Prozac Side Effects: Long and Short-Term Consequences

Prozac or Fluoxetine is an antidepressant for treating mental health problems like obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and panic attacks. It also treats various kinds of eating disorders and is one of the most popular drugs of its kind, available both in brand and generic versions. Like with all other drugs, Prozac side effects can be short-term and long-term. Some of them can only cause mild discomfort, while others require a visit to the doctor to consider alternatives. What are the side effects of Prozac? How does it affect sexual life? Is it safe during pregnancy? Find out the answers to these questions.

Common Adverse Reactions

Like other antidepressants, Fluoxetine boosts the supply of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is often called the happy chemical as it contributes to an individual’s overall happiness and wellbeing. However, the human brain has a complex nature, and every neurotransmitter performs various jobs. Merely increasing the number of happy chemicals in the brain might alleviate depression and lower neuropathic pain, but this could also lead to certain adverse reactions. The adverse effects could range from slightly troublesome to highly debilitating or fatal.

Here Are Some of the Common Effects:

• Nausea
• Anxiety
• Dry mouth
• Upset stomach
• Headaches
• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Constipation
• Nervousness
• Weight changes
• Heart palpitations
• Sleep problems (insomnia)
• Cold symptoms (stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat)

Having suicidal tendencies is also one of Prozac side effects. Overall, antidepressants are effective in reducing the symptoms of depression. However, certain pieces of evidence suggest that the medication may worsen the suicidal thoughts of vulnerable patients. Although the actual link between antidepressants and suicidality is not yet established, it is said that children and adolescents appear to have an increased risk of suicidal attempts and ideations when under Fluoxetine treatment.

Besides that, combining Fluoxetine with other drugs or alcohol can worsen the adverse reactions, and can even lead to a Fluoxetine overdose. One should take caution and remember that mixing drugs is never a good idea.

Prozac Sexual Side Effects

Both genders can experience Prozac sexual side effects. Unfortunately, many of those taking antidepressants complain about low libido, having erectile dysfunction, or experiencing difficulties with having an orgasm. These Prozac sexual side effects possibly emerge because when serotonin levels increase, dopamine levels could reduce, and dopamine is the neurotransmitter responsible for arousal. This is how SSRI antidepressants can lower the sex drive.

The medication can also influence the person’s body mass – dome individuals are likely to gain weight which affects libido and self-confidence. Fluoxetine and weight loss combination is also possible.

Sexual Effects In Men

The sexual side effects of Prozac are more common in men than women. Men taking antidepressants can experience a decrease in sexual desire, a decrease in arousal, or both at the same time. Unfortunately, for men taking Fluoxetine, erectile dysfunction is not uncommon. Because of the decreased sexual desire and the reduced arousal, men often find it difficult to get an erection. Some men have trouble maintaining one. In some cases, men who took Fluoxetine had difficulties reaching an orgasm.

Sexual Effects In Women

Even though Fluoxetine side effects are more common in men, they are more potent in women. Women who take Fluoxetine are also more likely to notice a decrease in their arousal. They can also experience delayed lubrication. Usually, women on antidepressants can experience a delay or absence of orgasm.

Long-term Side Effects of Fluoxetine

In 2016, Patient Preference and Adherence published a paper demonstrating the experiences of people who take antidepressants like Fluoxetine long-term. Generally, they claimed that they were less depressed but experienced specific adverse effects.

The Long-Term Dangers of Fluoxetine Include:

• Weight gain
• Sexual problems
• Feeling numb emotionally
• Caring less about others
• Not feeling like themselves
• Feeling addicted
• Feeling suicidal

Because of the possible health and social harm they can bring, taking SSRIs has been considered a public health issue. It’s essential to understand how SSRIs affect the mind and the body, especially in the long term.

Dr. Ben Weinstein, a psychiatry professor at Baylor College of Medicine, states that there is lots of controversy in the global medical community about SSRIs’ long-term effects due to them being overused or overprescribed. Though this doesn’t mean doctors shouldn’t prescribe them, it’s essential to take their long-term effects more seriously.

Risk of Diabetes

A user who takes high doses of the medication for an extended period could experience seizures and heart rhythm abnormalities. Fluoxetine side effects connected to heart problems may be due to the typical weight gain that users experience. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry demonstrates that long-term SSRI users, including Fluoxetine, are also at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. The risk of diabetes among those aged 44 years and below is higher as compared to older adults.

Organoleptic Reactions

Clinical and anecdotal reports also stated that some other long-term Fluoxetine side effects include an altered sense of smell, hearing, taste, food/drug intolerances, constant pain, visual problems, burning hands, feet, etc. Some of these symptoms are felt when a user stops taking Fluoxetine.

Upon taking SSRIs long-term, the brain’s neurotransmitters may get used to functioning in a specific way. It would then be hard for the brain to return to normal functioning, and when discontinued, the user may experience withdrawals of discontinuation syndrome.

Further withdrawal symptoms of Fluoxetine include disrupted sleep patterns, tremors, digestion issues, etc. , that could go on for weeks or months.

