How does amoxicillin work as an antibiotic. What are the key facts about amoxicillin usage. Who can safely take amoxicillin. How should amoxicillin be taken for optimal effectiveness. What are the potential side effects of amoxicillin. How to manage common and serious side effects of amoxicillin. What precautions should be taken when using amoxicillin.

Understanding Amoxicillin: A Powerful Antibiotic for Bacterial Infections

Amoxicillin is a widely prescribed penicillin antibiotic used to combat various bacterial infections. Its versatility and effectiveness make it a go-to choice for healthcare professionals when treating conditions ranging from chest infections to dental abscesses.

Why is amoxicillin so commonly prescribed? This antibiotic excels at targeting and eliminating harmful bacteria, allowing the body’s immune system to recover and heal. Its broad spectrum of activity makes it suitable for addressing multiple types of infections, including those affecting the respiratory system, urinary tract, and oral cavity.

Common Uses of Amoxicillin

• Chest infections (including pneumonia)
• Dental abscesses
• Ear infections in children
• Urinary tract infections
• Skin infections

Is amoxicillin effective against all types of infections? No, it’s important to note that amoxicillin is specifically designed to combat bacterial infections. It has no effect on viral infections such as the common cold or flu. This distinction underscores the importance of proper diagnosis before prescribing antibiotics.

Key Facts About Amoxicillin: What You Need to Know

Understanding the fundamental aspects of amoxicillin can help patients use this medication more effectively and safely. Here are some crucial facts to keep in mind:

• Onset of action: Most patients start feeling better within a few days of beginning treatment.
• Common side effects: Nausea and diarrhea are the most frequently reported side effects.
• Dental considerations: Liquid amoxicillin can temporarily stain teeth, but this is removable through brushing.
• Alcohol consumption: Unlike some medications, amoxicillin does not interact negatively with alcohol.
• Secondary infections: In some cases, amoxicillin use can lead to thrush, a fungal infection.

How quickly does amoxicillin work? While individual responses may vary, most patients experience noticeable improvement in their symptoms within 48 to 72 hours of starting the medication. However, it’s crucial to complete the entire prescribed course of antibiotics, even if you feel better, to prevent the recurrence of infection and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Eligibility for Amoxicillin Treatment: Who Can Safely Use This Antibiotic?

While amoxicillin is generally safe for most adults and children, certain factors may influence its suitability for individual patients. Healthcare providers consider several aspects before prescribing this antibiotic to ensure both safety and efficacy.

Factors Affecting Amoxicillin Eligibility

• Allergic reactions: Patients with a history of allergic reactions to penicillin or other antibiotics should inform their doctor.
• Liver or kidney problems: These conditions may affect how the body processes and eliminates the medication.
• Recent or upcoming vaccinations: Amoxicillin may interact with certain vaccines.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Special considerations apply for expectant or nursing mothers.

Can children take amoxicillin? Yes, amoxicillin is often prescribed for pediatric patients, particularly for ear infections and chest infections. However, dosage is typically adjusted based on the child’s weight and the severity of the infection. Parents should consult the Medicines for Children website or their healthcare provider for specific guidance on administering amoxicillin to children.

Proper Administration of Amoxicillin: Dosage and Timing

Correct administration of amoxicillin is crucial for its effectiveness in treating bacterial infections. Understanding the proper dosage, timing, and method of intake can significantly impact the medication’s success rate.

Standard Dosage Guidelines

• Adult dosage: Typically 250mg to 500mg, taken three times daily
• Pediatric dosage: Generally lower, based on the child’s weight and infection severity
• Liquid formulation: Available in 125mg and 250mg concentrations

How should amoxicillin be taken for optimal effectiveness? To maximize the antibiotic’s efficacy, try to space the doses evenly throughout the day. For a three-times-daily regimen, this could mean taking the medication in the morning, mid-afternoon, and before bed. Amoxicillin can be taken with or without food, offering flexibility for patients with different schedules or dietary restrictions.

Important Administration Tips

1. Complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve.
2. Take missed doses as soon as remembered, unless it’s almost time for the next dose.
3. Never double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
4. Use the provided measuring device for liquid formulations to ensure accurate dosing.
5. Swallow capsules whole with water; do not chew or break them.

What happens if you forget to take a dose of amoxicillin? If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s nearly time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed one and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Never take a double dose to compensate for a forgotten one, as this can increase the risk of side effects without providing additional therapeutic benefit.

Recognizing and Managing Side Effects of Amoxicillin

Like all medications, amoxicillin can cause side effects in some patients. While many of these are mild and manageable, it’s important to be aware of potential adverse reactions and know when to seek medical attention.

Common Side Effects

Approximately 1 in 10 people experience common side effects when taking amoxicillin. These typically include:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Mild stomach discomfort
• Headache

How can you manage common side effects of amoxicillin? For nausea, try taking the medication with food or a small snack. To alleviate diarrhea, ensure adequate hydration and consider probiotic supplements. If these side effects persist or worsen, consult your healthcare provider for further guidance.

Serious Side Effects

While rare, occurring in less than 1 in 1,000 people, serious side effects require immediate medical attention. These may include:

• Severe diarrhea containing blood or mucus
• Signs of liver or gallbladder problems (pale stools, dark urine, yellowing of skin or eyes)
• Unusual bruising or skin color changes
• Joint or muscle pain occurring after two days of treatment
• Skin rash with circular red patches

When should you seek immediate medical help for amoxicillin side effects? If you experience any of the serious side effects listed above, or if you have symptoms of a severe allergic reaction such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or a severe skin rash, seek emergency medical care immediately.

