What are the distinctive signs of discoid eczema. How does discoid eczema differ from other skin conditions. What triggers discoid eczema outbreaks. How can discoid eczema be effectively managed and treated. Why is proper skincare crucial for those with discoid eczema. When should you seek medical advice for discoid eczema symptoms. Can discoid eczema be prevented or its recurrence reduced.

Understanding Discoid Eczema: A Comprehensive Overview

Discoid eczema, also known as nummular or discoid dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by distinct circular or oval patches of inflamed skin. This form of eczema can affect any part of the body, though it typically spares the face and scalp. The condition’s name stems from the coin-like shape of the affected areas, which can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters in size.

Unlike other forms of eczema, discoid eczema doesn’t appear to have a genetic component, making it unique among skin conditions. Its persistent nature and visible symptoms can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life, underscoring the importance of proper diagnosis and management.

Identifying the Telltale Signs of Discoid Eczema

Recognizing the symptoms of discoid eczema is crucial for early intervention and effective treatment. The condition typically manifests in several stages, each with distinct characteristics:

• Initial stage: Small red spots or bumps appear on the skin, eventually coalescing into larger patches.
• Active stage: Patches become swollen, blistered, and ooze fluid. Intense itching is common, particularly at night.
• Chronic stage: The affected areas become dry, crusty, cracked, and flaky. The center may clear, leaving a ring of discolored skin that can be mistaken for ringworm.

Is there a way to distinguish discoid eczema from other skin conditions? While the circular pattern is distinctive, other factors such as the absence of facial involvement and the potential for multiple patches can help differentiate discoid eczema from conditions like ringworm or psoriasis.

Complications and Warning Signs

In some cases, discoid eczema patches may become infected, leading to additional symptoms such as:

• Excessive fluid oozing from the patches
• Development of a yellow crust
• Redness, heat, swelling, and tenderness in the surrounding skin
• Systemic symptoms like fever, chills, and general malaise

These symptoms warrant immediate medical attention to prevent further complications and ensure appropriate treatment.

Unraveling the Causes and Triggers of Discoid Eczema

While the exact cause of discoid eczema remains unknown, several factors have been identified as potential contributors or triggers:

1. Dry skin: Individuals with naturally dry skin may be more susceptible to discoid eczema due to a compromised skin barrier.
2. Environmental factors: Dry environments and cold climates can exacerbate symptoms, while humid or sunny conditions may offer relief.
3. Skin injuries: Minor traumas such as insect bites or burns can sometimes trigger an outbreak.
4. Chemical irritants: Certain soaps, detergents, and personal care products may irritate the skin and precipitate eczema patches.
5. Medications: Some drugs, including interferon, ribavirin, TNF-alpha blockers, and statins, have been associated with discoid eczema outbreaks.

How can identifying these triggers help in managing discoid eczema? By recognizing and avoiding potential triggers, individuals can reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks, leading to better overall skin health and quality of life.

Diagnostic Approaches for Discoid Eczema

Accurate diagnosis of discoid eczema is essential for appropriate treatment and management. While the condition’s distinctive appearance often allows for visual diagnosis, healthcare providers may employ several methods to confirm their assessment:

• Physical examination: A thorough inspection of the affected areas, considering the size, shape, and distribution of patches.
• Medical history: Questions about symptoms, duration, and potential triggers can provide valuable context.
• Patch testing: In some cases, dermatologists may recommend patch testing to rule out allergic contact dermatitis.
• Skin biopsy: While rarely necessary, a small skin sample may be taken to exclude other conditions with similar appearances.

Why is a proper diagnosis crucial for effective treatment? Distinguishing discoid eczema from other skin conditions ensures that patients receive targeted therapies, avoiding ineffective treatments and potential complications associated with misdiagnosis.

Effective Management Strategies for Discoid Eczema

Managing discoid eczema often requires a multifaceted approach, combining medical treatments with lifestyle modifications:

Medical Treatments

• Topical corticosteroids: These ointments and creams help reduce inflammation and relieve severe symptoms.
• Emollients: Regular use of moisturizers helps maintain skin hydration and improve barrier function.
• Antihistamines: Oral antihistamines can help reduce itching and improve sleep quality.
• Antibiotics: In cases of secondary bacterial infection, topical or oral antibiotics may be prescribed.
• Immunomodulators: For severe or persistent cases, drugs like tacrolimus or pimecrolimus may be recommended.