Prozac and Pregnancy Dangers

Women of childbearing years often suffer from depressive disorder and other related disorders caused by several factors, including infertility or inability to conceive on time they wished to. Besides that, some women develop depression during pregnancy; others develop days or weeks after giving birth.

Prozac affects sex drive and fertility. However, the benefits usually outweigh the risks. Most often than not, health care providers consider extending Fluoxetine during pregnancy. In fact, no studies show any dangers with Prozac and pregnancy, which is contrary to some beliefs that the medication’s ingredients cause either congenital disabilities or even result in a miscarriage.

Always bear in mind that it has even more significant risks for pregnant women on Prozac to stop the treatment, including the high chances of miscarriage, preeclampsia, postpartum depression, or even suicide. For some women, before the start of the third trimester, the antidepressant dosage is usually tapered, but this does not apply to all. It still depends on the treatment regime of the health professionals.

Prozac while Breastfeeding

Taking Prozac while breastfeeding is recommended for mothers who are struggling with postpartum depression. Although researches show an amount of Prozac ingredients found in breast milk, there is not enough evidence showing breastfed babies getting problems related to Fluoxetine.

A study done on the effects on babies whose mothers are taking antidepressants, including Prozac, during breastfeeding shows no significant differences between babies who are not exposed to Prozac. It has even mentioned in another study that untreated depression has significant effects on the child’s IQ.

Getting Professional Help

Like all other drugs, antidepressants have their benefits but can also cause Fluoxetine side effects. Perhaps the most dangerous long-term reaction is an addiction that can develop in any patient. In such cases, a doctor can offer other options and consider the pros and cons of other antidepressant medications, like Prozac vs Zoloft.

If the addiction problem is not addressed on time, the situation can escalate and transform into a complex set of issues that are even more difficult to manage. As soon as the Prozac addiction is identified, help must be sought as a matter of urgency. Waiting or trying to deal with the issue alone can only lead to the problem worsening.

Several drug treatment strategies can be employed to help the person achieve successful recovery. These strategies use a multipronged approach to address the physical, psychological, and behavioral dependencies that come with the habit. Physical treatment therapies include medication to treat and manage withdrawal symptoms. Psychological therapies focus on breaking mental and psychological dependencies. Behavioral therapies address psychosocial issues surrounding the habit.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does Prozac make you feel?

After being used, Prozac makes users feel more relaxed, less anxious, and generally more elated. These effects will, however, not be seen immediately after use. Instead, effects like increased anxiety and irritability are noticed. These stay until the body chemicals adjust to Prozac.

Do Prozac side effects go away?

Initial use of Prozac leads to the occasion of common adverse reactions like nausea development, diarrhea, fatigue, and inability to sleep, among others. These effects are often due to the new introduction of the drug to the body and its initial response. These symptoms usually wear off after the body is used to the drug.

Does Prozac make you sleepy?

Yes, as an SSRI, Prozac encourages users to sleep. Prozac should, however, be used in the long term before this effect can be observed as short-term use can impair sleep patterns. Overall, Prozac encourages and eases sleep but doesn’t make users sleepy in itself.

Does Prozac make you tired?

Fatigue is one of the common adverse effects of antidepressants like Fluoxetine. They cause fatigue as they make neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine linger in the spaces between the nerve cells, where they do their job of regulating the mood. To minimize this side effect, pop the pill during bedtime, take a nap during the day, or practice regular exercise. Also, avoid combining alcohol and Prozac and any medications that can be sedating so the fatigue won’t worsen.

Does Prozac cause heartburn?

Some Fluoxetine users experience heartburn, although this side effect is not widespread. Antidepressants work as muscle relaxants. Thus, they may relax even the lower esophageal sphincter LES, which eventually increases gastric acid secretion. To avoid Fluoxetine side effects like this, stay upright for around 20 minutes after taking Fluoxetine.

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Page Sources

1. U. S National Library of Medicine, MedlinePlus, Fluoxetine. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a689006.html
2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Suicidality in Children and Adolescents Being Treated With Antidepressant Medications, 2018. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/suicidality-children-and-adolescents-being-treated-antidepressant-medications
3. Michelson, Mark Schmidt, Julia Lee, Rosalinda Tepner, D. (2001). Changes in sexual function during acute and six-month fluoxetine therapy: a prospective assessment. Journal of Sex &Marital Therapy, 27(3), 289-302. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11354934/
4. Labbate, L. A., & Pollack, M. H. (1994). Treatment of fluoxetine-induced sexual dysfunction with bupropion: a case report. Annals of clinical psychiatry, 6(1), 13-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7951639/
5. Cartwright, C., Gibson, K., Read, J., Cowan, O., & Dehar, T. (2016). Long-term antidepressant use: patient perspectives of benefits and adverse effects. Patient preference and adherence, 10, 1401. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27528803/
6. Wu, C. S., Gau, S. S. F., & Lai, M. S. (2014). Long-term antidepressant use and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based, nested case-control study in Taiwan. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 75(1), 31-38. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24502860
7. Riggin, L., & Koren, G. (2015). Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on sperm and male fertility. Canadian Family Physician, 61(6), 529-530. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4463894/
8. Oystein Berle, J., & Spigset, O. (2011). Antidepressant use during breastfeeding. Current women’s health reviews, 7(1), 28-34. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3267169/
9. University of California – San Diego, Mother’s depression might do the same to her child’s IQ. Study finds maternal depression negatively impacts a child’s cognitive development, infancy through age 16, 2018. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180417090019.htm
10. National Health Service, Fluoxetine (including Prozac) https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/fluoxetine-prozac/

