Dopamine use. Dopamine: The Brain’s Chemical Messenger – Functions, Disorders, and Medical Uses
How does dopamine affect our mental and physical health. What role does it play in various neurological disorders. Can dopamine be used as a medical treatment. Discover the multifaceted nature of this crucial neurotransmitter.
The Fundamentals of Dopamine: Nature’s Chemical Messenger
Dopamine, a neurotransmitter produced naturally by the human body, plays a crucial role in our nervous system. It acts as a chemical messenger, facilitating communication between nerve cells. This remarkable substance is integral to numerous bodily functions and psychological processes, making it a subject of intense scientific interest and medical importance.
The synthesis of dopamine occurs through a two-step process in the brain. Initially, the amino acid tyrosine is converted into a substance called dopa, which is subsequently transformed into dopamine. This neurotransmitter is then distributed along four major pathways in the brain, influencing various aspects of our behavior and physiology.
Key Functions of Dopamine
- Learning and memory formation
- Motivation and reward-seeking behavior
- Heart rate regulation
- Blood vessel function
- Kidney function
- Lactation in nursing mothers
- Sleep-wake cycle regulation
- Mood stabilization
- Attention and focus
- Nausea and vomiting control
- Pain processing
- Movement coordination
Is dopamine solely responsible for feelings of pleasure? While dopamine is often associated with pleasure, its role is more nuanced. It’s primarily involved in the anticipation of reward and motivation, rather than the direct experience of pleasure itself. This distinction is crucial for understanding its impact on behavior and mental health.
Dopamine’s Role in Mental Health: A Double-Edged Sword
The delicate balance of dopamine in the brain is critical for mental health. Both excess and deficiency of this neurotransmitter can lead to a wide range of psychological disorders. While it’s challenging to attribute mental health issues to a single cause, dopamine imbalances are often implicated in various conditions.
Schizophrenia and Dopamine
How does dopamine contribute to schizophrenia? The relationship between dopamine and schizophrenia is complex. Contrary to earlier beliefs of a universally hyperactive dopamine system, current research suggests that schizophrenia involves both excess and deficiency of dopamine in different brain regions. Excess dopamine in certain areas may contribute to hallucinations and delusions, while a lack of it in other regions might cause symptoms like lack of motivation and diminished emotional expression.
ADHD and Dopamine Deficiency
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is another condition potentially linked to dopamine dysfunction. Although the exact cause remains unknown, some research indicates that ADHD may be associated with a shortage of dopamine in specific brain areas. This deficiency could be genetically influenced. Medications like methylphenidate (Ritalin) work by increasing dopamine levels, which helps manage ADHD symptoms.
Addiction and the Dopamine Reward System
Can dopamine play a role in addiction? Indeed, dopamine is heavily implicated in the development and maintenance of addiction. Drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, can cause rapid and significant increases in dopamine levels, leading to intense feelings of pleasure and reward. However, repeated drug use can alter the brain’s reward system, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect and reducing the body’s natural dopamine production. This cycle contributes to the emotional lows experienced during withdrawal and perpetuates addictive behaviors.
Beyond Mental Health: Dopamine’s Influence on Physical Disorders
The impact of dopamine extends beyond mental health, playing a significant role in various physical conditions. Two notable examples are Parkinson’s disease and obesity, both of which involve dopamine dysfunction in different ways.
Parkinson’s Disease: A Dopamine Deficiency Disorder
What causes the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease? Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in a specific area of the brain. This degeneration leads to a significant reduction in dopamine levels, disrupting the brain’s ability to control movement. The resulting chemical imbalance manifests as the hallmark symptoms of Parkinson’s, including:
- Tremor
- Muscle rigidity
- Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)
- Impaired balance and coordination
Treatment for Parkinson’s disease often involves medications that aim to increase dopamine levels or mimic its effects in the brain, helping to alleviate these motor symptoms.