Lifestyle and Self-Care Measures

1. Gentle skincare: Use mild, fragrance-free cleansers and avoid hot water when bathing.
2. Regular moisturizing: Apply emollients immediately after bathing to lock in moisture.
3. Trigger avoidance: Identify and minimize exposure to known irritants and allergens.
4. Stress management: Practice relaxation techniques to reduce stress-induced flare-ups.
5. Climate control: Maintain a cool, humid environment to prevent skin dryness.

How can a combination of medical treatments and lifestyle changes improve outcomes for discoid eczema patients? This comprehensive approach addresses both the symptoms and underlying factors contributing to the condition, potentially leading to longer periods of remission and improved quality of life.

The Role of Proper Skincare in Managing Discoid Eczema

Maintaining a consistent skincare routine is paramount for individuals with discoid eczema. Proper skincare not only helps alleviate symptoms but also plays a crucial role in preventing flare-ups and maintaining skin barrier function.

Key Elements of an Effective Skincare Regimen

• Gentle cleansing: Use lukewarm water and mild, soap-free cleansers to avoid irritating the skin.
• Frequent moisturizing: Apply emollients liberally and frequently, especially after bathing.
• Patting dry: Gently pat the skin dry with a soft towel instead of rubbing, which can cause irritation.
• Avoiding triggers: Steer clear of known irritants, including harsh soaps, fragrances, and certain fabrics.
• Sun protection: Use broad-spectrum sunscreen to protect the skin from UV damage.

Why is consistent moisturizing so important for discoid eczema management? Regular application of emollients helps maintain skin hydration, strengthen the skin barrier, and reduce the risk of flare-ups. This simple yet effective practice forms the foundation of discoid eczema care.

Long-Term Outlook and Potential Complications

While discoid eczema is a chronic condition, proper management can lead to extended periods of remission and improved quality of life. However, it’s important to be aware of potential long-term effects and complications:

• Skin discoloration: Affected areas may remain discolored even after the eczema has cleared.
• Scarring: In severe cases or with frequent scratching, permanent scarring may occur.
• Psychological impact: The visible nature of the condition can lead to self-consciousness and affect mental well-being.
• Increased susceptibility: Damaged skin barrier may increase vulnerability to other skin infections.

Can the long-term effects of discoid eczema be mitigated? With consistent care, appropriate treatment, and regular follow-ups with healthcare providers, many individuals can effectively manage their condition and minimize long-term complications.

When to Seek Professional Medical Advice

While many cases of discoid eczema can be managed with over-the-counter treatments and self-care measures, certain situations warrant professional medical attention:

1. Initial diagnosis: If you suspect you have discoid eczema, consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment planning.
2. Persistent symptoms: Seek medical advice if symptoms persist despite consistent use of recommended treatments.
3. Signs of infection: Increased redness, warmth, swelling, or pus-like discharge from affected areas require immediate evaluation.
4. Severe itching or pain: If discomfort significantly impacts daily life or sleep, additional interventions may be necessary.
5. Widespread involvement: Extensive areas of affected skin may require more aggressive treatment approaches.
6. Impact on quality of life: If the condition is causing significant emotional distress or affecting daily activities, professional support can be beneficial.

How can timely medical intervention improve outcomes for discoid eczema patients? Early and appropriate treatment can help control symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall management of the condition, leading to better long-term outcomes and quality of life.

The Importance of Regular Follow-Up Care

Regular check-ups with a dermatologist or primary care provider are essential for individuals with discoid eczema. These appointments allow for:

• Monitoring of treatment effectiveness
• Adjustments to management plans as needed
• Early detection and treatment of potential complications
• Addressing any concerns or questions about the condition

By maintaining open communication with healthcare providers, patients can ensure they receive optimal care and support in managing their discoid eczema.

Discoid eczema | nidirect

Discoid eczema, also known as nummular or discoid dermatitis, is a long-term skin condition. It causes skin to become itchy, reddened, swollen and cracked in circular or oval patches. See your pharmacist or GP if you think you may have discoid eczema so they can recommend a suitable treatment.

Symptoms of discoid eczema

Circular or oval patches of eczema

Circular or oval patches of eczema can affect any part of the body, although they don’t usually affect the face or scalp.

They start as a group of small red spots or bumps on the skin which join up to form larger pink, red or brown patches that can range from a few millimetres to several centimetres in size.

