Does meloxicam cause high blood pressure: Meloxicam Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing

30.09.202308.07.2023 by alexxlab

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Side effects, dosage, uses, and more

Meloxicam oral tablet is available as both a generic and brand-name drug. Brand name: Mobic.
Meloxicam comes in three forms: an oral tablet, an injection, and an oral capsule.
Meloxicam oral tablets are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). They’re used to treat pain and inflammation caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Meloxicam is a prescription drug. It comes in three forms: an oral tablet, an injection, and an oral capsule.

Meloxicam oral tablet is available as the brand-name drug Mobic.

Meloxicam oral tablet is also available as a generic drug. Generic drugs usually cost less than the brand-name version. In some cases, they may not be available in all strengths or forms as the brand-name drug.

Why it’s used

Meloxicam decreases inflammation and pain. It’s approved to treat:

osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in children ages 2 years and older

How it works

Meloxicam belongs to a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs help reduce pain, inflammation, and fever.

It isn’t known how this medication works to decrease pain. It may help reduce swelling by lowering levels of prostaglandin, a hormone-like substance that usually causes inflammation.

Meloxicam can cause mild or serious side effects. The following list contains some of the key side effects that may occur while taking meloxicam. This list does not include all possible side effects.

For more information on the possible side effects of meloxicam, or tips on how to deal with a troubling side effect, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

More common side effects

The more common side effects that can occur with meloxicam include:

abdominal pain
diarrhea
indigestion or heartburn
nausea
dizziness
headache
itching or rash

If these effects are mild, they may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

Serious side effects

Call your doctor right away if you have serious side effects. Call 911 if your symptoms feel life threatening or if you think you’re having a medical emergency. Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following:

Heart attack. Symptoms can include:
- chest pain or discomfort
- trouble breathing
- cold sweat
- pain or discomfort in one or both arms, your back, shoulders, neck, jaw, or area above your belly button
Stroke. Symptoms can include:
- numbness or weakness of your face, arm, or leg on one side of your body
- sudden confusion
- trouble speaking or understanding speech
- vision problems in one or both eyes
- trouble walking or loss of balance or coordination
- dizziness
- severe headache with no other cause
Stomach and intestinal problems, such as bleeding, ulcers, or tearing. Symptoms can include:
- severe stomach pain
- vomiting blood
- bloody stools
- black, sticky stools
Liver damage. Symptoms can include:
- dark urine or pale stools
- nausea
- vomiting
- not wanting to eat
- pain in your stomach area
- yellowing of your skin or whites of your eyes
Increased blood pressure: Symptoms of extreme high blood pressure can include:
- dull headache
- dizzy spells
- nosebleeds
Water retention or swelling. Symptoms can include:
- rapid weight gain
- swelling in your hands, ankles, or feet
Skin problems, such as blistering, peeling, or red skin rash
Kidney damage. Symptoms can include:
- changes in how much or how often you urinate
- pain with urination
- Decreased red blood cells (anemia)

GASTROINTESTINAL SIDE EFFECTS
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, upset stomach, and nausea occur very often with this drug. Pain, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur more often in children than adults. Sometimes these side effects can cause more serious stomach problems.

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If you or your child has these side effects and they bother you or don’t go away, talk to your doctor.

Meloxicam oral tablet can interact with several other medications. Different interactions can cause different effects. For instance, some can interfere with how well a drug works, while others can cause increased side effects.

Below is a list of medications that can interact with meloxicam. This list does not contain all drugs that may interact with meloxicam.

Before taking meloxicam, be sure to tell your doctor and pharmacist about all prescription, over-the-counter, and other drugs you take. Also tell them about any vitamins, herbs, and supplements you use. Sharing this information can help you avoid potential interactions.

If you have questions about drug interactions that may affect you, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Antidepressants and anxiety drugs

Taking meloxicam with certain antidepressant and anxiety medications raises your risk of bleeding. Examples of these drugs include:

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as citalopram
selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, such as venlafaxine

Corticosteroids

Taking meloxicam with corticosteroids can increase your risk of stomach ulcers or bleeding. Examples of these drugs include:

prednisone
dexamethasone

Cancer drug

Taking pemetrexed with meloxicam can increase your risk for infection, kidney problems, and stomach issues.

Transplant drug

Taking cyclosporine with meloxicam can increase the levels of cyclosporine in your body, causing kidney problems. If you take these drugs together, your doctor should monitor your kidney function.

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug

Taking methotrexate with meloxicam can increase the levels of methotrexate in your body. This can result in kidney problems and an increased risk of infection.

Anticoagulant/blood thinner

Taking warfarin with meloxicam increases your risk of stomach bleeding.

Bipolar disorder medication

Taking lithium with meloxicam can cause amounts of lithium in your blood to increase to dangerous levels. Symptoms of lithium toxicity may include tremors, excessive thirst, or confusion. If you take these drugs together, your doctor may monitor your lithium levels.

Blood pressure drugs

Taking these medications with meloxicam may reduce the blood pressure-lowering effects of these drugs. Examples of these drugs include:

angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), such as candesartan and valsartan
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as benazepril and captopril
beta blockers, such as propranolol and atenolol

Diuretics (water pills)

Taking certain diuretics with meloxicam can decrease the effect of these drugs. Examples of these diuretics include:

hydrochlorothiazide
furosemide

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Meloxicam is an NSAID. Combining it with other NSAIDs may increase your risk of side effects, such as stomach bleeding or ulcers. Examples of NSAIDs include:

aspirin
ibuprofen
naproxen
etodolac
diclofenac
fenoprofen
ketoprofen
tolmetin
indomethacin

The meloxicam dosage your doctor prescribes will depend on several factors. These include:

the type and severity of the condition you’re using meloxicam to treat
your age
the form of meloxicam you take
other medical conditions you may have, such as kidney damage

Typically, your doctor will start you on a low dosage and adjust it over time to reach the dosage that’s right for you. They’ll ultimately prescribe the smallest dosage that provides the desired effect.

The following information describes dosages that are commonly used or recommended. However, be sure to take the dosage your doctor prescribes for you. Your doctor will determine the best dosage to suit your needs.

Forms and strengths

Generic: Meloxicam

Form: oral tablet
Strengths: 7.5 mg, 15 mg

Brand: Mobic

Form: oral tablet
Strengths: 7.5 mg, 15 mg

Dosage for osteoarthritis

Adult dosage (ages 18 years and older)

Typical starting dosage: 7.5 mg taken once per day.
Maximum dosage: 15 mg per day.

Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)

Dosage for people younger than 18 years hasn’t been established. This drug has not been found to be safe and effective in this age group for this condition.

Dosage for rheumatoid arthritis

Adult dosage (ages 18 years and older)

Typical starting dosage: 7.5 mg taken once per day.
Maximum dosage: 15 mg per day.

Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)

Dosage for people younger than 18 years hasn’t been established. This drug has not been found to be safe and effective in this age group for this condition.