Allergic Reactions to Amoxicillin: Recognition and Response

Allergic reactions to amoxicillin, while not extremely common, can occur in some individuals. Understanding the signs of an allergic reaction and knowing how to respond is crucial for patient safety.

Types of Allergic Reactions

• Mild reactions: Often manifest as skin rashes
• Moderate reactions: May include hives, itching, or swelling
• Severe reactions (anaphylaxis): Can cause difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and severe skin reactions

How prevalent are allergic reactions to amoxicillin? Approximately 1 in 15 people experience an allergic reaction to amoxicillin. In most cases, these reactions are mild and can be managed with antihistamines. However, severe allergic reactions, while rare, require immediate medical intervention.

Managing Allergic Reactions

1. For mild skin rashes, consult your healthcare provider about using antihistamines.
2. If symptoms worsen or you experience difficulty breathing, seek emergency medical care.
3. Inform all healthcare providers of your amoxicillin allergy to prevent future exposure.
4. Consider wearing a medical alert bracelet to communicate your allergy in emergencies.

Can you develop an allergy to amoxicillin after previous successful treatments? Yes, it’s possible to develop an allergy to amoxicillin even if you’ve taken it before without issues. Always be vigilant for signs of an allergic reaction, especially when starting a new course of the antibiotic.

Precautions and Interactions: Ensuring Safe Use of Amoxicillin

To maximize the benefits of amoxicillin while minimizing risks, it’s essential to be aware of potential interactions and take necessary precautions. This knowledge empowers patients to use the medication safely and effectively.

Important Precautions

• Inform your healthcare provider of all medications you’re currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
• Disclose any history of allergies, especially to antibiotics.
• Mention any liver or kidney problems, as these may affect how your body processes the medication.
• If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, discuss the potential risks and benefits with your doctor.
• Be aware that amoxicillin can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Does amoxicillin interact with other medications? Yes, amoxicillin can interact with several other drugs. Some notable interactions include:

• Methotrexate: Amoxicillin may increase the blood levels of this medication.
• Probenecid: This medication can increase amoxicillin levels in the body.
• Allopurinol: When taken with amoxicillin, it may increase the risk of skin rash.
• Certain blood thinners: Amoxicillin might enhance their effects.

Special Considerations

1. If you have mononucleosis, avoid amoxicillin as it can cause a skin rash.
2. Patients with phenylketonuria should be cautious with liquid amoxicillin formulations that may contain aspartame.
3. Be aware that amoxicillin can affect certain laboratory tests, potentially leading to false-positive results for glucose in urine tests.
4. If you’re scheduled for any surgical procedures, inform your healthcare provider about your amoxicillin use.

How does amoxicillin affect gut health? While amoxicillin targets harmful bacteria, it can also disrupt the balance of beneficial bacteria in your gut. This disruption may lead to side effects like diarrhea or yeast infections. To support gut health during and after antibiotic treatment, consider incorporating probiotic-rich foods or supplements into your diet, but consult with your healthcare provider first to ensure they won’t interfere with the antibiotic’s effectiveness.

Long-Term Considerations: Antibiotic Resistance and Future Treatments

As we rely on antibiotics like amoxicillin to combat bacterial infections, it’s crucial to consider the long-term implications of their use, particularly the growing concern of antibiotic resistance. Understanding these issues can help patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions about antibiotic use.

Understanding Antibiotic Resistance

• Definition: Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve to withstand the effects of antibiotics.
• Causes: Overuse and misuse of antibiotics contribute significantly to resistance development.
• Consequences: Resistant infections are harder to treat and may require stronger, potentially more toxic antibiotics.

How can patients help prevent antibiotic resistance? Patients play a crucial role in combating antibiotic resistance. Here are some key strategies:

1. Only take antibiotics when prescribed by a healthcare professional.
2. Complete the full course of antibiotics as directed, even if you feel better.
3. Never share antibiotics with others or use leftover antibiotics from previous treatments.
4. Practice good hygiene to prevent the spread of infections.
5. Stay up to date with vaccinations to reduce the need for antibiotics.

Future of Antibiotic Treatments

As antibiotic resistance continues to pose challenges, researchers and healthcare professionals are exploring new approaches to treating bacterial infections:

• Development of new antibiotics targeting resistant bacteria
• Exploration of combination therapies to enhance effectiveness
• Research into alternative treatments, such as bacteriophage therapy
• Focus on preventive measures and improved diagnostic tools

What role does personalized medicine play in antibiotic treatment? Personalized medicine is emerging as a promising approach in antibiotic therapy. By considering factors such as an individual’s genetic makeup, microbiome composition, and specific infection characteristics, healthcare providers can tailor antibiotic treatments for optimal efficacy and minimal side effects. This personalized approach may help reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance while improving patient outcomes.

Ongoing Research and Development

The field of antibiotic research is continually evolving. Current areas of focus include:

• Identifying novel bacterial targets for antibiotic action
• Developing strategies to overcome existing resistance mechanisms
• Exploring natural sources for new antimicrobial compounds
• Investigating the potential of nanotechnology in antibiotic delivery

How might future antibiotics differ from amoxicillin? Future antibiotics may be more targeted, designed to affect specific bacterial strains while minimizing impact on beneficial bacteria. They might also incorporate mechanisms to prevent or slow the development of resistance. Additionally, new delivery methods could enhance the efficacy of antibiotics, allowing for lower doses and reduced side effects.

