Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews

Kindzel’skii, L. P., Zlochevskaia, L. L., Tsyganok, T. V., and Shabaeva, M. M. [The effect of natural immunomodulators on the lymphocytic natural killer activity in patients with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases]. Lik.Sprava. 1995;(1-2):146-148. View abstract.

Kleinschmidt, H. [An experiment to decrease susceptibility to infections in young children with Esberitox]. Ther Ggw. 1965;104(9):1258-1262. View abstract.

Kohler, G., Bodinet, C., and Freudenstein, J. [Pharmacodynamic effects and clinical effectiveness of a combination of herbal substances comprised of Cone Flower, Wild Indigo and White Cedar]. Wien.Med Wochenschr. 2002;152(15-16):393-397. View abstract.

Liesen H, Kleiter K Mucke S Order U Widenmayer W Riedel H. Leucocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations in players of the German Olympic games in 1988. Deutsch Zeitschrift fur Soprtmedizin 1989;1-10.

Balon, T. W., Jasman, A. P., and Zhu, J. S. A fermentation product of Cordyceps sinensis increases whole-body insulin sensitivity in rats. J Altern Complement Med 2002;8(3):315-323. View abstract.

Che YS and Lin LZ. Clinical observation on therapeutic effects of JinShuiBao on coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and blood rheology. Chinese Traditional Herbal Drugs 1996;27(9):552-553.

Chen, H. and Weng, L. [Comparison on efficacy in treating liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B between Astragalus Polygonum anti-fibrosis decoction and jinshuibao capsule]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2000;20(4):255-257. View abstract.

Chen, S., Li, Z., Krochmal, R., Abrazado, M., Kim, W., and Cooper, C. B. Effect of Cs-4 (Cordyceps sinensis) on exercise performance in healthy older subjects: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Altern.Complement Med 2010;16(5):585-590. View abstract.

Cheng JH, Guo XM, and Wang X. Analysis of therapeutic effects of Jinshuibao capsule in adjuvant treatment of 20 patients with terminal stage of lung cancer. J Administration Traditional Chinese Med 1995;5(Suppl):34-35.

Cheng, YP, Liu, WZ, Shen, LM, and Xu, SN. Comparisons of fermented Cordyceps mycelia in natural Cordyceps sinensis in treating 30 patients with renal failure. Chinese Traditional Herbal Drugs 1986;17(6):256-258.

Dai, G., Bao, T., Xu, C., Cooper, R., and Zhu, J. S. CordyMax Cs-4 improves steady-state bioenergy status in mouse liver. J Altern Complement Med 2001;7(3):231-240. View abstract.

Ding, C. G., Tian, P. X., and Jin, Z. K. [Clinical application and exploration on mechanism of action of Cordyceps sinensis mycelia preparation for renal transplantation recipients]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2009;29(11):975-978. View abstract.

Ding, C., Tian, P. X., Xue, W., Ding, X., Yan, H., Pan, X., Feng, X., Xiang, H., Hou, J., and Tian, X. Efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis in long term treatment of renal transplant patients. Front Biosci (Elite.Ed) 2011;3:301-307. View abstract.

Earnest, C. P., Morss, G. M., Wyatt, F., Jordan, A. N., Colson, S., Church, T. S., Fitzgerald, Y., Autrey, L., Jurca, R., and Lucia, A. Effects of a commercial herbal-based formula on exercise performance in cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(3):504-509. View abstract.

Gong, H. Y., Wang, K. Q., and Tang, S. G. [Effects of cordyceps sinensis on T lymphocyte subsets and hepatofibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Hunan.Yi.Ke.Da.Xue.Xue.Bao. 6-28-2000;25(3):248-250. View abstract.

Guan, Y. J., Hu, Z., and Hou, M. [Effect of Cordyceps sinesis on T-lymphocyte subsets in chronic renal failure]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 1992;12(6):338-9, 323. View abstract.

Han SR. Experiences in treating patients with chronic bronchitis and pulmonary diseases with Cs-4 capsule (JinShuiBao). Journal of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1995;5(Suppl):33-34 .

Hsu, C. C., Huang, Y. L., Tsai, S. J., Sheu, C. C., and Huang, B. M. In vivo and in vitro stimulatory effects of Cordyceps sinensis on testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells. Life Sci 9-5-2003;73(16):2127-2136. View abstract.

Ikumoto, T., Sasaki, S., Namba, H., Toyama, R., Moritoki, H., and Mouri, T. [Physiologically active compounds in the extracts from tochukaso and cultured mycelia of Cordyceps and Isaria]. Yakugaku Zasshi 1991;111(9):504-509. View abstract.

Li, Y., Xue, W. J., Tian, P. X., Ding, X. M., Yan, H., Pan, X. M., and Feng, X. S. Clinical application of Cordyceps sinensis on immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplantation. Transplant.Proc. 2009;41(5):1565-1569. View abstract.

Liu, P., Liu, C., and Hu, Y. Y. [Effect of fuzheng huayu recipe in treating posthepatitic cirrhosis]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 1996;16(8):459-462. View abstract.

Lu, L. [Study on effect of Cordyceps sinensis and artemisinin in preventing recurrence of lupus nephritis]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2002;22(3):169-171. View abstract.

Qu, ZY, Song, K, Cai, WL, and Tang, J. Evaluation of therapeutic effect of JinShuiBao capsule for treatment of respiratory disease. J Administration Traditional Chinese Med 1995;13(11):660.

Quio, YL and Ma, XC. Treatment of 32 tussive asthma patients with JinShuiBao. Chinese J Integrated Traditional Western Med 1993;13(11):660.

Shao, G. [Treatment of hyperlipidemia with cultivated Cordyceps–a double-blind, randomized placebo control trial]. Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 1985;5(11):652-4, 642. View abstract.

Sun, M., Yang, Y. R., Lu, Y. P., Gao, R., Wang, L., Wang, J., and Tang, K. [Clinical study on application of bailing capsule after renal transplantation]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2004;24(9):808-810. View abstract.

Tong Y. Clinical observations of Jin Shui Bao in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. J Administration Traditional Chinese Med 1995;5(suppl):7-8.

Wan F, Guo Y, and Deng X. [Sex hormone-like effects of JinShuiBao [Cs-4] capsule: pharmacological and clinical studies]. Chinese Traditional Patented Med 1988;9:29-31.

Wang, N. Q., Jiang, L. D., Zhang, X. M., and Li, Z. X. [Effect of dongchong xiacao capsule on airway inflammation of asthmatic patients]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2007;32(15):1566-1568. View abstract.

Wong, E. L., Sung, R. Y., Leung, T. F., Wong, Y. O., Li, A. M., Cheung, K. L., Wong, C. K., Fok, T. F., and Leung, P. C. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of herbal therapy for children with asthma. J Altern.Complement Med 2009;15(10):1091-1097. View abstract.

Xiao, Y, Huang, XZ, Cheng, G, and et al. Increased aerobic capacity in healthy elderly human adults given a fermentation product of Cordyceps Cs-4. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1999;31(Suppl):S174.

Xu, F., Huang, J. B., Jiang, L., Xu, J., and Mi, J. Amelioration of cyclosporin nephrotoxicity by Cordyceps sinensis in kidney-transplanted recipients. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. 1995;10(1):142-143. View abstract.

Yang W, Deng X, and Hu W. Clinical study of fermentation product of Cordyceps sinensis on treatment of hyposexuality. J Administration Traditional Chinese Med 1995;5(suppl):23-24.

Yang WZ, Deng Xa Hu W. Treatment of sexual hypofunction with Cordyceps sinensis. Jiangxi Zhongyiyao. 1985;5:46-47.

Yang YZ, Wang LS, Deng HY, and et al. [Short-term observation of treating chronic hepatitis B and post-hepatitis cirrhosis with XinGanBao]. Research of Chinese Materia Medica 1994;1:19-20.

Yoo, H. S., Yoon, J., Lee, G. H., Lee, Y. W., and Cho, C. K. Best case series program supportive cases of Cordyceps militaris- and panax notoginseng-based anticancer herbal formula. Integr Cancer Ther 2011;10(4):NP1-NP3. View abstract.

Zhang Z, Huang W, Liao S, and et al. [Clinical and laboratory studies of JinShuiBao (Cs-4) in scavenging oxygen free radicals in elderly senescent XuZheng patients]. Journal of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1995;5(Suppl):14-18.

Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, W. D., and Yao, K. [Treatment of chronic allograft nephropathy with combination of enalapril and bailing capsule]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2008;28(9):806-809. View abstract.

Zhu, J. L. and Liu, C. [Modulating effects of extractum semen Persicae and cultivated Cordyceps hyphae on immuno-dysfunction of inpatients with posthepatitic cirrhosis]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 1992;12(4):207-9, 195. View abstract.

Bao ZD, Wu ZG, Zheng F. [Amelioration of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity by Cordyceps sinensis in old patients]. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1994;14:271-3, 259. View abstract.

Bee Yean O, Zoriah A. Efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis as an adjunctive treatment in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Tradit Chin Med. 2019;39(1):1-14. View abstract.

Bok JW, Lermer L, Chilton J, et al. Antitumor sterols from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. Phytochemistry 1999;51:891-8. View abstract.

Chen GZ, Chen GL, Sun T, et al. Effects of Cordyceps sinensis on murine T lymphocyte subsets. Chin Med J (English) 1991;104:4-8. View abstract.

Chen JR, Yen JH, Lin CC, et al. The effects of Chinese herbs on improving survival and inhibiting anti-ds DNA antibody production in lupus mice. Am J Chin Med 1993;21:257-62. View abstract.

Kiho T, Yamane A, Hui J, et al. Polysaccharides in fungi. XXXVI. Hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide (CS-F30) from the cultural mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis and its effect on glucose metabolism in mouse liver. Biol Pharm Bull 1996;19:294-6. View abstract.

Kreipke PhD VC, Moffatt PhD RJ, Tanner Ma CJ, Ormsbee PhD MJ. Effects of Concurrent Training and a Multi-Ingredient Performance Supplement Containing Rhodiola rosea and Cordyceps sinensis on Body Composition, Performance, and Health in Active Men. J Diet Suppl. 2020:1-17. View abstract.

Kuo YC, Lin CY, Tsai WJ, et al. Growth inhibitors against tumor cells in Cordyceps sinensis other than cordycepin and polysaccharides. Cancer Invest 1994;12:611-5. View abstract.

Kuo YC, Tsai WJ, Shiao MS, et al. Cordyceps sinensis as an immunomodulatory agent. Am J Chin Med 1996;24:111-25. View abstract.

Li LS, Zheng F, Liu ZH. [Experimental study on effect of Cordyceps sinensis in ameliorating aminoglycoside induced nephrotoxicity]. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1996;16:733-7. View abstract.

Liu C, Lu S, Ji MR. [Effects of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) on in vitro natural killer cells]. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1992;12:267-9, 259. View abstract.

Luo Y, Yang SK, Zhou X, Wang M, Tang D, Liu FY, Sun L, Xiao L. Use of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (syn. Cordyceps sinensis) combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) versus ACEI/ARB alone in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: a meta-analysis.
Ren Fail. 2015;37(4):614-634. doi: 10.3109/0886022X.2015.1009820.
View abstract.

Mei QB, Tao JY, Gao SB, et al. [Antiarrhythmic effects of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc]. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1989;14:616-8, 640. View abstract.

Nakamura K, Yamaguchi Y, Kagota S, et al. Inhibitory effect of Cordyceps sinensis on spontaneous liver metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma cells in syngeneic mice. Jpn J Pharmacol 1999;79:335-41. View abstract.

Ong BY, Aziz Z. Efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis as an adjunctive treatment in kidney transplant patients: a systematic-review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2017;30:84-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.12.007. View abstract.

Parcell AC, Smith JM, Schulthies SS, et al. Cordyceps sinensis (CordyMax Cs-4) supplementation does not improve endurance exercise performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2004;14:236-42. View abstract.

Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler’s Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.

Tsuk S, Lev YH, Rotstein A, Zeev A, Carasso R, Steiner G. Effects of a commercial supplement of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum on physiological responses to maximal exercise in healthy young participants. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2018;20(4):359-367. View abstract.

Wang SM, Lee LJ, Lin WW, Chang CM. Effects of a water-soluble extract of Cordyceps sinensis on steroidogenesis and capsular morphology of lipid droplets in cultured rat adrenocortical cells. J Cell Biochem 1998;69:483-9. View abstract.

Xu F, Huang JB, Jiang L, et al. Amelioration of cyclosporin nephrotoxicity by Cordyceps sinensis in kidney-transplanted recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995;10:142-3.

Xu RH, Peng XE, Chen GZ, Chen GL. Effects of cordyceps sinensis on natural killer activity and colony formation of B16 melanoma. Chin Med J (English) 1992;105:97-101. View abstract.

Yamaguchi N, Yoshida J, Ren LJ, et al. Augmentation of various immune reactivities of tumor-bearing hosts with an extract of Cordyceps sinensis. Biotherapy 1990;2:199-205. View abstract.

Yoshida J, Takamura S, Yamaguchi N, et al. Antitumor activity of an extract of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. against murine tumor cell lines. Jpn J Exp Med 1989;59:157-61. View abstract.

Zhang HW, Lin ZX, Tung YS, Kwan TH, Mok CK, Leung C, Chan LS. Cordyceps sinensis (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(12):CD008353. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008353.pub2. View abstract.

Zhao K, Li Y, Zhang H. Role of Dongchongxiacao (Cordyceps) in prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with stable angina pectoris. J Tradit Chin Med. 2013;33(3):283-286. View abstract.

Zhao Y. [Inhibitory effects of alcoholic extract of Cordyceps sinensis on abdominal aortic thrombus formation in rabbits]. Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei) 1991;71:612-5, 42. View abstract.

Zhou DH, Lin LZ. [Effect of Jinshuibao capsule on the immunological function of 36 patients with advanced cancer]. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1995;15:476-8. View abstract.

Zhou L, Yang W, Xu Y, et al. [Short-term curative effect of cultured Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. Mycelia in chronic hepatitis B]. Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1990;15:53-5, 65. View abstract.

Zhu JS, Halpern GM, Jones K. The scientific rediscovery of a precious ancient Chinese herbal regimen: Cordyceps sinensis: part II. J Altern Complement Med 1998;4:429-57. View abstract.

Zhu JS, Halpern GM, Jones K. The scientific rediscovery of an ancient Chinese herbal medicine: Cordyceps sinensis: part I. J Altern Complement Med 1998;4:289-303. View abstract.

Zhu XY, Yu HY. [Immunosuppressive effect of cultured Cordyceps sinensis on cellular immune response]. Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1990;10:485-7, 454. View abstract.

Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions

Ahn, Y. J., Park, S. J., Lee, S. G., Shin, S. C., and Choi, D. H. Cordycepin: selective growth inhibitor derived from liquid culture of Cordyceps militaris against Clostridium spp. J.Agric.Food Chem. 2000;48(7):2744-2748. View abstract.

Balon, T. W., Jasman, A. P., and Zhu, J. S. A fermentation product of Cordyceps sinensis increases whole-body insulin sensitivity in rats. J Altern Complement Med 2002;8(3):315-323. View abstract.

Che YS and Lin LZ. Clinical observation on therapeutic effects of JinShuiBao on coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and blood rheology. Chinese Traditional Herbal Drugs 1996;27(9):552-553.

Chen, H. and Weng, L. [Comparison on efficacy in treating liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B between Astragalus Polygonum anti-fibrosis decoction and jinshuibao capsule]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2000;20(4):255-257. View abstract.

Chen, S. J., Yin, D. H., Zhong, G. Y., and Huang, T. F. [Study on the biology of adults parasite of Cordyceps sinensis, Hepialus biruensis]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2002;27(12):893-895. View abstract.

Chen, S., Li, Z., Krochmal, R., Abrazado, M., Kim, W., and Cooper, C. B. Effect of Cs-4 (Cordyceps sinensis) on exercise performance in healthy older subjects: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Altern.Complement Med 2010;16(5):585-590. View abstract.

Cheng JH, Guo XM, and Wang X. Analysis of therapeutic effects of Jinshuibao capsule in adjuvant treatment of 20 patients with terminal stage of lung cancer. J Administration Traditional Chinese Med 1995;5(Suppl):34-35.

Cheng, YP, Liu, WZ, Shen, LM, and Xu, SN. Comparisons of fermented Cordyceps mycelia in natural Cordyceps sinensis in treating 30 patients with renal failure. Chinese Traditional Herbal Drugs 1986;17(6):256-258.

Chiou, W. F., Chang, P. C., Chou, C. J., and Chen, C. F. Protein constituent contributes to the hypotensive and vasorelaxant activities of Cordyceps sinensis. Life Sci 2-25-2000;66(14):1369-1376. View abstract.

Choi, G. S., Shin, Y. S., Kim, J. E., Ye, Y. M., and Park, H. S. Five cases of food allergy to vegetable worm (Cordyceps sinensis) showing cross-reactivity with silkworm pupae. Allergy 2010;65(9):1196-1197. View abstract.

Choi, S., Lim, M. H., Kim, K. M., Jeon, B. H., Song, W. O., and Kim, T. W. Cordycepin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells are independent of the estrogen receptor. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 12-1-2011;257(2):165-173. View abstract.