Published on: June 27th, 2018

Updated on: April 9th, 2023

About Author

Roger Weiss, MD

Dr. Roger Weiss is a practicing mental health specialist at the hospital. Dr. Weiss combines his clinical practice and medical writing career since 2009. Apart from these activities, Dr. Weiss also delivers lectures for youth, former addicts, and everyone interested in topics such as substance abuse and treatment.

Medically Reviewed by

Michael Espelin APRN

8 years of nursing experience in wide variety of behavioral and addition settings that include adult inpatient and outpatient mental health services with substance use disorders, and geriatric long-term care and hospice care.  He has a particular interest in psychopharmacology, nutritional psychiatry, and alternative treatment options involving particular vitamins, dietary supplements, and administering auricular acupuncture.

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What They Are and How to Manage Them

Prozac (fluoxetine) is a prescription drug used to treat certain mental health conditions, including depression. Prozac can cause side effects that range from mild to serious. Examples include weight loss, abnormal dreams, and abnormal ejaculation.

Prozac is used in adults to help treat:

• major depressive disorder (depression)
• depression related to bipolar I disorder*
• treatment-resistant depression*
• obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• panic disorder with or without agoraphobia
• bulimia nervosa (an eating disorder)

Prozac is used to help treat the following conditions in some children:

• depression
• depression related to bipolar I disorder*
• OCD

* Prozac is used in combination with another drug called Zyprexa (olanzapine) for this condition.

Prozac comes as a capsule that you swallow. It contains the active ingredient fluoxetine. (An active ingredient is what makes a drug work.)

Prozac can cause many mild to serious side effects. This drug also has many warnings to consider. Keep reading to learn about the common, mild, and serious side effects that Prozac can cause.

For a general overview of the drug, including details about its uses, see this article.

Below are a few of the more common side effects reported by people who took Prozac in studies. Side effects can vary depending on the condition the drug is being used to treat. But note that side effects don’t happen to everyone.

Some common side effects in people taking Prozac for depression include:

• nausea
• insomnia (trouble sleeping)
• nervousness
• diarrhea
• anxiety*

Some common side effects in people taking Prozac for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) include:

• insomnia
• nausea
• diarrhea
• decreased appetite and weight loss*
• sleepiness

Some common side effects in people taking Prozac for bulimia include:

• insomnia
• nausea
• weakness or fatigue (low energy)
• sleepiness
• anxiety*

Some common side effects in people taking Prozac for panic disorder include:

• nausea
• insomnia
• diarrhea
• nervousness
• weakness or fatigue

Continue reading to learn about other mild and serious side effects of Prozac.

* To learn more about this side effect, see the “Side effects explained” section below.

Note: After the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves a drug, it tracks side effects of the medication. If you’d like to notify the FDA about a side effect you’ve had with Prozac, visit MedWatch.

Mild side effects have been reported with Prozac. Below are just some of the mild side effects seen in the drug’s studies.

• nausea
• insomnia (trouble sleeping)
• abnormal dreams
• abnormal ejaculation
• indigestion (upset stomach)
• dry mouth
• flu symptoms
• low sex drive
• skin rash
• infection of the sinuses or throat
• sweating
• tremor (uncontrollable shaking in a part of your body)
• nervousness
• diarrhea
• sleepiness
• weakness or fatigue (low energy)
• mild anxiety*
• mild allergic reaction*

* To learn more about this side effect, see the “Side effects explained” section below.

In most cases, these side effects should be temporary. And some may be easily managed. But if you have symptoms that are ongoing or bother you, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. And do not stop taking Prozac unless your doctor recommends it.

Prozac may cause mild side effects other than those listed above. See the drug’s prescribing information for details.

Prozac can cause serious side effects. These sometimes occur in people with mental health conditions such as a history of bipolar disorder or suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

Serious side effects that have been reported with Prozac include:

• seizure
• serotonin syndrome (a high level of the chemical serotonin)
• mania (very high energy and excited behavior)
• bleeding
• hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood)
• insomnia (trouble sleeping)
• severe anxiety*
• decreased appetite and weight loss*
• severe allergic reaction*
• risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors†

If you develop serious side effects while taking Prozac, call your doctor right away. If the side effects seem life threatening or you think you’re having a medical emergency, immediately call 911 or your local emergency number.

* To learn more about this side effect, see the “Side effects explained” section below.
† Prozac has a boxed warning for this side effect. This is the most serious warning from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To learn more, see the “Side effects explained” section below.

Help is out there

If you or someone you know is in crisis and considering suicide or self-harm, please seek support:

• Call the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988.
• Text HOME to the Crisis Textline at 741741.
• Not in the United States? Find a helpline in your country with Befrienders Worldwide.
• Call 911 or your local emergency services number if you feel safe to do so.