Dosage for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

Child dosage (ages 2–17 years)

Typical starting dosage (130 lbs/60 kg): 7.5 mg once daily.
Maximum dosage: 7.5 mg per day.

Child dosage (ages 0–1 years)

Dosage for children younger than 2 years hasn’t been established. This drug has not been found to be safe and effective in this age group.

Special dosage considerations

For people receiving hemodialysis: This drug isn’t removed in dialysis. Taking a typical dosage of meloxicam while receiving hemodialysis may cause a buildup of the drug in your blood. This could cause worsened side effects. The maximum daily dose for people ages 18 years and older and receiving hemodialysis is 7. 5 mg per day.

FDA warnings

This drug has a black box warning. This is the most serious warning from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A black box warning alerts doctors and patients about drug effects that may be dangerous.
Heart risk warning: This drug may increase your risk of developing a blood clot, heart attack, or stroke, which can be fatal. Your risk may be higher if you’re taking it long term, at high doses, or if you already have heart problems or risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure. You shouldn’t take meloxicam for pain before, during, or after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. This can increase your risk for a heart attack or stroke.
Stomach problems warning: This medication may increase your risk of developing stomach and intestinal problems. These include bleeding, ulcers, and holes in your stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. These effects can occur any time while you’re taking this drug. They may happen without any signs or symptoms. Adults ages 65 years and older are at higher risk of these stomach or intestinal problems.

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Allergy warning

Don’t take meloxicam if you’ve had itchy skin, symptoms of asthma, or an allergic reaction to aspirin or other NSAIDs. A second reaction could be much more severe.

Liver damage warning

This drug may affect your liver. Symptoms may include yellowing of your skin or whites of your eyes and liver inflammation, damage, or failure. Your doctor may check your liver function while you take this drug.

Blood pressure warning

This medication may increase or worsen your blood pressure. This can increase your risk of heart attack or stroke. Your doctor may check your blood pressure while you’re taking meloxicam. Some medicines for high blood pressure may not work as well as they should when you’re taking meloxicam.

Allergy warning

Meloxicam can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms may include:

trouble breathing
swelling of your throat or tongue
hives

Don’t take meloxicam if you have asthma, runny nose, and nasal polyps (aspirin triad). Don’t take it if you’ve had itching, trouble breathing, or an allergic reaction to aspirin or other NSAIDs.

Don’t take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it. Taking it again could be fatal (cause death).

Multiorgan hypersensitivity/DRESS warning

This medication can cause multiorgan hypersensitivity. This is also known as a drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). This syndrome can be life threatening. Call your doctor right away if you have symptoms, such as a rash, a fever, or swollen lymph nodes.

Harm to developing fetus warning

You shouldn’t take meloxicam if you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Meloxicam can cause harm to a developing fetus if taken at 20 weeks or later in pregnancy. If you are between 20 to 30 weeks of pregnancy, only take this drug if your doctor has told you to. Do not take this drug if you are more than 30 weeks pregnant.

Warnings for people with certain health conditions

For people with heart or blood vessel diseases: This medication increases your risk of blood clots, which can cause a heart attack or stroke. It may also cause fluid retention, which is common with heart failure.

For people with high blood pressure: This medication may make your blood pressure worse, which can increase your risk of having a heart attack or stroke.

For people with stomach ulcer or bleeding: Meloxicam can make these conditions worse. If you have a history of these conditions, you have a higher chance of having them again if you take this medicine.

For people with liver damage: Meloxicam can cause liver disease and changes in your liver function. It may make your liver damage worse.

For people with kidney disease: If you take meloxicam for a long time, it may decrease your kidney function, making your kidney disease worse. Stopping this drug could reverse kidney damage caused by the drug.

For people with asthma: Meloxicam can cause bronchial spasm and difficulty breathing, especially if your asthma gets worse if you take aspirin.

Warnings for other groups

For pregnant women: Using meloxicam during your third trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of negative effects to your pregnancy. You should not take meloxicam after 30 weeks of pregnancy. If you’re pregnant, talk to your doctor. Meloxicam should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk.

You should also talk to your doctor if you’re trying to get pregnant. Meloxicam can cause a reversible delay in ovulation. If you’re having a hard time getting pregnant or are getting tested for infertility, don’t take meloxicam.

For women who are breastfeeding: It isn’t known if meloxicam passes into breast milk. If it does, it could cause side effects in your child if you breastfeed and take meloxicam. You and your doctor may decide whether you’ll take meloxicam or breastfeed.

For seniors: If you’re age 65 years or older, you may have a higher risk of side effects from meloxicam.

For children: For the treatment of JIA, this drug has been found to be safe and effective for use in children 2 years and older. It should not be used in children younger than 2 years.

For the treatment of other conditions, this drug has not been found to be safe and effective for children of any age. It should not be used in people younger than 18 years.

Meloxicam oral tablet may be used for short-term or long-term treatment. It comes with risks if you don’t take it as prescribed by your doctor.

If you stop taking the drug or don’t take it at all: Your symptoms will remain and may worsen.

If you miss doses or don’t take the drug on schedule: Your medication may not work as well or may stop working completely. For this drug to work well, a certain amount needs to be in your body at all times.

If you take too much: You could have dangerous levels of the drug in your body. Symptoms of an overdose of this drug can include:

nausea
vomiting
stomach pain
stomach bleeding

Overdosing on meloxicam can cause organ failure or serious heart problems. If you think you’ve taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or seek guidance from the American Association of Poison Control Centers at 800-222-1222 or through their online tool. But if your symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away.

What to do if you miss a dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can, However, if it’s just a few hours until your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one on time.

Never try to catch up by taking two doses at once. This could result in serious side effects.

How to tell if the drug is working: You should have less pain and inflammation.

Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes meloxicam oral tablet for you.

General

You can take meloxicam with or without food. If it upsets your stomach, take it with food or milk.
You can cut or crush the oral tablet.

Storage

Store this medication at room temperature, 77°F (25°C). If needed, you can keep it for short periods at temperatures between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C).
Keep this medication away from high temperatures.
Keep your medications away from areas where they could get damp, such as bathrooms.

Refills

A prescription for this medication is refillable.You should not need a new prescription for this medication to be refilled. Your doctor will write the number of refills authorized on your prescription.

Travel

When traveling with your medication:

Always carry your medication with you. When flying, never put it into a checked bag. Keep it in your carry-on bag.
Don’t worry about airport X-ray machines. They won’t damage your medication.
You may need to show airport staff the pharmacy label for your medication. Always carry the original prescription-labeled container with you.
Don’t put this medication in your car’s glove compartment or leave it in the car. Be sure to avoid doing this when the weather is very hot or very cold.