Dai, G., Bao, T., Xu, C., Cooper, R., and Zhu, J. S. CordyMax Cs-4 improves steady-state bioenergy status in mouse liver. J Altern Complement Med 2001;7(3):231-240. View abstract.

Ding, C. G., Tian, P. X., and Jin, Z. K. [Clinical application and exploration on mechanism of action of Cordyceps sinensis mycelia preparation for renal transplantation recipients]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 2009;29(11):975-978. View abstract.

Ding, C., Tian, P. X., Xue, W., Ding, X., Yan, H., Pan, X., Feng, X., Xiang, H., Hou, J., and Tian, X. Efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis in long term treatment of renal transplant patients. Front Biosci (Elite.Ed) 2011;3:301-307. View abstract.

Earnest, C. P., Morss, G. M., Wyatt, F., Jordan, A. N., Colson, S., Church, T. S., Fitzgerald, Y., Autrey, L., Jurca, R., and Lucia, A. Effects of a commercial herbal-based formula on exercise performance in cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(3):504-509. View abstract.

Gong, H. Y., Wang, K. Q., and Tang, S. G. [Effects of cordyceps sinensis on T lymphocyte subsets and hepatofibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Hunan.Yi.Ke.Da.Xue.Xue.Bao. 6-28-2000;25(3):248-250. View abstract.

Guan, Y. J., Hu, Z., and Hou, M. [Effect of Cordyceps sinesis on T-lymphocyte subsets in chronic renal failure]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 1992;12(6):338-9, 323. View abstract.

Han SR. Experiences in treating patients with chronic bronchitis and pulmonary diseases with Cs-4 capsule (JinShuiBao). Journal of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1995;5(Suppl):33-34 .

Hsu, C. C., Huang, Y. L., Tsai, S. J., Sheu, C. C., and Huang, B. M. In vivo and in vitro stimulatory effects of Cordyceps sinensis on testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells. Life Sci 9-5-2003;73(16):2127-2136. View abstract.

Huang, B. M., Chuang, Y. M., Chen, C. F., and Leu, S. F. Effects of extracted Cordyceps sinensis on steroidogenesis in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2000;23(12):1532-1535. View abstract.

Huang, B. M., Hsiao, K. Y., Chuang, P. C., Wu, M. H., Pan, H. A., and Tsai, S. J. Upregulation of steroidogenic enzymes and ovarian 17beta-estradiol in human granulosa-lutein cells by Cordyceps sinensis mycelium. Biol.Reprod. 2004;70(5):1358-1364. View abstract.

Huang, B. M., Hsu, C. C., Tsai, S. J., Sheu, C. C., and Leu, S. F. Effects of Cordyceps sinensis on testosterone production in normal mouse Leydig cells. Life Sci. 10-19-2001;69(22):2593-2602. View abstract.

Huang, B. M., Ju, S. Y., Wu, C. S., Chuang, W. J., Sheu, C. C., and Leu, S. F. Cordyceps sinensis and its fractions stimulate MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cell steroidogenesis. J Androl 2001;22(5):831-837. View abstract.

Huang, H., Wang, H., and Luo, R. C. [Inhibitory effects of cordyceps extract on growth of colon cancer cells]. Zhong.Yao Cai. 2007;30(3):310-313. View abstract.

Huang, L. F., Guo, F. Q., Liang, Y. Z., and Chen, B. M. [Determination of adenosine and cordycepin in Cordyceps sinensis and C. militarris with HPLC-ESI-MS]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2004;29(8):762-764. View abstract.

Ikumoto, T., Sasaki, S., Namba, H., Toyama, R., Moritoki, H., and Mouri, T. [Physiologically active compounds in the extracts from tochukaso and cultured mycelia of Cordyceps and Isaria]. Yakugaku Zasshi 1991;111(9):504-509. View abstract.

Isaka, M., Tanticharoen, M., Kongsaeree, P., and Thebtaranonth, Y. Structures of cordypyridones A-D, antimalarial N-hydroxy- and N-methoxy-2-pyridones from the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps nipponica. J.Org.Chem. 7-13-2001;66(14):4803-4808. View abstract.

Jaturapat, A., Isaka, M., Hywel-Jones, N. L., Lertwerawat, Y., Kamchonwongpaisan, S., Kirtikara, K., Tanticharoen, M., and Thebtaranonth, Y. Bioxanthracenes from the insect pathogenic fungus. Cordyceps pseudomilitaris BCC 1620. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and antimalarial activity. J.Antibiot.(Tokyo) 2001;54(1):29-35. View abstract.

Jia, J. M., Ma, X. C., Wu, C. F., Wu, L. J., and Hu, G. S. Cordycedipeptide A, a new cyclodipeptide from the culture liquid of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. Chem Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 2005;53(5):582-583. View abstract.

Jin, D. Q., Park, B. C., Lee, J. S., Choi, H. D., Lee, Y. S., Yang, J. H., and Kim, J. A. Mycelial extract of Cordyceps ophioglossoides prevents neuronal cell death and ameliorates beta-amyloid peptide-induced memory deficits in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004;27(7):1126-1129. View abstract.

Kiho, T., Nagai, K., Miyamoto, I., Watanabe, T., and Ukai, S. [Polysaccharides in fungi. XXV. Biological activities of two galactomannans from the insect-body portion of Chan hua (fungus: Cordyceps cicadae)]. Yakugaku Zasshi 1990;110(4):286-288. View abstract.

Kiho, T., Ookubo, K., Usui, S., Ukai, S., and Hirano, K. Structural features and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide (CS-F10) from the cultured mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis. Biol Pharm Bull 1999;22(9):966-970. View abstract.

Kim, H. G., Shrestha, B., Lim, S. Y., Yoon, D. H., Chang, W. C., Shin, D. J., Han, S. K., Park, S. M., Park, J. H., Park, H. I., Sung, J. M., Jang, Y., Chung, N., Hwang, K. C., and Kim, T. W. Cordycepin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by the suppression of NF-kappaB through Akt and p38 inhibition in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Eur J Pharmacol 9-18-2006;545(2-3):192-199. View abstract.

Kim, J. R., Yeon, S. H., Kim, H. S., and Ahn, Y. J. Larvicidal activity against Plutella xylostella of cordycepin from the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris. Pest.Manag.Sci 2002;58(7):713-717. View abstract.

Kneifel, H., Konig, W. A., Loeffler, W., and Muller, R. Ophiocordin, an antifungal antibiotic of Cordyceps ophioglossoides. Arch Microbiol 5-13-1977;113(1-2):121-130. View abstract.

Koh, J. H., Suh, H. J., and Ahn, T. S. Hot-water extract from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis as a substitute for antibiotic growth promoters. Biotechnol.Lett 2003;25(7):585-590. View abstract.

Lee, H., Kim, Y. J., Kim, H. W., Lee, D. H., Sung, M. K., and Park, T. Induction of apoptosis by Cordyceps militaris through activation of caspase-3 in leukemia HL-60 cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006;29(4):670-674. View abstract.

Li, F. H., Liu, P., Xiong, W. G., and Xu, G. F. [Effects of Cordyceps sinensis on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats]. Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Xue.Bao. 2006;4(5):514-517. View abstract.

Li, S. P., Li, P., Dong, T. T., and Tsim, K. W. Anti-oxidation activity of different types of natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia. Phytomedicine 2001;8(3):207-212. View abstract.

Li, S. P., Zhang, G. H., Zeng, Q., Huang, Z. G., Wang, Y. T., Dong, T. T., and Tsim, K. W. Hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharide, with antioxidation, isolated from cultured Cordyceps mycelia. Phytomedicine 2006;13(6):428-433. View abstract.

Li, Y., Chen, G. Z., and Jiang, D. Z. Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on erythropoiesis in mouse bone marrow. Chin Med J (Engl) 1993;106(4):313-316. View abstract.

Li, Y., Xue, W. J., Tian, P. X., Ding, X. M., Yan, H., Pan, X. M., and Feng, X. S. Clinical application of Cordyceps sinensis on immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplantation. Transplant.Proc. 2009;41(5):1565-1569. View abstract.

Lin, C. Y., Ku, F. M., Kuo, Y. C., Chen, C. F., Chen, W. P., Chen, A., and Shiao, M. S. Inhibition of activated human mesangial cell proliferation by the natural product of Cordyceps sinensis (h2-A): an implication for treatment of IgA mesangial nephropathy. J.Lab Clin.Med. 1999;133(1):55-63. View abstract.

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The Scientific Evidence for the Health Benefits of Cordyceps

The Cordyceps fungus is said to have the power to fix a host of health problems, from muscle fatigue to diabetes. But are the claims too good to be true?

Credit: Getty ImagesAdvertisement

A stronger immune system, more energy, improved endurance, and better stamina … one ingredient promises all of that. Whether it’s as an extract, a pill, or powdered into your coffee, the cordyceps fungus is promoted as a one-stop-shop to cure what ails you. Known as Himalayan Gold because it is often farmed in the Himalayan plateaus, cordyceps has long been used in ancient Chinese and Tibetan medicine for curing diarrhea, headache, cough, rheumatism, liver disease, kidney disease, and much more. But is it too good to be true? 

What is Cordyceps?

As we discussed in a previous episode, the cordyceps fungus grows like a parasite out of the brains of insects and spiders. The fungus takes over the bodies and brains of its victims forcing their zombified bodies to permanently relocate to the trees and low-lying jungle plants where the conditions are ideal for the fungus to thrive. 

There are around 400 different species of cordyceps and many different biologically active compounds, but those most commonly used in medicine tend to be cordyceps sinesis and cordyceps militaris. A jar of 90 capsules will run you around $20, but if you want your dose straight from the source, a single dried wild Himalyana cordyceps sinsensis can cost $10 or more. 

»Continue reading “The Scientific Evidence for the Health Benefits of Cordyceps” on QuickAndDirtyTips.com

ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S)

Sabrina Stierwalt, PhD, is an astrophysicist at Occidental College and the host of the Everyday Einstein podcast on Quick and Dirty Tips.

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Supplement Types & Health Benefits

Cordyceps mushrooms seem to be all the rage right now. You see them in every adaptogen and pre-workout supplement. They’re being talked about extensively in the mushroom community and are one of the top superfoods.

So what is all the hype surrounding this fascinating fungus? Let’s first explore exactly what this fungus is and how it can benefit your health. Then we will look at the common variations of Cordyceps on the market and help decipher what to look for in a Cordyceps supplement.

In This Article:

1. What Are Cordyceps Mushrooms: Sinensis Vs. Militaris?
2. Types of Cordyceps Supplements
3. Health Benefits of Cordyceps Mushrooms
4. Supplementing with Cordyceps Mushrooms
5. Takeaways About Taking Cordyceps Mushrooms

What Are Cordyceps Mushrooms: Sinensis Vs. Militaris?

Cordyceps mushrooms are parasitic fungi that include over 400 different species. They grow all over the world in countries like China, Japan, India, the United States, Australia, Peru, Bolivia, and many more. They typically infect insects and arthropods, with each species of Cordyceps infecting a very specific bug.

The life cycle begins with Cordyceps spores landing on the insect. The spore germinates, and small thread-like filaments called hyphae will begin to grow inside the insect and turn into mycelium. The mycelium (the fungi’s root-like structure that will develop into a mushroom) continues to consume the insect from the inside.

When the fungal mycelium fully consumes the insect and the environmental conditions are correct, a blade-like mushroom (fruiting body) is produced from the insect’s head. The mushroom then releases spores and the life cycle starts over.

Wild Cordyceps sinensis mushrooms grow out of the caterpillar body it consumes. The caterpillar is below ground while the mushroom is above ground. ©Nammex

Here is a BBC Planet Earth clip of Cordyceps infecting ants:

Even the popular video game The Last of Us, feature Cordyceps as the main antagonist. In it, a mutant Cordyceps strain infects humans creating “Cordyceps zombies.” And no, Cordyceps does not really infect humans.

The video game The Last of Us features an imaginary Cordyceps strain that infects humans in the same way this fungus takes over live insect bodies in the natural world.

Wild Cordyceps Sinensis – The Caterpillar Fungus

The most well-known species of Cordyceps mushrooms is Cordyceps sinensis (now known officially as Ophiocordyceps sinensis), which infects the caterpillar of the Hepialus moth. It mainly grows at high elevations in Tibet and the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai and Gansu. It can also be found in India, Nepal, and Bhutan, but is less abundant there.

In Tibet, it is known as Yarsagumba or yartsa gunbu and in China it is known as Dōnɡ Chónɡ Xià Cǎo (冬虫夏草), which translate to summer grass, winter worm.

Due to the rapid rise in price on this precious resource (more below), it has been dubbed “Himilayan gold.” It has become a significant contributor to household income in the harvesting regions, so much so that there have been disputes over harvesting territory, and outsiders have tried to push their way in. There are now harvesting permits being issued by the Chinese government and local land holders for access to the growing regions. For more on Cordyceps harvesting and the lifestyle in Tibet, see Daniel Winkler’s article in Fungi Magazine.

More recently, concerns over the sustainability of Cordyceps sinensis have been raised around overharvesting, ecosystem degradation and climate change (12).

Cordyceps Sinensis and the Chinese Runners

This is an entire article in itself but it needs a brief mention.

Cordyceps sinensis made international headlines in 1993 at the Chinese national games in Beijing, when multiple Chinese runners shattered track and field records.

Most notable was Wang Jungxia, who beat the 10,000m world record by 42 seconds. This record lasted for 23 years.

Three days later, she came second to teammate Yunxia Qu in the 1500m. They both beat the previous world record, and Yunxia’s record stood for 22 years.

Two days after that, Wang posted a world record in the 3000m. This record still stands today, and four of the five best times in the 3000m come from Chinese athletes in these 1993 games.

Their coach, Ma Junren, claimed their success was due to a tonic of Cordyceps sinensis and turtle blood.

This Olympic runner’s story is touted all around the internet to promote Cordyceps products, but what is typically left out is that many of Ma’s athletes later failed drug tests. Because of this, Junren Ma was eventually dropped as part of the Chinese Olympic team.

This era of sports in the 80s to mid-90s was rife with doping scandals, and it begs the question: was their success really due to Cordyceps?

Why

Cordyceps Sinensis Is NOT in Your Cordyceps Supplement

It’s true, wild Cordyceps sinensis (shown below) is not in 99.9% of Cordyceps supplements because of its exceptionally high price tag. In fact, wild Cordyceps sinensis costs over $20,000 per kilogram, making it the most expensive mushroom in the world. It is almost exclusively sold in Asia and rarely makes it into the North American market.

Commonly shown in marketing materials, yet these are not in your supplements.

The high price tag of Cordyceps sinensis mushrooms (including the caterpillar) is due to the fact that for many years, Chinese scientists have been unable to cultivate this mushroom. This has fueled increased demand on a set supply of wild Cordyceps sinensis. Recently Chinese scientists figured out how to cultivate this mushroom, but it is not at a production scale yet to make an impact on wild Cordyceps sinensis prices and cultivators want to cash in on the high price tag of the wild version.

These Cordyceps sinensis have been cultivated using the Hepialus moth. They retail for upwards of $20,000 per kilogram. ©Real Mushrooms

Even though the majority of Cordyceps supplements do not contain the caterpillar fungus, this has not stopped many companies from using photos of Cordyceps sinensis in their marketing materials and label information. This has caused customers to believe they are consuming this mushroom. Sadly, they are not.

But if the caterpillar fungus (Cordyceps sinensis) isn’t in your supplements, then WHAT is?

Types of Cordyceps Supplements

There are 3 types of Cordyceps supplements that are commonly found on the market as replacements for the extravagantly-priced Cordyceps sinensis:

Cordyceps Cs-4

In the 1980s, when wild Cordyceps sinensis was gaining in popularity and the price tag kept climbing, scientists in China set out to cultivate this fungus. Many tried and many failed. Still to this day, there is no affordable cultivated version of this mushroom. What the scientists did end up with are Cordyceps anamorphs, mycelium cultures that are unable to produce a mushroom (fruiting body).

These anamorphs were grown in a liquid growth medium to create mass amounts of pure mycelium.

This process is known as liquid culture mycelium, or liquid fermentation, and involves growing the mycelium in a liquid solution of nutrients that can then be removed, leaving you with pure mycelium. Most mycelium research is based on liquid fermentation mycelium.

Liquid fermentation mycelium factory in China. ©Real Mushrooms

These anamorphs were studied extensively and found to produce similar results to wild Cordyceps sinensis. This ended up turning into what is now known as Cordyceps Cs-4. After undergoing clinical trials in China, the Chinese government approved its use in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) hospitals and it is now recognized as a safe natural product in China.

If a Cordyceps supplement is claiming to be Cordyceps sinensis and it is made in China, it is almost certainly Cordyceps Cs-4.

Other Cs-4 products may also be labeled as Paecilomyces hepiali, which is an anamorph form of Cordyceps sinensis.

Do not confuse Cordyceps Cs-4 (pure mycelium) with Cordyceps myceliated grain (below), as these are very different products.

Cordyceps Myceliated Grain

Due to the fact that it is not economical to grow mushrooms in North America for supplement use, if a Cordyceps product is grown in North America, it is almost certainly Cordyceps myceliated grain.