Obesity: A Possible Link to Dopamine Dysfunction
Could dopamine imbalances contribute to obesity? While the relationship between dopamine and obesity is not as clear-cut as in Parkinson’s disease, emerging research suggests a potential link. Some studies indicate that individuals with obesity may have alterations in their brain’s reward system, possibly involving dopamine and serotonin imbalances. These changes could affect satiety signals and food reward mechanisms, potentially contributing to overeating and weight gain. However, it’s important to note that obesity is a complex condition influenced by multiple factors, including genetics, environment, and lifestyle.
Dopamine as a Lifesaving Medical Treatment
Beyond its role in the brain, synthetic dopamine has found a crucial place in emergency medicine. In certain critical medical situations, dopamine can be administered as a medication to address life-threatening conditions.
Medical Uses of Synthetic Dopamine
When is dopamine used as a medical treatment? Doctors may prescribe synthetic dopamine (Inotropin) in several acute situations:
- Low blood pressure (hypotension): Dopamine can help raise blood pressure in critically ill patients.
- Poor cardiac output: It can improve the heart’s pumping efficiency when it’s not circulating enough blood.
- Inadequate blood flow to vital organs: Dopamine can help increase blood flow to essential organs in emergency situations.
- Certain cases of septic shock: It may be used as part of the treatment protocol for severe infections leading to dangerously low blood pressure.
While dopamine can be life-saving in these situations, its use is carefully monitored due to potential side effects and interactions with other medications.
The Dual Nature of Dopamine: Benefits and Risks
Like many powerful substances in medicine, dopamine presents both significant benefits and potential risks. Understanding this duality is crucial for its effective use in medical settings and for comprehending its role in health and disease.
Potential Complications of Medicinal Dopamine Use
What are the risks associated with dopamine treatment? While dopamine can be lifesaving, its use is not without potential complications. Some of the possible side effects include:
- Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
- Tachycardia (abnormally rapid heart rate)
- Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
- Chest pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Headache
Due to these potential complications, dopamine is typically administered under close medical supervision, often in intensive care settings. Healthcare providers carefully monitor patients for any adverse reactions and adjust dosages as needed.
Dopamine Interactions with Other Medications
Can dopamine interact with other drugs? Yes, dopamine can interact with various medications, potentially altering their effects or causing unexpected side effects. This is why it’s crucial for healthcare providers to have a complete understanding of a patient’s medication history before administering dopamine. Some classes of drugs that may interact with dopamine include:
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Certain antidepressants
- Alpha and beta-blockers
- Other vasopressors or vasodilators
These potential interactions underscore the importance of comprehensive medical assessments and careful medication management in critical care situations.
Dopamine Research: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Brain
The study of dopamine continues to be a vibrant area of neuroscience research, with new discoveries constantly expanding our understanding of this crucial neurotransmitter. Ongoing research is shedding light on dopamine’s role in various neurological and psychiatric conditions, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target.
Emerging Areas of Dopamine Research
What are the frontiers of dopamine research? Scientists are exploring several exciting avenues:
- Dopamine’s role in decision-making and risk assessment
- The interplay between dopamine and other neurotransmitters in mood regulation
- Genetic factors influencing dopamine production and receptor function
- Novel therapeutic approaches targeting the dopamine system for various disorders
- The impact of environmental factors on dopamine function and related behaviors
These research directions promise to deepen our understanding of dopamine’s complex roles in the brain and may lead to new treatments for a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Technological Advances in Dopamine Research
How is technology advancing dopamine research? Cutting-edge technologies are revolutionizing the study of dopamine:
- Optogenetics: Allowing researchers to selectively activate or inhibit dopamine-producing neurons in real-time
- Advanced neuroimaging techniques: Providing detailed insights into dopamine activity in the living brain
- Gene editing technologies: Enabling the creation of precise animal models for studying dopamine-related disorders
- High-resolution microscopy: Revealing the intricate structure and function of dopamine synapses
These technological advancements are opening new avenues for understanding dopamine’s functions and dysfunctions, potentially leading to more targeted and effective treatments for dopamine-related disorders.
Dopamine and Lifestyle: Harnessing the Power of the Reward System
Understanding dopamine’s role in the brain’s reward system can have practical implications for everyday life. By recognizing how certain activities and behaviors influence dopamine release, individuals can potentially harness this knowledge to improve their well-being and productivity.