Blistering

At first, these patches of eczema are often swollen, blistered (covered with small fluid-filled pockets) and ooze fluid.

Itchiness and pain

The patches also tend to be very itchy, particularly at night.

Dry, crusty, cracked and flaky skin patches

Over time, the patches may become dry, crusty, cracked and flaky. the centre of the patch also sometimes clears, leaving a ring of discoloured skin that can be mistaken for ringworm.

Discoid eczema causes circular or oval patches of eczema on the skin

You may just have one patch of discoid eczema, but most people get several patches. The skin between the patches is often dry.

Patches of discoid eczema can sometimes become infected.

Signs of an infection can include:

• the patches oozing a lot of fluid
• a yellow crust developing over the patches
• the skin around the patches becoming red, hot, swollen, and tender or painful
• feeling sick
• chills
• feeling unwell

When to get medical advice

See your pharmacist or GP if you think you may have discoid eczema so they can recommend a suitable treatment.

You should also seek medical advice if you think your skin may be infected. You may need treatment.

Your GP should be able to make a diagnosis just by examining the affected areas of skin. In some cases they may also ask questions or arrange some tests to rule out other conditions.

Your GP may refer you to a dermatologist (a doctor who specialises in managing skin conditions) if they’re unsure of the diagnosis or if you need patch testing.

Causes of discoid eczema

The cause of discoid eczema is unknown, although it may occur as a result of having particularly dry skin.

Dry skin means your skin can’t provide an effective barrier against substances that come into contact with it. This could allow a previously harmless substance, such as soap, to irritate (damage) your skin.

It’s important to look carefully at all the chemicals in cosmetics and toiletries that may have come into contact with your skin. Contact dermatitis, a type of eczema caused by coming into contact with a particular irritant, may have a role in discoid eczema.

Some people with discoid eczema also have a history of atopic eczema, which often occurs in people who are prone to asthma and hay fever. However, unlike atopic eczema, discoid eczema doesn’t seem to run in families.

Other possible triggers

An outbreak of discoid eczema may sometimes be triggered by a minor skin injury, such as an insect bite or a burn.

Some medicines may also be associated with discoid eczema, as patches of eczema can appear in people taking:

• interferon and ribavirin – when they’re used together to treat hepatitis C 
• tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) blockers – used to treat some types of arthritis
• statins (cholesterol-lowering medication) – which can cause dry skin and rashes

Dry environments and cold climates can make discoid eczema worse, and sunny or humid (damp) environments may make your symptoms better.

Treating discoid eczema

Discoid eczema is usually a long-term problem. But medications are available to help relieve the symptoms and keep the condition under control.

Without treatment, discoid eczema can last for weeks, months or even years. It may also keep recurring – often in the same area that was affected previously.

Treatments used include:

• emollients – moisturisers applied to the skin to stop it becoming dry
• topical corticosteroids – ointments and creams applied to the skin that can help relieve severe symptoms
• antihistamines – medications that can reduce itching and help you sleep better

There are also things you can do yourself to help, such as avoiding all the irritating chemicals in soaps, detergents, bubble baths and shower gels.

Additional medication can be prescribed if your eczema is infected or particularly severe.

Occasionally, areas of skin affected by discoid eczema can be left permanently discoloured after the condition has cleared up.

Other types of eczema

Eczema is the name for a group of skin conditions that cause dry, irritated skin. Other types of eczema include:

• atopic eczema (also called atopic dermatitis) – the most common type of eczema, it often runs in families and is linked to other conditions such as asthma and hay fever
• contact dermatitis – a type of eczema that occurs when the body comes into contact with a particular substance
• varicose eczema – a type of eczema that most often affects the lower legs and is caused by problems with the flow of blood through the leg veins

• Discoid eczema

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Discoid eczema – NHS

Discoid eczema, also known as nummular or discoid dermatitis, is a long-term (chronic) skin condition that causes skin to become itchy, swollen and cracked in circular or oval patches.

Without treatment, discoid eczema can last for weeks, months or even years. It may also keep coming back – often in the same area that was affected previously.

Symptoms of discoid eczema

Discoid eczema causes distinctive circular or oval patches of eczema. It can affect any part of the body, although it does not usually affect the face or scalp.