Myceliated grain can also go by mycelium on grain (MOG), mycelium biomass, or grain spawn.

Myceliated grain products are typically labeled as Cordyceps sinensis or Cordyceps militaris.

Instead of growing the mycelium in liquid like what is used for Cordyceps Cs-4, the mycelium is instead grown in a plastic bag containing sterilized grain. This can also be referred to as solid-state fermentation.

Mycelium growing on a sterilized grain substrate. ©Nammex

The issue here is that unlike being in liquid, the mycelium cannot be separated from the grain, so the grain ends up in the final product. This reduces the volume of desirable Cordyceps compounds found in the final supplement product.

With mycelium-on-grain products, the mycelium does not fully consume the grain, so much of the final product is actually the grain the mycelium grows on. This is most apparent with Cordyceps mushrooms, as it is a slow-growing fungus.

From the table below, you see a high amount of alpha-glucans, which represent starch from the grain. Starch is an alpha-glucan. Therefore, the grain medium the Cordyceps mycelium grows on is nowhere close to being fully consumed by the fungus.

The high amount of grain translates into a low amount of mycelium, and this is confirmed in the low beta-glucan numbers. This is why it is important to measure beta-glucans and not polysaccharides for medicinal mushroom products. These samples can tout high polysaccharide numbers (beta + alpha), but the majority of them come from non-beneficial starches, which are alpha-glucans.

Beta-glucan and Alpha-glucan results of Cordyceps mycelium grown on grain: (3,4).

The three Cordyceps myceliated-grain samples tested indicated a high level of Alpha-glucans (from the grain). There are low amounts of desirable fungal beta-glucans in this kind of product.

Cs-4 vs Myceliated Grain

Myceliated grain is often justified by referencing research on pure mycelium made through liquid fermentation.

As pointed out above with Cs-4, Cordyceps myceliated grain is very different from Cordyceps Cs-4, so using Cordyceps Cs-4 research to justify the use of Cordyceps myceliated grain is not valid and is misleading to the consumer.

The higher amount of Beta-glucans in the pure Cs-4 mycelium demonstrates how much more diluted the myceliated grain is in beneficial active compounds.

Extract of Cordyceps Mushrooms (Militaris)

There is currently one type of Cordyceps species that can be commercially cultivated at scale to produce a mushroom (fruiting body), and it is becoming quite popular. This is Cordyceps militaris. By using Cordyceps militaris, for the first time, true Cordyceps mushroom extracts can be made.

Cordyceps militaris mushrooms (fruiting bodies) ©Nammex

Since they are derived from the mushroom (versus the mycelium), there are much higher levels of the important beta-glucans.

Our Cordyceps-M product, which is extracted exclusively from organic Cordyceps militaris mushrooms, has greater than 25% beta-glucans. Compare that to Cs-4, which typically has less than 10% beta-glucans, and Cordyceps mycelium on grain, which typically has 1-3% beta-glucans.

One of the unique things about Cordyceps militaris is that it produces the compound cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) in much higher amounts when compared to Cordyceps sinensis.

Yuan, J. P., Zhao, S. Y., Wang, J. H., Kuang, H. C., Liu, X., Uan, J. I. A. N. I. N. G. Y., … Iu, X. I. N. L. (2008). Distribution of nucleosides and nucleobases in edible fungi. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(3), 809–815.

As seen from the table above, Cordyceps militaris has up to 90 times more cordycepin (column “Co”) when compared with the wild Cordyceps sinensis. Cs-4 would likely have even less cordycepin than wild Cordyceps sinensis, and Cordyceps mycelium on grain would have almost no cordycepin due to the low amount of mycelium present.

This is very important, as products touting the benefits of cordycepin and labelled as Cordyceps sinensis would likely have undetectable amounts of this phyto-nutrient. Either that, or the product is improperly labelled as Cordyceps sinensis when it is actually Cordyceps militaris, which, by the way, is against FDA regulations and very misleading to consumers.

Note that Cordyceps militaris products grown in North America are still myceliated grain and not a true mushroom extract. Pure mushroom extract powders almost solely come from Asia, with China accounting for over 90% of the world’s mushroom production.

More and more research is coming out showing that Cordyceps militaris has similar benefits to traditional wild Cordyceps sinensis. It has traditionally been used as an alternative to Cordyceps sinensis in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Nutritional Comparison between Cordyceps mushroom extracts & mycelium grain

A nutritional comparison of Cordyceps militaris mushroom and Cordyceps myceliated grain as well as the grain the mycelium grows on. Data provided by Nammex.

Cordycepic Acid & Other Nucleosides

Cordycepic acid is not to be confused with cordycepin, which is a unique compound in Cordyceps. Many Cordyceps products talk about Cordycepic acid (sometimes spelled Cordyceptic) as a beneficial compound in Cordyceps. But this was debunked back in the 1960s as not being a compound unique to Cordyceps, but a compound that is found in all medicinal mushrooms, which is D-Mannitol or Mannitol (1).

Other nucleosides like adenine, adenosine and uridine, which are commonly touted in Cordyceps, are also found in other fungi as well (see table above).

Health Benefits of Cordyceps Mushrooms

Now that we’ve dispelled a lot of the misinformation around Cordyceps, let’s look at some of the benefits of using Cordyceps.

Health benefits of Cordyceps mushrooms, at a glance:

Traditional Chinese Medicinal Uses

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Cordyceps mushrooms are considered a very special tonic. Called Dōnɡ Chónɡ Xià Cǎo (冬虫夏草), these mushrooms were offered to the Emperor’s court and others among Chinese nobility. The first written record was mentioned in the year AD 620. Traditionally it was used as a lung and kidney tonic, making it useful for respiratory complaints, physical tiredness, and for those with a weak constitution. Sexual function, libido, and performance are also keynotes for Cordyceps mushrooms’ traditional use.

Cordyceps is considered a jing tonic by nourishing yin, boosting yang, and supporting kidney essence. Essence is considered to be the elixir of life in TCM. Essence comes from lifestyle (post-natal qi: breathing, diet, meditation, mushrooms and herbs) or from energetic reserves we are born with (pre-natal qi). Cordyceps is considered to be placed on equal value with other valued tonics like ginseng, reishi and deer antler velvet.

Cordyceps mushrooms have a sweet flavor and are slightly warm in energetics. These more subtle qualities of Cordyceps are used to make sure Cordyceps isn’t used in the wrong scenarios. For example, due to the stimulating and strengthening nature of Cordyceps mushrooms, they are contraindicated in conditions with lung heat based on their ability to not only strengthen the person but also the current state of the body.

There have been 50 medicines and two Cordyceps supplements approved in China since 2002.

Think vigor and vitality when looking at the traditional applications of Cordyceps: a secret tonic traditionally used to strengthen, rebuild and energize the body and mind.

Increase Exercise Performance

Supplements of Cordyceps mushrooms showed improved exercise performance in healthy older patients, as demonstrated by improved respiratory and metabolic functioning (44). This study took 20 healthy elderly individuals ages 50-75. One group was the control, and the other group took 999 mg of Cs-4 (three 333-mg capsules) per day. The subjects performed the stationary cycle ergometer using breath-by-breath examination at baseline and the end of the study. The results were quite good! Following 12 weeks of Cs-4 supplementation, the healthy elderly individuals’ lactate threshold increased by 10.5%, and their ventilatory threshold increased by 8.5%. On the other hand, the control group saw no changes in VO2 max (5).

Similar results were shown in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, which showed a 7% improvement in VO2max in healthy older individuals, this time in a bigger sample size (48).

Cordyceps was shown in a small study to have no effect on aerobic capacity in trained athletes. The researchers theorize that trained athletes are already close to their aerobic capacity, and Cordyceps’ mechanisms of action have less of an effect (45).

Another human study supported the use of Cordyceps on energy and sympathetic activation during exercise (49).

Animal studies show that the polysaccharides in Cordyceps mushrooms can have an anti-tiredness effect and improve exercise performance biomarkers (46). One such study found that rodents that received two weeks of Cordyceps militaris (CM) supplementation displayed greater levels of delayed tiredness compared to rodents not given Cordyceps militaris. Not only that, but the CM rodent group had higher levels of ATP, antioxidant enzyme levels and best of all, lower levels of lactic acid (a key component affecting tiredness and time to exercise-induced exhaustion). In other words, these rodents were able to push longer and harder without tiring out as quickly (8).

Cordyceps mushrooms have been documented to have antioxidative effects (50). In theory, this could support athletes during and after their performance. Recovery is a critical time often overlooked by athletes of all levels. Athletes using Cordyceps for performance enhancement should also consider its recovery potential.

For more information about the use of Cordyceps mushrooms and other functional fungi to support exercise performance and athletics, read our article on Stimulant-Free Pre-Workout & Post-Workout Mushroom Supplements.

Support Healthy Inflammation Response

Preliminary human and animal cell studies suggest Cordyceps may support healthy levels of inflammation and immune markers (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20). Beta-glucans and cordycepin in Cordyceps militaris have been theorized to be the main compounds responsible for their apparent ability to support a healthy inflammation response (14, 23).

Mouse studies on blood sugar balance suggest that Cordyceps mushrooms may support the health of pancreatic beta cells (21). The immunomodulating and inflammation-balancing properties of Cordyceps may help rebalance the T regulatory and Th27 cell ratio seen in one mouse study (22).

Age-related inflammation of the cells and mitochondria can be influenced by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. In vitro and in vivo animal research suggests Cordyceps helps oxygen delivery at a cellular level, which may support a healthy inflammation response (25).

Animal research indicates Cordyceps mushrooms may have an effect on adenosine receptors, which explains some of its inflammation-balancing properties (55, 56).

Support Healthy Testosterone Levels

Traditionally, Cordyceps mushrooms were used as an aphrodisiac to support sexual performance and healthy libido. Modern science indicates they may support healthy levels of androgens in men.

One animal study showed that Cordyceps helped mitigate the impact of bisphenol A (BPA, a hormone-disrupting plastic) on the reproductive system while supporting healthy testosterone levels, sperm motility, and sperm count (26).

Cordycepin may support healthy steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) enzyme, which allows the starting substrate of all hormones, cholesterol, to enter the mitochondria for the production of steroid hormones. Cholesterol is converted to pregnenolone and pregnenolone to testosterone (27, 28).

A lot of individuals looking to support healthy levels of testosterone often make the mistake of overtraining. Overtraining can lead to an increase in free radicals, leading to oxidative stress and a negative impact on the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal and gonadal axis (29). Cordyceps mushrooms also have abundant have anti-oxidative properties (30).

A pilot endurance athlete study (7 participants) showed that Cordyceps supplementation combined with reishi mushroom supplementation decreased overtraining markers and supported healthy testosterone to cortisol ratio. This same study showed decreases in oxidative stress (32).

A small study sample (16 participants) showed that young, healthy male adults showed no support of physical endurance or testosterone levels when supplementing with 2.4g/day of cordyceps (33). Again, this may be similar to the VO2 max studies showing that Cordyceps may have less of an effect on physically fit individuals.

Less may be more when looking at dosing for hormonal-balancing effects; a few of these animal studies showed better results with the lower dosage (1% vs 5%).

Libido Enhancement

Cordyceps mushrooms were used traditionally to support libido and all things related to sexual functioning, but clinical data is lacking in this area.

Most of the in vitro studies and in vivo animal studies suggest that Cordyceps’ libido-enhancing effects may come from its hormone-supportive actions.

A study on individuals with low libido treated with cultured Cordyceps showed a 64.5% subjective improvement (41). A 2016 review referenced a Cordyceps study which increased libido and sexual performance in men and women (62).

One other thing to consider is that medicinal mushrooms may be 5-alpha-reductase (5AR) inhibitors, which could prevent testosterone from being converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This is why you see claims that medicinal mushrooms can support healthy hair in men over 50 (63). Whether or not that is true remains to be seen.

The evidence to support the libido-enhancing effects of Cordyceps mushrooms is weak at best. Other than traditional and historic use, there is minimal research (34, 35). However, taking into consideration the other positive physiological effects Cordyceps mushrooms exert, they may support a healthy sex drive, as libido has biopsychosocial factors.

Maintain Blood Sugar Balance

Maintaining a healthy blood sugar balance is important since imbalances can negatively affect the kidneys due to increased oxidative stress.

Animal studies suggest that Cordyceps mushrooms may help maintain blood sugar levels already within a healthy range (36). Cordyceps mushrooms also appear to have kidney-protective and antioxidant effects (37).

Further evidence is needed to explore the preliminary findings of Cordyceps’ biomedical application in supporting kidney function (38).

There is currently no randomized clinical trial data to support Cordyceps assisting with blood sugar balance.

Maintain Heart Health

In animal studies, Cordyceps mushrooms appear to help maintain LDL cholesterol levels already within a healthy range (41, 42).

Cordyceps’ protective role toward the cardiovascular system may be due to its adenosine and antioxidative effects. The compounds in Cordyceps mushrooms are thought to activate adenosine receptors, which can provide some cardioprotective effects. In fact, Cordyceps is used in China to support a regular heart rhythm (43).

Cordyceps’ possible performance enhancement mentioned above is another significant indicator of its effect on the cardiovascular system. (44,46,47,48,49).

Soothe Everyday Worry

Direct data regarding everyday worry and Cordyceps is lacking, though there is some supportive research.

Cordyceps mushrooms may theoretically help relieve occasional stress, which has been associated with higher levels of oxidation (52, 53). Cordyceps decreases oxidative stress while providing support to the psychoneuroimmunology processes in the body (i.e.processes in which psychology, neurology, and immunology interact). Adaptogens are mediators of this system with their ability to build resilience (54).

Animal studies show that cordycepin may be neuroprotective in certain populations and conditions (57). Synaptic functions (needed to transmit nerve impulses) depend on healthy mitochondria and ATP for proper functioning (58)

Cordyceps mushrooms are considered a stimulating adaptogen, meaning it is more energizing compared to other adaptogens that are more neutral, calming, or restorative. An example of a calming adaptogen is holy basil. TCM, energetic herbalism, and Ayurvedic knowledge have best understood the applications of different classes of adaptogens.

Supplementing with Cordyceps Mushrooms: Safety, Dosage, and Side Effects

Safety

Cordyceps mushroom extracts may interact with anti-coagulant, immunosuppressant, hormone replacement, and prednisolone medications.

Cordyceps may be contraindicated in breast and prostate cancer until further studies are performed (59).

In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cordyceps is contraindicated in acute fever, flu, or other pathogen invasions.

Dosage

The typical dosage in the scientific literature is 1-3 g/day of Cordyceps extract powder. However, this depends on the form of Cordyceps and the potency.

Generally speaking, higher doses have been found effective in research. One human clinical study used 4g/day for exercise performance enhancement (47). Even higher doses can be considered for specific immune support with the recommendation from a medical professional.

Side Effects

Cordyceps is considered a generally well-tolerated supplement with limited side effects. Some users may experience mild diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal discomfort, which may be decreased by taking Cordyceps after a meal. There has been one case of a slight decrease in kidney function in an already compromised individual (60).

Cordyceps extract may cause anxiety in some individuals due to its energizing nature; Cordyceps has been shown to increase ATP production in rodents (8). An individual’s constitution and adrenal function status is something to consider when using this medicinal mushroom.

How to Take Cordyceps Mushrooms

The easiest way to take advantage of the health benefits of Cordyceps militaris mushrooms is to use an extract, either in capsule or powder form. The cell wall of mushrooms is made up of chitin, which is the same substance that makes up crab shells. By extracting the mushrooms, this chitin will break down, allowing the body to have better access to the active constituents.

Extracting Cordyceps mushrooms produces a powder that is highly concentrated in bioactive compounds like beta-glucans and cordycepin. This is the method that Real Mushrooms uses with our organically-farmed mushrooms to produce the potent supplements we offer.

In comparison, eating Cordyceps militaris mushrooms or using a myceliated grain-based Cordyceps supplement will provide much smaller concentrations of the beneficial constituents.

Recipes with Extract of Cordyceps Mushrooms

While Real Mushrooms allows for simplicity of use by offering encapsulated Organic Cordyceps Extract Capsules, we also offer pouches of Organic Cordyceps Mushroom Extract Powder, so the extract can easily be incorporated into healthy recipes. Once you discover the pleasure of taking our Cordyceps powder, the sky’s the limit for its uses in smoothies, stews, coffee, stir frys, and other meals and drinks.

To spark your creative application of Cordyceps powder in your diet, consider trying one of the recipes that Real Mushroom users and health practitioners have submitted:

Takeaways About Taking Cordyceps Mushrooms

It is very important when selecting a Cordyceps mushrooms product to know exactly where it came from and how it was made. Scrutinize the label and Supplements Facts panel very carefully.

Here are 6 primary takeaways to remember about Cordyceps supplements:

1. Cordyceps sinensis, the caterpillar fungus, is not in 99.9% of Cordyceps supplements due to its price tag. Anything claiming to contain the caterpillar fungus should be heavily investigated.
2. Cordyceps militaris is currently the only species able to be cultivated at scale to create a mushroom extract, and mushroom extract powders almost solely come from Asia.
3. North American-grown Cordyceps products are myceliated grain, and that grain ends up being a large portion of the final product.
4. Look for certified organic sources.
5. Make sure the Supplements Facts panel specifies beta-glucan content.
6. As with most medicinal mushrooms, clinical data is still limited, so we are required to extrapolate and infer from in vitro and in vivo data.