Amoxicillin in Special Populations: Pediatric, Geriatric, and Pregnant Patients

While amoxicillin is broadly effective, its use requires special considerations in certain patient populations. Understanding these nuances is crucial for healthcare providers and patients alike to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Pediatric Use of Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is frequently prescribed for children, particularly for ear infections and respiratory tract infections. However, several factors must be considered:

• Dosage is typically based on the child’s weight
• Liquid formulations are often preferred for ease of administration
• Flavor options may be available to improve palatability
• Parents should be educated on proper dosing and potential side effects

How does amoxicillin affect children differently from adults? Children may metabolize amoxicillin more quickly than adults, which can influence dosing frequency. Additionally, certain side effects, such as diarrhea, may be more common in pediatric patients. It’s crucial for parents to monitor their children closely and report any concerns to their healthcare provider.

Amoxicillin: antibiotic to treat bacterial infections

1. About amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic. It is used to treat bacterial infections, such as chest infections (including pneumonia) and dental abscesses. It can also be used together with other antibiotics and medicines to treat stomach ulcers.

It’s often prescribed for children, to treat ear infections and chest infections.

Amoxicillin is only available on prescription. It comes as capsules or as a liquid that you swallow. It’s also given by injection, but this is usually only done in hospital.

2. Key facts

• For most infections, you’ll start to feel better in a few days.
• The most common side effects of amoxicillin are feeling sick (nausea) and diarrhoea.
• Liquid amoxicillin can stain your teeth. This does not last and is removed by brushing.
• You can drink alcohol while taking amoxicillin.
• Sometimes, taking amoxicillin can cause thrush.

3. Who can and cannot take amoxicillin

Amoxicillin can be taken by most adults and children.

Find out more about giving amoxicillin to children on the Medicines for Children website.

Amoxicillin is not suitable for everyone. To make sure amoxicillin is safe for you, tell your doctor if you:

• have ever had an allergic reaction to amoxicillin or penicillin or any other medicine
• have liver or kidney problems
• have recently had, or are due to have, any vaccinations

4. How and when to take amoxicillin

Dosage

The usual dose of amoxicillin capsules is 250mg to 500mg, taken 3 times a day. The dose may be lower for children.

Amoxicillin liquid is available in 125mg and 250mg doses.

Important

Carry on taking this medicine until you’ve completed the course, even if you feel better. If you stop your treatment early, the infection could come back.

How to take it

Try to space the doses evenly throughout the day. If you take it 3 times a day, this could be first thing in the morning, mid-afternoon and at bedtime.

You can take amoxicillin before or after food.

Swallow amoxicillin capsules whole with a drink of water. Do not chew or break them.

Amoxicillin is available as a liquid for children and people who find it difficult to swallow capsules.

If you or your child are taking liquid amoxicillin, it will usually be made up for you by your pharmacist. The medicine will come with a plastic syringe or spoon to help you measure out the right dose. If you do not have one, ask your pharmacist for one. Do not use a kitchen teaspoon as it will not measure the right amount.

If you forget to take it

If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s nearly time for your next dose. In this case, just leave out the missed dose and take your next dose at the usual time.

Never take 2 doses at the same time. Never take an extra dose to make up for a forgotten one.

If you forget doses often, it may help to set an alarm to remind you. You could also ask your pharmacist for advice on other ways to remember your medicines.

If you take too much

Taking an extra dose of amoxicillin is unlikely to harm you or your child, but speak to your pharmacist or doctor if you’re worried.

Urgent advice: Contact 111 for advice now if:

You have taken more than your prescribed dose of amoxicillin and have symptoms including:

• stomach pain or you’re being sick
• blood in your pee
• difficulty peeing or producing less pee than usual

Go to 111.nhs.uk or call 111

5. Side effects

Like all medicines, amoxicillin can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them.

Common side effects

These common side effects happen in around 1 in 10 people. Keep taking the medicine, but talk to your doctor or pharmacist if these side effects bother you or do not go away:

• feeling sick (nausea)
• diarrhoea

Serious side effects

Serious side effects are rare and happen in less than 1 in 1,000 people.

Call a doctor or call 111 now if you get:

• diarrhoea (possibly with stomach cramps) that contains blood or mucus or severe diarrhoea that lasts for more than 4 days
• pale poo and dark pee, and the whites of your eyes or your skin turn yellow (although this may be less obvious on brown or black skin) – these can be signs of liver or gallbladder problems
• bruising or changes in your skin colour
• joint or muscle pain that comes on after 2 days of taking the medicine
• a skin rash with circular red patches (this may be less obvious on brown or black skin)

Some of these serious side effects can happen up to 2 months after finishing the amoxicillin.

Serious allergic reaction

Around 1 in 15 people have an allergic reaction to amoxicillin.

In most cases, the allergic reaction is mild and can take the form of a skin rash.

Mild skin rashes can usually be treated by taking antihistamines.

In rare cases, amoxicillin can cause a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).

Immediate action required: Call 999 now if:

• your lips, mouth, throat or tongue suddenly become swollen
• you’re breathing very fast or struggling to breathe (you may become very wheezy or feel like you’re choking or gasping for air)
• your throat feels tight or you’re struggling to swallow
• your skin, tongue or lips turn blue, grey or pale (if you have black or brown skin, this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet)
• you suddenly become very confused, drowsy or dizzy
• someone faints and cannot be woken up
• a child is limp, floppy or not responding like they normally do (their head may fall to the side, backwards or forwards, or they may find it difficult to lift their head or focus on your face)

You or the person who’s unwell may also have a rash that’s swollen, raised, itchy, blistered or peeling.

