Doctor to treat thyroid. Comprehensive Guide to Thyroid Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Expert Care
How is thyroid disease diagnosed. What are the treatment options for thyroid disorders. Where can you find specialized care for thyroid conditions. Who are the experts in managing thyroid health.
Understanding Thyroid Disease: Types and Symptoms
Thyroid disease encompasses a range of conditions affecting the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped organ in the neck responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism. The most common thyroid disorders include hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), and goiter (enlarged thyroid).
Symptoms of thyroid disease can vary widely depending on the specific condition:
- Hyperthyroidism may cause unexplained weight loss, rapid heartbeat, anxiety, and heat intolerance
- Hypothyroidism often leads to fatigue, weight gain, depression, and cold sensitivity
- Goiter can result in a visible swelling in the neck and may cause difficulty swallowing or breathing
Is thyroid disease common. Thyroid disorders affect millions of people worldwide, with women being more susceptible than men. The prevalence increases with age, making it crucial to understand the signs and seek proper medical attention when necessary.
Diagnostic Tests for Thyroid Disorders
Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective thyroid disease management. Healthcare providers employ various tests to assess thyroid function and identify underlying issues:
Thyroid Function Tests
These blood tests measure the levels of thyroid hormones, including:
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Free thyroxine (T4)
- Free triiodothyronine (T3)
Abnormal results can indicate hyper- or hypothyroidism, guiding further diagnostic steps and treatment decisions.
Thyroid Ultrasound
This non-invasive imaging technique uses sound waves to create detailed pictures of the thyroid gland. It can reveal:
- Gland size and shape
- Presence of nodules or cysts
- Structural abnormalities
Ultrasound is particularly useful in evaluating thyroid nodules and guiding fine-needle aspiration biopsies when necessary.
Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test
This specialized test involves administering a small amount of radioactive iodine and measuring how much is absorbed by the thyroid gland. It helps determine:
- Thyroid gland activity
- Potential causes of hyperthyroidism
- Effectiveness of certain treatments
Thyroid Scan
Similar to the uptake test, a thyroid scan uses radioactive tracers to create detailed images of the gland. This procedure can:
- Identify overactive or underactive areas
- Detect nodules not visible through other methods
- Assess thyroid cancer spread in some cases
When are additional tests necessary. While blood tests are often sufficient for initial diagnosis, imaging studies and specialized tests may be required in complex cases or when planning treatment strategies.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options for Thyroid Disorders
Many thyroid conditions can be effectively managed without surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the specific disorder, its severity, and individual patient factors.
Medication Therapy
Pharmaceutical interventions play a crucial role in thyroid disease management:
- Hypothyroidism: Levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, replaces the body’s natural hormone production
- Hyperthyroidism: Antithyroid medications like methimazole or propylthiouracil reduce excessive hormone production
- Beta-blockers: These may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms such as rapid heartbeat or tremors
How long does medication therapy last. Treatment duration varies; some patients require lifelong medication, while others may achieve remission after a period of treatment.
Radioactive Iodine Therapy
This treatment option is primarily used for hyperthyroidism and involves ingesting radioactive iodine to shrink or destroy overactive thyroid tissue. Key aspects include:
- Administered orally in liquid or pill form
- Highly effective in controlling hyperthyroidism
- May lead to hypothyroidism, requiring subsequent hormone replacement
Is radioactive iodine therapy safe. While generally considered safe, it requires careful dosing and follow-up to ensure optimal outcomes and manage potential side effects.
Surgical Interventions for Thyroid Disease
In some cases, surgical treatment becomes necessary to effectively manage thyroid disorders. Common surgical procedures include:
Partial Thyroidectomy (Thyroid Lobectomy)
This procedure involves removing a portion of the thyroid gland, typically one lobe. It may be recommended for:
- Suspicious nodules requiring further examination
- Symptomatic goiters affecting only one lobe
- Cases where preserving some thyroid function is desirable
Total Thyroidectomy
Complete removal of the thyroid gland may be necessary in situations such as:
- Large multinodular goiters
- Thyroid cancer
- Severe Graves’ disease unresponsive to other treatments
What are the long-term implications of thyroid removal. Patients who undergo total thyroidectomy require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy to maintain normal metabolic function.