We always recommend selecting products that are extracted from the mushroom (fruiting body), ideally certified organic, with measured levels of beta-glucans, like our very own Cordyceps mushroom extract. For more information about buying mushroom supplements and what to look out for, visit our article on the difference between mycelium and fruiting bodies for medicinal uses.

*Disclaimer: The statements made in this article have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Any products mentioned are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The information in this article is intended for educational purposes. The information is not intended to replace medical advice offered by licensed medical physicians. Please consult your doctor or health practitioner for any medical advice.

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45. Parcell, A. C., Smith, J. M., Schulthies, S. S., Myrer, J. W., & Fellingham, G. (2004). Cordyceps Sinensis (CordyMax Cs-4) supplementation does not improve endurance exercise performance. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 14(2), 236–242. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.14.2.236
46. Xu Y. F. (2016). Effect of Polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes) on Physical Fatigue Induced by Forced Swimming. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 18(12), 1083–1092. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v18.i12.30
47. Hirsch, K. R., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Roelofs, E. J., Trexler, E. T., & Mock, M. G. (2017). Cordyceps militaris Improves Tolerance to High-Intensity Exercise After Acute and Chronic Supplementation. Journal of dietary supplements, 14(1), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2016.1203386
48. Yi, X., Xi-zhen, H. & Jia-shi, Z. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial and assessment of fermentation product of Cordyceps sinensis (Cs-4) in enhancing aerobic capacity and respiratory function of the healthy elderly volunteers. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 10, 187–192 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02836405
49. Nagata, A., Tajima, T., & Uchida, M. (2006). Supplemental anti-fatigue effects of Cordyceps sinensis (Tochu-Kaso) extract powder during three stepwise exercise of human. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 55(Supplement), S145-S152.
50. Yu, H. M., Wang, B. S., Huang, S. C., & Duh, P. D. (2006). Comparison of protective effects between cultured Cordyceps militaris and natural Cordyceps sinensis against oxidative damage. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 54(8), 3132–3138. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf053111w
51. He, T., Zhao, R., Lu, Y., Li, W., Hou, X., Sun, Y., Dong, M., & Chen, L. (2016). Dual-Directional Immunomodulatory Effects of Corbrin Capsule on Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2016, 1360386. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1360386
52. Pitsavos, C., Panagiotakos, D. B., Papageorgiou, C., Tsetsekou, E., Soldatos, C., & Stefanadis, C. (2006). Anxiety in relation to inflammation and coagulation markers, among healthy adults: the ATTICA study. Atherosclerosis, 185(2), 320–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.001
53. Liukkonen, T., Räsänen, P., Jokelainen, J., Leinonen, M., Järvelin, M. R., Meyer-Rochow, V. B., & Timonen, M. (2011). The association between anxiety and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels: results from the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort study. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 26(6), 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.02.001
54. Seely, D., & Singh, R. (2007). Adaptogenic potential of a polyherbal natural health product: report on a longitudinal clinical trial. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 4(3), 375–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nel101
55. Coelho, J. E., Alves, P., Canas, P. M., Valadas, J. S., Shmidt, T., Batalha, V. L., Ferreira, D. G., Ribeiro, J. A., Bader, M., Cunha, R. A., do Couto, F. S., & Lopes, L. V. (2014). Overexpression of Adenosine A2A Receptors in Rats: Effects on Depression, Locomotion, and Anxiety. Frontiers in psychiatry, 5, 67. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00067
56. Gessi, S., Merighi, S., & Borea, P. A. (2014). Targeting adenosine receptors to prevent inflammatory skin diseases. Experimental dermatology, 23(8), 553–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.12474
57. J. Wang, Y.-M. Liu, W. Cao, K.-W. Yao, Z.-Q. Liu, and J.-Y. Guo, “Anti-inflammation and antioxidant effect of cordymin, a peptide purified from the medicinal mushroom Cordyceps sinensis, in middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats,” Metabolic Brain Disease, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 159–165, 2012.
58. Pathak, D., Shields, L. Y., Mendelsohn, B. A., Haddad, D., Lin, W., Gerencser, A. A., Kim, H., Brand, M. D., Edwards, R. H., & Nakamura, K. (2015). The role of mitochondrially derived ATP in synaptic vesicle recycling. The Journal of biological chemistry, 290(37), 22325–22336. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.656405
59. Ma, M. W., Gao, X. S., Yu, H. L., Qi, X., Sun, S. Q., & Wang, D. (2018). Cordyceps sinensis Promotes the Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells. Nutrition and cancer, 70(7), 1166–1172. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2018.1504091
60. Ong, B. Y., & Aziz, Z. (2017). Efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis as an adjunctive treatment in kidney transplant patients: A systematic-review and meta-analysis. Complementary therapies in medicine, 30, 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2016.12.007
61. Zhang, H. W., Lin, Z. X., Tung, Y. S., Kwan, T. H., Mok, C. K., Leung, C., & Chan, L. S. (2014). Cordyceps sinensis (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (12), CD008353. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008353.pub2
62. Jiraungkoorskul, K., & Jiraungkoorskul, W. (2016). Review of Naturopathy of Medical Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps Sinensis, in Sexual Dysfunction. Pharmacognosy reviews, 10(19), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.176566
63. Grant, P., & Ramasamy, S. (2012). An update on plant derived anti-androgens. International journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 10(2), 497–502. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.3644

What Does Science Say About the Health Benefits of Cordyceps?

It was a warm day on Sept. 8, 1993, when 20-year-old Wang Junxia took to the track at Beijing Workers’ Stadium for the 10,000-meter race at the National Games of China. During the months prior she had already earned the title of the fastest female Asian marathoner, set a national record in the 3000-meter at the Chinese National Championships and won a world title in the 10,000-meter contest.

But this 10,000-meter event in 1993 would not only place the cross-country star in the record books, it would also light a worldwide interest in an otherwise little-known fungus: the cordyceps.

Wang broke ahead of the pack of runners early in the race, not only maintaining the lead but getting faster with each lap. Her stride lengthened, her paced quickened. She appeared to run so effortlessly she barely broke a sweat. When Wang crossed the finish line at 29 minutes and 31 seconds, she looked refreshed, like she could run another 10,000 meters, one sports commentator said. Moments later, Wang trotted down the track waving the Chinese flag as her fellow competitors collapsed, finishing several seconds behind her.

In that moment, Wang had accomplished what no other woman on Earth had done: She ran 10,000 meters in less than 30 minutes, a World Record that would hold for the next 23 years. When asked the secret of the young runner’s success, her coach, Ma Junren, gave credit to Wang’s regular consumption of a tonic containing cordyceps.

What Are Cordyceps?

Cordyceps are technically not mushrooms. They’re a type of parasitic fungus. More than 400 species grow in different parts of the world, commonly Asia, but also in Bolivia, Peru and the United States. These fungi tend to thrive in tropical rain forests.

But the type reportedly consumed by Wang during her training and credited for giving her an athletic edge is from a species once known as Cordyceps sinensis, now scientifically known as Ophicordyceps sinensis or O. sinensis. This species is found naturally in China, Nepal, Tibet and India.

O. sinensis are entomopathicgenic fungus, meaning it grows on insects. This species, in particular, grows on the caterpillar of the Thitarodes ghost moth, which live in elevations above 10,000 feet (3,048 meters). The fungal spores attach to the caterpillar and slowly consume its body. As the larvae begins to die, it burrows into the ground. As the fungus grows, it sends a small beige-orange shoot, or fruiting body, up through the soil. These are harvested beginning in late May with pickaxes to gently upturn clumps of dirt. O. sinensis bring in big bucks, but ones with the caterpillar still attached fetch far more money than those without.

These unusual fungi have acquired several nicknames, too. The Tibetans call it “yartsa gunbu,” meaning “summer grass, winter worm,” which describes when the larva and fungus remain intact. The Nepalese call it the keera jhar, or insect herb. Because the fungus must consume its host to grow, it’s also referred to as “caterpillar fungus” and more casually, “zombie fungus.”

What’s the Health Hype?

What drew locals to even sample cordyceps in the first place were yaks. Centuries ago, herders in Nepal would take their yaks to higher elevations to graze in the fresh spring grasses. Afterward, the herdsmen noticed the animals were more active and aggressive during rutting.

Curious what might be causing such vigor in their cattle, the herdsmen took closer notice of what the yaks were eating and discovered among the grass the fruiting body of the O. sinensis rising up through the blades. Adventurous herdsmen apparently thought, what’s good for the goose is good for the gander, and consumed it themselves. Finding it quite satisfactory, the fungus was then gathered for its aphrodisiac qualities.

The first known reference of its medicinal uses date back to a 15th-century Tibetan text, which credits O. sinensis as being “the most marvelous of all pleasures.” It was first used in traditional Chinese medicine to increase longevity and cure erectile dysfunction, and has grown among traditional healers to treat as many as 21 different ailments, from cancer and tuberculosis to colds and jaundice.

Cordyceps contain the active ingredient cordycepin, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. The fungus is believed to enhance oxygen utilization and increase blood flow, which may improve athletic performance and is considered the secret to Wang’s success.

Wang’s showing at the National Games did a lot to raise awareness of the fungus. But in 2003, during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, O. sinensis was touted as a cure, and sales exploded, as did the price. Today they can cost as much as $20,000 a kilogram, according Realmushrooms.com, making it the most expensive fungus in the world.

Know What’s in Your Supplement

A quick Google search unearths dozens of “Cordyceps supplements” in the form of tinctures, powders, pills and teas. These may contain cordycepin, the same active ingredient in O. sinensis, but they are most likely not made with wild O. sinensis fungi. This is primarily because O. sinensis demands such a high price.

When demand skyrocketed in the 1980s, scientists and supplement manufacturers in China found ways to cultivate cordyceps anamorphs, essentially mycelium (where cordycepin is found) that do not produce fruiting bodies. These anamorphs, known as cordyceps Cs-4, have been found to be similar to O. sinensis grown in the wild.

“On one level, these are different organisms, not even in the same family, but they share some of the active ingredients,” ethno-mycologist Daniel Winkler, who runs Mushroaming.com, says via email. In 2007, Cordyceps sinensis and several other cordyceps were moved from the genus Cordyceps to the genus Ophiocordyceps. “If you buy Ophiocordyceps sinensis in a supplement store in the West, these products do not contain O. sinensis but Paecilomyces sinensis, a related fungus living within the wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis.”

“Most medical research has been carried out using this fungus known as Cs-4 (cordyceps sinensis strain No. 4),” with promising results, Winkler says. “But recently DNA analyses revealed this strain not to be identical to Ophiocordyceps sinensis.”

In the United States, some manufacturers have developed ways to grow cordyceps on grain, referred to as cordyceps militaris. From this they create cordyceps mushroom extracts that are promoted for similar health benefits as O. sinensis.

The species cordyceps militaris has been found to have anti-fatigue effects in mice. Other studies — also only on mice — found that extracts of cordyceps sinesis and cordyceps militarisimproved brain function and boosted antioxidative enzyme activity, which could fight cell damage that comes with aging. Cordyceps sinesis also improved the sexual function of castrated rats. More studies need to be performed to know whether the same results would be replicated in humans.

Other studies have shown it difficult to determine how much mycelium or cordycepin is actually in cordyceps militaris. Some supplements that contain cordyceps militaris tout the benefits of their products by using cordyceps Cs-4 research, which is misleading.

And limited government oversight of supplements further muddies the water, making it difficult for consumers to know whether the products they buy actually contain the active ingredient or dosage listed on the label. In short, you should research to determine if a supplement is authentic and trustworthy.

It is also important to note that while Wang Junxia’s 1993 athletic performance may have been aided by her use of caterpillar fungus, there may have been other factors in play. In 2016, she admitted that during her best running season when she broke the world record, she was involved in a Chinese state-sponsored doping regime.

Originally Published: Aug 20, 2020

Top 7 Benefits of This Miracle Mushroom

For centuries, traditional Chinese medicine practitioners used Cordyceps to give men a natural boost of vitality. That’s one of the reasons why it’s so popular in coffee blends these days. Men are, once again, turning to medicinal mushrooms like Cordyceps to boost sex drive, energy, and exercise performance.^{[1, 2]}

Ang Wang, a Chinese author from the 1600s, brought Cordyceps to the world’s attention. He wrote about its uses in his 1694 book, The Classic of Herbal Medicine, a record of all known Chinese medicinal herbs.

What Is Cordyceps?

Though often called a mushroom, Cordyceps is a mushroom-like fungus. It’s native to high-altitude prairies of the Himalayan mountains, particularly in the Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Gansu provinces of China.^[1]

Aside from the booming world of mushroom coffee, you can take Cordyceps supplements in powder, liquid extract, and capsule forms.

You can find two main species in supplements: Cordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris. Cordyceps sinensis spores land on a caterpillar and consume it. These fruiting bodies resemble the caterpillar host and are not vegan — they can not be cultivated without the use of insects. Further, because of collection from the wild, they’ve become rare and hard to find, bringing their cost sky-high.

Cordyceps militaris have orange-red club-shaped fruiting bodies that — in the wild — grow out of pupa in the ground. However, most supplements are grown on farms without the use of insects. Cultivated varieties grow on grains, such as brown rice and are vegan.

Your supplement may contain mycelium, or the branching “hyphae” of a fungus that usually grows underground, the fruiting body, and some starch from the food source. Together, these components contain alpha and beta-glucans, cordycepin, and other health-giving nutrients.^{[1, 2, 3]}

How Cordyceps Can Boost Your Health

Below, we’ve listed the top seven ways Cordyceps benefits your health.

1. Enhances Sex Drive

People in Asian cultures refer to Cordyceps as “Himalayan Viagra.”^[4] Historically, people have turned to Cordyceps when they want a little boost of sexual energy. Not only does it enhance your libido, but it also helps keep your reproductive systems working properly.^{[1, 2]}

Long-term use of the active ingredient cordycepin may promote normal testicular function, countering the effects of middle age decline.^[5] Thanks to the testosterone boost, Cordyceps could be the best natural product to take for low sex drive — eliminating unnecessary chemicals and their side effects on your body.

2. Boosts Your Energy

Bust through drowsiness with a boost from Cordyceps, used in Asia to beat fatigue.^{[1, 2]} The fungus has adaptogen properties — which means it helps the body adapt to stress.

Stress often comes with exhaustion, so Cordyceps can boost energy, performance, and reduce fatigue. It’s helpful if you are frequently sleepy or if you are recovering from something. Regularly taking Cordyceps promotes healthy energy levels. That way, when you aren’t (appropriately) tired, you can get more done at a more efficient rate.

3. May Improve Exercise Performance

Cordyceps may give a boost to your exercise performance. This fungal supplement works by helping muscles use oxygen more efficiently during exercise. It supports enhanced blood flow through the body. Studies showed that Cordyceps acts as an antioxidant, countering the harm from free radicals.^[1]

These combined effects create a noticeable increase in athletic performance. Your body may end up with a higher capacity for aerobic exercise, as well as more power during high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Not only that, you’ll also come out on the other side with less muscle stress and fatigue.^{[1, 6]}

4. Promotes Healthy Aging

Traditional healers throughout the Sikkim region of India and Tibet found that yaks, goats, and sheep consuming Cordyceps sinensis stayed youthful longer.^[7] After that observation, they started using it to support increased longevity in people, as well. This led to its widespread use in traditional Chinese medicine.

Today, people have overharvested Cordyceps sinensis in the wild. It’s so rare that most people get a farm-cultivated version of Cordyceps militaris, instead, which has similar health benefits.^[1]

Cordyceps has positive effects on your brain health and performance.^[1] No more forgetting where your keys or glasses are!

5. Supports Gut Health

The microbiome inside your belly is essential for proper gut health and digestion. About 80 percent of your immune system is in your gut. Taking Cordyceps modulates the gut and immune system, helping you maintain a healthy, balanced digestive system.^[1]

Harmful bacteria are no match for Cordyceps. This fungus can deter harmful organisms while supporting good bacteria. Your microbiome will flourish.^[1]

6. Promotes Kidney & Liver Health

This fungus supports improved kidney function and liver health. These organs naturally detoxify your body. Not only does Cordyceps promote a normal response to inflammation, but it also protects these organs at a cellular level.^{[1, 2]}

If your kidneys aren’t healthy, you increase your risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Cordyceps helps protect renal function overall.^{[1, 2]} Cordyceps protects kidneys by promoting a normal response to inflammation and preventing chemical processes in these vital organs from getting off-kilter.^[1]

7. Boosts Your Immune System

Your immune system has three parts. First, you have the physical parts of your body that prevent viruses and bacteria from getting inside, like your nostrils. Second, your innate immune system immediately reacts to eliminate intruders that do enter. Third, your adaptive immune system acts in a way that’s specific to each pathogen. For example, once you’re exposed to a virus, like Varicella (chickenpox), you’re unlikely to get it again because of the adaptive immune system.^[1]

Research on Cordyceps shows that it influences both the innate and adaptive immune systems. It modulates both systems at once, supporting your body at a cellular level.^[1]

Best Ways to Use Cordyceps

Reputable supplement manufacturers use mycelia and sometimes the fruiting bodies of Cordyceps.^[1] It’s generally mixed into another product. Below are some of the ways you can find this supplement.