Natural Ways to Boost Dopamine
Can we naturally increase dopamine levels? While dopamine levels are largely regulated by the body, certain lifestyle choices may help support a healthy dopamine system:
- Regular exercise: Physical activity has been shown to increase dopamine production and receptor sensitivity
- Balanced diet: Consuming foods rich in tyrosine, the precursor to dopamine, may support its production
- Adequate sleep: Good sleep hygiene is crucial for maintaining balanced dopamine levels
- Stress management: Chronic stress can negatively impact dopamine function, making stress reduction techniques important
- Engaging in rewarding activities: Pursuing hobbies and setting achievable goals can stimulate the dopamine reward system
- Mindfulness and meditation: These practices may help regulate dopamine levels and improve overall brain health
It’s important to note that while these lifestyle factors can support overall brain health, they are not substitutes for medical treatment in cases of dopamine-related disorders.
The Dark Side of Dopamine: Addiction and Compulsive Behaviors
How can understanding dopamine help in managing addictive behaviors? Recognizing dopamine’s role in addiction can be crucial for developing strategies to overcome harmful habits:
- Awareness of triggers: Identifying situations that stimulate dopamine release in relation to addictive behaviors
- Delayed gratification: Training the brain to find reward in long-term goals rather than immediate pleasures
- Healthy alternatives: Finding dopamine-boosting activities that don’t involve substance use or compulsive behaviors
- Social support: Engaging in positive social interactions, which can naturally stimulate dopamine release
- Professional help: Seeking guidance from mental health professionals for managing dopamine-related disorders
By understanding the dopamine system, individuals and healthcare providers can work together to develop more effective strategies for managing addictive behaviors and promoting overall mental health.
As our knowledge of dopamine continues to expand, so does our ability to harness its power for improved health and well-being. From its role in mental health and neurological disorders to its potential as a lifesaving medication, dopamine remains a fascinating and crucial aspect of human biology. Ongoing research promises to unlock even more secrets of this remarkable neurotransmitter, potentially leading to new treatments and insights into the complexities of the human brain.
What It Is & What It Does
Written by Hope Cristol
- What Is Dopamine?
- Dopamine Basics
- Role in Mental Health
- Dopamine in Other Diseases
- Dopamine Can Save Lives
Dopamine is a type of neurotransmitter. Your body makes it, and your nervous system uses it to send messages between nerve cells. That’s why it’s sometimes called a chemical messenger.
Dopamine plays a role in how we feel pleasure. It’s a big part of our unique human ability to think and plan. It helps us strive, focus, and find things interesting.
Your body spreads it along four major pathways in the brain. Like most other systems in the body, you don’t notice it (or maybe even know about it) until there’s a problem.
Too much or too little of it can lead to a vast range of health issues. Some are serious, like Parkinson’s disease. Others are much less dire.
It’s made in the brain through a two-step process. First, it changes the amino acid tyrosine to a substance called dopa, and then into dopamine.
It affects many parts of your behavior and physical functions, such as:
- Learning
- Motivation
- Heart rate
- Blood vessel function
- Kidney function
- Lactation
- Sleep
- Mood
- Attention
- Control of nausea and vomiting
- Pain processing
- Movement
It’s hard to pinpoint a single cause of most mental health disorders and challenges. But they’re often linked to too much or too little dopamine in different parts of the brain. Examples include:
Schizophrenia. Decades ago, researchers believed that symptoms stemmed from a hyperactive dopamine system. Now we know that some are due to too much of this chemical in certain parts of the brain. This includes hallucinations and delusions. A lack of it in other parts can cause different signs, such as lack of motivation and desire.
ADHD. No one knows for sure what causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Some research shows it may be due to a shortage of dopamine. This problem may be due to your genes. The ADHD drug methylphenidate (Ritalin) works by boosting dopamine.
Drug misuse and addiction. Drugs such as cocaine can cause a big, fast increase of dopamine in your brain. That satisfies your natural reward system in a big way. But repeated drug use also raises the threshold for this kind of pleasure. This means you need to take more to get the same high. Meanwhile, drugs make your body less able to produce dopamine naturally. This leads to emotional lows when you’re sober.