Clinical monitoring

During your treatment with this drug, your doctor may check your:

blood pressure
liver function
kidney function
red blood cell count to check for anemia

Insurance

Many insurance companies require a prior authorization for this drug. This means your doctor will need to get approval from your insurance company before your insurance company will pay for the prescription.

There are other drugs available to treat your condition. Some may be better suited for you than others. Talk with your doctor about other drug options that may work for you.

Disclaimer: Medical News Today has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up to date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or another healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.

Side effects, dosage, uses, and more

Meloxicam oral tablet is available as both a generic and brand-name drug. Brand name: Mobic.
Meloxicam comes in three forms: an oral tablet, an injection, and an oral capsule.
Meloxicam oral tablets are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). They’re used to treat pain and inflammation caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Meloxicam is a prescription drug. It comes in three forms: an oral tablet, an injection, and an oral capsule.

Meloxicam oral tablet is available as the brand-name drug Mobic.

Why it’s used

Meloxicam decreases inflammation and pain. It’s approved to treat:

osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in children ages 2 years and older

How it works

Meloxicam belongs to a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs help reduce pain, inflammation, and fever.

It isn’t known how this medication works to decrease pain. It may help reduce swelling by lowering levels of prostaglandin, a hormone-like substance that usually causes inflammation.

Meloxicam can cause mild or serious side effects. The following list contains some of the key side effects that may occur while taking meloxicam. This list does not include all possible side effects.

For more information on the possible side effects of meloxicam, or tips on how to deal with a troubling side effect, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

More common side effects

The more common side effects that can occur with meloxicam include:

abdominal pain
diarrhea
indigestion or heartburn
nausea
dizziness
headache
itching or rash

If these effects are mild, they may go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. If they’re more severe or don’t go away, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

Serious side effects

Heart attack. Symptoms can include:
- chest pain or discomfort
- trouble breathing
- cold sweat
- pain or discomfort in one or both arms, your back, shoulders, neck, jaw, or area above your belly button
Stroke. Symptoms can include:
- numbness or weakness of your face, arm, or leg on one side of your body
- sudden confusion
- trouble speaking or understanding speech
- vision problems in one or both eyes
- trouble walking or loss of balance or coordination
- dizziness
- severe headache with no other cause
Stomach and intestinal problems, such as bleeding, ulcers, or tearing. Symptoms can include:
- severe stomach pain
- vomiting blood
- bloody stools
- black, sticky stools
Liver damage. Symptoms can include:
- dark urine or pale stools
- nausea
- vomiting
- not wanting to eat
- pain in your stomach area
- yellowing of your skin or whites of your eyes
Increased blood pressure: Symptoms of extreme high blood pressure can include:
- dull headache
- dizzy spells
- nosebleeds
Water retention or swelling. Symptoms can include:
- rapid weight gain
- swelling in your hands, ankles, or feet
Skin problems, such as blistering, peeling, or red skin rash
Kidney damage. Symptoms can include:
- changes in how much or how often you urinate
- pain with urination
- Decreased red blood cells (anemia)

Was this helpful?

If you or your child has these side effects and they bother you or don’t go away, talk to your doctor.

Below is a list of medications that can interact with meloxicam. This list does not contain all drugs that may interact with meloxicam.

If you have questions about drug interactions that may affect you, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Antidepressants and anxiety drugs

Taking meloxicam with certain antidepressant and anxiety medications raises your risk of bleeding. Examples of these drugs include:

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as citalopram
selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, such as venlafaxine

Corticosteroids

Taking meloxicam with corticosteroids can increase your risk of stomach ulcers or bleeding. Examples of these drugs include:

prednisone
dexamethasone

Cancer drug

Taking pemetrexed with meloxicam can increase your risk for infection, kidney problems, and stomach issues.

Transplant drug

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug

Taking methotrexate with meloxicam can increase the levels of methotrexate in your body. This can result in kidney problems and an increased risk of infection.

Anticoagulant/blood thinner

Taking warfarin with meloxicam increases your risk of stomach bleeding.

Bipolar disorder medication

Blood pressure drugs

Taking these medications with meloxicam may reduce the blood pressure-lowering effects of these drugs. Examples of these drugs include:

angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), such as candesartan and valsartan
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as benazepril and captopril
beta blockers, such as propranolol and atenolol

Diuretics (water pills)

Taking certain diuretics with meloxicam can decrease the effect of these drugs. Examples of these diuretics include:

hydrochlorothiazide
furosemide

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Meloxicam is an NSAID. Combining it with other NSAIDs may increase your risk of side effects, such as stomach bleeding or ulcers. Examples of NSAIDs include:

aspirin
ibuprofen
naproxen
etodolac
diclofenac
fenoprofen
ketoprofen
tolmetin
indomethacin

The meloxicam dosage your doctor prescribes will depend on several factors. These include:

the type and severity of the condition you’re using meloxicam to treat
your age
the form of meloxicam you take
other medical conditions you may have, such as kidney damage

Forms and strengths

Generic: Meloxicam

Form: oral tablet
Strengths: 7.5 mg, 15 mg

Brand: Mobic

Form: oral tablet
Strengths: 7.5 mg, 15 mg

Dosage for osteoarthritis

Adult dosage (ages 18 years and older)

Typical starting dosage: 7.5 mg taken once per day.
Maximum dosage: 15 mg per day.

Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)

Dosage for people younger than 18 years hasn’t been established. This drug has not been found to be safe and effective in this age group for this condition.

Dosage for rheumatoid arthritis

Adult dosage (ages 18 years and older)

Typical starting dosage: 7.5 mg taken once per day.
Maximum dosage: 15 mg per day.

Child dosage (ages 0–17 years)

Dosage for people younger than 18 years hasn’t been established. This drug has not been found to be safe and effective in this age group for this condition.

Dosage for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

Child dosage (ages 2–17 years)

Typical starting dosage (130 lbs/60 kg): 7.5 mg once daily.
Maximum dosage: 7.5 mg per day.

Child dosage (ages 0–1 years)

Dosage for children younger than 2 years hasn’t been established. This drug has not been found to be safe and effective in this age group.

Special dosage considerations

FDA warnings

This drug has a black box warning. This is the most serious warning from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A black box warning alerts doctors and patients about drug effects that may be dangerous.
Heart risk warning: This drug may increase your risk of developing a blood clot, heart attack, or stroke, which can be fatal. Your risk may be higher if you’re taking it long term, at high doses, or if you already have heart problems or risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure. You shouldn’t take meloxicam for pain before, during, or after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. This can increase your risk for a heart attack or stroke.
Stomach problems warning: This medication may increase your risk of developing stomach and intestinal problems. These include bleeding, ulcers, and holes in your stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. These effects can occur any time while you’re taking this drug. They may happen without any signs or symptoms. Adults ages 65 years and older are at higher risk of these stomach or intestinal problems.

Was this helpful?

Allergy warning

Don’t take meloxicam if you’ve had itchy skin, symptoms of asthma, or an allergic reaction to aspirin or other NSAIDs. A second reaction could be much more severe.