Mushroom Coffee

Mushroom coffees have become very popular, and you’ll often see Cordyceps with Chaga, lion’s mane, maitake, and reishi — plus coffee grounds.

Capsules

Choose vegan capsules filled with Cordyceps militaris — with or without other herbs — for the healthiest option.

Liquid Supplements

Taken with a dropper, liquid supplements are often Cordyceps mixed with other herbs. Global Healing’s Androtrex® Raw Herbal Extract is a male vitality supplement that includes Cordyceps militaris along with ashwagandha, Panax ginseng, Maca, and other herbs that boost stamina, libido, and energy.

Look for certified organic labels, plant-based products, thorough lists of ingredients, and complete and easy-to-read directions.

For all supplements, choose certified-organic, plant-based products.

Points to Remember

Cordyceps is a mushroom-like fungus that people have used as a traditional herbal medicine for hundreds of years. It enhances sex drive, counters the effects of aging, and boosts gut, kidney, liver, and immune health. Cordyceps also increases energy and revs up athletic performance.

Cordyceps will likely be mixed in with other ingredients when you take it, like in Global Healing’s Androtrex, an all-natural vitality booster for men.

References (7)

1. Lin B-Q, Li S-P. Cordyceps as an Herbal Drug. In: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S, editors. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd Edition. Boca Raton,FL:CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; 2011. Chapter 5.
2. Das SK, et al. Medicinal uses of the mushroom Cordyceps militaris: current state and prospects. Fitoterapia. 2010 Dec;81(8):961-968.
3. Tuli HS, et al. Pharmacological and therapeutic potential of Cordyceps with special reference to Cordycepin. 3 Biotech. 2014 Feb;4(1):1-12.
4. Panda AK. Tracing historical perspective of Cordyceps sinensis an aphrodisiac in Sikkim Himalaya. Indian J Hist Sci. 45.2(2010):189-198.
5. Sohn SH, et al. Effect of long-term administration of cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris on testicular function in middle-aged rats. Planta Med. 2012 Oct;78(15):1620-1625.
6. Hirsch KR, et al. Cordyceps militaris improves tolerance to high-intensity exercise after acute and chronic supplementation. J Diet Suppl. 2017 Jan 2;14(1):42-53.
7. Panda AK, Swain KC. Traditional uses and medicinal potential of Cordyceps sinensis of Sikkim. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2011 Jan;2(1):9-13.

†Results may vary. Information and statements made are for education purposes and are not intended to replace the advice of your doctor. If you have a severe medical condition or health concern, see your physician.

This entry was posted in Foods, Health, Healthy Foods, Men’s Health, Mind and Body, Nutrition, Plants for Health, Whole Body Wellness
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Here are 6 health benefits of cordyceps but do you know the ugly truth?

Please note: there are affiliate links in this article meaning we may make a small commission if you go on to make a purchase. This doesn’t increase the cost to you. You can read more about our partnerships at the bottom of this article.

Cordyceps seems to be all the rage right now especially when it comes to supplements. Even a simple google search for “cordyceps” yields almost 6 million results!

This fascinating species is actually a genus of parasitic fungi that grows on the larvae of insects. It includes over 400 different species which are found all over the world.

Cordyceps typically infect other insects and arthropods. When the Cordyceps spores land on the insect, the spore will germinate.

Next, hyphae will begin to grow inside the insect and turn into mycelium which continues to consume the insect from the inside.

When the insect is fully consumed and the environmental conditions are correct, cordyceps will be produced from the insect’s head. Here’s a video of Cordyceps infecting ants:

It is an annual Ascomycetes fungus closely related to the mushroom and has a blade-like appearance. Although it not actually a mushroom taxonomically, it is referred to as an exotic medicinal mushroom in traditional medicine and supplements.

But will Cordyceps supplements live up to the people’s expectations or is it just pure hype?

Well, no one can deny the fact that it is a superfood. But the answer depends on how the supplement is made.

But before we delve into that, here are the 6 benefits of Cordyceps

1. It boosts exercise performance

According to this study, the polysaccharides from Cordyceps has an anti-fatigue effect.

In another research, the effectiveness of the cultures Cordyceps Sinensis powder during an exhaustive running of human was tested.

For the process, the supplements were given to 36 male sedentary subjects over a period of 2 weeks. During the test, bio-signals were measured.

Results show that there is a significant difference between the placebo group. The participants who took Cordyceps supplements appears to have an augmentation of the energy generation and anti-fatigue ability.

2. It has anti-aging properties

Cordyceps has a high antioxidant content. According to research, their antioxidant content is the reason for its anti-aging potential.

Antioxidants are the ones which fight cell damage by neutralizing free radicals. These radicals contribute to disease and aging so it is good news that Cordyceps contains a lot of these precious molecules.

This study was done on mice aged by d-galactose and castrated rats to analyze the anti-anti-aging effect of Cordyceps. Results show an improved brain function and sexual function which confirms its anti-aging benefits.

3. It can prolong life

Another study was published which state that mice which were given Cordyceps lived several months longer compared to those given with placebo.

Furthermore, a study made on fruit flies shows that Cordyceps Sinensis prolonged their lifespan by inhibiting oxidative stress.

4. It inhibits the growth of tumors

A study made on lung cancer found that Cordyceps has numerous potential medicinal properties including antitumor activity.

Researchers found that Cordyceps extract has tumor cell growth inhibitory activity in several human tumor cell lines.

Additionally, studies in mice show that the extract has anti-tumor effects on lymphoma, melanoma and lung cancer.

Another interesting finding reveals that it can also reverse the side effects associated with many forms of cancer therapy such as leukopenia. This refers to a condition where the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) decreases. As such, it results in the lowering the body’s defenses and increasing the risk of infection.

5. It helps manage type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is a condition in which the body has a problem in producing or responding to the hormone insulin. People with diabetes are required to make sure their blood sugar levels are well controlled.

Cordyceps contains a special type of sugar by mimicking the action of insulin. A study shows that the fruiting body, not carcass, of Cordyceps, has an anti-hyperglycemic effect on the subjects.

Another study found that it can also improve the conditions of people with chronic kidney disease, a common complication of diabetes. The research concluded that the fruiting body of Cordyceps has the potential to be the functional food for diabetes.

6. It is good for the heart

According to this research, Cordyceps has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China since 2002 because of its outstanding curative effects.

A study made on rats found that it reduced heart injuries in rats chronic kidney disease. Instead of getting worse, heart failure was avoided.

This is due to adenosine content of Cordyceps. One study shows that it has protective effects from heart diseases.

7. It fights inflammation

One study revealed that Cordyceps is an immunomodulatory agent. When human cells are exposed to Cordyceps, special proteins that increase inflammation in the body become suppressed.

In a mice study, Cordyceps has been shown to reduce inflammation in the airways of the animals. Researchers conclude that it is a useful anti-inflammatory supplement or drug.

Cordyceps supplements buying guide: what’s the catch?

Now that we’ve established the benefits of Cordyceps, let’s hear the ugly truth.

True, wild Cordyceps Sinensis is not in 99.9% of Cordyceps supplements.

It’s due to the reason that wild Cordyceps Sinensis costs over $20,000 per kilogram! In fact, it is one of the most expensive mushrooms in the world.

The high price is because Cordyceps faced a crisis. For many years, the Chinese have been unable to cultivate this mushroom.

The demand became too much on a set supply of wild Cordyceps Sinensis. Only recently have the Chinese figured out how to cultivate this mushroom.

However, it is still not at a production scale yet so there’s no impact on the price.

Even though the majority of Cordyceps supplements do not contain pure extract, many companies are misleading its users. They are using photos of this mushroom in their marketing materials and label information.

As such, they cause their customers to believe they are consuming this mushroom. Sadly, they are not.

This is why we suggest looking into the medicinal mushrooms produced by Superfeast, one of the more high-quality providers out there.

What is inside Cordyceps supplement?

To ensure that your supplement is a high-quality product, look for brands that carry the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) or NSF International (NSF) seal. Consuming fake supplements could lead to poisoning.

The majority of Cordyceps supplements contain a synthetically grown version. Most of the time, they are made from one of the following:

1. Cordyceps Cs-4

Up to this day, there is no affordable cultivated version of Cordyceps mushroom. But the demand kept climbing up so scientists found a way.

They end up with Cordyceps anamorphs which are mycelium cultures that are unable to produce a fruiting body. They were grown in liquid fermentation to create mass amounts of pure mycelium.

If your supplemet is made from these anamorphs, it is safe to consume because they’re found to produce similar results to the wild Cordyceps Sinensis.

2. Cordyceps mycelia grain

This type of Cordyceps is grown in a plastic bag containing sterilized grain. This can also be referred to as solid-state fermentation.

This is not pure unlike Cs-4 because the mycelium cannot be separated from the grain. In turn, the grain ends up in the final product.

If your supplement is made from mycelium grain, much of that is actually the grain which the mycelium grows on. Imagine consuming starches (alpha-glucans) instead of the much-needed beta-glucans.

When buying a mushroom supplement, do not count the number of polysaccharides (beta-glucan + alpha glucan). Instead, measure the beta-glucans only.

Credits to http://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.15-0289

3. Cordyceps mushroom extract

One type of Cordyceps species that can be commercially cultivated at scale to produce a fruiting body is Cordyceps Militaris.

If your supplements are made from these fungi, rest assured it contains true Cordyceps mushroom extracts.

It has approximately 25% higher levels of important beta-glucans. Compared to Cs-4 which has less than 10% beta-glucans, Cordyceps Militaris is by far the best.

One of the unique things about Cordyceps Militaris is that it produces the compound cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) in much higher amounts. This compound has a very potent anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Research shows that Cordyceps Militaris has similar benefits to the traditional wild Cordyceps Sinensis. It has also been used as an alternative to the latter in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

In Conclusion:

It is very important to know where your Cordyceps supplement is made from. There is nothing wrong with doing your research,  scrutinizing the label and supplements panel very carefully.

After all, it’s your health and body you’re putting on the line.

If you’re interested in a high-quality Cordyceps supplement, we recommend the product offered by Superfeast in Byron Bay, Australia. They ship worldwide and we have personally visited their production facilities. You can read more about our experience visiting them here.

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It is an annual Ascomycetes fungus closely related to the mushroom and has a blade-like appearance. Although it not actually a mushroom taxonomically, it is referred to as an exotic medicinal mushroom in traditional medicine and supplements.

But will Cordyceps supplements live up to the people’s expectations or is it just pure hype?

Well, no one can deny the fact that it is a superfood. But the answer depends on how the supplement is made.

But before we delve into that, here are the 6 benefits of Cordyceps

1. It boosts exercise performance

According to this study, the polysaccharides from Cordyceps has an anti-fatigue effect.

In another research, the effectiveness of the cultures Cordyceps Sinensis powder during an exhaustive running of human was tested.

For the process, the supplements were given to 36 male sedentary subjects over a period of 2 weeks. During the test, bio-signals were measured.

Results show that there is a significant difference between the placebo group. The participants who took Cordyceps supplements appears to have an augmentation of the energy generation and anti-fatigue ability.

2. It has anti-aging properties

Cordyceps has a high antioxidant content. According to research, their antioxidant content is the reason for its anti-aging potential.

Antioxidants are the ones which fight cell damage by neutralizing free radicals. These radicals contribute to disease and aging so it is good news that Cordyceps contains a lot of these precious molecules.

This study was done on mice aged by d-galactose and castrated rats to analyze the anti-anti-aging effect of Cordyceps. Results show an improved brain function and sexual function which confirms its anti-aging benefits.

3. It can prolong life

Another study was published which state that mice which were given Cordyceps lived several months longer compared to those given with placebo.

Furthermore, a study made on fruit flies shows that Cordyceps Sinensis prolonged their lifespan by inhibiting oxidative stress.

4. It inhibits the growth of tumors

A study made on lung cancer found that Cordyceps has numerous potential medicinal properties including antitumor activity.

Researchers found that Cordyceps extract has tumor cell growth inhibitory activity in several human tumor cell lines.

Additionally, studies in mice show that the extract has anti-tumor effects on lymphoma, melanoma and lung cancer.

Another interesting finding reveals that it can also reverse the side effects associated with many forms of cancer therapy such as leukopenia. This refers to a condition where the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) decreases. As such, it results in the lowering the body’s defenses and increasing the risk of infection.

5. It helps manage type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is a condition in which the body has a problem in producing or responding to the hormone insulin. People with diabetes are required to make sure their blood sugar levels are well controlled.

Cordyceps contains a special type of sugar by mimicking the action of insulin. A study shows that the fruiting body, not carcass, of Cordyceps, has an anti-hyperglycemic effect on the subjects.

Another study found that it can also improve the conditions of people with chronic kidney disease, a common complication of diabetes. The research concluded that the fruiting body of Cordyceps has the potential to be the functional food for diabetes.

6. It is good for the heart

According to this research, Cordyceps has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China since 2002 because of its outstanding curative effects.

A study made on rats found that it reduced heart injuries in rats chronic kidney disease. Instead of getting worse, heart failure was avoided.

This is due to adenosine content of Cordyceps. One study shows that it has protective effects from heart diseases.

7. It fights inflammation

One study revealed that Cordyceps is an immunomodulatory agent. When human cells are exposed to Cordyceps, special proteins that increase inflammation in the body become suppressed.

In a mice study, Cordyceps has been shown to reduce inflammation in the airways of the animals. Researchers conclude that it is a useful anti-inflammatory supplement or drug.

Cordyceps supplements buying guide: what’s the catch?

Now that we’ve established the benefits of Cordyceps, let’s hear the ugly truth.

True, wild Cordyceps Sinensis is not in 99.9% of Cordyceps supplements.

It’s due to the reason that wild Cordyceps Sinensis costs over $20,000 per kilogram! In fact, it is one of the most expensive mushrooms in the world.

The high price is because Cordyceps faced a crisis. For many years, the Chinese have been unable to cultivate this mushroom.

The demand became too much on a set supply of wild Cordyceps Sinensis. Only recently have the Chinese figured out how to cultivate this mushroom.

However, it is still not at a production scale yet so there’s no impact on the price.

Even though the majority of Cordyceps supplements do not contain pure extract, many companies are misleading its users. They are using photos of this mushroom in their marketing materials and label information.

As such, they cause their customers to believe they are consuming this mushroom. Sadly, they are not.

This is why we suggest looking into the medicinal mushrooms produced by Superfeast, one of the more high-quality providers out there.

What is inside Cordyceps supplement?

To ensure that your supplement is a high-quality product, look for brands that carry the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) or NSF International (NSF) seal. Consuming fake supplements could lead to poisoning.

The majority of Cordyceps supplements contain a synthetically grown version. Most of the time, they are made from one of the following:

1. Cordyceps Cs-4

Up to this day, there is no affordable cultivated version of Cordyceps mushroom. But the demand kept climbing up so scientists found a way.

They end up with Cordyceps anamorphs which are mycelium cultures that are unable to produce a fruiting body. They were grown in liquid fermentation to create mass amounts of pure mycelium.

If your supplemet is made from these anamorphs, it is safe to consume because they’re found to produce similar results to the wild Cordyceps Sinensis.

2. Cordyceps mycelia grain

This type of Cordyceps is grown in a plastic bag containing sterilized grain. This can also be referred to as solid-state fermentation.

This is not pure unlike Cs-4 because the mycelium cannot be separated from the grain. In turn, the grain ends up in the final product.

If your supplement is made from mycelium grain, much of that is actually the grain which the mycelium grows on. Imagine consuming starches (alpha-glucans) instead of the much-needed beta-glucans.

When buying a mushroom supplement, do not count the number of polysaccharides (beta-glucan + alpha glucan). Instead, measure the beta-glucans only.

Credits to http://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.15-0289

3. Cordyceps mushroom extract

One type of Cordyceps species that can be commercially cultivated at scale to produce a fruiting body is Cordyceps Militaris.

If your supplements are made from these fungi, rest assured it contains true Cordyceps mushroom extracts.

It has approximately 25% higher levels of important beta-glucans. Compared to Cs-4 which has less than 10% beta-glucans, Cordyceps Militaris is by far the best.

One of the unique things about Cordyceps Militaris is that it produces the compound cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) in much higher amounts. This compound has a very potent anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Research shows that Cordyceps Militaris has similar benefits to the traditional wild Cordyceps Sinensis. It has also been used as an alternative to the latter in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

In Conclusion:

It is very important to know where your Cordyceps supplement is made from. There is nothing wrong with doing your research,  scrutinizing the label and supplements panel very carefully.

After all, it’s your health and body you’re putting on the line.

If you’re interested in a high-quality Cordyceps supplement, we recommend the product offered by Superfeast in Byron Bay, Australia. They ship worldwide and we have personally visited their production facilities. You can read more about our experience visiting them here.

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90,000 Cordyceps – we put things in order in the confusion with ambiguity – article avitasport.ru

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Can mushroom extract really improve mood, overall health, and even athletic performance? Those who sell cordyceps, a complex mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine, have argued for years that these beneficial effects (and many more) exist.

But in actual scientific research, the positive effect is that is, it is not. In one study, the results were remarkable, in the other, there was no effect. Rats would like it, but people would not feel anything.