If you’re calling on behalf of someone else, stay with them until help arrives. You may remove weapons or substances that can cause harm if you can do so safely.

If you are not in the same household, stay on the phone with them until help arrives.

Was this helpful?

Get answers to some frequently asked questions about Prozac’s side effects.

Does Prozac cause different side effects in women versus men?

Prozac may cause different side effects in females than in males.* Some people may have problems with their sex drive because of Prozac or their mental health condition. Females and males may experience this side effect differently.

Men may have delays in ejaculation or lose the ability to ejaculate. Erectile dysfunction and low sex drive are other effects men might have with Prozac. Sex drive issues in women taking Prozac may include low sex drive and delayed or no orgasm.

People experiencing problems with their sex drive should talk with their doctor. Changes in sex drive are also symptoms of depression and other mental health disorders. Doctors can help you manage problems with your sex drive while you’re taking Prozac.

* In this article, we use the terms “male” and “female” to refer to someone’s sex assigned at birth. For information about the difference between sex and gender, see this article.

Can Prozac cause long-term side effects?

Long-term side effects of Prozac are uncommon. Most side effects of Prozac, such as headache, mild anxiety, and diarrhea, don’t last long. Some long-term side effects that Prozac may cause include seizure, low sex drive, and increased risk of bleeding.

Stopping Prozac can make long-term side effects go away. But do not stop taking Prozac without talking with your doctor first. Stopping this drug can make your condition worse.

Talk with your doctor about how to manage any side effects you may have from Prozac. If you need to stop taking Prozac because of long-term side effects, they may prescribe a different treatment for your condition.

How do low dose Prozac side effects compare with those seen with higher doses?

When taking low dose Prozac, some side effects may occur less often. Certain side effects of Prozac are more common with a higher dose.

For example, doctors usually prescribe higher doses of Prozac for people with bulimia compared with other conditions. So some side effects in people taking Prozac for bulimia occur more often than they do in people taking the drug for other conditions. These include anxiety and trouble sleeping.

Learn more about some of the side effects Prozac may cause.

Risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors

Prozac has a boxed warning for the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. A boxed warning is the most serious warning from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

This side effect is most common in children, adolescents, and young adults under age 24 years. But it can happen to anyone taking Prozac or any antidepressant drug. Suicide is also a risk in people with depression who aren’t taking antidepressants.

Sometimes doctors prescribe Prozac for children under age 18 years. But due to these serious risks, they usually will not prescribe the drug for children ages 7 years or younger.

What might help

Report any changes in your mood or behavior to your doctor immediately. If the side effects seem life threatening or you think you’re having a medical emergency, immediately call 911 or your local emergency number.

Symptoms that may indicate an increased risk of suicide include:

• anxiety
• panic attacks
• trouble sleeping
• irritability or agitation
• mania (very high energy and excited behavior)

If you have any of the above symptoms, your doctor may consider changing your medication. Do not stop taking Prozac without talking with them first. Stopping Prozac may make your condition worse.

Weight loss

Prozac can cause decreased appetite and weight loss. This side effect can be unwanted in people who are already underweight, especially since it’s possible to lose a significant amount of weight. Doctors are especially careful about monitoring the weight of children who take Prozac.

What might help

Weigh yourself regularly while you’re taking Prozac. A healthcare professional may also weigh you during your checkup appointments. Doctors will closely monitor the height and weight of children taking this drug.

If you’re concerned about weight loss with Prozac, talk with your doctor. They can help you reach and maintain a weight that’s healthy for you.

Anxiety

Anxiety is a common side effect of Prozac. It’s also a common side effect of other drugs in the same group of drugs as Prozac called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

With Prozac, anxiety can range from mild to severe and include symptoms such as:

• restlessness
• trouble concentrating
• irritability
• tiredness

What might help

When starting Prozac, you may feel temporarily anxious. This side effect may resolve on its own. But if your anxiety is severe, long lasting, or bothersome, talk with your doctor. They can suggest ways to reduce your feelings of anxiety.

If you’re feeling anxious, talk with your doctor before you stop taking Prozac. Stopping this drug can make your condition worse.

Allergic reaction

Like most drugs, Prozac can cause an allergic reaction in some people. Symptoms can be mild to serious and can include:

• skin rash
• itchiness
• flushing (temporary warmth, redness, or deepening of skin color)
• swelling under your skin, usually in your eyelids, lips, hands, or feet
• swelling of your mouth, tongue, or throat, which can make it hard to breathe

What might help

If you have mild symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as a mild rash, call your doctor right away. They may suggest a treatment to manage your symptoms. Examples include:

• an antihistamine you swallow, such as Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
• a product you apply to your skin, such as hydrocortisone cream

If your doctor confirms you’ve had a mild allergic reaction to Prozac, they’ll decide if you should continue taking it.

If you have symptoms of a severe allergic reaction, such as swelling or trouble breathing, call 911 or your local emergency number right away. These symptoms could be life threatening and require immediate medical care.

If your doctor confirms you’ve had a serious allergic reaction to Prozac, they may have you switch to a different treatment.