Liver damage warning

Blood pressure warning

Allergy warning

Meloxicam can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms may include:

trouble breathing
swelling of your throat or tongue
hives

Don’t take this drug again if you’ve ever had an allergic reaction to it. Taking it again could be fatal (cause death).

Multiorgan hypersensitivity/DRESS warning

Harm to developing fetus warning

Warnings for people with certain health conditions

For people with high blood pressure: This medication may make your blood pressure worse, which can increase your risk of having a heart attack or stroke.

For people with liver damage: Meloxicam can cause liver disease and changes in your liver function. It may make your liver damage worse.

For people with asthma: Meloxicam can cause bronchial spasm and difficulty breathing, especially if your asthma gets worse if you take aspirin.

Warnings for other groups

For seniors: If you’re age 65 years or older, you may have a higher risk of side effects from meloxicam.

For children: For the treatment of JIA, this drug has been found to be safe and effective for use in children 2 years and older. It should not be used in children younger than 2 years.

For the treatment of other conditions, this drug has not been found to be safe and effective for children of any age. It should not be used in people younger than 18 years.

Meloxicam oral tablet may be used for short-term or long-term treatment. It comes with risks if you don’t take it as prescribed by your doctor.

If you stop taking the drug or don’t take it at all: Your symptoms will remain and may worsen.

If you take too much: You could have dangerous levels of the drug in your body. Symptoms of an overdose of this drug can include:

nausea
vomiting
stomach pain
stomach bleeding

What to do if you miss a dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can, However, if it’s just a few hours until your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one on time.

Never try to catch up by taking two doses at once. This could result in serious side effects.

How to tell if the drug is working: You should have less pain and inflammation.

Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes meloxicam oral tablet for you.

General

You can take meloxicam with or without food. If it upsets your stomach, take it with food or milk.
You can cut or crush the oral tablet.

Storage

Store this medication at room temperature, 77°F (25°C). If needed, you can keep it for short periods at temperatures between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C).
Keep this medication away from high temperatures.
Keep your medications away from areas where they could get damp, such as bathrooms.

Refills

Travel

When traveling with your medication:

Always carry your medication with you. When flying, never put it into a checked bag. Keep it in your carry-on bag.
Don’t worry about airport X-ray machines. They won’t damage your medication.
You may need to show airport staff the pharmacy label for your medication. Always carry the original prescription-labeled container with you.
Don’t put this medication in your car’s glove compartment or leave it in the car. Be sure to avoid doing this when the weather is very hot or very cold.

Clinical monitoring

During your treatment with this drug, your doctor may check your:

blood pressure
liver function
kidney function
red blood cell count to check for anemia

Insurance

There are other drugs available to treat your condition. Some may be better suited for you than others. Talk with your doctor about other drug options that may work for you.

data from an observational non-interventional multicenter study

Non-specific back pain (NBP) is the most common pathology of the musculoskeletal system, causing suffering and significantly reducing the quality of life in a huge number of patients. In 2013, 19 million 451 thousand cases of NBS were registered in Russia, i.e., almost 15% of the population sought medical help due to the development of this pathology [1].

The main principle of NBS treatment is the most rapid and complete relief of pain and restoration of the patient’s functional activity. Effective analgesic therapy not only alleviates the patient’s condition, but is also the most important element in preventing chronic pain, since chronic back pain is a serious pathology that often leads to permanent disability and even disability and requires long-term and expensive complex treatment [2–4].

The etiology and pathogenesis of acute NBS are still the subject of discussion: most likely, its development is determined by the combined effect of a number of negative factors. Violation of the functional stability of the spinal column, resulting from a non-physiological load, causes local damage to the ligamentous apparatus, which is accompanied by a local inflammatory reaction and provokes a pronounced muscle spasm. At the same time, in the overwhelming majority of cases, an unambiguous relationship between the appearance of acute pain and the presence of structural changes in the spinal column, such as hernia and other degenerative pathology of the intervertebral discs (IVD), osteoarthritis of the facet joints, osteophytes, etc., is not determined [3, 5]. Therefore, the use of instrumental methods of visualization of spinal pathology, in particular, radiography and magnetic resonance imaging, in the absence of symptoms of a life-threatening pathology (the so-called red flags) is inappropriate and is not recommended by many leading experts [6–8].

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the main class of pharmacological agents for the treatment of acute LBP [7, 8]. NSAIDs have a complex pathogenetic effect: they block the synthesis of the most important pain mediator prostaglandin E2, reduce the activation of peripheral pain receptors, suppress the development of local inflammation, and prevent the development of peripheral and central sensitization of the nociceptive system. These drugs should be used as soon as NBS is diagnosed, unless there are red flags and absolute contraindications for NSAIDs.

The appointment of NSAIDs can be justified not only in acute NBS, but also at the beginning of the treatment of lumboischialgia, i.e., with damage to the sciatic nerve caused by IVD hernia [9]. Thus, according to the results of a meta-analysis [10] of 13 studies that determined the natural course of cervical and lumbar radiculopathy, 4-week conservative therapy led to complete relief of this pathology in 88 and 70% of cases, respectively.

However, as practice shows, the use of NSAIDs does not provide rapid and complete pain relief in far from all patients. There are factors that have a significant impact on the effectiveness of NSAIDs. Their identification will make it possible to more accurately predict the volume of therapeutic care in acute NBS and improve the results of treatment of this socially significant pathology.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of NSAIDs (meloxicam) for the relief of acute LBP, depending on the influence of a number of clinical and anamnestic factors.

Material and methods

In order to study the therapeutic potential of the original drug meloxicam (Movalis) in acute NBS, the CAROMBOL study (Clinical Analysis of the Results of Analgesia with Meloxicam and its Safety in Acute Lumbodynia) was conducted. The work was of an observational nature – there were no interventions in the usual medical process, the appointment of new drugs or therapeutic methods. The duration of the use of NSAIDs for the relief of NBS was determined by the attending physician, based on clinical recommendations and personal experience. The appointment of other drugs was not limited: muscle relaxants, B vitamins and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

The study included 2078 patients with NBS, mean age 46.3±13.4 years, 56.6% women. In 34.8% of patients, a real episode of NBS occurred for the first time, in 65.2% – again. Over the previous year, patients experienced from 2 to 12 (average 2.61 ± 1.35) cases of NBS: 2 episodes – in 59. 3%, 3 – in 27.5%, 4 – in 10.5%, 5 and more – in 2.7% of patients.

Inclusion criteria for in the study: age 18 years and older, the fact of visiting a doctor due to acute severe pain in the lower back (duration no more than 2 weeks, severity 4 points or more on a numerical rating scale – NRS), presence of indications for the appointment of meloxicam, in the opinion of the attending physician, the consent of the patient to participate.