These can be signs of a serious allergic reaction and may need immediate treatment in hospital.

These are not all the side effects of amoxicillin. For a full list, see the leaflet inside your medicines packet.

Information:

You can report any suspected side effect using the Yellow Card safety scheme.

Visit Yellow Card for further information.

6. How to cope with side effects of amoxicillin

What to do about:

• feeling sick – stick to simple meals and do not eat rich or spicy food. It might help to take your amoxicillin after a meal or snack.
• diarrhoea – drink plenty of fluids, such as water or squash, to avoid dehydration. Signs of dehydration include peeing less than usual or having dark, strong-smelling pee. Do not take any other medicines to treat diarrhoea without speaking to a pharmacist or doctor. If you take contraception and you have severe diarrhoea for more than 24 hours, your contraceptive pills may not protect you from pregnancy. Check the pill packet to find out what to do.

7. Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Amoxicillin and pregnancy

It is safe to take amoxicillin during pregnancy.

Amoxicillin and breastfeeding

It is OK to take amoxicillin while breastfeeding. Information shows that only tiny amounts of amoxicillin get into breast milk. Such levels would not be expected to cause side effects in your baby.

Talk to your doctor, pharmacist, health visitor or midwife if:

• your baby is not feeding as well as usual
• they have sickness or diarrhoea
• your baby has oral thrush, or a skin rash
• you have any other concerns about your baby

For more information about how amoxicillin can affect you and your baby during pregnancy, visit the Best Use of Medicines in Pregnancy (BUMPS) website.

8. Cautions with other medicines

There are some medicines that do not mix well with amoxicillin.

Tell your doctor if you’re taking any of these medicines before you start taking amoxicillin:

• methotrexate, used to treat arthritis and psoriasis
• warfarin, a medicine to prevent blood clots
• gout medicines called probenecid or allopurinol
• other antibiotics

Tell your doctor if you’ve recently had, or are due to have, an oral typhoid vaccine. Amoxicillin can make it less effective.

Mixing amoxicillin with herbal remedies and supplements

There is little information about taking herbal remedies and supplements alongside amoxicillin.

Important:
Medicine safety

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you’re taking any other medicines, including herbal medicines, vitamins or supplements.

9. Common questions about amoxicillin

How does amoxicillin work?

Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic. It works by killing the bacteria that cause the infection.

When will I feel better?

For most infections, you should feel better within a few days.

It’s very important that you keep taking amoxicillin until your course is finished. Do this even if you feel better. It will help stop the infection coming back.

What if I do not get better?

Tell your doctor if you do not start feeling better after taking amoxicillin for 3 days. Also tell them if, at any time, you start to feel worse.

Will it give me thrush?

Some people get a fungal infection called thrush after taking a course of antibiotics like amoxicillin. If you think you have thrush, speak to your pharmacist or ask your doctor for advice.

How does amoxicillin compare with other antibiotics?

Amoxicillin and other penicillins, like phenoxymethylpenicillin, are antibiotics that are widely used to treat a variety of infections, including skin, dental, throat and chest infections.

Not all antibiotics are suitable for every infection. Your doctor will choose an antibiotic that’s suitable for the type of infection you have. Speak to your pharmacist or doctor if you have any questions.

Will it affect my contraception?

Amoxicillin does not stop contraceptive pills working, including the combined pill or emergency contraception.

However, if amoxicillin makes you sick (vomit) or have severe diarrhoea for more than 24 hours, your contraceptive pills may not protect you from pregnancy. Check the pill packet to find out what to do.

Find about more about what to do if you’re on the pill and you’re being sick or have diarrhoea.

Will it affect my fertility?

There’s no evidence to suggest that taking amoxicillin reduces fertility in either men or women.

Does it stain teeth?

If you or your child take amoxicillin as a liquid medicine, it can stain your teeth. This does not last and should go after brushing your teeth well.

Amoxicillin capsules do not stain teeth.

Can I drive or ride a bike?

Yes. Amoxicillin should not affect you being able to drive or cycle.

Is there any food or drink I need to avoid?

You can eat and drink normally while taking amoxicillin.

Can I drink alcohol with it?

Yes, you can drink alcohol with amoxicillin.

Using medication: Using antibiotics correctly and avoiding resistance – InformedHealth.org

Created: November 14, 2008; Last Update: December 18, 2013; Next update: 2020.

The development of antibiotics was one of the great discoveries in modern medicine. They fight bacteria and can cure life-threatening infectious diseases such as pneumonia, for which there was previously no effective treatment. But the improper use of antibiotics means that more and more bacteria are becoming resistant to this kind of medication. So it is especially important to use them correctly.

Antibiotics can save lives, but they also relieve symptoms of bacterial infections and help us recover faster. But treatment with antibiotics also has side effects. Nausea or diarrhea are common, for example.

Antibiotics are also used far too often, and improper use is widespread. This has caused many different types of bacteria to become resistant (unresponsive) to antibiotics. Because resistance has become more common, many diseases cannot be treated as well as they could in the past.

When using antibiotics, it’s important to know the following things to prevent resistance and side effects:

• Antibiotics only work against bacteria. Many infections are caused by viruses and can’t be treated using antibiotics – examples include respiratory illnesses such as a cough, stuffy nose, bronchitis or the flu.