So what’s the deal? Why is cordyceps so controversial? Have researchers and supplement companies done something wrong all these years?

The answer to this last question is yes.

Cordyceps is one of the biggest abnormalities in the supplement industry.And we think we’ve finally figured out why.
With the help of several new studies, we finally figured out the need to use the correct Cordyceps extract.

1. Executive Summary

• Cordyceps is a genus of medicinal mushrooms (particularly marsupials), various extracts of which can “sometimes” increase lactate threshold and aerobic exercise capacity, depending on which study you are reading.
• Chinese Cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis) was the top-selling form in the 2000s.Unfortunately, Chinese Cordyceps has often been misidentified, and DNA testing shows that many supplements did not even contain the Cordyceps family!
• Military Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) appears to be appropriate as new studies have shown an increase in VO _2max , maximum power and time to exhaustion.
• The best Cordyceps supplement currently available is Scivation Xtend Perform, which is designed for athletes and contains 2 g of PeakO2 ™, a formula led by the military’s Cordyceps.We recommend taking 1.5 scoops daily (divided into pre-workout and in-workout doses) to balance efficiency and cost.
• No adverse effects reported in healthy users.

Our Cordyceps story begins with information on adaptogens.

These elusive adaptogens

We’ve been hearing about “adaptogens” for decades, but what do they actually do?

It is believed that these natural substances help the body adapt to stress and normalize processes in the body.They can be considered biological “equalizers”. Sounds great – who doesn’t want to help their body adjust to stress?

Numerous plants have been presented as adaptogens: ginseng, ashwagandha, licorice root, rhodiola and, of course, cordyceps. Today we will focus on the mystical and elusive cordyceps.

2. Cordyceps: What is this? Why is it used? What is its history of use?

Cordyceps is a mushroom with a long history of medicinal use.It is found in the Himalayas in Tibet and Nepal and in small areas on the border of India and China, where the height is sufficient for its growth. In China and Tibet, it is traditionally used as a medicine to improve reproductive function, prevent fatigue and slow down aging.

This is Chinese cordyceps. How is it that some studies look promising and others don’t? It turns out that sometimes there is an error in its identification , so in the end we prefer to avoid Chinese cordyceps altogether!

In addition, our readers may be more interested in the fact that cordyceps has also traditionally been used for:

• Reducing stress,
• Increasing endurance,
• Maintaining muscle anabolism and protein synthesis,
• Improving glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity
• Increases in male strength,
• Improves overall health.

To support some of the aforementioned traditional applications, there is only data from studies in animal models (such as mice and rats), but recent studies on endurance have indeed been conducted in humans, which is what prompted us to write this article.

2.1. Medical history of cordyceps

Its use dates back to the 15th century. In the ancient Tibetan medical text Ocean of Aphrodisiac Qualities, Zurkhar Nyamnyi Dorje describes some of the uses of cordyceps.

Later in 1972, the Chinese Academy of Sciences isolated the Cordyceps cultures found in Qinghai Province in central China. These were several different forms of Cordyceps, including the most popular Cordyceps Sinensis, or “CS”. Then three varieties were identified. They were called CS-1, CS-2 and CS-3.

Unfortunately, mushrooms do not play by our rules. These cultures did not develop very well under controlled conditions, which resulted in very low reproducibility and repeatability of results, limiting further research.

2.2. … and then CS-4 came

Finally, in 1989, the academy isolated the CS-4 cordyceps culture. Unlike the previous ones, it was much better suited for cultivation and therefore for research. The large number of varieties, as well as the complexities associated with this family of mushrooms, presented some challenge, but science was pushing forward because the community understood that something was there – it just needed to be highlighted.

Was this a solution to the Cordyceps excretion problem? We thought so, but we were wrong…

3. What is he doing? Possible Benefits of Cordyceps Supplement

As stated above, cordyceps has traditionally been used to improve reproductive function, prevent fatigue and slow down aging.

However, recently there has been research into its ergogenic potential or its ability to increase productivity, in line with how various companies have positioned it in the market with the support of famous people over the past decade or so.

3.1. Reducing Fatigue and Increasing Endurance

Taking Cordyceps supplements has been shown to increase physical endurance and reduce fatigue. In one double-blind study in humans, cordyceps significantly increased oxygen consumption during exercise. A decrease in baseline glucose and lactic acid has also been shown. In a separate study in mice treated with cordyceps, swimming endurance was shown to increase from 75 to 90 minutes.

Benefits of Cordyceps: Mice fed with hot water extract of cultivated Chinese Cordyceps can swim significantly longer.Why doesn’t this always equate to humans, and how can we make it work? Read on …

3.2. Reduced stress

In the same study discussed above, the researchers also noted changes in adrenal, spleen, thymus, and thyroid mass in mice. This indicates that the animals consuming cordyceps experienced less stress.

Why is it important, besides the obvious benefits? From an athlete’s point of view, the less stress, the less cortisol, and, among other things, less catabolism or muscle breakdown and fat accumulation.

But wait! If Chinese cordyceps so much increases endurance, then why did the CS-4 study fail?!?! Long answer ahead, short answer: we think it wasn’t really cordyceps !!!

3.3. Increase in cAMP levels

In a study published in the International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, researchers found that cordyceps was able to uniquely increase cAMP through the signaling pathway of protein kinase A, not protein kinase C.

Typically, when humans they see an increase in cAMP, they think of increased lipolysis and fat loss, but it actually has other benefits as well. In this case, the researchers noted that cordyceps leads to increased steroidogenesis by increasing cAMP and StAR levels.This brings us to the next advantage:

3.4. Increasing Testosterone Levels in Animal Models

Several studies using animal models have shown that cordyceps increases testosterone production, leading to anabolism. This is because cordyceps contains compounds known as polysaccharides. They are structurally very similar to luteinizing hormone (LH). Thus, when taken with cordyceps, it can mimic LH, leading to the observed increase in testosterone levels.The previously mentioned article, published in the journal Life Sciences, tested this hypothesis and showed it to be true. Interestingly, this was already established in a previous 2003 study!

Note that no one is promoting cordyceps to increase testosterone levels – it doesn’t seem to generate a significant response. The reason we are talking about this is to show that cordyceps is involved in a variety of beneficial, not harmful, biological processes.

4. How Cordyceps Works

As mentioned earlier, cordyceps contains several active substances, including some unique polysaccharides, proteins, fatty acids, flavones, 2′-deoxyadenosine, ergosterol and cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine). According to the aforementioned study, these components “have antitumor, antimetastatic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-aging, neuroprotective and renoprotective effects.”

Cordycepin is the most active compound in the current study:

Meet cordycepin, one of the key components of cordyceps. Some forms of cordyceps have more of this compound than others!

Cordycepin: a potent immunoregulator with unique biological activity

Ironically, although derived from fungi, cordycepin has antifungal properties. This was demonstrated in a study in which mice were infected with the fungus Candida albicans (C.albicans), all of the control mice died and 88% of the cordycepin-treated mice survived.

Cordycepin also increases the amount of interleukin-10, which is an anti-inflammatory protein in the blood.

In other processes, this polysaccharide “protects neuronal cells from the toxic effects of free radicals”, so it may be that it somehow protects neurons (cordyceps is often marketed as a nootropic, and we hope to learn more about this in the future).

Finally, antidiabetic properties have been found with a concurrent increase in nitric oxide levels, which may contribute to further research in the field of sports.

But, to be honest, the exact mechanisms of its action are still not completely clear. This is true for almost all adaptogens – the mechanisms of action of most of these substances, including cordyceps, are simply not established.

Overall, given the wide range of therapeutic properties, Chinese doctors seem to have been right about cordyceps, and cordycepin is probably the main source of its beneficial effects.

In this study, the survival of mice infected with the C. albicans 64 strain was greater with cordycepin (3dA) alone, and much greater when used in combination with the drug deoxycoformycin. We emphasize this because all too often people want to “side with” either modern medicine or traditional medicine, when in fact both approaches have advantages and often work better together. The bottom line is that this is NEVER a substitute for a doctor’s examination – it is just a food supplement.

Where Chinese Cordyceps Fails and Research Crashes less successful.

One of these papers states:

The performance measured in timed cycling did not differ between groups and did not change in response to supplementation.It is concluded that 5-week intake of CordyMax Cs-4 does not affect aerobic capacity or endurance exercise performance in endurance-trained male cyclists.

Another study found similar failures for VO _2max and ventilation threshold, although it was conducted in older adults and found some metabolic benefits:

No significant changes in metabolism or ventilation threshold were observed after 12 weeks compared with the placebo group, and in both groups there was no change in VO _2max .

Does it work or not ?! What’s the matter?!?!

So far, most of the research on Cordyceps has been done using Cordyceps Sinensis (CS) (think CS-1 – CS-4). So how can it be that one study goes well and the next fails?

The answer is that Mother Nature just deceived us:

You were not taking cordyceps!

It turns out that not all “cordyceps” are actually cordyceps!

Chinese cordyceps you may have bought…and that the researchers used … may not actually be Chinese cordyceps!

For decades, the identification of fungal species was carried out by visual observation. Over time, researchers have developed a more scientific approach to identifying fungi using DNA sequencing.

Who planted Paecilomyces Hepiali (PH) instead of cordyceps ?!

Turns out CS-4, which we collectively thought was “easily cultivated” cordyceps… was not even cordyceps! It turned out to be similar to Paecilomyces Hepiali (PH)!

This mushroom is part of another genus called Paecilomyces and is completely unrelated to the genus Cordyceps !. However, it looks almost exactly the same, which led researchers to believe that it is only a derivative at best. In the case of selling different sources of CS-4, it is possible that some are actually P. Hepiali and others are CS. We just don’t know.

The annotation of the above article by Wei from 2006 states:

As for Paecilomyces hepiali, it has been proven to be a separate species, not related to Cordyceps sinensis and its anamorphs.

For basic evidence, just google pictures of “Paecilomyces Hepiali” and you will see confusion – you will find yourself looking at pictures of Cordyceps CS-4, which was grown from the Paecilomyces hepiali filamentous strain! It seems that without DNA sequencing technology, no one will know the difference between the two!

As more concrete evidence, an article published in 2015 in the international journal Mycology: The Biology of Fungi entitled “The Cordyceps Industry in China” revealed the truth and made the claim:

Although P.hepiali was isolated from Chinese Cordyceps, but based on its phylogenetic lineage, it should be considered as an independent fungus, distinct from the related Cordyceps Chinese fungus.

Interestingly, the original Chinese Academy of Sciences study on the isolation of “CS-4” was even titled “Paecilomyces Hepiali Study”. Therefore, we wondered how it was first marketed as “cordyceps” …

The last nail in the P. Hepiali / CS-4 coffin was hammered by an article published in 2015 entitled “Neotyping Pecilomyces hepials (hypocraneous) Paecilomyces hepiali (Hypocreales) “, which reports that he was isolated once and for all, and also established his true genetic code.

In short, just because this mushroom is associated with or grows with cordyceps does not mean it is cordyceps! For 23 years we have all been deceived, but now we are saved by modern technology.

So what now?

Since supplement raw material manufacturers have historically relied on visual inspection (and we’re lucky if they bother to do it), we’ll never know what was in some of these older “cordyceps supplements.”It is possible that it was Paecilomyces Hepiali. And while PH may have some benefits (such as anti-tumor properties), the ones we know don’t seem to extend to athletics and nerve cell protection, which is the goal of many cordyceps users.

So if the supplement didn’t work for you, or in the research, now there is a reason for it: incorrectly identified raw materials and perhaps even blatant deception.

Could this be the reason for the different results of sports performance studies and the mixed feedback from consumers? We cannot guarantee, but we believe that this is the case.At the moment, we as athletes cannot trust most of the products labeled “cordyceps sinensis”, and especially “CS-4”.

We need to understand that this does not make CS-4 bad, there is simply no guarantee that it is pure cordyceps, and besides, we do not see that it has the sports performance that everyone hoped for.

What is the answer to the confusion problem? Don’t use Chinese cordyceps at all … and switch to military cordyceps (cordyceps militaris)!

5.Military Cordyceps (Cordyceps Militaris): New Proposal for Mushroom Supplements

A new form of Cordyceps has recently entered the market: Cordyceps Militaris (CM), and it has left a fairly noticeable mark thanks to the lack of misidentification confusion:

“Long-term 3-week supplementation with 4 grams of mushroom blend per day can improve VO _2max , increase time to exhaustion, and increase peak strength during intense aerobic exercise.

A mixture containing Cordyceps militaris can be an effective way to increase aerobic performance and delay fatigue by improving oxygen kinetics. This can have positive consequences for maintaining and improving training volume, especially for endurance athletes. ”

This mushroom combo was created by Compound Solutions and sold under the brand name PeakO2 ™ and we believe this military cordyceps blend is the “next big thing” that cordyceps consumers have really been looking for all these years.

This incredibly successful human study was conducted using a proprietary mushroom mixture called PEAKO2. Is military cordyceps really active? We think so.

In the above study, there was a significant increase in time to exhaustion. The researchers asked the participants to pedal at maximum speed for as long as they could, until the speed dropped to a set point of resistance. The resistance was then removed and the participants were allowed to regain their speed, and then the resistance was increased again.

The idea was to go 100% in three minutes, which was not possible. When we say significantly, we mean that the participants added more than a minute to the time before the resistance was turned off.

Think about it: How many non-hormonal supplements have such a noticeable / traceable impact in just seven days? This is not a study from some unknown university. It was conducted at the University of North Carolina (UNC) using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Neither Compound Solutions (creator of PeakO2) nor Scivation paid us for this article. But since these are the only cordyceps we will touch, we had to highlight them !!

5.1. Military cordyceps: more effective than Chinese cordyceps

This is not the first time that military cordyceps (CM) is more effective. Several scientific publications have reported that CM products contain higher levels of active ingredients than CS products.In a comparative study of protective effects against oxidative damage, CM extracts were found to have higher antioxidant efficacy, higher content of bioactive compounds cordycepin and adenosine, higher polyphenols and flavonoid content than CS extracts.

Kim (2005) also found higher concentrations of exopolysaccharides and cordycepin in CM than in CS from submerged mycelial cultures. According to this study, military cordyceps contains twice as much cordycepin, which we believe is one of the main active ingredients, as discussed above.

Cordyceps military also grows more easily under cultivation conditions, which allows us to avoid most of the mistakes that were with Chinese cordyceps. But if grown in a laboratory, will this lead to a decrease in the content of the active ingredient? Unlike: Lee (2001) reported high antioxidant activity in cordyceps, and that the activity of the cultured mycelium was equal to or greater than that of the naturally growing form.

The conducted research has shown that military cordyceps is the solution to many problems concerning Chinese cordyceps.

5.2. How does military cordyceps work?

As mentioned above, adaptogens are not fully understood. There is solid evidence, and there are still some studies for better understanding. While theories exist, there is no evidence yet. We are confident that the cordycepin described above is the key compound.

Mike McCandless, founder of Scivation, stated:

I’m amazed at how effective PeakO2 is. I think this is the most effective supplement since creatine.Combining with BCAAs is a great combination.

– Mike McCandless, Scivation

What does it all mean? As more research emerges, military cordyceps may prove to be the most breakthrough supplement of 2016-2017. Chinese cordyceps has too many questions and identification problems.

Therefore, if you have tried Cordyceps and have not noticed the effect or cannot get repeated results from package to package, our recommendation is to find a formula containing Cordyceps Militaris and take in a dose of up to 4 g per day, as it was used in research conducted at UNC, and then – decide for yourself.

6. What is the best cordyceps product?

Given the problems with the identification of Chinese cordyceps and CS-4, we still prefer military cordyceps, and PeakO2 is a blend of ingredients from a reliable supplier of raw materials, on which valid research is carried out.

Note, however, that PeakO2 is a blend that is based on military cordyceps, but also contains other beneficial mushroom components, which could definitely play a role in the success of this study.How much these other ingredients contribute to the early success of PeakO2 compared to military cordyceps alone is impossible to determine. But in the end we are interested in the end results and benefits, and if a mushroom mix works best for athletes, then so be it.

The first product to contain PeakO2 is Scivation Xtend Perform, an amino acid supplement you usually drink during your workout. To replicate Hirsch’s study from UNC, you need to use two servings a day, although 1.5 servings can probably be enough for you to stretch a pack for a full month if taken daily.

Like all other Xtend products, it contains BCAAs to help maintain muscle tissue in an anabolic state and prevent breakdown, which helps increase endurance as well as accelerates recovery.

Athletes looking for cordyceps should look out for Scivation Xtend Perform, which contains BCAAs and PeakO2. We like to take 1.5 scoops a day so that the pack lasts for a whole month.

How To Take It

Our recommended dosing protocol for Xtend Perform is at least ¾ serving before training and ¾ during training.

However, the dosage does reduce costs. If you take 2g per day (one scoop of Xtend Perform), you are more likely to experience some beneficial effects, but they may take longer to develop or be less impressive than in the study. Two scoops a day will cost you more, but you will be at the dosage used in the study.

Update: See also PrimaForce Peak O2

If you would like to try PeakO2 on its own or with your own preferred amino acid supplement, the Scivation PrimaForce sub-brand now has a separate version of this Cordyceps / Mushroom extract from Compound Solutions!