Exclusion criteria: contraindications for the use of NSAIDs, the presence of symptoms of severe threatening pathology (“red flags”), as well as severe functional impairment, which makes it difficult to re-observe patients.

The data obtained during 2 visits of patients were analyzed: at the 1st visit, a standard clinical examination and a survey were performed before the appointment of therapy, at the 2nd visit, the result of therapy was evaluated after 14 days.

The severity of NBS was assessed by a 10-point NRS according to the following criteria: 0 points – no pain, 10 – the most severe pain. General well-being was also assessed using NRS, where: 0 points – no deterioration, 10 – the most pronounced deterioration in well-being. The average pain severity at the time of therapy was 6.69±1.65 points, deterioration of health — 5.68±2.09 points. Severe pain (7 points or more) was recorded in 57.0% of patients.

When interviewing patients who had previous episodes of NBS, they found out the fact of using NSAIDs and assessing their effects. As it turned out, the vast majority (70.2%) of patients had already received drugs of this group. The effectiveness of NSAIDs in history was assessed by patients as good in 28.0% of cases, as moderate in 54.6% and as low in 17.4%.

In many patients, when using NSAIDs, a history of adverse reactions (AR) was noted: dyspepsia (gastralgia, nausea, feeling of heaviness in the epigastrium, etc.) – in 44.7% of patients, development of gastric and / or duodenal ulcers – in 2, 7%, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) – in 0. 4%, increased blood pressure (BP) – in 14.1%, edema – in 6.2%, allergic reactions – in 3.4%.

In addition, a number of features of the clinical manifestations of acute NBS were analyzed. When questioning patients, the following symptoms were identified: pain persisting at rest – in 37.2% of patients, pain at night – in 19.0%, feeling of stiffness in the morning or after being at rest – in 60.7%, pain radiating to the leg – in 28.2%, signs of lumboischialgia (intense pain in the leg, which are accompanied by sensory disturbances) – in 9.6%.

All patients were prescribed the original meloxicam (Movalis) at a dose of 15 mg/day. In the majority of patients (86.1%), it was used according to a stepwise scheme: the first 3-5 days in the form of intramuscular (im) injections, with a further transition to the oral form. At 13.9% of patients used only oral meloxicam. According to the decision of the attending physicians, 52.3% of patients also received muscle relaxants (tolperisone – 31. 7%, tizanidine – 18.7%, baclofen – 1.7%), 17.4% – vitamins of group B (mainly for i / m introductions). To prevent the development of NSAID gastropathy, 21.6% of patients were prescribed PPIs, mainly omeprazole.

The result of treatment was determined by the frequency of complete cessation of pain and the dynamics of its severity (if it did not go away completely), as well as the general well-being of patients over 2 weeks of observation. In addition to this, patients were asked to evaluate the result of therapy on a 5-point scale, where: 1 point meant worsening of the condition, 5 – excellent result. We also studied the frequency and nature of NR recorded during the observation period.

Quantitative data obtained are presented as mean and standard error of the mean ( M± m ). Statistical differences in quantitative parameters were determined using the t Student’s t-test, the distribution of rank variables was determined using the odds ratio (OR) and Fisher’s exact test. Indicator O.Sh. is given in the paper along with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

After 2 weeks, complete or almost complete cessation of NBS was achieved in 75.2% of patients, while the required duration of NSAID use for pain relief averaged 8.61±5.53 days.

Patients who retained NBS after 2 weeks of therapy noted a significant decrease in its intensity: on average, from 6.69±1.65 to 2.38±1.61 NRS points. There was a significant positive trend in the assessment of their well-being by patients: from 5.68±2.09up to 2.57±1.83 NRS points. In comparison with the baseline, the decrease in the severity of pain and improvement in general well-being reached 64.2±22.8 and 54.4±19.6%, respectively.

The result of treatment was rated as excellent by 30.6% of patients, as good by 52.9%, as satisfactory by 13.5%, as low or absent by 2.7%.

In 96 (4.6%) patients during therapy, adverse reactions were recorded: dyspepsia – in 82 (3. 9%), increased blood pressure – in 22 (1.1%), allergy – in 2 (0.1%) , heartburn – in 2 (0.1%) and constipation – in 2 (0.1%). All N.R. were mild to moderate and did not require interruption of therapy.

The relationship between the achievement of the main result of treatment (complete relief of pain after 2 weeks of observation) and the presence of a number of clinical and anamnestic factors was investigated. The frequency of relief of NBS, depending on the presence or absence of the studied factors, is shown in the figure. Influence of various factors on the effectiveness of NBS treatment. The abscissa shows the frequency of complete relief of back pain in the presence and absence of the studied factor (%). * — significant difference in the incidence of NBS relief (p<0.05). The gender of patients did not affect the outcome of treatment (OR 0.967, 95% CI 0.795-1.177, p = 0.763). The effectiveness of treatment was significantly higher in patients younger than 65 years (OR 2. 053, 95% CI 1.592–2.642, p = 0.000), in patients who had the first episode of NBS (OR 1.415, 95% CI 1.09–1.836, p = 0.009) and a good response to NSAIDs in history (OR 1.937, 1.513–2.481, p = 0.000). A lower treatment outcome was associated with the presence of initially severe pain (7 points or more according to the NRS) (OR 0.481, 95% CI 0.393-0.588, p = 0.000), the presence of pain at rest and at night (OR 0.559, 95% CI 0.441-0.709, p = 0.000 and OR 0.511 95% CI 0.413-0.631, p = 0.000, respectively) and especially with the clinic of lumbar ischialgia (OR 0.346, 95% CI 0.2 56-0.466, p = 0.000). Compared with meloxicam monotherapy, the combined use of this drug with muscle relaxants and B vitamins did not increase the effectiveness of treatment (OR 0.827, 95% CI 0.594-0.889, p = 0.02 and OR 0.917, 95% CI 0.804-1.1201 , p = 0.452, respectively).

Talk

It has been shown that the use of the original meloxicam 15 mg/day makes it possible to achieve complete relief of pain in the vast majority (more than 75%) of patients. At the same time, the average duration of the course of NSAIDs before the cessation of pain was slightly more than 1 week (8.6±5.5 days). An important indicator of the effectiveness of this drug can also serve as a high rating (good or excellent), which was given to the results of treatment by more than 80% of patients.

The results are consistent with the literature on the efficacy of meloxicam in back pain. For example, K. Colberg et al. [11] compared the effects of meloxicam (15 mg/day once intravenously, i.v., then orally) and diclofenac (single intravenous injection, 75 mg, then orally, 100 mg/day) in 183 patients with acute NBS. After 1 week of treatment, the pain completely stopped in 64 and 47% of patients, respectively ( p <0.05). Moderate or severe pain remained only in 8 and 12% of patients, respectively. It is important to note that in 13% of patients treated with meloxicam, pain was completely relieved already on the 1st day of therapy.