Minimally Invasive Techniques
Advancements in surgical technology have led to the development of minimally invasive thyroid procedures, offering potential benefits such as:
- Smaller incisions and reduced scarring
- Faster recovery times
- Lower risk of certain complications
These techniques may not be suitable for all patients, and the decision to use them depends on factors like thyroid size, underlying condition, and surgeon expertise.
Finding the Right Thyroid Specialist
Effective management of thyroid disorders often requires the expertise of specialized healthcare providers. Key professionals in thyroid care include:
Endocrinologists
These physicians specialize in hormonal disorders, including thyroid diseases. They are trained to:
- Interpret complex thyroid function tests
- Develop comprehensive treatment plans
- Manage medication regimens and dosage adjustments
Thyroid Surgeons
Experienced endocrine surgeons play a crucial role in cases requiring surgical intervention. They possess specialized skills in:
- Performing delicate thyroid and parathyroid procedures
- Minimizing surgical risks and complications
- Collaborating with endocrinologists for optimal patient outcomes
How can you find a qualified thyroid specialist. Start by seeking recommendations from your primary care physician, checking with local medical centers, or using online resources provided by professional medical associations.
The Importance of Ongoing Thyroid Care
Managing thyroid disease is often a long-term process requiring continuous monitoring and adjustment of treatment plans. Key aspects of ongoing care include:
Regular Follow-up Appointments
Scheduled visits with your thyroid specialist allow for:
- Assessment of treatment effectiveness
- Monitoring of hormone levels through blood tests
- Adjustments to medication dosages as needed
- Evaluation of potential complications or side effects
Lifestyle Considerations
Patients with thyroid disorders may benefit from certain lifestyle modifications, such as:
- Maintaining a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients
- Engaging in regular physical activity as advised by healthcare providers
- Managing stress through relaxation techniques or counseling
- Avoiding potential triggers that may exacerbate symptoms
How often should thyroid levels be checked. The frequency of thyroid function tests varies depending on the individual’s condition and treatment plan, ranging from every few months to annually for stable patients.
Emerging Treatments and Research in Thyroid Care
The field of thyroid disease management continues to evolve, with ongoing research and development of new treatment approaches. Some promising areas include:
Targeted Therapies
Researchers are exploring novel medications that can more precisely target thyroid hormone production and regulation, potentially offering:
- Improved efficacy with fewer side effects
- Personalized treatment options based on genetic profiles
- Alternative solutions for patients resistant to conventional therapies
Advanced Imaging Techniques
Innovations in medical imaging are enhancing diagnostic capabilities and treatment planning:
- High-resolution ultrasound for more accurate nodule characterization
- Molecular imaging methods to better differentiate benign and malignant thyroid lesions
- AI-assisted image analysis for improved diagnostic accuracy
Regenerative Medicine Approaches
Ongoing studies are investigating the potential of stem cell therapies and tissue engineering to:
- Restore thyroid function in cases of severe damage or surgical removal
- Develop bio-engineered thyroid tissue for transplantation
- Enhance the body’s natural healing processes in thyroid disorders
What role does patient participation play in thyroid research. Many clinical trials and studies rely on volunteer participants to advance our understanding of thyroid diseases and develop new treatments. Patients interested in contributing to research should discuss opportunities with their healthcare providers.
Thyroid Health and Overall Well-being
The thyroid gland’s influence extends far beyond its immediate vicinity, affecting numerous bodily functions and overall health. Understanding this connection is crucial for comprehensive thyroid care:
Thyroid-Heart Connection
Thyroid hormones significantly impact cardiovascular health:
- Hyperthyroidism can lead to increased heart rate and risk of arrhythmias
- Hypothyroidism may contribute to elevated cholesterol levels and increased risk of heart disease
- Proper thyroid management is essential for maintaining heart health
Thyroid and Mental Health
The intricate relationship between thyroid function and mental well-being is increasingly recognized:
- Thyroid disorders can manifest with symptoms mimicking depression or anxiety
- Addressing underlying thyroid issues may improve mood and cognitive function
- Collaborative care between endocrinologists and mental health professionals can optimize treatment outcomes
Thyroid’s Role in Fertility and Pregnancy
Thyroid health is particularly crucial for reproductive function and fetal development:
- Thyroid imbalances can affect menstrual regularity and fertility in women
- Proper thyroid function is essential for healthy fetal brain development
- Close monitoring and management of thyroid levels during pregnancy are vital
How does thyroid health impact quality of life. By influencing energy levels, metabolism, mood, and various bodily systems, thyroid function plays a significant role in overall well-being and daily functioning.