Credit:

Phanie / Alamy Stock Photo https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-nummular-eczema-72432322.html?pv=1&stamp=2&imageid=98CEB49C-1F7D-44C0-860A-2DCA2646A698&p=218214&n=0&orientation=0&pn=1&searchtype=0&IsFromSearch=1&srch=foo%3dbar%26st%3d0%26pn%3d1%26ps%3d100%26sortby%3d2%26resultview%3dsortbyPopular%26npgs%3d0%26qt%3dE5RG4J%26qt_raw%3dE5RG4J%26lic%3d3%26mr%3d0%26pr%3d0%26ot%3d0%26creative%3d%26ag%3d0%26hc%3d0%26pc%3d%26blackwhite%3d%26cutout%3d%26tbar%3d1%26et%3d0x000000000000000000000%26vp%3d0%26loc%3d0%26imgt%3d0%26dtfr%3d%26dtto%3d%26size%3d0xFF%26archive%3d1%26groupid%3d%26pseudoid%3d%7bA883FDE5-7F3D-4472-81F5-B61111916852%7d%26a%3d%26cdid%3d%26cdsrt%3d%26name%3d%26qn%3d%26apalib%3d%26apalic%3d%26lightbox%3d%26gname%3d%26gtype%3d%26xstx%3d0%26simid%3d%26saveQry%3d%26editorial%3d1%26nu%3d%26t%3d%26edoptin%3d%26customgeoip%3d%26cap%3d1%26cbstore%3d1%26vd%3d0%26lb%3d%26fi%3d2%26edrf%3d0%26ispremium%3d1%26flip%3d0%26pl%3d

The first sign of discoid eczema is usually a group of small spots or bumps on the skin. These then quickly join up to form larger patches that can range from a few millimetres to several centimetres in size.

On lighter skin these patches will be pink or red. On darker skin these patches can be a dark brown or they can be paler than the skin around them.

Initially, these patches are often swollen, blistered (covered with small fluid-filled pockets) and ooze fluid. They also tend to be very itchy, particularly at night.

Over time, the patches may become dry, crusty, cracked and flaky. The centre of the patch also sometimes clears, leaving a ring of discoloured skin that can be mistaken for ringworm.

You may just have 1 patch of discoid eczema, but most people get several patches. The skin between the patches is often dry.

Patches of discoid eczema can sometimes become infected. Signs of an infection can include:

• the patches oozing a lot of fluid
• a yellow crust developing over the patches
• the skin around the patches becoming hot, swollen and tender or painful
• feeling sick
• feeling hot or shivery
• feeling unwell

When to seek medical advice

See a pharmacist or GP if you think you may have discoid eczema. They can recommend a suitable treatment.

You should also seek medical advice if you think your skin may be infected. You may need to use an antibiotic cream or, in severe cases, take antibiotics as a tablet or capsule.

A GP should be able to make a diagnosis just by examining the affected areas of skin. In some cases they may also ask questions or arrange some tests to rule out other conditions.

A GP may refer you to a doctor who specialises in skin conditions (dermatologist) if they’re unsure of the diagnosis or if you need a patch test.

Causes of discoid eczema

The cause of discoid eczema is unknown, although it may happen as a result of having particularly dry skin.

When your skin is very dry it cannot provide an effective barrier against substances that come into contact with it. This could allow a previously harmless substance, such as soap, to irritate your skin.

It’s important to look carefully at all the chemicals in cosmetics and toiletries that may have come into contact with your skin. Contact dermatitis, a type of eczema caused by coming into contact with a particular irritant, may have a role in discoid eczema.

Some people with discoid eczema also have a history of atopic eczema, which often happens in people who are prone to asthma and hay fever. However, unlike atopic eczema, discoid eczema does not seem to run in families.

Other possible triggers 

An outbreak of discoid eczema may sometimes be triggered by a minor skin injury, such as an insect bite or a burn.

Some medicines have been linked to discoid eczema. You should not stop taking any prescribed medicine without talking to the doctor who prescribed it for you.

Dry environments and cold climates can make discoid eczema worse, and sunny or damp (humid) environments may make your symptoms better.

Treating discoid eczema

Discoid eczema is usually a long-term problem, but medicines are available to help relieve the symptoms and keep the condition under control.

Treatments include:

• emollients – moisturisers applied to the skin to stop it becoming dry
• topical corticosteroids – ointments and creams containing a steroid that are applied to the skin and may relieve severe symptoms
• antihistamines – medicines that can reduce itching

There are also things you can do yourself to help, such as avoiding all the irritating chemicals in soaps, detergents, bubble baths and shower gels.