Similar results were obtained by H. Bosch et al. [12], who conducted a comparative study of meloxicam 15 mg/day (single IV, then oral) and piroxicam 20 mg/day (IM on day 1, then oral) in 169 patients with acute NBS. After 7 days, the pain was completely relieved in 54 and 48% of patients, respectively. Moderate or severe pain persisted in 16 and 18% of patients, respectively (the difference was not statistically significant).

V.V. Alekseev and E.V. Podchufarova [13] studied the effectiveness of the original meloxicam at a dose of 15 mg/day in 767 patients with chronic back pain, 88.4% of whom had a lumbodynia clinic, 11.6% had radiculopathy. Meloxicam was used in the form of intramuscular injections for the first 3 days, then orally for up to 3–4 weeks, depending on the characteristics of the clinic. According to the data obtained, the decrease in pain in lumbodynia averaged 36.1%, in radiculopathy – 35.7%. The vast majority of patients (78.0%) gave a high rating to the action of meloxicam.

The good result obtained with the use of meloxicam in the present study and the high assessment of its therapeutic potential from the point of view of patients seem to be particularly significant in comparison with previous experience with NSAIDs – only 28. 0% of patients gave a good assessment of the effectiveness of NSAIDs in history. In addition, many patients noted various adverse events during the use of these drugs, such as dyspepsia (44.7%) and increased blood pressure (14.1%). Meloxicam showed excellent tolerability – AR occurred in only 4.6% of patients, and there were no serious, life-threatening complications. The results obtained almost completely coincide with the data of the study by V.V. Alekseeva and E.V. Podchufarova [13], who noted the appearance of HP only in 4.7% of patients.

Meloxicam belongs to the group of NSAIDs with a relatively low risk of developing adverse events, which is confirmed by a large number of clinical and observational studies. So, M. Yang et al. [14] presented data from a network meta-analysis of 36 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) ( n =112 351), which assessed the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events while taking highly selective NSAIDs (coxibs) and moderately selective NSAIDs (meloxicam, nabumeton and etodolac). According to the calculations, the frequency of serious complications from the gastrointestinal tract when using moderately selective NSAIDs, including meloxicam, was almost equal to the frequency of complications when using coxibs. The OR for complicated ulcers was 1.38 (95% CI 0.47–3.27), for symptomatic ulcers 1.02 (95% CI 0.09–3.92), for total GI complications 1.04 (95% CI 0.87 -1.25), to cancel treatment due to gastrointestinal complications – 1.02 (95% CI 0.57-1.74).

The likelihood of developing cardiovascular and renal complications when using meloxicam was evaluated by W. Asghar et al. [15]. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of a series of RCTs, cohort studies and case-control studies (19 studies in total), in which this indicator was determined for the group of the most popular NSAIDs. Meloxicam had a minimal combined risk of cardiovascular and renal complications (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04-1.25).

In our country, 29 clinical trials of the original meloxicam were performed for various pathologies ( n = 3736) lasting from 7 days to 12 months. Of these studies, 11 were on the use of meloxicam for back pain. More than 2/3 of the study participants rated the result of using the drug as good or excellent. The total number of AEs during therapy with meloxicam was 6.4%, which was significantly lower than when using other NSAIDs that represented active control (30.5%) [16].

The present study found that not all patients respond equally to NSAID therapy and this difference may be due to certain clinical and history factors. In particular, it has been shown that the frequency of relief of NBS is significantly higher in patients younger than 65 years. The worse response to analgesic therapy and the tendency to chronic pain in elderly patients are noted by many scientists [17-19]. Probably, the aging process of the body leads to a slowdown in the rate of repair of damaged tissue and a slower rate of natural inhibition of the inflammatory response. It cannot be ruled out that older patients often have structural changes in the spine (degenerative changes in the vertebrae and IVD, osteophytes, osteoarthritis of the facet joints, etc. ), which can contribute to chronic inflammation and pain and, as a result, significantly affect the effectiveness of analgesic drugs.

Meloxicam “worked” significantly better in patients who had NBS for the first time, in comparison with those who had repeated back pain. Obviously, the frequent recurrence of NPS indicates the beginning of the formation of chronic pain syndrome [20, 21]. The appearance of acute pain is associated with local tissue damage and a local inflammatory process. The pathogenesis of chronic pain is much more complicated: it includes the development of dysfunction of the pain system, the appearance of the phenomenon of central sensitization, and insufficiency of antinociceptive mechanisms [22]. NSAIDs, the main target of which is the activation of peripheral nociceptors, are more effective in the early stages of the disease, when the central links in the development of chronic pain are not yet involved. In chronic pain, drugs are less effective than in acute pain [22], which is confirmed, in particular, by the work of W. Enthoven et al. [23]. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of 6 RCTs ( n =1354), which studied the effectiveness of NSAIDs in chronic NBS, and showed that their analgesic effect is almost equal to that of placebo: on a 100 mm VAS, the average difference was only 3.3 mm.

In the present study, the effect of meloxicam was significantly greater in those patients who had a history of good response to other NSAIDs. Probably, the successful use of these drugs in previous episodes of NBS is associated with a leading role in the development of the pathology of peripheral damage and inflammatory response, which in turn are the main pharmacological goal for any NSAIDs. It can be assumed that this variant of NBS is more susceptible to treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs, which determines the success when using meloxicam.

In other words, there was a contradiction: in the presence of characteristic clinical signs of the inflammatory process (decrease in the severity of pain during movement, its preservation at rest and at night), the effectiveness of NSAIDs was significantly lower, although NSAIDs, the main action of which is the suppression of the inflammatory response, should “work” better precisely with this NBS phenotype [24]. This contradiction can be explained as follows. Probably, the appearance of NBS at rest and at night indicates a more pronounced damage to soft tissues (ligaments, fascia, muscle fibers) than in the case when pain is noted only during physical exertion or movement. It is a serious injury that becomes the source of a clinically pronounced inflammatory reaction. However, the result of therapy in this situation may be lower, since it takes more time for the body to recover from serious damage [25]. To a certain extent, this theory is confirmed by the fact that the response to NSAIDs was clearly lower in patients with initially severe pain (7 points or more according to NRS). Thus, strong pain sensations are most likely associated with a greater amount of local damage. It cannot be ruled out that the formation of severe pain is associated with the individual characteristics of the nociceptive system, in particular, with the initially low pain threshold.

A less pronounced effect of NSAIDs in patients who had irradiation of pain in the leg, and especially in patients with signs of lumboischialgia, seems to be a completely natural phenomenon. The most important element in the formation of pain in this situation is the pathology of the nervous tissue, i.e. we are talking about neuropathic pain. But NSAIDs, unfortunately, are ineffective in such cases [26]. This position is confirmed by the work of E. Rasmussen-Barr et al. [27], who conducted a meta-analysis of 10 RCTs ( n =1651), which evaluated the effect of NSAIDs in lumboischialgia. According to the data obtained, NSAIDs were not superior to placebo in analgesic effect (mean difference -4.56, 95% CI -11.11-1.99) and only slightly differed in the effect on general well-being (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1 03-1.27).