In conclusion, thyroid disease management requires a comprehensive approach involving accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment selection, and ongoing care. By working closely with specialized healthcare providers and staying informed about the latest developments in thyroid health, patients can effectively manage their conditions and maintain optimal overall health. Remember that each individual’s thyroid journey is unique, and personalized care strategies are key to achieving the best possible outcomes.
Thyroid Disease | Durham, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Overview
Duke thyroid disease specialists specialize in diagnosing and treating the full range of benign thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid like Graves’ disease), hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and postpartum hypothyroidism and goiter (large thyroid). We pinpoint the cause of your abnormal thyroid levels and determine the most effective treatment for you. Our goal is to personalize your treatment plan to your specific needs so you feel like yourself again.
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Tests for Thyroid Disease
Tests Overview
Your doctor may suspect thyroid disease if you experience some of the common symptoms, such as unexplained weight loss or gain, mood swings or depression, and fatigue. In many cases, abnormal thyroid levels may turn up when your doctor orders a blood test as part of a routine physical exam.
Your doctor may order one of the following tests to confirm your diagnosis.
Thyroid Function Tests
Description
Measures the amount of thyroid hormone in your blood, and can help diagnose functional disease, such as hypothyroidism (low levels of thyroid hormone) or hyperthyroidism (high levels of thyroid hormone).
Thyroid Ultrasound
Description
This non-invasive test uses sound waves to take pictures of organs and tissues inside your body. A thyroid ultrasound shows the thyroid gland’s size and shape. An enlarged thyroid with nodules or growths may indicate thyroid disease.
Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test
Description
A radioactive substance called a tracer is injected into your bloodstream. The test determines how much tracer your thyroid gland absorbs, which can tell your doctor how well it is working.
Thyroid Scan
Description
This scan also uses a radioactive tracer. A special camera takes 3D pictures of your thyroid gland as it absorbs the tracer.
The pictures help your doctor determine which parts of your thyroid are overactive or underactive.
Our Locations
Duke Health offers locations throughout the Triangle. Find one near you.
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Non-Surgical Treatments for Thyroid Disease
Treatments Overview
There are many ways to treat thyroid disease. We work with you to identify the best solution to improve your daily life.
Medication
Description
We use the latest medications available to control your thyroid function. If you have hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), your medication serves as a hormone replacement therapy. If you have hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), your medication prevents your thyroid from producing too much thyroid hormone. Follow-up blood tests may be necessary to ensure your body is responding well to your medication and dose.
Radioactive Iodine
Description
This treatment uses targeted radiation — ingested in pill or liquid form — to shrink or destroy thyroid tissues in patients with hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease.
Our radiologists specialize in dosing radioactive iodine for people with thyroid disorders. Our experience ensures that the dose is adequately determined for your needs.
Surgical Treatments for Thyroid Disease
Treatments Overview
Surgery by an experienced endocrine surgeon is a good option for treating thyroid disease, especially large goiters and Graves’ disease. If you have serious symptoms associated with these conditions, such as difficulty swallowing, unexplained voice changes or pressure sensations in the neck when lying flat, surgery may be your first-line treatment.
Partial Thyroidectomy (Thyroid Lobectomy)
Description
Removes a portion of your thyroid, usually a thyroid lobe. Minimally access options are available.
Thyroidectomy
Description
Removes your entire thyroid gland.
Parathyroidectomy
Description
Removes one or more parathyroid gland. Minimal access options are available.
Thyroid Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
Description
Also known as thyroid RFA, this minimally invasive, outpatient treatment targets benign, abnormal thyroid tissue.