Additional medicine can be prescribed if your eczema is infected or particularly severe.

Occasionally, areas of skin affected by discoid eczema can be left permanently discoloured after the condition has cleared up.

Find out more about treating discoid eczema.

Other types of eczema 

Eczema is the name for a group of skin conditions that cause dry, irritated skin. Other types of eczema include:

• atopic eczema (also called atopic dermatitis) – the most common type of eczema, it often runs in families and is linked to other conditions such as asthma and hay fever
• contact dermatitis – a type of eczema that happens when the skin comes into contact with a particular substance
• varicose eczema – a type of eczema that usually affects the lower legs and is caused by problems with the flow of blood through the leg veins

Page last reviewed: 23 March 2023
Next review due: 23 March 2026

About skin | Xerosis – Symptoms, Causes and Solutions

Most people suffer from some form of xerosis or simply dry skin during their lives. When this problem becomes serious, it affects people both physically and emotionally. The key to defeating the symptoms of xerosis is proper daily skin care that does not worsen skin condition and provides proper care and hydration. Understanding the various causes of dryness and applying the appropriate care helps individualize the process to improve its effectiveness.

What is xerosis?

Xerosis is the medical name for dry skin. It comes from the Greek words “xero”, which means dry, and “osis” – disease, disease. Xerosis is associated with a lack of moisture in the skin, may occur as a result of aging (age-related xerosis) or accompany certain diseases such as diabetes. As a result, the skin becomes dry, rough and tight, which can develop into keratinization, lead to peeling and peeling of the skin.

Whenever you are in doubt about the condition of your skin, it is important to consult a dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis. You can also use a skin test to diagnose.

Internal and external factors can damage the skin’s ability to hydrate.

The ability of the skin to regulate hydration, or saturation of its upper layers with moisture, depends on three main processes occurring at different depths in the skin: ), salts and amino acids, absorb and bind large amounts of water;

– skin’s own protective lipids (eg ceramide-3) perform the vital function of reducing water loss through evaporation;

– In the deeper layers, the skin’s own natural hydration system transfers water to the surface through aquaporin channels.

This delicate system works quite precisely and is able to adapt to the needs of skin hydration, maintaining the necessary concentration of moisture with changes in the external environment. However, several internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) factors can disrupt this system, resulting in dry skin. The severity of symptoms depends on a number of complex factors.

Signs and symptoms of xerosis

Xerosis is a common skin condition that millions of people experience in either chronic or acute form. Just as the skin’s hydration system is maintained by many factors, lack of moisture in the skin can manifest itself in a variety of ways. Most often, dry skin will show only a few of these symptoms, while very dry skin will usually have all of these symptoms to some degree.

• Thickening is due to the fact that the skin loses its elasticity due to dehydration. When there is a lack of moisture, the skin becomes less elastic and loses volume.
• Roughness (keratinization) is also caused by dryness, which increases the rate of cell death in the upper layers of the skin, resulting in a thick layer of dead cells on the surface of the skin.
• Scaly skin is similar to keratinized skin, with the difference that the upper horny layer of the skin becomes dry and inelastic.
• Skin flaking occurs when dry skin particles are shed. Sometimes it looks like fine dust.
• Itching is another effect that occurs due to dry skin and is a sharp reaction to the discomfort caused by tight skin that does not function properly.
• sensitivity is caused by the inability of dry skin to resist irritants such as hot water, perfume and other substances that can penetrate the skin’s surface. However, skin sensitivity is not always associated with dryness.
  Dry skin can appear on any part of the body, although it generally occurs in places that are most exposed to external influences.

Inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis predominantly result in localized xerotic skin.

Always seek professional advice and a diagnosis from a physician if you develop any of these symptoms.

What causes xerosis?

Three major skin imperfections have been shown to cause dryness.

When the skin lacks lipids or another natural moisturizing factor, it becomes dry.

Lack of protective skin lipids

The cells of the stratum corneum are connected to each other with the help of epidermal lipids. These lipids are essential for maintaining healthy skin by providing a protective barrier and retaining moisture. When lipids are absent, the skin may become dry and may feel tight and rough.

Lack of natural moisturizing factor (NMF)

In addition to urea, several other natural moisturizing factors (NMF) are present in the skin. These include PCA, lactic acid, salts and sugars. Like urea, this natural moisturizing factor draws and locks moisture close to the stratum corneum (the top layer of the skin), preventing it from becoming dry, flaky and damaged.