It also plays a role in diseases that aren’t related to mental health. One of these is Parkinson’s disease. Another is obesity, which the American Medical Association classified as a disease in 2013.
Parkinson’s disease. Dopamine enables neurons in your brain to communicate and control movement. In Parkinson’s, one type of neuron steadily degenerates. It doesn’t have a signal to send anymore, so your body makes less dopamine.
The chemical imbalance causes physical symptoms. These include tremor, stiffness, slowness of spontaneous movement, poor balance, and poor coordination. Doctors treat these symptoms with medications that raise levels of this chemical.
Obesity. Most of the time, if you take in more calories than you burn, you’ll gain weight. So why can’t obese people simply eat less and slim down? The answer isn’t that simple. They may face obstacles that others don’t. They could have problems with their natural reward systems. This can affect the amount of food they eat before they feel satisfied. Imaging studies suggest that in people with this condition, the body may not release enough dopamine and another feel-good hormone, serotonin.
This chemical usually plays a secondary role in the body, but in certain medical situations, it’s literally a lifesaver. Doctors use prescription dopamine (Inotropin) to treat:
- Low blood pressure
- Poor cardiac output (when the heart doesn’t pump out enough blood)
- Poor blood flow to vital organs
- Some cases of septic shock
There are possible complications with any drug, even if taken under close supervision.
The main ones associated with dopamine include:
- Irregular heartbeat
- Faster heart rate
- Trouble breathing
- Chest pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Headache
Because many drugs interact with it, it’s important that your doctor knows all the medications you take.
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What It Is & What It Does
Written by Hope Cristol
- What Is Dopamine?
- Dopamine Basics
- Role in Mental Health
- Dopamine in Other Diseases
- Dopamine Can Save Lives
Dopamine is a type of neurotransmitter.
Your body makes it, and your nervous system uses it to send messages between nerve cells. That’s why it’s sometimes called a chemical messenger.
Dopamine plays a role in how we feel pleasure. It’s a big part of our unique human ability to think and plan. It helps us strive, focus, and find things interesting.
Your body spreads it along four major pathways in the brain. Like most other systems in the body, you don’t notice it (or maybe even know about it) until there’s a problem.
Too much or too little of it can lead to a vast range of health issues. Some are serious, like Parkinson’s disease. Others are much less dire.
It’s made in the brain through a two-step process. First, it changes the amino acid tyrosine to a substance called dopa, and then into dopamine.
It affects many parts of your behavior and physical functions, such as:
- Learning
- Motivation
- Heart rate
- Blood vessel function
- Kidney function
- Lactation
- Sleep
- Mood
- Attention
- Control of nausea and vomiting
- Pain processing
- Movement
It’s hard to pinpoint a single cause of most mental health disorders and challenges.
But they’re often linked to too much or too little dopamine in different parts of the brain. Examples include:
Schizophrenia. Decades ago, researchers believed that symptoms stemmed from a hyperactive dopamine system. Now we know that some are due to too much of this chemical in certain parts of the brain. This includes hallucinations and delusions. A lack of it in other parts can cause different signs, such as lack of motivation and desire.
ADHD. No one knows for sure what causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Some research shows it may be due to a shortage of dopamine. This problem may be due to your genes. The ADHD drug methylphenidate (Ritalin) works by boosting dopamine.
Drug misuse and addiction. Drugs such as cocaine can cause a big, fast increase of dopamine in your brain. That satisfies your natural reward system in a big way. But repeated drug use also raises the threshold for this kind of pleasure.
This means you need to take more to get the same high. Meanwhile, drugs make your body less able to produce dopamine naturally. This leads to emotional lows when you’re sober.
It also plays a role in diseases that aren’t related to mental health. One of these is Parkinson’s disease. Another is obesity, which the American Medical Association classified as a disease in 2013.
Parkinson’s disease. Dopamine enables neurons in your brain to communicate and control movement. In Parkinson’s, one type of neuron steadily degenerates. It doesn’t have a signal to send anymore, so your body makes less dopamine. The chemical imbalance causes physical symptoms. These include tremor, stiffness, slowness of spontaneous movement, poor balance, and poor coordination. Doctors treat these symptoms with medications that raise levels of this chemical.