The present study showed that the likelihood of success in the treatment of NBS does not increase with the combined use of meloxicam and muscle relaxants. This result is somewhat surprising, since muscle relaxants are widely used in the treatment of NPS [7, 8], and their therapeutic potential has been confirmed by a series of well-designed studies. Evidence for the effectiveness of muscle relaxants, in particular, comes from a meta-analysis of 5 RCTs ( n =496) by C. Abdel Shaheed et al. [28]. At the same time, it should be noted that there are works that have shown the absence of an increase in the effectiveness of NBS therapy when using a combination of NSAIDs and muscle relaxants in comparison with NSAID monotherapy [29, 30].

It should be taken into account that the design of the presented work did not provide for a unified scheme for the use of pharmacological agents. Indications for the appointment of muscle relaxants were determined by the attending physician, based on the clinical situation. It is possible that patients treated with a combination of meloxicam and muscle relaxants experienced more severe pain or painful hypertonicity of the muscles of the lower back. The difference in the clinic could affect the assessment of the results of therapy, so it seems premature to draw any global conclusions about the ineffectiveness of muscle relaxants based on our data.

Equally balanced approach should be taken when evaluating the results of the combined use of meloxicam with preparations of B vitamins. According to our data, the use of the latter did not increase the effectiveness of the treatment of NBS in comparison with meloxicam monotherapy. Of course, B vitamins (including in the form of intramuscular injections) are very popular in Russia as a treatment for NBS [31, 32], but they have a rather limited evidence base [33–35]. The appointment of B vitamins does not appear in the international guidelines for the management of patients with acute and chronic NBS [7, 8].

Thus, based on the results of a multicenter observational study, it should be concluded that the original meloxicam (Movalis) can be considered as the drug of choice for the treatment of acute NBS. This drug showed high efficacy and a favorable safety profile: its administration made it possible to achieve complete relief of NBS in most patients with a minimal incidence of AE.

The data obtained identified a group of patients requiring special attention in the treatment of NBS. These are elderly people, patients with frequent recurrences of back pain, who previously had low efficacy of NSAIDs. When prescribing NSAIDs, one should also take into account the features of the NBS clinic – high pain intensity, its inflammatory phenotype, and signs of lumboischialgia. The presence of these factors requires special attention to patients, a longer and more complex therapy based on the use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treatment.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

*e-mail: [email protected]

Side effects of meloxicam and how to avoid them – Product Information

Home >> Product Information >> Meloxicam Side Effects and How to Avoid Them

Information about the drug

Meloxicam is a prescription drug that relieves pain and swelling caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Meloxicam, also sold in pharmacies under the brand names Mobic, Vivlodex, Qmiiz, and Anjeso, can be taken by mouth as tablets, capsules, disintegrating tablets, or oral suspension, or it can be injected directly into the bloodstream by a healthcare professional.

As a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), Meloxicam belongs to the same family of well-known drugs as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen. However, meloxicam is not just an enhanced version of Advil or Aleve. People should be aware that meloxicam as a prescription NSAID comes with more serious risks, side effects, warnings, and drug interactions than regular OTC NSAIDs.

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Common side effects of meloxicam

The most common side effects of meloxicam (affecting 2% or more of people taking the medicine):

Abdominal pain
Headache
Flu-like symptoms
Dizziness
Nausea
Diarrhea
Sore throat
Fluid retention
Accidents and falls
Constipation
Insomnia
Upper respiratory infection
Urinary tract infection
Joint pain
Back pain
Indigestion
Flatulence
Rash
Itching
Urinary problems
Vomiting

Serious side effects of meloxicam

Meloxicam can cause serious and even life-threatening side effects, especially when used at high doses or for a long time. This includes:

Acute cardiovascular disease
Stroke
Blood clots
High blood pressure
Chronic heart failure
Bleeding, ulcers or perforations in the stomach dke or intestines.
Liver damage or failure
Impaired kidney function or kidney failure
Anemia
Bleeding problems
Asthma attacks in people with asthma
Severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, difficulty breathing, or severe skin reactions

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Serious side effects effects will require immediate medical attention.

Meloxicam and headaches

Headaches are a common, less serious side effect of meloxicam. In two 12-week clinical trials in patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, 5.5% to 8.3% of people taking meloxicam reported headaches. In six-month trials, 2.6% to 3.6% of people taking meloxicam, experienced headaches. However, headaches as a side effect do not appear to be dose dependent.

Meloxicam and weight gain

Weight gain and loss are uncommon side effects of meloxicam, affecting less than 2% of people who take it. However, fluid retention (edema) is a common side effect, reported by 0.6% to 4.5% of people taking meloxicam in clinical studies. Left untreated, swelling can lead to cardiovascular problems, including congestive heart failure in vulnerable individuals. Fluid retention can be partially identified by unexplained weight gain, so involuntary weight gain should be reported to your doctor or other healthcare professional.

Meloxicam overdose

As an NSAID, an overdose of meloxicam can lead to serious health problems, as evidenced by the more common experience of people taking overdoses of common over-the-counter NSAIDs such as aspirin or ibuprofen. The most frequent symptoms of an overdose of NSAIDs:

Energy lack
Dreaminess
Nausea
vomiting
pain in the abdomen
Lovetled
Dizziness
Hematemesis
Black or tarry stools

Severe overdose can lead to high blood pressure, kidney failure, convulsions, coma, respiratory failure and death. People with any symptoms of an NSAID overdose will need immediate medical attention.

How long do the side effects of meloxicam last?

Most of the common side effects of meloxicam are temporary and resolve when the drug is stopped. Unfortunately, meloxicam stays in the body much longer than other NSAIDs, so side effects can persist a day or two after the last dose. More serious side effects, such as ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding, may take much longer to resolve, even after meloxicam is stopped.

Contraindications and warnings for meloxicam

Like all prescription NSAIDs, meloxicam has risks that may outweigh the benefits for some people. The FDA determines whether a drug is safe for certain people by issuing contraindications and warnings. When a drug carries a high risk of dangerous side effects in certain people, is contraindicated for those people – is never for use in these patients. When a remedy is more risky than usual for some patients, it has warning. You can take the medicine, but its use and dosage will need to be monitored or changed.

Allergies

Meloxicam should never be used in people with a known allergy to meloxicam or other NSAIDs.

Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)

CABG, more commonly known as bypass surgery or coronary bypass surgery, restores normal blood flow to the heart muscles by diverting a coronary artery or using a blood vessel graft to bypass a blocked coronary artery. Because meloxicam can cause blood clotting and cardiovascular problems, it is never used before or for several weeks after bypass surgery.