• Excessive and improper use of antibiotics causes side effects, and in the long term reduces their effectiveness.

What is antibiotic resistance?

In medicine, bacteria and other germs are said to be resistant if they are especially able to withstand exposure to external influences. For example, most germs that enter the stomach with food will be killed by stomach (gastric) acid. But some bacteria are covered with a mucous coating that protects them from the acid. They are resistant to gastric acid.

Resistance to antibiotics works on a similar principle: The bacteria have acquired a new property that protects them from the antibiotic. Some types of bacteria can produce a substance that makes certain antibiotics ineffective, for example. Bacteria that can protect themselves from several different antibiotics are referred to as “multiresistant. “

What causes resistance?

Many of the bacteria that are now resistant used to be sensitive to antibiotics. There are a few developments that played a role in this. To put it briefly, one kind of antibiotic could originally neutralize a certain type of bacteria and then effectively stop the infection. But the genetic material of bacteria can change by chance, sometimes creating new properties. If they protect the bacteria from an antibiotic, then the bacteria have become resistant. These kinds of properties can also transfer from one type of bacteria to another.

If antibiotics are used very often, resistant bacteria are better able to reproduce because the other non-resistant strains of bacteria are stopped. Antibiotics then no longer help against infections caused by resistant bacteria.

Which bacteria are resistant to antibiotics and why are they dangerous?

Strains of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus bacteria are often resistant to antibiotics. One example is called “methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus” (MRSA). Staphylococci can be found on skin and mucous membranes and may cause infection – for example if they get into open wounds.

Resistant strains have now developed in other types of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and pseudomonads.

What is being done about antibiotic resistance?

In Germany, antibiotics are prescription-only. This means that doctors are first and foremost responsible for careful and appropriate use. They are to first see whether someone actually has a bacterial infection. If they do, then it’s important that the antibiotic is prescribed at the right dose and for long enough, and that the right antibiotic is selected that will most effectively fight the bacteria.

There are also hygiene regulations to keep resistant bacteria from spreading further and preventable infections from occurring. These measures are especially important inside of a hospital. Antibiotics are used there relatively frequently, so resistant germs can develop quite quickly. If you come into contact with someone who has an infection of resistant bacteria, it can help to wear disposable gloves, a mask and coat, and to use a hand disinfectant to stop the spread of the germs.

Antibiotics are also used in veterinary medicine and in agriculture. Veterinarians also have to comply with the rules for handling antibiotics properly.

What can I do to prevent antibiotic resistance?

Being cautious when taking antibiotics can help prevent both antibiotic resistance and side effects.

The most important thing is to not overestimate what antibiotics can do: Patients often expect antibiotics to be prescribed to treat medical conditions for which they are not suitable.

Antibiotics are needed to treat serious bacterial infections like lung infections or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes lining the brain and spinal cord). This is not the case when, for example, people who are otherwise healthy have respiratory infections caused by viruses, such as a cold or influenza (“the flu”). Antibiotics will usually be of no help because they only fight bacteria. Antibiotics also have side effects including allergic reactions, stomach and bowel problems, nausea and fungal infections. Because of these associated risks, it’s important to carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of taking antibiotics.

What’s important to consider when taking antibiotics?

Antibiotics should be taken for as long as the doctor has prescribed them. Just because the symptoms of the illness subside, it doesn’t mean that all of the germs have been killed. Remaining bacteria may cause the illness to start up again.

If there are some tablets left over, they should not be kept for later use or given to other people. Leftover medication can be disposed of in the normal garbage or dropped off at some pharmacies. Pharmacies are not obligated to accept opened medicine though. It is important not to dispose of the medication by pouring it down the drain or flushing it down the toilet. That is bad for the environment and also contributes to bacterial resistance.

Medications can only work properly if they are used correctly. It’s important to know the following things when taking antibiotics:

• Can the tablets be broken into smaller pieces to make them easier to swallow? Doing this can stop some medications from working properly.

• What food can you take antibiotics with? Antibiotics are usually taken with water because taking them together with fruit juices, dairy products or alcohol can affect how the body absorbs some drugs. Dairy products include milk as well as butter, yogurt, and cheese. After taking an antibiotic you may need to wait for up to three hours before eating or drinking any dairy products. Grapefruit juice and dietary supplements containing minerals like calcium may also work dampen the effect of antibiotics.

• When should you take antibiotics? Some antibiotics are always meant to be taken at the same time of day, others are meant to be taken before, with or after a meal. If you are supposed to take the medicine three times a day, for example, it usually needs to be taken at set times so that the effect is spread out evenly over the course of the day. You could remember the regular times of 6 a.m., 2 p.m. and 10 p.m. for an antibiotic that needs to be taken every 8 hours, for example.

• Can you take antibiotics together with other medications? Because antibiotics can interact with other medications, it’s important to tell your doctor if you take other medications too. Antibiotics might interact with some blood thinners and antacids, for example. Some antibiotics can make birth control pills less effective.

You can find detailed information on the use of a specific antibiotic in the package insert. If you’re not sure about what is important to consider when taking the antibiotic, you can ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Sources

• Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG), Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL), Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF). DART 2020. Zwischenbericht anlässlich der WHA 2016. May 2016.

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Antibiotic / Antimicrobial Resistance. June 12, 2017.