PrimaForce Peak O2 is a standalone supplement that contains 120g of extract, enough for sixty 2g servings!

You can also add it to your own favorite BCAA supplement, pre workout, energy drink, and more.But we assume that in water it will not taste very good.

PrimaForce Peak O2 contains sixty 2g portions of extract direct from Compound Solutions!

What are the side effects of military cordyceps or PeakO2?

So … can it exacerbate fungal foot disease ?? At this point, no significant side effects were observed. This is an absolutely intact mushroom, without any strange secretions.

It’s actually the other way around

When looking for studies on the side effects of cordyceps, we most often came across the use of cordyceps as conjunctival therapy along with aggressive medical procedures to prevent the side effects of these treatments!

This is outside the scope of this article, but the point is that we did not find any problems – at least in the area of ​​the studied doses.

Military Cordyceps Review Using Mike & CJ’s PeakO2 Scivation Xtend Perform

The Xtend Perform supplement I took for a month was one of the most interesting products I have ever tried. In the gym, I use a heart rate monitor (a good chest strap, not FitBit wrist stuff) and try to work in specific heart rate ranges.

The first thing I noticed was that my heart rate was noticeably lower with specific exercises! While one exercise, such as the 5 × 275 deadlift, gave me up to 155 bpm, after a week of taking Xtend Perform, the HRF was 145 bpm!

I don’t know what that means exactly, but I guess my body was using oxygen better and my cardiovascular system had to do less work.

Meanwhile, in the pool, my breathing pattern became simpler. I have been swimming for 30 years and I know when something changes. It became easier to breathe every five strokes.

Main Ingredients (Per Serving):

• 7 g BCAA – Research Proven 2: 1: 1 Ratio
• 2 g PEAKO2 ™ – Patented and Tested
• 3.5 g Leucine for Muscle Protein Synthesis
• 2 , 5g Glutamine & 1g Citrulline Malate
• Electrolytes to Increase Performance

Xtend Perform contains everything you love about the original Xtend, but also includes a special mushroom blend that shows great performance enhancing opportunities.

But does this mean * gain *?

So, does it lead to gain? This is where the controversy begins. Marketers will tell you that you can lift more (power) with more reps (endurance) and recover faster (VO ₂ ). With more research, it may be “better than beta-alanine.”

I would say that I can handle more challenging workouts for longer periods of time, but what does that mean in the end? If you don’t take advantage of these improvements to actually increase your weight / volume, and instead just enjoy easy breathing and the like, then you are probably wasting your time and money.

The point is, this is not a “net gain” that a beginner gets when using creatine for the first time or when taking a course of hormones. Rather, it is a “performance gain” that only translates into improved body composition if you eat and recover properly.

7. To summarize: Now what? Who is it for?

After all, whenever you improve your body’s ability to use oxygen, it’s a good thing.

We have only touched a small part here, and we believe there will be other medical uses as well as new niches for this supplement such as nootropic / cognitive agents for attention.

Is military cordyceps a must-have, low-cost supplement such as protein, creatine, or betaine? Honestly, no.

Will it make a big difference if you use the same old scheme: 3 sets of 10, three times a week and never leave the gym tired? No, it won’t. In this case, your problems lie elsewhere.

But if you are an endurance athlete or do some serious high volume training, is PeakO2 something you should seriously think about? If you have a budget, we say YES right now.

Key Benefits:

• Supports muscle growth and peak strength
• Supports recovery and increased oxygen consumption
• Helps increase maximum power output
• May increase oxygen use during exercise
• Replenishes electrolytes

Our opinion is that the Xtend Perform and PeakO2 are great for increasing the performance of the , but that doesn’t necessarily mean they are the right fit for you if you’re not chasing enough performance.

90,000 In the arms of mycelium – Gambling addiction

They are able to grow in nuclear reactors and on uncooled volcanic rocks. They develop in hot sulfur springs and go hundreds of meters underground. Their spores are found in the orbit of the Earth, and some of them have learned to subjugate other highly developed organisms. There are, according to the most rough estimates, more than a million species. But they are strangers! Simultaneously similar to both plants and animals, but in some ways infinitely distant from them.So much so that they had to be separated into a separate kingdom. Mushrooms!

Even if we discard the grotesque and do not exaggerate at all, then dry, bare facts alone will be enough to amaze the imagination of any unprepared person. Mushrooms, if you study them a little deeper, appear at the same time as monsters, ingenious opportunists and, in general, creatures not of this world. Because they do things that we are used to reading about on the pages of action-packed science fiction, but they certainly do not face it in reality.

A lifetime is not enough to understand mushrooms in detail. Today we will just slightly open the veil of secrecy and get acquainted with several very unusual details that scientists managed to learn about mushrooms over one and a half hundred years of their close study.

Our story will be slightly incoherent and fragmentary. But this is completely justified, because, despite the fact that a person lives side by side with mushrooms from the moment he jumped from a tree and began to move on two limbs, we know catastrophically little about them.Mycology, the science of mushrooms, only lifted the old patchwork quilt, from under which there was a smell of such horror and riddles that it is better for an ordinary person not to meddle in there.

Germinating through

Thanks to The Last of Us, almost the whole world learned about cordyceps – a fungus that parasitizes ants, literally grows through their bodies and zombies the unfortunate. But few people know that inside the cordyceps itself, a completely different fungus often parasitizes, which works as a defense mechanism: when there are too many cordyceps and it threatens the life of all ants in the area, this fungus, roughly speaking, castrates the parasite, so that ant colonies almost never do not die completely.

• Cordyceps growing through the tarantula.

But cordyceps is far from the only fungus that grows inside animals. Much less known are the empusae (they are also entomophthora). The funny name hides a real killer of dipteran insects. The spores of these mushrooms literally shoot out of the fruiting body when, say, a fly is nearby. “Live bullets” fly out at a distance of up to a meter, while the empusa itself can hardly be seen.

After that, the spores germinate, a full-fledged mycelium forms in the fly’s body, which after a while throws fruit bodies onto the surface of the fly’s body.

At this point, the fly’s behavior changes. She begins to stagger as if drunk, she crawls for several hours, but then exhaustedly falls to the ground and dies. After a while, other flies flock to the smell of decomposing flesh, which are immediately “shot” by a new portion of spores. In regions where there are especially many empousas, the population of flies is declining.

• And this “beauty” is also the result of the attack of the fungus on the insect.

It would seem, well, to hell with them, with flies, what nonsense? But insects are the most important participants in the food webs.If there are not enough flies, the number of birds is decreasing. The number of birds decreases – the number of parasitic insects, which are not affected by empusae, increases … And then agronomists wonder why entire regions are left without crops.

Researchers have not fully figured out how the fruit bodies of the empusa “know” at what point to explode. Not only does this happen only when a fly crawls alongside, but also not anyhow, but a strictly defined species. Usually, one type of empusa affects only two or three species of dipterans.It is clear that chemicals are somehow involved in recognizing the victim, but what and how exactly they work is still a mystery.

Assassin and Defender

In fact, there are a lot of fungi that infect insects. There are those that kill butterflies, some kill spiders, others – beetles. But there is a group among the mushrooms that is with insects in, let’s not be afraid of this word, a monstrous relationship. We are talking about septobasidia. They, like the empusa, infect small insects – scale insects.But then what happens is that all sorts of strangers or zerg there will be envious.

• Actually, you don’t have to go far for an example. This is a model clicker (clicker) from the Naughty Dog office. So, in reality, mushrooms may well mutilate a person to such a state. And even worse.

Once in the body of the scale insect, the septobasidium spore begins to grow. But she does it very slowly and carefully. After a while, the entire body of the victim is literally penetrated by the mycelium: the mass of the fungus exceeds the mass of the insect, but does not kill it, but begins to secrete substances that attract other scale insects.After a while, septobasidia grows in a branched canopy from a still living insect and forms a large beautiful cocoon, which serves … as a home for tens, and sometimes hundreds of uninfected scale insects. In it they hide from bad weather and predators.

The mushroom protects its “flock”, but as needed, it strikes and “connects” more and more new scale insects to the mycelium so that there is something to eat. Imagine if there were people in place of the scale insects – how would it look? You walk along the branched corridors of the building, but when the house ceases to have enough food, it bombards you with spores, and after a while you begin to move more and more slowly, and then freeze, and the body of a mushroom begins to grow out of you.But you are still alive! And uninfected people walk around and shrug their shoulders sympathetically: “Be patient, bro, we are warm, cozy and safe here. Someone has to feed this wonderful house. ” Such is the monstrous symbiosis.

Inside a person

It is not without reason that we have introduced people at the place of insects. In games and films, fungal infection of a person is usually presented as something out of the ordinary. If! Fungi can infect humans as easily as any fly.As a result, hundreds of various diseases are formed, which medicine combines into a common group – mycoses. Although there is almost nothing in common there: it is just convenient for doctors to consider mycoses together in order to remember which group of organisms caused the disease.

• We do not want to scare you at all, so we publish only a black-and-white and far from the scariest photograph with one of the forms of mycosis. In fact, mushrooms are capable of mutilating the human body much more seriously.

In terms of manifestations, mycoses are completely different from each other.We think everyone knows about the damage to the nails and skin of the feet – yeah, you shouldn’t run without slippers in the pool! But this is just the simplest example. Mushrooms of the genus Aspergillum (the common black mold that many people grow in the bathroom and in the kitchen – these are the very ones) affect the lungs, liver and even the bone marrow. In a healthy body, aspergillum usually does not settle, but in a weakened one, it easily. In this case, the disease often becomes systemic. The skin suffers – it becomes woody and changes its color from usual to grayish or even black.At the same time, the inner ear is affected, and the person stops hearing. Then the fungus settles in the lungs and from them through the bloodstream reaches other organs. If you don’t see a doctor in time, you can easily drop your skates. We never joke.

Even more unpleasant is histoplasmosis caused by fungi that breed on the droppings of certain species of birds, bats and wolves. It is enough to inhale the contaminated air near these secretions, and the fungus enters your body, spreads throughout the body with the blood stream and, worst of all, settles inside the cells (yes, histoplasm is an intracellular parasite).If you do not quickly drink a course of antibiotics, the lungs are affected (almost the same as in tuberculosis), the intestines and stomach become covered with ulcers, the liver and spleen are destroyed, and sometimes the tissue of the brain and spinal cord suffers. The mortality rate is not very high, but only in the case of timely treatment.

• Calvatia gigantean – giant raincoat. It can weigh more than twenty kilograms, and the diameter of the cap reaches a record two and a half meters. So there is still a small copy in the photo.

Blastomycosis, caused by a yeast-like fungus blastomyces, is a nightmare. On the body, knotty formations are formed, similar to huge acne, which after a while turn into ulcers. If the disease is started, the fungus settles in the liver and kidneys, and from there it gets to the nervous system, where it forms tumors, which doctors sometimes confuse with cancerous ones and, as a result, prescribe the wrong treatment. Radiation therapy, used for cancer, also works on blastomyces, but is much less effective than standard antifungal drugs.

And this is just the tip of the iceberg. There are fungi that infect the genitals, rectum, eyes, settle in the bones and even inside the teeth.

There is only one thing that pleases me in all this: unlike bacteria, fungi almost never cause epidemics. The most monstrous cases of mycoses are rare, but sometimes they look more terrible than the most terrible varieties of plague and smallpox.

At first we thought to publish in this article one or two color photographs of infected people, but then we decided to save you from such a terrible sight.We never exaggerate – the pictures there are worse than any of The Last of Us mutants. The magazine would have to put a rating not 16+, and not even 18+, but “only for doctors, special forces and emotionless perverts.”

Mushrooms-predators

Jokes aside, some mushrooms are real predators. These empusas simply shoot flies with their spores, and there are those who arrange for worms and insects (albeit very small ones) the most real traps. Some throw sticky rings on the worms, swaddle them like in a straitjacket, and then grow inside and “eat away” all the insides – literally in a few hours only the shell remains of the worms.

• Meet the dark mushroom. Delicious mushroom. And concurrently – the largest inhabitant of the planet Earth. The area of ​​the mycelium is about 900 hectares.

Others lure the insects with sweetish droplets of a special sticky liquid in order to then dissolve the stuck insect with digestive juices. Some species of fungi hunt in the water, hooking up small crustaceans with special flexible cords.

Moreover, the trapping abilities of mushrooms have relatively recently begun to be used in agriculture: living “compounds” are prepared from predatory mushrooms and sprayed over fields affected by worms and insects.A kind of natural insecticide: very effective (however, only in wet weather, in the sun, mushrooms dry quickly) and completely harmless to humans.

Conquering the planet

But mushrooms are capable of scaring not only by their predatory habits and diseases, but also by their scale … Usually, when it comes to the most gigantic creatures on Earth, they recall huge crocodiles, hippos, elephants. Someone will definitely name a sperm whale or a blue whale – still, almost 40 meters in length and 200 tons of living flesh.The most savvy will remember that plants are also living organisms, and some sequoia with a height of 120 meters weighs about 8000 tons. That is, like the 40 largest whales.

• The same cordyceps that grew directly from the head of an ant.

But even the largest sequoia is tiny compared to the largest organism on planet Earth. And this organism is a dark mushroom! We understand your bewilderment, so let’s digress with a small mushroom educational program. What we usually call mushrooms and collect in a basket are in fact only fruiting bodies that the fungus needs for sexual reproduction.And it forms these fruiting bodies – the mycelium, it is, in fact, a mushroom, and not at all legs with hats.

And just the mycelium can be just gigantic. Even all sorts of russula, white and chanterelles sometimes grow underground for tens and even hundreds of meters. The mycelium is a single, genetically monotonous system. So, cutting off some boletus at the edge of the forest and somewhere in the wilderness, you may be dealing with parts of the same mushroom.

So that’s it! The mushroom pool of dark honey fungus, growing in one of the Oregon forests, extends for almost 900 hectares… And this is all – we repeat once again so that you are imbued with – one single living organism! By the way, it is very tasty, but not so harmless: the mycelium of the dark honey fungus does not allow other types of mushrooms to grow and skillfully sticks to the roots of trees, drinking juices from them.

• Boletus, filmed during a trip to the Solovetsky Islands. It looks very peaceful, but who knows – if he is hatching plans to capture our planet with you.

If you translate into mass, then you get not so much: according to estimates of scientists, the weight of the entire mycelium barely reaches 1000 tons (that is, like five blue whales or one-eighth of a large sequoia).But what is the scope!

If we talk about the largest fruiting bodies of mushrooms, then there are undoubted leaders – we all know raincoats. Those very funny white balls that, when ripe, can be crushed with your foot, after which brown dust will fly. The largest of the reliably recorded fruiting bodies of the raincoat had a diameter of two and a half meters (the mushroom was taller than a human being!) And weighed about twenty kilograms. Not only can you not step on such a ball – it is not easy to climb on it.

We really want to end the conversation about mushrooms on some non-standard, but cheerful note. Therefore, we will not write platitudes, but we will tell you two more interesting facts that many do not know.

Fact one. If you fry a cockroach (or any other insect), then in the aroma it exudes, you can catch a slight mushroom note. This is due to the fact that the polysaccharide chitin is part of the wall of the fungi, of which the integuments of all insects are composed.

Fact two.Yeast is also a mushroom. Everyone who is at least a little familiar with cooking knows that yeast “raises” the dough. But only a few village pranksters are aware that if on a hot day you throw a pack of yeast into a street toilet and wait a few hours, then the yeast and the contents of the toilet will also “raise”. The foaming, fetid mass will climb up to the level of a toilet point, overflow the edge and bring many joyful minutes to the owner. Just please don’t joke like that with your neighbors, just be on the lookout yourself.

90,000 Cordyceps mushroom. Price and application of cordyceps

Mushrooms are a separate kingdom, whose organisms combine the characteristics of animals and plants. The whole science of mycology is studying them. There are many mushrooms with unique medicinal properties, but it is Cordyceps that is one of the main and most expensive representatives of its kingdom in medicine.

Cordyceps Chinese is a unique physiological tonic, modulator and powerful antioxidant.

Where does cordyceps grow

This fungus is a parasite of insects and rarely develops on spiders and fungi.Cordciceps lives on the larvae of fineworm moths in China. When the spores of the fungus enter the larva, they germinate in the body of the insect, using it as a substrate for development and life. Surprisingly, any Cordyceps control the behavior of their victims, and the body of the fungus always sprouts from the head of the insect.

The most valuable Cordyceps can be found only in remote areas, high in the mountains. Where the air temperature is minimal and the oxygen level is low enough, which does not allow mixing with the mycelium (mycelium) of other mushrooms.High quality Cordyceps are harvested in May, over 3500 meters above sea level in Northwest China and Tibet. After harvesting, the fruiting body of the fungus, together with the caterpillar, is dried for further use.

Composition of Chinese Cordyceps

The peculiarity of the mushroom in its composition. The natural antibiotic cordycepin prevents bacteria and microorganisms from settling in the body of a killed insect and starting decomposition processes. Therefore, it is used as a natural antibiotic. Polysaccharides in the body of the fungus have immunomodulatory and antitumor properties.It contains: vitamins D, C, E, glycosides, peptide substances, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals: fluorine, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, boron, cobalt, as well as more than eighty enzymes, as well as coenzyme Q10.