Asthma

Some people have aspirin-responsive asthma, also known as aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). When taking aspirin or other NSAIDs, AERD patients respond with classic asthma symptoms such as wheezing and coughing. This reaction can be fatal. Meloxicam should not be given to people with aspirin-sensitive asthma. Other people with asthma will need caution and monitoring in case of a serious reaction.

Other medical conditions

Meloxicam and other NSAIDs may worsen existing medical conditions, so these medicines require caution and supervision when given to people with risk factors such as:

Heart disease
Chronic heart failure
Blood clots and stroke
Ulcers or bleeding in the digestive system
High blood pressure
Fluid retention
Blood clotting disorders
Kidney problems
Liver disease and
Poor general health

Children

Meloxicam is FDA approved for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children 2 years of age and older. In three clinical trials, children experienced the same side effects as adults, but at a higher frequency.

Elderly

People 65 years of age and older are at higher risk of side effects, so they can be started at a lower dose and monitored.

Fertility

Meloxicam may delay ovulation, so women who are trying to conceive or are undergoing fertility treatment should not use meloxicam.

Pregnancy

Meloxicam should not be taken by pregnant women after 30 weeks because NSAIDs affect the development of the heart in the unborn child. There are not enough studies to know if meloxicam is safe for women or an unborn baby in the first 30 weeks of pregnancy. Women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy should discuss the risks with their doctor.

Breastfeeding

It is not known if meloxicam is safe to take while breastfeeding or how much passes into breast milk. Nursing mothers should consult their doctor before taking meloxicam.

Dependence

Meloxicam is non-addictive and does not require dose reduction upon discontinuation.

Meloxicam interactions

Taking two or more drugs can sometimes lead to trouble. Meloxicam is no exception. Meloxicam acts on many organs and systems of the body, especially on the blood, stomach and kidneys. Therefore, meloxicam may interact with other drugs and products in a variety of ways. Here’s how to sort through all of them:

Meloxicam and NSAIDs

As previously stated, meloxicam is an NSAID. When taken with other NSAIDs, including regular aspirin or ibuprofen, the risk of side effects is increased due to their additive action. This is because all NSAIDs cause similar side effects to a greater or lesser extent, especially gastrointestinal problems, including stomach pain, bleeding, and ulcers. As a general rule, two or more NSAIDs should be avoided except on the advice of a doctor. Taking several types of NSAIDs will delay their elimination from the body and increase the risk of side effects. Acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, can immediately replace NSAIDs for pain or fever, but not in the long term with meloxicam.

Meloxicam and bleeding

Meloxicam interferes with the body’s ability to form blood clots. Thus, when meloxicam is taken with anticoagulants such as warfarin, there is an increased risk of bleeding, especially stomach bleeding. This is because NSAIDs also target COX-1 receptors, which protect the stomach lining. A doctor will need to monitor blood clotting in any person taking meloxicam with blood thinners. SSRIs (antidepressants), SSRIs (antidepressants), and some anticancer drugs also increase the risk of bleeding and gastrointestinal bleeding when combined with meloxicam.

Some drugs specifically increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, including corticosteroids, some osteoporosis drugs (bisphosphonates), and some anticancer drugs. They also need to be used carefully in combination with meloxicam.

There are several over-the-counter dietary and herbal supplements that also interfere with blood clotting, such as fish oil, garlic, ginkgo, willow bark, krill oil, and saw palmetto. A healthcare professional can give sound advice about combining these supplements with meloxicam.

Meloxicam and blood pressure

High blood pressure is a common side effect of meloxicam, so taking meloxicam may counteract the effects of medications designed to lower blood pressure. Also, taking meloxicam with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)—two common types of blood pressure medications—increases the risk of kidney problems and high potassium (hyperkalemia) in older people or people with existing kidney problems.

Some medications also increase blood pressure. Combining any of these with meloxicam increases the risk of high blood pressure:

Caffeine, alcohol and nicotine
Stimulants
Antidepressants
Asthma drugs
Decongestants
Birth control pills
Medicines for migraine
Certain anticancer drugs immunosuppressive drugs
Anti-Parkinson’s drugs

These drugs should not necessarily be taken with meloxicam, but blood pressure should be monitored when taken together.

Some popular herbs and supplements also increase blood pressure, such as ephedra, licorice and yohimbe. Again, the risk of high blood pressure is increased when these supplements are taken along with meloxicam.

Meloxicam and diuretics

Taking meloxicam with certain types of loop diuretics or thiazide diuretics can lower sodium levels, which can be potentially harmful, or reduce kidney function. If you are not sure which diuretic you are taking, your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider can help determine it. Therapy will need to be monitored and may need to be modified.

Meloxicam and the kidneys

Meloxicam affects substances that regulate blood flow in the kidneys by changing how well the kidneys remove drugs from the body. It may increase kidney damage caused by other medicines such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus. As an alternative, meloxicam may decrease the ability of the kidneys to clear certain drugs, particularly lithium, a drug used to treat bipolar disorder, methotrexate, a drug used to treat cancer or rheumatism, and pemetrexed, an anticancer drug. This may sound good, but what it actually means is that these drugs stay in the body longer at higher concentrations, increasing their toxicity and potential for side effects. Again, these medications cannot be completely avoided, but their dosing regimens may need to be changed.

How to avoid the side effects of meloxicam

Like all medicines, meloxicam can have side effects, especially stomach and small bowel problems. A few rules of thumb can help improve your chances:

1. Take meloxicam as directed.

Take your daily dose as directed. Do not increase or decrease the dose. Don’t miss an appointment, and if you do, don’t take extra medicine to make up for the missed appointment.

2. Avoid other NSAIDs.

Many over-the-counter pain relievers are in the same class of drugs as meloxicam, including aspirin. They have many of the same side effects as meloxicam and are eliminated in the same way, so avoiding them while taking meloxicam is recommended.

3. Take meloxicam with food.

Meloxicam can be taken with or without food. If taking meloxicam causes stomach problems, consider taking meloxicam with food. Meloxicam can also be safely taken with antacids.

4. Avoid long-term use of meloxicam.

The chance of side effects, including serious side effects, increases with the duration of the medication. To minimize side effects, meloxicam should be taken at the lowest possible doses for the shortest possible period of time to achieve therapy goals. If a condition such as rheumatoid arthritis requires continuous use of painkillers, a healthcare professional may suggest alternatives to the long-term use of meloxicam.

5. Avoid smoking and alcohol.

Smoking and drinking increase the risk of stomach ulcers in people taking NSAIDs such as meloxicam.

6. Tell your doctor about all medical conditions.

To reduce the risk of side effects, make sure your healthcare provider is aware of all past and present medical conditions, such as:

Heart problems, including heart disease or a heart attack
History of blood clots or stroke
Ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding
Fluid retention
Asthma
High cholesterol
Diabetes mellitus
Liver problems or
Kidney problems
NSAID allergy

Prescriber must also will know about pregnancy status, breastfeeding, fertility treatment or any plans for pregnancy.