• Deutsche Gesellschaft für Infektiologie e.V. (DGI). S3-Leitlinie: Strategien zur Sicherung rationaler Antibiotika-Anwendung im Krankenhaus. AWMF-Register-Nr.: 092-001. December 15, 2013.

• Kayser FH, Böttger EC, Deplazes P, Haller O, Roers A. Taschenlehrbuch Medizinische Mikrobiologie. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2014.

• Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO). Antimicrobial resistance. October 2016.

• IQWiG health information is written with the aim of helping
  people understand the advantages and disadvantages of the main treatment options and health
  care services.

  Because IQWiG is a German institute, some of the information provided here is specific to the
  German health care system. The suitability of any of the described options in an individual
  case can be determined by talking to a doctor. We do not offer individual consultations.

  Our information is based on the results of good-quality studies. It is written by a
  team of
  health care professionals, scientists and editors, and reviewed by external experts. You can
  find a detailed description of how our health information is produced and updated in
  our methods.

Amoxicillin – Together by St. Jude

Antibiotic

Trademarks:

Moxatag®, Amoxil®

Other names:

p-Hydroxyampicillin

Often used for:

Infections

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic. Its action is aimed at the destruction of bacteria that cause infections. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic of the penicillin group. Amoxicillin is available in various dosage forms. Follow dosage instructions carefully.

Oral chewable tablets

Oral capsules

Oral liquid form

• Diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Headache
• Abdominal pain
• Taste disturbance

Symptoms of an allergic reaction may occur: rash, hives, itching, chills, fever, headache, muscle pain, shortness of breath, cough, tightness in the throat, swelling of the face or neck

The listed side effects are not observed in all patients who are prescribed amoxicillin. The most common side effects are highlighted in bold, but others are not excluded. Report all possible side effects to your doctor or pharmacist.

Be sure to discuss these and other recommendations with your doctor or pharmacist.

• Tell your doctor if you have severe diarrhea while taking this drug.
• It is important to drink plenty of fluids while taking the drug. Drink the amount of fluid recommended by your doctor.
• Amoxicillin may interfere with some laboratory tests, especially in patients with high blood sugar (diabetes). Ask your doctor or pharmacist how to properly use the urine glucose test strips and how to interpret the results.
• Amoxicillin may increase or decrease the effectiveness of other medicines. Tell your doctor or pharmacist about all medicines you are taking, especially if it is methotrexate or probenecid.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding patients should notify their physician.
• The use of amoxicillin may reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills and other hormonal methods of contraception. During therapy, patients who are sexually active should use other methods of contraception, such as condoms.
• The course of taking the drug must be completed completely in accordance with the recommendations of the attending physician or pharmacist.

Taking amoxicillin at home:

• It should be taken at the same time every day.
• Long-acting tablets: must be swallowed whole. It is not allowed to break, grind or chew them before taking. The extended-release tablets should be taken within 1 hour after a meal.
• Amoxicillin in other dosage forms can be taken with or without food. If the drug causes stomach upset, it must be taken with food.
• In liquid form: shake well before use, use the measuring device provided to measure the dosage. The drug in liquid form can be mixed with milk, juice, water or other cool drinks immediately before taking.
• Chewable tablet should be chewed or broken before swallowing.
• Take your dose as soon as possible if you miss it. Do not do this only if there is little time left until the next appointment. In no case do not double the dose at the next dose!
• Store amoxicillin at room temperature.
• Liquid amoxicillin may be stored at room temperature or in the refrigerator. After opening, store no more than 14 days.
• Do not use an expired drug.
• Follow instructions for safe storage and disposal of the drug.

More about amoxicillin

expiration date, dosage, indications and contraindications

Contents

• 1 Amoxicillin (amoxicillin): comprehensive instructions for use and dosage
  • 1.1 What is amoxicillin?
  • 1.2 Action of amoxicillin
  • 1.3 When to use amoxicillin:
  • 1.4 How to take amoxicillin correctly?
  • 1.5 Dosage of amoxicillin
  • 1.6 How to use amoxicillin correctly during pregnancy and breastfeeding?
    • 1.6.1 Amoxicillin and pregnancy
    • 1.6.2 Amoxicillin and breastfeeding
    • 1. 6.3 Conclusion
  • 1.7 Contraindications and side effects when using amoxicillin Amoxicillin
    • effects when using amoxicillin Amoxicillin:
  • 1.8 What to do, if a dose of amoxicillin is missed?
  • 1.9 Amoxicillin overdose: what to do?
    • 1.9.1 Overdose symptoms
    • 1.9.2 Overdose management
    • 1.9.3 How to prevent overdose
  • 1.10 Compatibility of amoxicillin with other medicines
    • 1.10.1 Which medicines should not be taken with amoxicillin?
    • 1.10.2 Which medicines should be taken with caution?
    • 1.10.3 Which drugs improve the effect of amoxicillin?
  • 1.11 Q&A:
    • • 1.11.0.1 How to take amoxicillin?
      • 1.11.0.2 What should I do if I miss a dose of amoxicillin?
      • 1.11.0.3 Can I take amoxicillin during pregnancy?
      • 1.11.0.4 Can I drink alcohol while taking amoxicillin?
      • 1.11.0.5 How long should I take amoxicillin?
      • 1. 11.0.6 What are the possible side effects of taking amoxicillin?
  • 1.12 Related videos:

Find out how to take the antibiotic amoxicillin (amoxicillin) correctly, depending on your disease and daily dose. Description of side effects and possible complications. A doctor’s consultation is required before use.