Keeping track of side effects

During your Prozac treatment, consider taking notes on any side effects you’re having. You can then share this information with your doctor. This is especially helpful when you first start taking a new drug or using a combination of treatments.

Your side effect notes can include things such as:

• what dose of the drug you were taking when you had the side effect
• how soon you had the side effect after starting that dose
• what your symptoms were
• how your symptoms affected your daily activities
• what other medications you were taking
• any other information you feel is important

Keeping notes and sharing them with your doctor will help them learn more about how Prozac affects you. They can then use this information to adjust your treatment plan if needed.

Prozac can cause many mild to serious side effects. It also has several warnings to consider.

Boxed warning: Risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors

Prozac has a boxed warning for the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. A boxed warning is the most serious warning from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It alerts doctors and patients about effects of the drug that may be dangerous.

Worsening depression and risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors can happen to anyone taking Prozac. But the risk of these side effects is greater in people under age 24 years. If your doctor prescribes this drug for you, they’ll monitor you closely for signs and symptoms of these risks.

To learn more, see the “Side effects explained” section above.

Other warnings

Prozac may not be right for you if you have certain medical conditions. This is known as a drug-condition interaction. Other factors may also affect whether Prozac is a good treatment option for you. Talk with your doctor about your health history before starting this drug. Factors to consider include those described below.

Liver problems. Tell your doctor if you have liver problems, such as cirrhosis. Prozac is broken down in your liver. If you have liver problems, the drug may not break down properly and can build up in your system. This can increase your risk of side effects. Your doctor may prescribe a lower dose or a less frequent dose of Prozac for you.

Heart condition. Prozac can cause or worsen arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythm conditions) such as torsades de pointes. Tell your doctor if you have a personal or family history of problems with your heart rhythm. They may still prescribe Prozac for you but will regularly check your heart function using an electrocardiogram (ECG).

Bipolar disorder. Tell your doctor if you have bipolar disorder. Prozac, when taken alone, is not recommended for the treatment of depression in bipolar disorder. Doctors prescribe Prozac with Zyprexa (olanzapine) for bipolar disorder. Taking Prozac alone can cause episodes of mania (very high energy and excited behavior) in people with bipolar disorder.

Glaucoma. If you have closed-angle glaucoma, Prozac can cause a closed-angle attack. This is a serious reaction that requires immediate medical care. You may have blurry vision or severe pain in the affected eye. Other symptoms may include headache, nausea, and vomiting. If you experience these symptoms, call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room.

Allergic reaction. If you’ve had an allergic reaction to Prozac or any of its ingredients, your doctor will likely not prescribe it for you. Ask them about other medications that might be better options.

Seizures. Seizures were a rare side effect in Prozac’s studies. Tell your doctor if you have a history of seizures and describe your medical history before starting this drug. You should also tell them about all the medications you take. Certain drugs and health conditions can increase the risk of seizures with Prozac. Doctors will carefully weigh the benefits and risks of Prozac for people with a history of seizures.

Alcohol and Prozac

Alcohol may interfere with Prozac. Before taking Prozac, ask your doctor how much, if any, is safe for you to drink with this drug.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding while taking Prozac

Tell your doctor if you’re pregnant or plan to become pregnant while taking Prozac. Taking Prozac late in your pregnancy can increase your baby’s risk of needing:

• a long stay in the hospital
• breathing support
• feeding by a tube

It can also increase their risk of pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure within the lungs).

If you are or become pregnant while taking Prozac, consider enrolling in the drug’s pregnancy registry. Reporting the effects of Prozac during pregnancy helps researchers better understand the drug’s risks to mother and child. To register, call the National Pregnancy Registry for Psychiatric Medications at 844-405-6158 or visit the website.

Prozac passes into breast milk. Children exposed to this drug through breast milk may experience:

• agitation
• irritability
• poor feeding
• poor weight gain

Tell your doctor if you’re breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed while taking Prozac. They’ll weigh the benefits of breastfeeding with the possible risks to your baby.

Mild side effects from Prozac are common but usually go away with time. Serious side effects of Prozac are rare, but some can be life threatening. To determine whether Prozac might be right for you, tell your doctor about your medical and family history.

If you have questions about side effects that Prozac can cause, talk with your doctor. Examples of questions to help get you started include:

• Which antidepressants usually cause fewer suicidal thoughts and behaviors than Prozac?
• If I lose weight while taking Prozac, should I lower my dose since I now weigh less?
• Can I drive while taking Prozac?
• If I have trouble sleeping while taking Prozac, which sleeping pills can I safely take?
• Can taking Prozac with a high fat meal help improve my sleep?

To learn more about Prozac, see these articles:

• Prozac side effects: What you should know
• Dosage Details for Prozac

To get information on different conditions and tips for improving your health, subscribe to any of Healthline’s newsletters. You may also want to check out the online communities at Bezzy. It’s a place where people with certain conditions can find support and connect with others.