Obesity. Most of the time, if you take in more calories than you burn, you’ll gain weight. So why can’t obese people simply eat less and slim down? The answer isn’t that simple.
They may face obstacles that others don’t. They could have problems with their natural reward systems. This can affect the amount of food they eat before they feel satisfied. Imaging studies suggest that in people with this condition, the body may not release enough dopamine and another feel-good hormone, serotonin.
This chemical usually plays a secondary role in the body, but in certain medical situations, it’s literally a lifesaver. Doctors use prescription dopamine (Inotropin) to treat:
- Low blood pressure
- Poor cardiac output (when the heart doesn’t pump out enough blood)
- Poor blood flow to vital organs
- Some cases of septic shock
There are possible complications with any drug, even if taken under close supervision. The main ones associated with dopamine include:
- Irregular heartbeat
- Faster heart rate
- Trouble breathing
- Chest pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Headache
Because many drugs interact with it, it’s important that your doctor knows all the medications you take.
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💊 The composition of the drug Dopamine ✅ The use of the drug Dopamine Keep for yourself Search for analogues Interaction Description of the active ingredients of the preparation dopamine The scientific information provided is general and cannot be used to make decisions. Update date: 2020.11.07 Marketing authorization holder: BIOCHEMIK JSC ATX code: C01CA04 (Dopamine) Active substance: Rec.INN WHO registered Dosage form
Release form, packaging and composition |
03.08
5-3 mcg/kg/min) it acts predominantly on dopamine receptors, causing expansion of the renal, mesenteric, coronary and cerebral vessels. Due to the specific effect on peripheral dopamine receptors, it reduces the resistance of the renal vessels, increases blood flow in them, as well as glomerular filtration, excretion of sodium ions and diuresis; there is also an expansion of the mesenteric vessels (this action of dopamine on the renal and mesenteric vessels differs from the action of other catecholamines).
Due to the increase in minute volume of blood and peripheral vascular resistance, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increase.
| I50.1 | Left ventricular failure |
| I50.9 | Heart failure, unspecified |
| I95 | Hypotension |
| R57.0 | Cardiogenic shock |
| R57.1 | Hypovolemic shock |
R57. 8 | Other shocks |
| T78.2 | Anaphylactic shock, unspecified |
| T79.4 | Traumatic shock |
Dosage regimen
The method of administration and dosing regimen of a particular drug depends on its form of release and other factors. The optimal dosage regimen is determined by the doctor. Compliance of the dosage form of a particular drug with indications for use and dosing regimen should be strictly observed.
Set individually depending on the severity of shock, the magnitude of blood pressure and the patient’s response to the administration of dopamine.
In order to increase myocardial contractility, 100-250 mcg/min is administered intravenously.
In intensive surgical therapy administered at a dose of 300-700 mcg/min; with septic shock – at a dose of 750-1500 mcg / min.
In order to influence blood pressure, it is recommended to increase the dose to 500 mcg / min or more, or norepinephrine is additionally prescribed at a constant dose of dopamine.
The duration of application is set individually. There is a positive experience of infusion lasting up to 28 days. After stabilization of the clinical situation, the abolition of dopamine is carried out gradually.
If cardiac arrhythmias occur, regardless of the dose used, further increase in dose is contraindicated.
Side effects
From the side of the cardiovascular system: tachycardia or bradycardia, chest pain, palpitations, increase or decrease in blood pressure, conduction disturbances, expansion of the QRS complex, vasospasm, increased end-diastolic pressure in the left ventricle; when used in high doses – ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias.
From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract.
From the side of the nervous system: headache, anxiety, restlessness, tremor of the fingers.
From the side of metabolism: polyuria.
Allergic reactions: in patients with bronchial asthma – bronchospasm, shock.
Local reactions: when dopamine gets under the skin – necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, gangrene may develop.
Other: dyspnea, azotemia, piloerection, when administered at low doses – polyuria.