It is performed by a board-certified interventional radiologist, who has expertise in image-guided surgery. During the procedure, a thin needle is inserted through your skin to the thyroid tissue. The tip of the needle emits heat to destroy a thyroid nodule. Some large nodules may require multiple sessions. This treatment is beneficial because it targets only abnormal tissue, sparing healthy tissue around it.
Ablation is a technique used regularly to treat a variety of benign and cancerous growths, however it is not recognized by insurance companies as a standard of care for benign thyroid nodules that cause pain or make daily activities harder, but don’t disrupt hormone levels or threaten your health. As a result, treatment of thyroid RFA costs incurs out of pocket costs. Imaging and doctor visits are typically covered by your insurance.
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Why Choose Duke
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Experts in Precise Dosing
Our team has the experience and advanced training to make sure we get your treatment dose right, whether it’s medication to control thyroid blood levels or radioactive iodine treatments to shrink or destroy tissue in an overactive thyroid.
Both of these treatment approaches require precise dosing, tailored to each patient’s needs.
Specialized Nuclear Medicine
If you have Graves’ disease or hyperthyroidism, we may recommend radioactive iodine therapy to control your thyroid hormone levels. Our team includes highly trained radiologists who administer our radioactive iodine treatments. Their experience working with proper dosing for thyroid patients means safe and effective results for you.
Leaders in Thyroid Surgery
Our surgeons handle more than 600 cases every year, making us one of the busiest endocrine surgery teams in North America. We have performed thousands of successful thyroid-specific surgical procedures using open and minimal access techniques. Our less invasive options lead to less pain, fewer complications, minimal scarring and shorter hospital stays.
Team Approach
Our endocrinologists work closely with other Duke specialists to manage and treat every aspect of your thyroid disease, to guide your care and manage your treatment plan.
We work with endocrine surgeons, otolaryngologists (ear, nose, throat and neck specialists) and radiologists specially trained in nuclear medicine thyroid treatments.
Patient Education
If your doctor prescribes hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism, we work closely with you to make sure you understand how your thyroid medication works. When and what you eat, what supplements you take and even what time you take your medication can impact its effectiveness. We give you step-by-step directions before you leave our office and closely follow how your body reacts to the medication so we can make adjustments.
Best Hospital for Endocrinology and Diabetes in NC
When it comes to your care, you want the very best. Duke University Hospital is proud of our team and the exceptional care they provide. They are why our diabetes and endocrinology program is rated as high performing among the nation’s top hospitals, and the highest-ranked program in North Carolina, according to U.
S. News & World Report for 2022–2023.
This page was medically reviewed on 06/16/2022 by
Alan Alper Sag, MD
| Interventional Radiologist
Why is it essential to visit an endocrinologist for my thyroid problems?
An endocrinologist is basically referred to a doctor who specializes in treating conditions of the endocrine system. Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system which generally refers to a collection of glands that produce hormones which are used in the regulation of various day to day activities such as metabolism of the body, growth, reproduction and other sexual functions. Major endocrine glands include the pituitary glands, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, pancreas and reproductive glands like the testes in males and ovaries in females. There are several other glands like the parathyroid glands or the adrenal glands which are also part of the endocrine system.
Endocrinologists are normally concerned with treating people suffering from hormonal imbalances, generally of the endocrine glands. The primary objective of the treatment is to restore the proper functioning of the endocrine glands, thus restoring hormonal balances in the body.
Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland, located in the throat cavity which is concerned with secreting hormones that regulate your blood pressure, temperature of the body, body metabolism as well as heart rate.
When should you go to an endocrinologist?
Any sort of irregularities in functioning of the thyroid gland can give rise to a number of thyroid gland problems, since the hormones produced from the thyroid gland control several key functions in your body.
There are a number of disorders which can occur due to problems in the regulation of the thyroid gland. If the function of the thyroid gland is not regulated properly, the gland can produce more or less hormone than required by the body.
If the gland produces more hormones than required, the condition is referred to as hyperthyroidism, while if the gland produces less hormones than needed, the condition is known as hypothyroidism. There are other conditions of the thyroid glands like thyroid nodules or thyroid cancer which need medical attention.