Inefficiency of own skin moisturizing system

Aquaporins are microscopic water channels located in cell membranes that control the transport of water in and out of the cell.
Aquaporins form a system that transfers moisture through the various layers of the skin’s epidermis.

Dry skin factors

Some external factors provoke the physiological changes described above, which can lead to xerosis.

Frequent washing can destroy the lipid barrier of the skin.

– Dry skin is more often associated with low air humidity (winter time, sometimes hot summer).

– Frequent cleansing causes breakdown of the skin’s natural barrier. The danger increases with the use of aggressive cleaners and detergents.

– The sun’s rays can cause dry skin, and ultraviolet rays increase the rate of moisture evaporation from the skin’s surface. In the long term, it can lead to premature aging of the skin, affecting its ability to maintain the required level of hydration.

Intrinsic factors: age, dehydration, diet, medication, and disease.

– Studies have shown that the concentration of lipids in the stratum corneum decreases with age. This can lead to age-related dryness.

– Diet is important as natural lipids and nutrients are essential for healthy skin.

– Some medications, especially diuretics, cause dehydration, which can lead to dry skin.

– Skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and diabetes are characterized by the symptom of dry skin.

What can be done?

For a long time, the treatment of xerosis has been more symptomatic, with the aim of short-term relief of symptoms by topical application of lipids, mainly vegetable oils, humectants, and PUFs such as urea and lactic acid. Since the causes and factors behind xerosis have become known, doctors have found that a more holistic, integrated approach to treating xerosis produces significantly better results. This strategy consists of avoiding or minimizing the causes and factors that contribute to the development of xerosis, focusing on providing the necessary daily facial and body skin care, cleansing and moisturizing.

Cleansing dry skin

The use of mild cleaners is recommended.

Gentle but effective cleansing of the skin is essential not only for the subsequent application of topical products, for example, in atopic dermatitis, but also for moisturizing the face when caring for dry skin. Choosing a product that is suitable for cleansing the skin and does not compromise the skin’s barrier function is critical to the effectiveness of further hydration and skin care.

Skin Hydration Improvement

Skin hydration is regulated in various ways, each of which depends on many factors. For effective treatment of xerosis, it is necessary to influence every factor involved in the regulation and maintenance of skin hydration.

Use products with urea, an important moisturizing ingredient.

Dry skin often lacks urea, the main moisturizing component. Other causes of xerosis are a lack of another natural moisturizing factor (NMF) and protective skin lipids. Topical delivery of these vital substances can restore the skin’s ability to regulate hydration. In addition, the newest humectant, the compound of glycerol and glucose, glycerol glucoside (GG), has been shown to stimulate the skin’s own hydration system.

In clinical trials, compared to urea-lactic acid-glycerol lotion (with similar functions), moisturizers containing NMF series, glyco-glycerol and ceramide-3 provided better skin hydration and long-lasting hydration, demonstrating successful progress in the treatment of xerosis. In addition, both of these moisturizers significantly improved the hydration and protective function of the skin, eliminated visible dryness and roughness of the skin to the touch compared to their counterparts. Very good skin tolerance was also noted.

In summary, skin care products such as the Eucerin UREA range use unique combinations of powerful moisturizing ingredients to target the major skin blemishes caused by xerosis and provide the most advanced therapeutic options for this skin condition.

Avoidance of factors contributing to xerosis

In addition to good cleansing and moisturizing, it is very important to avoid factors that contribute to the development of dry skin. This will help alleviate the problem of dry skin and reduce the need for treatment.

Make sure you are drinking enough water.

– Avoid dry air by spending less time outside in hot and dry or cold weather and using humidifiers when the heat is on.

– Reduce your time in hot water by taking quick warm showers instead of long hot baths.

– Use gloves when washing dishes to avoid exposure to hot water and harsh detergents.

– Wear natural materials such as cotton and silk that do not irritate the skin. Wool is also a natural material but can irritate atopic skin and should be avoided in this condition.