Contraindications for use
Hypersensitivity to dopamine; hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis; tachyarrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, angle-closure glaucoma; simultaneous use of cyclopropane and hydrocarbon derivatives for inhalation anesthesia, ergot alkaloids; children and adolescents up to 18 years of age.
With caution: hypovolemia, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation), severe aortic stenosis, metabolic acidosis, hypercapnia, hypoxia, arterial hypotension in the “small” circle of blood circulation, obliterating vascular diseases (in.
including atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, thromboangiitis obliterans, endarteritis obliterans, diabetic endarteritis, Raynaud’s disease, frostbite), diabetes mellitus; pregnancy, breastfeeding period.
Use in pregnancy and lactation
Dopamine is used during pregnancy only when the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
If necessary, use during lactation should decide on the termination of breastfeeding.
Use in children
Contraindicated in children and adolescents under 18 years of age (efficacy and safety not established).
Special instructions
Dopamine improves atrioventricular conduction, therefore patients with atrial fibrillation should be given cardiac glycosides before dopamine; hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis reduce the effectiveness of dopamine, increasing the likelihood of side effects.
Hypovolemia should be corrected with plasma and other blood-substituting fluids before dopamine administration in patients in shock.
Infusion should be carried out under the control of diuresis, minute blood volume, blood pressure, ECG, heart rate. A decrease in urine output without a concomitant decrease in blood pressure indicates the need to reduce the dose of dopamine. MAO inhibitors, increasing the pressor effect of sympathomimetics, can cause headache, arrhythmia, vomiting and other manifestations of a hypertensive crisis, therefore, in patients who have received MAO inhibitors over the past 2-3 weeks, the initial doses of dopamine should be no more than 10% of the usual dose. .
To reduce the risk of extravasation, dopamine should be administered into large veins whenever possible.
Dopamine use in patients with peripheral vascular disease and/or a history of disseminated intravascular coagulation may cause sudden and severe vasoconstriction leading to skin necrosis and gangrene (careful monitoring should be carried out, and if signs of peripheral ischemia are detected, dopamine administration should be stopped immediately ).
Drug interactions
Simultaneous use with diuretics increases the diuretic effect of dopamine.
With the simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors (including furazolidone, procarbazine, selegiline), guanethidine, it is possible to increase the intensity and duration of the cardiostimulating and pressor effects of dopamine.
The administration of dopamine while taking tricyclic antidepressants (including maprotiline) leads to an increase in its effects (may develop tachycardia, arrhythmia, severe arterial hypertension).
When used simultaneously with octadine, the sympathomimetic effect is enhanced.
There is a report of the development of severe arterial hypotension with the simultaneous use of dopamine with phenytoin.
When used simultaneously with inhalation agents for general anesthesia, hydrocarbon derivatives (including cyclopropane, chloroform, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane), the risk of developing severe cardiac arrhythmias increases.
Other sympathomimetics, as well as cocaine, increase the cardiotoxic effect.
Butyrophenone derivatives, beta-blockers reduce the action of dopamine.
Dopamine reduces the hypotensive effect of guanadrel, guanethidine, methyldopa, rauwolfia alkaloids (the latter prolong the effect of dopamine).
When used simultaneously with levodopa – increased risk of arrhythmias.
When used simultaneously with thyroid hormones, it is possible to increase the action of both dopamine and thyroid hormones.
Ergometrine, ergotamine, methylergometrine, oxytocin increase the vasoconstrictor effect and the risk of ischemia and gangrene, as well as severe arterial hypertension, up to intracranial hemorrhage.
When used simultaneously with cardiac glycosides, it is possible to increase the risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias, an additive positive inotropic effect.
Reduces the antianginal effect of nitrates, which in turn can reduce the pressor effect of sympathomimetics and increase the risk of arterial hypotension.
Pharmaceutically incompatible with alkaline solutions (inactivates dopamine), oxidizing agents, iron salts, thiamine (contributes to the destruction of vitamin B 1 ).
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Dopamine . Description of the drug in the reference book Vidal.
Active substance DOPAMINUM | Compendium – drug guide
Manufacturer:
CAS no: 51-61-6 C 18 H 11 NO 2
HSDB, RTECS: 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine; or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine; or 3-hydroxytyramine; or 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol.
