring treatment. At the same time, it can be sexually transmitted or be an opportunistic infection.

Ureaplasma was first discovered in 1954, however, this infection is still not fully understood. Ureaplasma belongs to the Mycoplasma family and shares some common features with Mycoplasma genitalium and also with Mycoplasma hominis.

Most common symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

STDs do not always cause symptoms or they can be mild. So, a person can get infected and not know about it.

If symptoms are present, they may include:

• Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina
• Ulcers or warts in the vulva
• Frequent and painful urination
• Redness and itching in the genital area
• Bad smell
• Itching or soreness in the anus
• Lower abdominal pain
• Heat
• Painful blisters on penis
• Urethritis
• Throat or rectal infection
• Diarrhea
• Anal discharge
• Testicular inflammation
• Painful lymph nodes
• Vomiting
• Joint pains

Diagnosis and treatment of STDs

Diagnosis of STDs is based on the patient’s complaints and symptoms. But considering that in some cases the symptoms are insignificant, laboratory diagnostics are necessary both with the help of microbiological analysis of biological fluids and with the help of special blood tests.

• STD treatment depends on the infectious agent of the STD. Some STDs require the use of antibiotics, which can be given orally or by injection; other STDs require creams or special solutions to be applied to the skin. If there are complications, physical therapy may also be used. Often, after treatment, a repeated consultation with a doctor and control laboratory tests are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of the treatment.
• Some STDs, such as genital herpes and HIV, cannot be cured but can be controlled with medication.

Prognosis of STDs

Most common STDs are successfully treated.

• In addition to the discomfort of infection, some STDs can lead to serious complications such as infertility. Infection of the child from the mother during pregnancy can lead to anomalies in the development of the child, blindness.