Properties of Cordyceps

For over 1200 years, Cordyceps has been used in China as a medicine. The reason for this is its special properties. Its main advantage is to increase the body’s immunity. Possessing immunomodulatory and immunostimulating effects, it activates macrophagocytosis together with T and NK cells.Indicated for autoimmune conditions. Under the influence of Cordyceps, the lymphatic system works better, the body is filled with energy and metabolic processes are activated. Cordyceps tones the reproductive system. Due to the activation of spermatogenesis, male potency increases. Shows antitumor properties. Thanks to Cordyceps, the liver and kidneys can more easily tolerate toxic effects.

Cordyceps contains biologically active nucleosides that improve metabolic processes. One of them is adenosine, the most important modulator of blood vessel tone.Better blood circulation and microcirculation stimulates regenerative processes and tissue regeneration. In addition to adenosine, the mushroom contains active forms of this substance, which have a long-term positive effect on metabolism.

It is effectively used for chronic infections and diseases of internal organs. It is a good assistant in the treatment of various degrees of poisoning, endocrine diseases and metabolic disorders. It exhibits excellent anti-toxic effect – improving the removal of harmful substances, intestinal poisons, radionuclides from the body.

Cordyceps price

It should be noted that the price of wild-growing Cordyceps collected in the mountains is 5 times higher than the price of gold. This is the most expensive mushroom with a price tag of $ 150 per gram. Therefore, in the farm. For preparations and dietary supplements, a mushroom grown in laboratories is used. Modern technologies make it possible to grow the mushroom in culture without the participation of caterpillars. This made it accessible not only to the Chinese emperors. Therefore, you need to very carefully choose a product such as Cordyceps. Its medicinal qualities directly depend on the conditions and standards of production, and a truly medicinal product cannot be cheap.

Cordyceps application

Indicated for diseases:

• Autoimmune;
• Cardiovascular;
• Viral and colds;
• Respiratory tract;
• Hematopoietic systems;
• Nervous system;
• Chronic hepatitis;
• Liver cirrhosis;
• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy;
• Malignant formations.

Which Cordyceps is better on iHerb: otzyvok – LiveJournal

Which Cordyceps is better: reviews

Now Foods, Cordyceps, 750 mg, 90 Capsules Reviews

Promo code for discount: MAT6375

Buy

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

NOW Foods Cordyceps 750 mg Good Product!

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐

Cordyceps from NOW Very weak effect.

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Good preparation. Withdrew the beginning ARVI, the symptoms disappeared almost immediately. Used both for myself and for children

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

cordyceps excellent price, fast delivery, and, most importantly, the tool works …

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

We take with bronchitis. Mom drank for asthma. For bronchitis and asthma – expectorant.

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Really helps with colds and indigestion. We have been using the product with the whole family for a long time. When taking the drug in the early stages of colds and SARS, the disease recedes immediately. If you feel that you are sick, you take 2 capsules three times a day and you can not worry. If you are already sick, then 2-3 capsules 3 times a day and after 3 days or completely zodrov or 90%). Recommended!

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Receipt Came quickly, neatly packed. I’m happy with everything. Thanks

Rating: ⭐

Useless! Nothing to do with Cordyceps! It feels like there is a small share of this mushroom, and the rest was brought to mass with the help of ordinary flour !!! No effect!
More reviews

Doctor’s Best, Ultra Cordyceps Plus, 60 Veggie Caps

Promo code for discount: MAT6375

Buy

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

A truly effective drug A truly effective drug.An excellent alternative to antibiotics

Rating: ⭐

for me – no with the beginning of the admission I start to get sick. such a reaction of the body to all mushrooms

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Against viruses Acquired a drug against viruses and raising immunity. I liked the action. Justified expectations. I drank 2 pcs 1 time a day hungry. I did not find any sideways. I will order more. Thank you.

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Body Support I ordered it for Mom for the second time already, she drinks this cordyceps and also reishi.I’m trying to get a response from her, but she drinks a lot of things to support her health and actively uses cosmetics, so she can’t attribute any improvements specifically to these additives, but it definitely didn’t get any worse from them, she wants to order more! I also want to order for myself, but while I’m feeding the baby, it seems like it’s impossible during lactation (according to various sources from the Internet)

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Miracle Mushrooms Miracle Mushroom, I am delighted and have already ordered 1 more jar! I looked a lot of information about mushrooms, ordered different ones, but they all perform similar tasks! Anthology prevention and body cleansing! So my mother and I fell ill together (I almost recovered a little earlier and had already almost recovered, but a strong cough with phlegm turned into a chronic one! This has already happened, and the cough lasted at best a couple of weeks) and my mother just got sick! And so we took her these mushrooms, me 3pcs, mom 4, naturally in 2 doses, and the next day 2pcs, and on the third day we both feel great! I can’t believe it myself, but it works !!

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

I have been using it for several years! I love them !! They work really well!

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Great product! Great product! I recommend, we drink with the whole family, they used to take tianshi, this one does not lose.

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

I bought my mother The main thing for her was that without an allergic reaction
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Paradise Herbs, CS-4 Tibetan Cordyceps, 60 Vegetarian Capsules

Promo code for discount: MAT6375

Buy

Rating: ⭐

Experience of using cordyceps. The effect of this manufacturer’s cordyceps on the male genital area is very pronounced.The brightness of sensations during sex and its duration significantly increase, has a positive effect on an erection. But there is a side effect due to which I refused to take this drug. After him, loose stools and he very much irritates the rectum, to the point of pain. I tried to divide the contents of the capsule into four parts, the effect is the same, all the pros and cons remained. Anyone who has questions about the digestive tract, I do not advise. I will no longer buy Cordyceps from this manufacturer.

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Like it Earlier, I periodically took TYANSHI cordyceps.Now I tried this cordyceps, I liked it. Works great – physical endurance has increased, the condition has noticeably improved after prolonged chronic sinusitis. I took 1 to 3 times a day along the meridians. And the price is affordable!

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Great product! Helps to solve heart problems! It relieves heart spasms very well. The result is noticeable after 2 days of admission, after 7 days the heart cramps completely disappeared, I drink occasionally.Recommend

Rating: ⭐⭐⭐

Solid three … Weak, there are cordyceps and better. But I do not regret it … The combination of price and quality corresponds.
More reviews

90,000 Coronavirus cure: Thai doctors have created a “cocktail” of drugs. It looks like it works

February 3, 2020

Photo by AFP

Thai doctors claim to have made significant progress in the fight against the new coronavirus by mixing conventional antiviral drugs with drugs for HIV therapy, Reuters reports in Bangkok …

According to doctors, after taking such a cocktail, an improvement in the condition even in severely ill patients occurs within 48 hours.

This method was tested in a hospital in Bangkok, where several patients went on the mend at once, including a 70-year-old Chinese woman from Wuhan, whose tests showed the presence of the virus in the body for ten days in a row and whose condition was quite serious.

One of the patients, however, developed an allergic reaction, but, according to doctors, it is insignificant, and in general his condition is also improving.

Formulated with lopinavir and ritonavir for HIV therapy in combination with high dose antiviral oseltamivir.

The idea of ​​using some of these components to treat coronavirus is not new. Last week, the Russian Ministry of Health also suggested resorting to lopinavir and ritonavir, but in combination with two other drugs.

However, specialists from the Russian analytical company RNC Pharma were dubious about the proposal, saying that each of the proposed components has many side effects.

Main component

Photo author, EPA

Photo caption,

In Thailand, 19 cases of coronavirus infection were registered

Thai doctors, for their part, took as a basis a more predictable drug – oseltamivir.

“We followed internationally accepted practices, but our doctors just increased the dose of one of the drugs,” explains Somsak Axlim, Director General of Thailand’s Health Services Department.

According to doctors from Thailand, their Chinese colleagues have already adopted a new method of treatment.

You must have JavaScript enabled or use another browser to view this content

Video caption,

New hospital built in Wuhan in ten days

“The prognosis is good, but extensive research needs to be done to definitely consider this a cure against coronavirus.” says the pulmonologist at Bangkok Kriangska Hospital Atipornwanich.

Thailand has recorded 19 cases of coronavirus infection. Eight patients fully recovered and were discharged from the hospital, 11 remain under medical supervision.

According to Somsak Axlim, on Monday the country’s health ministry will hold a meeting to discuss the successful treatment of a 70-year-old patient, but it is too early to say that the new treatment is applicable to all cases.

“For now, we will treat only the most severe patients in this way,” said Axlim.

Dietary supplement Risingstar Herb Cordyceps mushroom extract Shilajit extract 60 tablets

Cordyceps mushroom extract is a powerful antioxidant, antibiotic and immunomodulator of natural origin, contains components that serve as a storehouse of polysaccharides (beta-glucans), beneficial for strengthening the body, humic acids and improving the performance of its individual systems.Works by awakening the body’s own defenses inherent in nature. Increases vitality and energy levels. Produced using innovative low-temperature technology and contains all the beneficial properties of a unique mushroom.

• Strengthens immunity
• Protects the body from harmful environmental factors and respiratory diseases
• Has a bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory effect
• Promotes disposal of toxins, toxins, free radicals, cholesterol
• Promotes cell regeneration
• Improves the functioning of the circulatory system, makes vessels are more elastic, takes part in the processes of hematopoiesis, reduces thrombus formation
• Improves the functioning of the genitourinary system
• Promotes the restoration of kidney function
• Increases libido, improves potency, promotes good erection and sperm quality
• Stabilizes the nervous system, helps with insomnia and nervous exhaustion, constant fatigue and systematic stress
• Improves the functions of the liver, pancreas
• Improves m enstrual cycle
• Improves lung function
• Relieves diabetes mellitus

Included

• capsules 60 pcs;
• packing – plastic can

Specifications

• 100% natural preparation
• Adults take 2 capsules 2 times a day with meals.Duration of admission is 1 month. If necessary, the reception can be repeated.
• Contraindications: individual idiosyncrasy to the components
• Contains mummy, cordyceps extract, cordyceps
• Storage temperature up to +25 ° C
• Shelf life – 2 years

Psilocybin mushroom how to use for cancer, what is the dosage

What are psilocybin mushrooms?

A cancer diagnosis is just the beginning of a difficult journey.The side effect of the treatment, the excitement that this dangerous disease causes, is difficult to deal with. Statistics show that more than 30% of cancer patients experience affective disorders.

However, it is not enough to defeat the disease. The suicide rate among cancer patients is nearly double that of the general population. In this case, “magic” or psilocybin mushrooms can help.

Two studies, published in The Journal of Psychopharmacology , found psilocybin relieves anxiety and depression in cancer patients and those who cope with the disease in just one session.Moreover, the therapy has a long lasting effect. Perhaps the medical community should take a closer look at psilocybin mushrooms?

What are psilocybin mushrooms?

Psilocybin or hallucinogenic mushrooms are also known as Psilocybe cubensis. This scientific name includes over 100 species of mushrooms containing psilocybin and psilocin. These two substances have a hallucinogenic and relaxing effect, which is manifested by the consumption of mushrooms.

Despite their negative reputation, hallucinogenic mushrooms are giving doctors new hope in treating a range of mental disorders.

As with other drugs and chemicals that affect consciousness, scientists do not yet know for sure how psilocybin works. However, they believe that when psilocybin enters the brain, it decreases its activity, especially in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) . mPFC is associated with obsessive thinking, an area that is usually especially active in people with depression. All depressants suppress the work of mPFC.

RSS , on the contrary, participates in the work of consciousness, ego and self-perception. Psilocybin removes unnecessary “noise” in the head, allowing the brain to access the muffled areas. It also affects serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for mood swings, anxiety and depression.

Scientists have studied the effect of psilocybin on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).It turned out that psilocybin mushrooms are able to create positive memories that can last for months.

In the 1950s and 1960s, scientists studied the possibilities of using hallucinogens, in particular psilocybin, in psychiatry and oncology. In 1970, the United States passed the Substance Control Act, which classifies hallucinogens such as psilocybin mushrooms as Schedule 1 drugs, which means they are highly likely to be abused and are not currently used for medical purposes.Federal funds no longer allocated money for further research.

Most of the current research is funded by nonprofits and individuals who believe in the effectiveness of this substance. And these studies speak to the rich potential of psilocybin.

Cancer Research

Two independent groups of scientists (one from Johns Hopkins University and the other from New York University) simultaneously demonstrated the result of similar studies.Although psilocybin is found in hallucinogenic mushrooms, ”both studies used a synthetic analogue.

The Johns Hopkins University experiment involved 51 adult volunteers diagnosed with cancer. Most of the participants had metastases or relapses. Each patient underwent two therapy sessions 5 weeks apart: the first with a very low dose of psilocybin (too low to have any effect). During the second session, the participants received a “normal” dose of psilocybin.

The effect of the second dose, which lasted 4-6 hours, contributed to a decrease in the level of anxiety and depression right at the time of administration, in contrast to antidepressants and therapies, which have a cumulative effect. The study participants confirmed an improvement in the quality of life, mood and the emergence of meaning in life.

At the same time, the positive result persisted for quite a long time. Six months later, 80% of the participants still showed a reduction in anxiety and depressed mood.83% of the volunteers confirmed an improvement in the quality of life, and 67% noted that this therapy was one of the most significant events in their life.

Ronald Griffiths, a professor of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University and one of the study’s authors, was initially unsure about psilocybin’s effectiveness in treating cancer patients. “Before starting the study, I didn’t know if the treatment would be beneficial, as cancer patients often feel frustrated when they hear a diagnosis that comes with surgery and long-term chemotherapy,” he says.

I expected that after receiving psilocybin, patients would look into the existential void and come out even more frightened. However, the positive changes in mood and behavior that we noticed in healthy volunteers were also confirmed in cancer patients.

The NYU study was smaller (only 29 volunteers), but the results were the same. The patients had progressive forms of breast, gastrointestinal and blood cancers.In connection with the disease, they also had serious psychological disorders.

Participants were randomly assigned to two groups, one taking psilocybin and the other taking niacin (a B vitamin that provides a boost of energy similar to hallucinogenic effects). In the middle of the experiment, the therapy in both groups was reversed. Neither the patients nor the scientists knew in what order the participants took the substances.

As a result of the study, 80% of the volunteers observed a decrease in anxiety and depression for a long period after the end of the experiment.They reported a burst of energy, feelings of peace and an improved quality of life.

Psilocybin mushrooms

Anthony Bossis, PhD, one of the researchers, says:

Our research has shown that taking psilocybin leads to a decrease in the level of psychological distress. And if this substance is effective in the treatment of cancer, then it can also be applied in the case of anxiety associated with other diseases.

Future research and use of psilocybin

Does this mean psilocybin mushrooms will become a new aid to help cancer patients fight depression? Not so fast.

First, both of these studies require some legislative change since the medical use of psilocybin is illegal in the United States. There is no information in the reports on side effects and the possibility of addiction to psychogenic mushrooms and hallucinogens.The annual Global Drug Survey states that psilocybin mushrooms appear to be the safest compared to other recreational drugs.

Only 2% of the 10,000 people who reported using these mushrooms in 2016 sought emergency medical attention. A survey of 120,000 participants from 50 different countries found that people who used MDMA, LSD, alcohol and cocaine were much more likely to seek medical help.Unfortunately, psilocybin research is very limited as it is funded by private and non-profit organizations.

Moreover, both studies were supervised by professionals. Participants were screened for other drug use and family history of psychological illness. For some mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, psilocybin treatment can aggravate the patient’s condition. Scientists emphasize that positive results do not mean that hallucinogenic mushrooms can be used at home as a self-medication method.

Other medicinal mushrooms

However, there are mushrooms that you can use as a natural treatment in a completely safe way.

Among more than 200 types of mushrooms, you can surely find those that you like. Fortunately, they are all very helpful. They are low in carbohydrates, calories and fat, but high in antioxidants and B vitamins. They can strengthen the immune system and reduce inflammation, the root of most diseases.

Mushrooms are also known to lower LDL, the “bad” cholesterol, while raising HDL, the “good” cholesterol. And since most of us spend little time in the sun, mushrooms are a great way to prevent vitamin D deficiency.

Cordyceps: These mushrooms are known for their ability to fight free radicals and all kinds of diseases. Several studies have shown that cordyceps can be used as a natural treatment for cancer, for example, to prevent the growth of tumors.

Maitake: g Maitake ribs are able to strengthen the immune system due to the substances present in their composition. So, in Asia, they are often used as an adjunct to other methods of cancer treatment, these mushrooms are able to minimize the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Maitake is also used to normalize hormonal levels. They increase stamina and act as a natural aphrodisiac.

Oyster mushrooms: At , oyster mushrooms are an excellent anti-inflammatory food that also helps relieve joint pain.They strengthen blood vessels, increase the level of iron in the body, which is especially important if you do not eat meat.

Reishi: The benefits of Reishi have been known for thousands of years. They have adaptogenic properties to help fight stress. Reishi effectively fights inflammation, autoimmune disorders and heart disease. They also naturally increase the production of the body’s defense cells.

Shiitake: e Not only are mushrooms delicious, they also protect our DNA from oxidative damage.Shiitake contains all eight essential amino acids that our body cannot produce on its own. These mushrooms are capable of boosting immunity and may even fight cancer cells.

Tinder fungus: This colorful mushroom can cure colds and flu. Scientists are currently conducting research to use it to boost immunity in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.