Amoxicillin is a drug that belongs to the group of penicillin antibiotics. It has a bactericidal effect on most gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It is used in medical practice for the treatment of various infectious diseases resulting from the penetration of bacteria into the body.

The use of amoxicillin requires strict adherence to the dosage and regimen in order to achieve maximum effectiveness of treatment and not harm the body. In this article, we will tell you in detail about how to take amoxicillin correctly, what are the contraindications and side effects, and also answer frequently asked questions about this drug.

We recommend that you seek medical advice before starting treatment and do not exceed the dosages indicated in the instructions for use. After all, health is the most important thing we have!

What is amoxicillin?

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the penicillin group. Its action is aimed at combating bacterial infections caused by microorganisms sensitive to it.

Amoxicillin is the first line of treatment for many infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, urinary and gastrointestinal tract, and skin infections. Its effectiveness has been proven in studies and confirmed by many years of clinical experience.

• Amoxicillin penetrates the bacterial cell and destroys its wall, causing the death of the microorganism.
• It is used in tablets, capsules, suspensions and injections.
• Amoxicillin is considered relatively safe and well tolerated by most patients.

However, like all antibiotics, amoxicillin can cause side effects. When using it, you must follow the recommendations of the doctor and take it only as directed. It is not recommended to independently choose the dosage and duration of administration.

How amoxicillin works

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat various infections caused by bacteria. It belongs to the penicillin class and works by blocking the ability of bacteria to build the walls they need to survive.

When amoxicillin enters the body, it begins to destroy the bacteria that cause the infection. It accesses the bacteria’s genetic material and blocks their ability to grow and reproduce. The drug also eliminates the symptoms of infection and helps protect the body from possible complications.

1. The effect of the drug is contraindicated for use in viral infections . Amoxicillin can only kill bacteria, so it won’t work if the infection is caused by a virus.
2. Amoxicillin binds to other drugs . When taking more than one drug therapy, the use of amoxicillin in combination with the use of other drugs should be clarified.
3. Amoxicillin should not be interrupted . Treatment of the infection should be carried out to the end, and one-time omissions can lead to the formation of drug-resistant species of microorganisms.

When to use amoxicillin:

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Amoxicillin is recommended for use in cases where the patient has an acute illness such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, cystitis, urinary tract infections, or skin infections.

In addition, amoxicillin can be used in the treatment of other diseases caused by bacteria. For example, it can help fight gonorrhea, ehrlichiosis, listeriosis, and yeast infections. However, before using amoxicillin, you should always consult your doctor and follow the recommendations of the instructions.

Amoxicillin may also be recommended for prophylactic use. For example, a doctor may advise taking it before a dental procedure to prevent infection. In such cases, the dosage and treatment regimen are determined individually depending on the disease and the characteristics of the patient’s body.

• Important to know! Never take amoxicillin without the advice of a doctor and strictly follow the instructions for use. Incorrect use of antibiotics can lead to bacterial resistance, making it difficult to treat in the future.

How to take amoxicillin correctly?

It is very important to follow the instructions when taking an antibiotic!

Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic that can be used for various infections. In order for the medicine to work as effectively as possible, it is necessary to take it correctly.

• Take amoxicillin at the correct time. So, you will create the optimal concentration of the drug in the blood and ensure that it is constantly taken in the right amount.
• Follow the recommended dosage. Never increase or decrease the dose yourself, as this may lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment and a decrease in the body’s immunity.
• Take amoxicillin after meals. The drug is better absorbed into the blood in the digestive environment. If the medicine causes severe stomach irritation, take it at the start of a meal.
• Continue taking the medication for the duration of your treatment. Even if you feel better on the fourth or fifth day of taking the medicine, do not stop the course of treatment in advance, because the disease may return and become chronic.
• Keep amoxicillin out of the reach of children and sunlight. The drug should be stored in a dry place at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees.

If you experience any side effects such as an allergic reaction, vomiting, diarrhea, etc., you need to see a doctor for an examination and a decision to give additional treatment or simply change the antibiotic.

Amoxicillin dosage

Amoxicillin is one of the most widely used antibiotics to fight bacterial infections. It is available in various forms – tablets, capsules, suspensions and injections. The dosage of amoxicillin depends on the patient’s weight, age and severity of the disease.

For adults, the dosage of amoxicillin is usually 250-500 mg every 8 hours or 500-875 mg every 12 hours. Some infections, such as pneumonia, may require higher dosages. In case of serious infections, a long course of treatment may be necessary and amoxicillin should be taken exactly as directed by the physician.

For children, the dosage of amoxicillin also depends on age and weight. Children are usually prescribed amoxicillin in the form of a suspension, which is best for children under 12 years of age. For children weighing less than 20 kg, the dosage is 25 mg / kg body weight per day, divided into 2-3 doses. For children weighing over 20 kg, the usual dosage is 250-500 mg every 8 hours.

When using amoxicillin, you must strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations regarding the dosage and duration of the course. Underdosing can lead to ineffective treatment, and overdosing can cause side effects and worsen the patient’s condition.

How to use amoxicillin during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Amoxicillin and pregnancy

Use of amoxicillin during pregnancy is possible only on the recommendation of a physician. He can prescribe the drug only in case of vital indications, when the benefit outweighs the risk to the fetus.

Self-administration of amoxicillin during the first trimester of pregnancy is not recommended. It is preferable to use other drugs that are safe for pregnant women, or to postpone treatment until the end of pregnancy.