Disclaimer: Healthline has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up to date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or another healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses

Causes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the most common digestive problems worldwide. Nearly one in five people have symptoms of the disease, and one in ten suffers from the condition regularly or daily. With age, the symptoms worsen, intensify in pregnant women, smokers, obese and overweight people.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the most common digestive problems worldwide. Nearly one in five people have symptoms of the disease, and one in ten suffers from the condition regularly or daily. With age, the symptoms worsen, intensify in pregnant women, smokers, obese and overweight people.

Most cases of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are thought to be caused by a problem with the muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).

The esophagus is a muscular tube that contracts and pushes food into the stomach. This movement of food into the stomach requires the opening of the sphincter. As soon as the food bolus is pushed into the stomach, the sphincter closes tightly again to prevent the contents of the stomach from returning back into the throat. Thus, the muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter act like a valve.

In patients with GERD, the LES weakens and allows some stomach contents and acid to seep back into the esophagus. It causes symptoms of heartburn and chest pain in GERD patients.

The exact causes of LES weakening are unknown, but there are a number of risk factors that can lead to this condition.

Risk factors for GERD

Risk factors that lead to GERD include pregnancy, obesity, high fat diet, and so on.

Pregnancy and GERD

Pregnant women are at risk for GERD. It has been found that changes in hormone levels during pregnancy, especially an increase in progesterone levels, can weaken LES.

In addition, due to the growing fetus, the pressure on the stomach increases from the bottom up. This can push the contents of the stomach into the esophagus.

Overweight and obese people with GERD

Increased pressure on the LES and stomach can cause GERD symptoms in these people. This increased pressure also weakens the LES.

High fat diet and GERD

People on a high fat diet can also develop GERD. Fat in the stomach takes longer to digest and travel to the intestines. This causes stagnation of food in the stomach. This increased pressure is reversed and can weaken the LES.

Tobacco, alcohol, caffeine and GERD

Smoking tobacco, alcohol, caffeinated products such as coffee or chocolate relaxes and weakens the LES, leading to GERD symptoms.

Stress, emotional distress and GERD

Stress and emotional disturbances cause the LES to weaken, leading to symptoms of GERD.

Patients with hiatal hernia and GERD

Patients with hiatal hernia are at risk for GERD. This is a condition in which part of the stomach is pushed up through the diaphragm, that is, the muscular layer that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. Normally, the lower part of the esophagus passes through an opening in this diaphragm. In patients with hiatal hernia, the hiatal opening enlarges and part of the stomach pushes into the chest cavity.

Patients with gastroparesis and GERD

In patients with gastroparesis, when the stomach takes longer to get rid of stomach acid, acid can leak back into the esophagus, causing symptoms of GERD.

This is observed in diabetic patients. Diabetics have high blood sugar, which can damage the nerves that control the muscles in the stomach and esophagus.

Medications and GERD

Some medicines can also cause GERD symptoms. They can relax the IVC or increase gastric acid secretion. They include:

• calcium channel blockers (e.g. amlodipine, nifedipine, etc. used to control high blood pressure)
• Painkillers or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs such as ibuprofen).
• antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs, e.g. fluoxetine, paroxetine, etc.)
• tricyclic antidepressants (eg, amitriptyline), anticholinergics, corticosteroids (eg, prednisolone)
• bisphosphonates (used for bone conditions such as osteoporosis)
• nitrates (used to treat angina or chest pain)

Other factors that increase the risk of GERD

Other factors that increase the risk of GERD symptoms include:

• eating large meals
• citrus (orange, grapefruit or cranberry juice)
• garlic
• black pepper and onion
• mint flavors
• spicy food
• tomato-based products such as spaghetti sauce, salsa, chili, pizza, etc.

Diseases that increase the risk of GERD include systemic sclerosis, esophageal dysmotility, scleroderma, reduced saliva production, etc.

Heartburn: causes and symptoms

Contents

• 1 Heartburn: causes, symptoms, and treatments 9 0054
• 1.1 Heartburn: causes and symptoms
  • 1.1.1 Causes
  • 1.1.2 Symptoms
• 1.2 Heartburn: causes and symptoms
  • 1.2.1 What is heartburn?
• 1.3 Causes of heartburn
  • 1.3.1 Food load.
  • 1.3.2 Wrong way of life.
  • 1.3.3 Stress.
  • 1.3.4 Chronic diseases.
  • 1.3.5 Incorrect body position.
  • 1.3.6 Taking certain medications.
• 1.4 Symptoms of heartburn
• 1.5 What role does acidity play in the stomach? proton pump inhibitors
• 1.7.3 Prokinetics
• 1.7.4 H3 blockers
• 1.7.5 Antidepressants

Heartburn is an unpleasant burning sensation and discomfort in the chest and throat caused by the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. Detailed information about the causes, symptoms and treatment of heartburn on our website.

Heartburn is a burning sensation and pain in the chest due to the backflow of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus. This is a common phenomenon that can occur in people of all ages and gender. However, if it appears regularly and is accompanied by other symptoms, it may indicate serious health problems.

Heartburn occurs when the lower esophageal closure – the muscle that normally keeps the stomach’s acidic contents inside – does not close properly. Approximately one-third of the population will at some point fall victim to backflow of acidic contents into the esophagus, which causes heartburn. Some people experience heartburn for a short time, while for others it can last for a long time and be more serious.