HSDB: 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine; or 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol; or α -(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)- β -aminoethane.
NLM: 4-(2-aminoethyl)catechol.
M m = 153.
18 Da. Melting point – 128 ° C; pKa = 8.93; log P (octanol-water) = -0.98. Dopamine (as hydrochloride) is a white to whitish crystalline powder that may have a slight odor of hydrochloric acid. Freely soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. Not resistant to alkalis, iron salts and oxidizing agents.
Release form: concentrate for preparation of infusion solution.
- Pharmacological properties
- Indications DOPAMINE
- Application of DOPAMINE
- Contraindications
- Side effects
- Special instructions
- Interactions
- Overdose
- Diagnosis
- Recommended alternatives
- Trade names
Medicinal products containing the active substance DOPAMINE
Dopamine Admeda 200
concentrate for infusion solution 200 mg 10 ml ampoule, No. 5
Admeda Arzneimit tel
Prices in pharmacies
Dopamine-Darnitsa
concentrate for solution for infusion 40 mg/ml ampoule 5 ml blister pack, pack, No.
10 9No. 10 5 Pharmacy prices
catecholamine, a neurotransmitter. Endogenous dopamine is the metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine. It has a specific stimulating effect on dopamine receptors, and in high doses it also stimulates α- and β-adrenergic receptors. Under the influence of dopamine, peripheral vascular resistance and the level of systolic blood pressure increase, heart contractions increase, and cardiac output increases. Heart rate changes slightly; myocardial oxygen demand increases, but due to the increase in coronary blood flow, a greater supply of oxygen is provided. The use of dopamine increases blood flow in the vessels of the heart, brain, intestines and kidneys, as well as glomerular filtration and sodium excretion by the kidneys.
The action of dopamine comes on quickly and ends 5-10 minutes after the end of the IV infusion. T ½ – approx. 2 min. Approximately 50% of dopamine binds to plasma proteins. Dopamine is rapidly metabolized in the liver, kidneys and blood plasma under the action of MAO and catechol-O-methyltransferase to inactive metabolites and is extensively excreted by the kidneys.
About 25% of the administered dose is metabolized to norepinephrine at the adrenergic nerve endings. Due to rapid elimination, dopamine does not accumulate in the body even with prolonged infusions.
cardiogenic, traumatic, postoperative, endotoxic, hypovolemic shock, acute cardiac and vascular insufficiency, low cardiac output syndrome.
is administered by intravenous drip. 25 or 200 mg are diluted, respectively, in 125 or 400 ml of 5% glucose solution or isotonic solution of sodium chloride so that 1 ml of solution contains 200 and 500 mcg of dopamine, respectively. With contraindications to the introduction of large volumes of liquid, more concentrated solutions are used, diluting 200 mg in 250 ml of the above solutions (1 ml contains 800 mcg of dopamine). The initial rate of administration with an average body weight of 70 kg is 1-4 mcg / kg per 1 min (2-11 drops of 0.05% solution or 1.5-6 drops of 0.08% solution). The therapeutic dose is 5–9mcg/kg in 1 min. With vasodilation and arterial hypotension, it is advisable to use dopamine at a dose of 10–15 µg/kg per 1 min.
If necessary, the rate of administration is increased to 18 µg/kg in 1 min. Infusion is carried out continuously for 2-3 hours to 1-4 days or more. The daily dose reaches 400-800 mg. The introduction is carried out under the control of the ECG. The dose and rate of administration is determined taking into account the level of blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate, cardiac output and diuresis. A decrease in diuresis without arterial hypotension indicates the need to reduce the dose.
pheochromocytoma, arrhythmia, angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy.
when administered in high doses, peripheral vasospasm, tremor, tachycardia, arrhythmia, anginal pain, respiratory failure, headache, psychomotor agitation and other signs of adrenomimetic action are possible. Due to the rapid elimination of dopamine from the body, these phenomena disappear when the dose is reduced or the administration is stopped. In case of rhythm disturbance (extrasystole), it is advisable to use antiarrhythmic drugs (lidocaine, verapamil, etc.