If you have been diagnosed with any such issues like hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, it is always better to consult an endocrinologist than a general practitioner. The primary reason is that a general practitioner or a general physician normally would not have enough expertise in treating problems of thyroid glands. Endocrinologists, on the other hand, have a specialized knowledge in treating problems of the endocrine glands, and thyroid glands are a part of the endocrine system. Therefore, it is quite evident that endocrinologists have more knowledge regarding the thyroid gland and its disorders and ways of treating those disorders.
Sometimes, general physicians are also not aware of the recent advancements in this particular field which a specialist in endocrinology is sure to possess.
Sometimes the nature of disease also demands the need for an endocrinologist to examine it. For example, if you have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer, it is quite necessary for you to visit an endocrinologist especially ones who specializes in dealing with thyroid problems, especially thyroid cancer. Similarly, if you are having symptoms of hyperthyroidism or symptoms of hypothyroidism, it is quite necessary for you to consult an endocrinologist specializing in thyroid problems.
Thyroid gland is an important gland of the endocrine system as it produces very important hormones that regulate various activities in your body. Thus, if you are facing any symptoms related to thyroid diseases, it is particularly useful to visit an endocrinologist rather than a general physician because an endocrinologist specializing in thyroid problems is considered to possess better capabilities and skills in terms of treating a thyroid problems as compared to a general physician.
Endocrinologist in Samara, PhD – make an appointment
Endocrinologists of the Medical Center “Home Doctor” will conduct the necessary examinations and prescribe a comprehensive therapeutic program, taking into account all your individual characteristics.
Our endocrinologist is a highly experienced specialist. Contact him and you are guaranteed effective diagnosis and treatment. In their practice, specialists use the best medical equipment, so any possible diseases of the endocrine system are detected at an early stage.
The endocrinologist has fixed appointments, so you need to make an appointment in advance. To do this, just call by phone or fill out a special web form on our website, after which we will contact you as soon as possible.
Our center provides care for various endocrine diseases, including: diabetes, obesity, thyroid disease, puberty disorders, and other diseases. Despite the heavy workload, our endocrinologist pays enough attention to each patient, gives him valuable advice and recommendations on improving the endocrine system.
Endocrinology (Greek endo inside + krino separate, isolate + logos teaching) is a science that studies the structure, functions and pathology of the endocrine glands and the mechanism of action of the hormones they produce.
Formed in the second half of the 19th century. Of fundamental importance in the development of endocrinology, which initially developed as a section of physiology, were the works of the French physiologist and pathologist Claude Bernard (S. Bernard), who first formulated the concept of “internal secretion” (1855).
As a science, endocrinology studies the development and treatment of diseases of the thyroid gland, swelling of the extremities, diabetes insipidus, and is divided into gynecological endocrinology, surgery, etc. In our center, there is a specialist endocrinologist in any area of endocrinological diseases. Moscow, as the center of domestic science, has concentrated the best personnel of representatives of all fields of activity, including medicine.
Pediatric endocrinologist
Pediatric endocrinologist is considered one of the main and most demanded. It is during the period of growing up that a person has a large number of endocrine disorders.
In our center, specialists of the highest categories will promptly identify and cure these disorders.
Of particular importance for the health of the nation is gynecological endocrinology, which studies sex hormones in women, as well as disorders that occur during pregnancy. The most visited today is the female endocrinologist. We have accumulated vast experience in this field of diseases.
Throughout pregnancy, any woman’s hormonal levels increase, hormones are secreted in an enhanced mode, and the secretion organs may fail. Our doctors in gynecological endocrinology will significantly reduce the risks of these diseases associated with pregnancy. They will help maintain the health of the mother and fetus.
Diabetes insipidus is one of the areas in which an endocrinologist deals. Our center conducts active scientific and practical work in the diagnosis and treatment of this dangerous disease. It is believed that diabetes insipidus is hereditary and in some cases occurs due to a disease of the central nervous system. It is very important to make a diagnosis at an early stage and take all necessary measures to prevent the development of the disease.