Although heartburn can be an unexpected and sometimes unpleasant problem, in most cases it does not pose a health risk. However, if it appears regularly and is accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, or weight loss, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Heartburn: causes and symptoms

Causes

Heartburn can be caused by various causes, including:

• Eating spicy, fatty or acidic foods;
• Wrong diet;
• Overeating or fasting;
• Pregnancy;
• Excessive alcohol, coffee or smoking;
• Disorder of the digestive system;
• Diseases of the esophagus, stomach and intestines.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of heartburn include:

1. Burn in the chest;
2. Stomach or chest pain;
3. Sour or bitter taste in the mouth;
4. Belching;
5. Heaviness in stomach;
6. Unpleasant feeling of fullness;
7. Pain when swallowing;
8. Rare cases – blood in the stool or vomit.

If you have these symptoms, it is advisable to see a doctor to determine the exact cause and prescribe treatment.

Heartburn: causes and symptoms

What is heartburn?

Heartburn is an unpleasant burning sensation and discomfort that occurs in the chest, often spreading down the throat and larynx. It occurs when acidic fluid from the stomach travels back up the esophagus and irritates the walls of the esophagus, thus causing familiar symptoms.

Heartburn can cause many common symptoms such as burning, discomfort and pain in the chest, nausea, vomiting, and even abdominal pain.

In this article, we will look at what heartburn is, what factors can lead to it, and what symptoms can accompany this disorder.

Causes of heartburn

Dietary load.

Heartburn may occur due to an increased food load on the stomach, especially if you have eaten fatty, spicy or spicy foods.

Wrong way of life.

Smoking, drinking alcohol, unhealthy diet and other bad habits can contribute to heartburn.

Stress.

Stress is one of the main causes of heartburn. Emotional stress can lead to an increase in acidity in the stomach.

Chronic diseases.

Some chronic conditions such as gastritis, stomach ulcers and pancreatitis can cause heartburn.

Incorrect body position.

Sedentary work and poor posture can put additional pressure on the stomach, which can contribute to heartburn.

Taking certain medications.

Some medications such as aspirin, nitroglycerin and some antibiotics can cause heartburn as a side effect.

Important: If heartburn occurs too often, does not disappear for a long time, is accompanied by pain and other symptoms, you should consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Symptoms of heartburn

Heartburn is a burning and hot sensation in the chest area that may radiate up the throat. The symptoms of heartburn are very different from those of other stomach ailments.

• Frequent eructation;
• Sensation of bursting pain in upper abdomen;
• Sour taste in the mouth;
• Increased salivation and frequent swallowing;
• Pain when swallowing, especially hard and hot food;
• Worsening of symptoms when lying down or bending forward.

In some people, heartburn can lead to other symptoms such as coughing, restlessness, difficulty swallowing, drowsiness and insomnia.

What role does acidity play in the stomach

The stomach is where the chemical processes of digestion take place, which ensure that food is processed and converted into nutrients needed for digestion. Stomach acid plays a key role in this process, as it breaks down proteins and kills germs, protecting our body from infections.

Fatty, salty or sour foods, smoking, alcohol and stress have a negative effect on the level of acidity in the stomach. With a long-term imbalance of acidity, serious problems with the gastrointestinal tract, such as ulcers and gastritis, can occur.

• Important to remember:
• High acidity can lead to heartburn and serious gastrointestinal diseases, so it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle and, if necessary, consult a specialist.

Avoid certain foods to reduce the risk of heartburn

Heartburn is a digestive disorder that can occur after eating certain foods. To avoid heartburn, avoid the following foods:

• Spicy and fried foods . Spicy seasonings, fried foods, fast food, and chips can increase the risk of heartburn. Spicy foods can irritate the lining of the digestive system, which can lead to heartburn.
• Fatty foods . Fatty foods can impair the functioning of the esophageal sphincter, which is responsible for controlling the passage of food into the stomach. Sphincter dysfunction can cause heartburn.
• Acidic drinks and fruits . Drinks high in caffeine, alcoholic and carbonated drinks, and acidic fruits can increase stomach acid and cause heartburn.
• Chocolates and mints . Chocolate and mints can increase acid levels in the stomach, which can contribute to heartburn. However, not all people these products cause disorders.
• Tomatoes and sour vegetables . Acidic vegetables such as radish, cabbage, and tomatoes can increase stomach acid levels and cause heartburn.

Avoid these foods to reduce your risk of heartburn. If you have persistent heartburn, you need to see a doctor for qualified medical care.

Heartburn medicines: options

Antacids

This is the first type of medicine that can help with heartburn. They work by reducing acid levels in the stomach and soothing intestinal irritation. Examples of such drugs: Almagel, Maalox, Gelugel, etc. Usually they can be purchased at a pharmacy without a prescription, but you should still consult your doctor about the use of such drugs.

Proton pump inhibitors

These are stronger drugs that block acid production in the stomach system. Some examples include omeprazole and esomeprazole. Some of these medications may require a prescription from a doctor, as they work more intensely than antacids.