Amoxicillin and breastfeeding

Amoxicillin passes into breast milk in small amounts and does not harm the baby. However, before starting therapy, it is necessary to consult with a specialist.

In order to reduce the risk of side effects in a child, remember to strictly follow the dosage and recommendations from the doctor.

If the need for drug therapy occurs during breastfeeding, the doctor may prescribe amoxicillin only for vital indications.

Conclusion

The use of amoxicillin during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be carried out only under medical supervision and for vital indications. It is necessary to follow the dosage and recommendations from a specialist in order to maximize safety for the health of mother and child.

Contraindications and side effects when using amoxicillin Amoxicillin

Contraindications when using amoxicillin Amoxicillin:

Allergy to amoxicillin or other antibiotics of the penicillin group is an absolute contraindication for its use.

Care must be taken when prescribing amoxicillin for liver and kidney , leukemia and epilepsy .

Amoxicillin is not recommended for infectious mononucleosis .

Side effects when using amoxicillin Amoxicillin:

• Allergic reactions manifested by skin rashes, itching, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylactic shock or a general allergic reaction.
• Hematopoietic disorders including leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia.
• Gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dyspepsia.
• Possible development of mental disorders in the form of irritability, insomnia, headache, dizziness.

If these symptoms occur, you should consult your doctor and stop using amoxicillin.

What if I miss a dose of amoxicillin?

If you miss an amoxicillin dose, take the missed dose as soon as possible if your next dose is more than 4 hours away. In this case, it should be borne in mind that the next dose should be taken at regular intervals.

If the next dose is less than 4 hours away, skip the missed dose and take the next dose at the scheduled time. Increasing the dose is not recommended, as this can lead to negative consequences.

Missing amoxicillin may lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment, so it is important to remember and follow the instructions for its use.

• Don’t forget to set your medication reminders to avoid missing out;
• If you have any questions about the use of the medicine, you should consult your doctor or pharmacist;
• Do not increase the dose or change the regimen without consulting your doctor.

Overdose of amoxicillin: what to do?

Overdose symptoms

Like any other drug, amoxicillin has its own optimal dosage regimen. Excessive dosage of the drug can lead to unpleasant symptoms:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• abdominal pain;
• dizziness;
• loss of consciousness.

Overdose

If you experience the symptoms described above, we remind you to seek immediate medical attention. The doctor will prescribe treatment depending on the degree of overdose and the general condition of the patient. It is not recommended to try to cope with the problem on your own, as this can lead to aggravation of symptoms.

If you notice signs of an overdose in one of your relatives, neighbors or passers-by, call an ambulance immediately and provide the doctor with all the information about the possible overdose and medication.

How to prevent overdose

In order to avoid overdose, the recommended dosage regimen must be strictly observed and not exceeded. You should also not change the dosage regimen, allow missed doses or increase the dose on your own, without consulting a doctor.

It is also important to keep in mind individual differences that may affect the effectiveness of the drug and a higher sensitivity to the action of amoxicillin. Therefore, before taking the drug, it is necessary to consult a doctor and follow his recommendations. This will avoid unpleasant consequences and get the maximum effect from the use of an antibiotic.

Compatibility of amoxicillin with other medicines

Which medicines should not be taken with amoxicillin?

Consideration should be given to combinations with other drugs before using amoxicillin. For example, the use of the drug together with methotrexate can cause an increase in the toxicity of the latter. The antibiotic should not be taken with probenecid, which may increase blood levels of amoxicillin. In combination with allopurinol, an allergic reaction may occur. Hepatotoxicity is quite possible if amoxicillin is combined with drugs containing estrogens, and the risk of hemorrhagic diathesis increases while taking aspirin.

Which medicines should be taken with caution?

Before using amoxicillin, care must be taken when combining with other drugs. Temporary neutralization of the antibiotic can occur if the patient takes drugs containing antacids with magnesium, iron, zinc, calcium along with amoxicillin. With the simultaneous use of amoxicillin with bacteriostatic antibiotics, there may be problems with the effectiveness of antibiotics and the development of superinfection. The simultaneous use of antidepressants, deferoxamine, allopurinol can cause damage to blood vessels and, as a result, an increase in the risk of hemorrhagic diathesis.

Which drugs improve the effect of amoxicillin?

When amoxicillin is combined with macrolide antibiotics and fluoroquinolones, they act synergistically and positively affect the effectiveness of antibiotics in the complex. In addition, the simultaneous use of amoxicillin with metronidazole improves the effect of the antibiotic in the treatment of infections of the gastrointestinal tract.

Q&A:

How do I take amoxicillin?

The dosage and timing of amoxicillin administration depends on the patient’s age and health status, as well as the severity of the disease. In general, amoxicillin is taken 2-3 times a day, 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals. The dosage can vary from 250 to 1000 mg depending on the weight and age of the person and the severity of the disease.

What should I do if I miss an amoxicillin dose?

If you miss a dose of amoxicillin, take it as soon as possible if there is enough time before your next dose. If there is little time before the next dose, then the missed dose is skipped and amoxicillin is continued on schedule.

Can I take amoxicillin during pregnancy?

Yes, doctors can give amoxicillin to pregnant women if needed to treat infections. However, before you start taking amoxicillin, you should consult with your doctor and find out what dose of the drug can be taken in a particular case.

Can I drink alcohol while taking amoxicillin?

No, alcohol is not recommended while taking amoxicillin. This can increase the risk of side effects and interfere with the treatment process.