Endocrinologist. Making an appointment in Samara
Endocrinologist is a profession that requires a lot of experience and ability to diagnose and treat serious diseases.
One of the most common diseases of the endocrine system is thyroid disease. Observation and treatment of the thyroid gland is also carried out by a doctor – an endocrinologist. Samara, represented by our best specialists, who have accumulated rich experience in the treatment of the thyroid gland, will take all measures to prevent any complications associated with the disease.
Today, every endocrinologist knows that the still insufficiently studied thyroid gland plays a serious role in human life. Therefore, the specialists of our center are constantly trained in the leading research institutes of the country on the prevention of diseases and the treatment of the thyroid gland.
A large number of diseases associated with the endocrine system are severe and can lead to death if they are not dealt with in time by an endocrinologist. We are always ready to accept patients with any diseases of the thyroid gland and prevent the most severe complications. If you need an endocrinologist, then we are always ready to take all measures that will allow patients to return to a full life as soon as possible.
Sections of modern endocrinology are: radiation endocrinology, which studies the effect of ionizing radiation on the endocrine system; comparative endocrinology, which studies the morphological and functional features of the endocrine system in various animal and human species; neuroendocrinology, the edge studies the interaction of c.s.c. and endocrine system in the regulation of vital processes. An important area of endocrinology is molecular endocrinology, which allows you to study the biochemical and immunological foundations of both the normal functioning of the body and the occurrence of various pathologies.
Modern endocrinology has acquired general biological and general medical significance. The solution of its fundamental and applied problems is associated with the progress of many cardinal areas in medicine, incl. in the fight against cardiovascular and oncological diseases.
Endocrinology is closely related to physiology, anatomy, biochemistry, pharmacology and many branches of clinical medicine. Modern endocrinology uses, along with traditional (biochemical, radiological, etc.), new original research methods, such as radionuclide diagnostics, radioimmunoassay, ultrasound diagnostics, computed tomography and MRI.
The most urgent problems and the most important areas of research in modern endocrinology: diabetes mellitus; diseases of the thyroid gland, dysfunction of the sweat glands, diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, biosynthesis, mechanisms of action of hormones in the body and their metabolism; obtaining analogues of hormones and new hormonal preparations, etc.
Thyroid treatment in Moscow
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The thyroid gland is a small but very important organ located in the front of the human neck, in front of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. Normally, its weight is from 15 to 20 grams, and the volume ranges from 18 cubic meters. cm (for women) up to 25 cc. cm (in men).
The medical holding “SM-Clinic” has modern laboratories and the latest equipment for all types of diagnostics of problems associated with the thyroid gland. Here you can get qualified advice from experienced endocrinologists, undergo a complete examination, establish a diagnosis, and receive appointments for effective treatment. The SM-Clinic effectively uses all the techniques necessary to achieve maximum results in the fight against the pathologies of this important organ.
Symptoms of thyroid disease
The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones – thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which regulate important processes in the human body.
They:
- responsible for the normal growth and development of tissues and organs;
- support the normal functioning of the nervous system;
- affect the human psyche;
- control the rate of redox reactions, metabolism;
- regulate mineral, protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism.
Any deviations in the work of the body inevitably cause malfunctions in the functioning of the human body, leading to metabolic disorders. That is why it is so important to monitor his health.
The most common thyroid diseases are:
- hypothyroidism – insufficient production of hormones;
- hyperthyroidism – excessive production of hormones;
- goiter – overgrowth of the thyroid gland, can be combined with both a decrease and an increase in the producing function.
Thyroid disease is more common in women, about 4-7 times more often than men. Ill patients often do not immediately seek help from a doctor, as they confuse the symptoms of the disease with the onset of menopause.
Causes of thyroid disease
The main cause of thyroid diseases is considered to be a lack or excess of iodine in the body, which is the active part of thyroid hormones, its level affects their normal production.
Iodine enters the human body with food and water. This is especially important for a growing organism, with a lack of this element, a child may lag behind in physical and mental development. Sufficient intake of iodine during pregnancy and lactation is also necessary. In nature, this element is found in high concentration in marine fish, seafood, algae. Its deficiency in the diet can be filled by using iodized salt.