Prokinetics

These drugs work by accelerating the digestion of food in the stomach. As a result, food is better excreted in the intestines and does not cause heartburn. Examples of prokinetics: motilium, cerucal and others.

H3 receptor blockers

These medicines act on specific receptors in the stomach and reduce the amount of acid produced. Examples: Ranitidine, Famotidine, etc. Like prokinetics, some of these agents may require a prescription.

Antidepressants

Although it may not be obvious, some antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, are used to treat heartburn. This drug may have an anti-inflammatory effect and has calming properties, which can help with heartburn. However, it is worth noting that this method of treatment may require more careful monitoring by the doctor, as it may have side effects.

Risk of heartburn: causes and symptoms

Why can heartburn be dangerous?

Heartburn is quite common, especially in people with esophageal reflux. In most cases, heartburn is not a serious condition and can be easily managed with lifestyle changes or medication. However, persistent heartburn can be a sign of a more serious condition, such as gastritis, an ulcer, or even cancer of the esophagus, so it needs to be carefully monitored and treated.

Symptoms of severe heartburn

The main symptoms of the need for serious treatment for heartburn include:

• Persistent or recurring heartburn for several weeks;
• Chest pain or pressure worse than normal heartburn;
• Difficulty swallowing;
• Frequent sleep problems.

Prevention of dangerous heartburn

To prevent possible dangerous complications of heartburn, it is worth changing your lifestyle, avoiding excess fats and carbohydrates that can cause heartburn. It is also recommended to give up smoking and alcohol, and if you need to take medication, be sure to consult a doctor and follow his recommendations.

Drug name Dosage Notes

Omeprazole	20-40 mg per day	A drug that reduces stomach acid and prevents heartburn.
Gaviscon	10-20 ml	A drug that neutralizes acid and forms a protective barrier in the stomach to prevent heartburn.

In general, heartburn is not strictly dangerous, but its constant presence can be a sign of a serious illness, so it is worth monitoring your health and treating it in a timely manner.

How to get rid of heartburn without drugs

Change your lifestyle

• Proper diet – eat small meals, but often. Avoid fatty, spicy and acidic foods. Do not drink coffee, cucumbers and garlic.
• Observe the correct body position – do not bend over, do not sit bent over in a chair. Stand and sit up straight.
• Sleep on a high pillow – this prevents stomach contents from entering the esophagus.

Use of folk remedies

• Soda – Dissolve a teaspoon of soda in a glass of water and drink. This helps to neutralize the acid in the stomach.
• Chamomile – brew chamomile and drink a warm infusion.
• Potato Juice – Squeeze juice from potatoes and drink 1/3 cup half an hour before meals.

Exercise

Walking and exercising (not immediately after eating) helps to strengthen the muscles of the esophagus and reduce pressure in the stomach.

How heartburn is related to gastritis and stomach ulcers

Gastritis and stomach ulcers are diseases that cause inflammation of the lining of the stomach or duodenum. This can lead to less acidity in the stomach and slower processing of food. But in some people, gastritis and stomach ulcers can also cause excessive acidity in the stomach, which can lead to heartburn.

If you have had symptoms of gastritis or stomach ulcers, such as stomach pain or nausea, and you have heartburn, this may be a sign that your mucous membrane is still inflamed and needs additional treatment. Therefore, it is important not to ignore any symptoms and seek qualified help from a doctor.

There is also an association between excessive drinking and smoking and gastritis and stomach ulcers. In this case, avoiding such bad habits will help prevent an aggravation of the disease and reduce the risk of heartburn.

In general, gastritis and stomach ulcers can cause heartburn, but it can also be caused by other factors such as eating too much fatty or spicy foods, eating too quickly or being obese. By taking precautions and talking to your doctor when needed, heartburn and related health problems can be prevented.

Heartburn prevention: what can be done?

Avoid excessive consumption of spicy, fried, fatty, pickled foods, alcohol, carbonated drinks, coffee, and chocolate. They can irritate the lining of the esophagus and cause heartburn.

Eat slowly and in small portions at least two hours before bedtime. This will give your stomach a chance to fully digest your food and not put a strain on your esophagus. It can also help prevent heartburn, which often occurs after eating.

Do not smoke and avoid exposure to harmful substances such as chemical or aggressive fumes, harmful gases, etc.

If you have heartburn and it happens regularly, talk to your doctor. He or she can prescribe treatments that will work for you and help prevent recurrences of heartburn.

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Q&A:

What is heartburn?

Heartburn is a condition in which acidic fluid from the stomach rises up into the esophagus, causing an unpleasant burning sensation and discomfort in the chest and throat.

What are the causes of heartburn?

Heartburn can be caused by a variety of factors, such as poor diet, excess fatty and spicy foods, alcohol, stress, pregnancy, obesity, smoking, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, etc.

What symptoms can accompany heartburn?

Symptoms of heartburn may include burning in the chest and throat, heartburn, difficulty swallowing, coughing, feeling of pressure in the stomach, etc.

What can be done to prevent heartburn?

To prevent heartburn, watch your diet, avoid fatty, spicy and acidic foods, reduce your caffeine and alcohol intake, control your weight and balance stomach acid.