In the case of an excess of incoming iodine, iron begins to produce more hormones, which entails a state of hyperthyroidism.
Also, the thyroid gland can respond to the following factors:
- heredity;
- dietary deficiencies, lack of vitamins, micro and macro elements;
- increased psycho-emotional stress;
- bad ecological situation;
- certain chronic and autoimmune diseases.
Methods for diagnosing diseases of the thyroid gland
Thyroid disease is one of the most common metabolic disorders in modern society. The initial stages of the disease can be asymptomatic, so it is very important for prevention purposes to regularly, preferably annually, undergo an examination of the state of the gland, especially in areas of iodine deficiency.
Treatment of thyroid disorders
Based on the examination and examinations, the specialist decides on the appropriate correction of the patient’s condition. Treatment of diseases of the thyroid gland is selected individually for each patient, is complex, long-term.
All methods of compensating for insufficient or excessive function of the organ are aimed at bringing the level of thyroid hormones in the blood to normal. For this, drug treatment is indicated, in the case of hypothyroidism, hormone replacement therapy is used. With hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, drugs are also prescribed that can block the excessive production of gland hormones.
In case of ineffectiveness of drug treatment, they resort to surgical intervention (the method of last choice). In addition, to suppress hyperthyroidism, a method of radioiodine therapy based on the use of radioactive iodine for the treatment, which is the safest and most effective to date, is used.
In the case of changes in the size and structure of the organ, various diagnostic methods are also used. Endemic goiter is a significant enlargement of the thyroid gland that develops as a result of iodine deficiency – it is treated with iodine-containing drugs. In case of detection of diffuse or nodular goiter, accompanied by hyperthyroidism, drugs are also used.
If the growth of the gland is significant, and the detected nodes are large, or the specialist suspects the development of malignant processes, surgical intervention is used. Surgery is also indispensable in the case of established thyroid cancer, since other methods of dealing with it are ineffective.
Useful information
Hypothyroidism – a decrease in the level of hormones produced, leads to a slowdown in metabolic processes in the body.
Most often it develops against the background of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis – a disease accompanied by a gradual destruction of the thyroid gland. It can also occur after forced surgical operations on the gland, treatment with radioactive iodine, as a result of which the functions of the organ are attenuated. It is characterized by the following symptoms:
- low blood pressure;
- general weakness, fatigue, dizziness;
- frequent chills;
- sleep disorders;
- irregular menstruation in women;
- apathy, depressed mood;
- reduced ability to remember;
- loss of appetite;
- dry skin, brittle nails and hair.
Hyperthyroidism, accompanied by increased production of hormones, on the contrary, speeds up the metabolism. The extreme degree of hyperthyroidism – thyrotoxicosis – can be deciphered as poisoning with thyroid hormones, a persistent, significant increase in their content in the blood.
The symptoms of this disorder are as follows:
- high blood pressure;
- sweating, feeling hot;
- nervousness, irritability;
- sudden weight loss;
- dryness of mucous membranes;
- fatigue, muscle weakness;
- nausea, stool problems;
- insomnia.
Endemic goiter – enlargement of the thyroid gland – is most often detected while maintaining the normal function of hormone production and is asymptomatic.
Nodular goiter is a disease of the thyroid gland, in which nodes, single and multiple, are formed in the tissue of the organ, while the functioning of the organ can be normal, increased or decreased.
In order to avoid the development of thyroid diseases, attention must be paid to prevention. To do this, you need to monitor the sufficient level of iodine in the diet, use iodized salt, take vitamins and dietary supplements. As a preventive measure, you should undergo an examination by an endocrinologist and an ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland once a year.
Book an appointment with a specialist
Timely diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases and careful monitoring by a doctor will allow you to get rid of the manifestations of the disease in the shortest possible time and avoid complications.
You can find out the prices of thyroid gland treatment and sign up for a consultation with a specialist by phone:
+7 (495) 292-39-72
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Primary appointment (examination, consultation) with an endocrinologist | 2 200 rub |
Repeated appointment (examination, consultation) with an endocrinologist | 1 900 rub |
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