– Try to use laundry detergents without dyes or fragrances, as they can remain on clothes after washing and irritate dry skin.

edited by

Anastasia Timoshkina

Training Manager, Eucerin Brand Expert

Corresponding articles

Dry hand skin: what to do and how to treat

Publication: 04/12/2023
Change: 04/12/2023

The skin on the hands is quite vulnerable, therefore, under the influence of negative factors, its dryness and flaking often appear. In addition, many people forget about caring for this part of the body, as a result, severe itching, redness and cracks may appear. The problem can occur at any time of the year, but is most pronounced in winter, during strong winds and frosts.

It is widely believed that dry skin of the hands is associated with a lack of some vitamin in the body. However, the causes of such a problem can be much more serious: sometimes a symptom signals metabolic disorders, allergic reactions, and hereditary pathologies. We will figure out how to properly care for the skin in order to avoid its peeling and what is important to pay attention to.

Author:

Gordilova Victoria Grigorievna

Dermatologist-cosmetologist
Work experience: 7 years

Important!

The information in this article should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. For staging
correct diagnosis and treatment should always consult a doctor.

What is this problem?

Dry skin, or xerosis, is a fairly common condition characterized by a decrease in moisture in the superficial layers of the epidermis. Often it serves as a background for the development of numerous dermatoses. Usually manifested by peeling of varying severity, the skin seems cracked and rough to the touch. On visual inspection, small wrinkles and individual areas of redness may be noticeable.

The patient has a feeling of tightness, slight itching, sometimes burning. With a long course of xerosis, itching can increase, which leads to constant rubbing and scratching of the skin. This provokes infiltration and subsequent pigmentation.

Such a problem should not be regarded as a cosmetic defect only. Dry skin syndrome is accompanied by a serious decrease in the quality of life of the patient. In addition, the condition can be complicated by a number of infectious diseases, as damaged skin becomes a site of penetration of various microorganisms and bacteria.

Xerosis is periodically observed even in apparently healthy people. It is associated with the influence of various environmental factors. For example, many patients complain of dry skin on their hands in winter due to unfavorable climatic conditions. This syndrome also often develops due to exposure to the epidermis of chemically aggressive substances. They can get on hands when performing professional or household work.

Usually xerosis is considered as a limited lesion. Many experts agree that the problem should be considered only as a symptom that accompanies contact dermatitis.

Water plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acquired xerosis. For example, dryness is often experienced by people who frequently wash their hands, regularly visit the pool, or come into contact with water. Moreover, hot water is more harmful. The problem can be exacerbated by contact with liquid and the constant wearing of rubber gloves (which is a necessity for some professions). Consistent use of alkaline disinfectants and washing hands more than 15 to 20 times a day also increase the risk of developing pathology.

Often, various physiological factors are involved in the pathogenesis of xerosis. In particular, these are age-related changes in the body. During life, there are several periods that are characterized by increased dryness of the skin. Most often, this problem occurs in newborns and the elderly.

According to statistics, more than 75% of cases of dry skin are diagnosed in patients over 70 years of age. Simultaneously with xerosis of the hands, the problem appears on the legs (legs), often this condition is accompanied by the development of dry eczema. In severe cases, dry skin syndrome may spread to other parts of the body, resulting in a generalized disease.

In severe cases, ichthyosis can develop – it is one of the manifestations of xerosis. Ichthyosis is a whole group of hereditary diseases that are accompanied by a violation of keratinization. One of the main symptoms is increased dryness of the skin, as well as the presence of numerous “scales”. There are several clinical forms of the disease, but they are all associated with various gene mutations. Cornification in this case can manifest itself in varying degrees – from mild peeling to serious changes in the epidermis, which can be life-threatening.

As already noted, the development of xerosis is associated with dehydration of the stratum corneum of the epidermis. In the course of research, it was found that in order to maintain all the biomechanical properties of the stratum corneum, the moisture level in it should be approximately 10% of the total mass. Water enters the upper layer of the epidermis from the underlying layers and is retained in it. If the moisture level falls below 10%, then there is a violation of the normal functions of the skin, resulting in dryness.

Causes of the problem

It is worth understanding in detail the causes of dry skin on the hands. As a rule, dehydration is associated with the influence of external or internal factors. External – include the following:

• Exposure to sun, strong winds, cold and other climatic factors.
• Reduced humidity in the room.
• Incorrectly selected skin care products (or lack of them).
• Use of a range of detergents and cleaning solutions.

Internal causes are connected with the state of the organism itself. The following factors can lead to the development of xerosis:

• Skin diseases and allergic reactions.
• Metabolic disorders (eg due to diabetes or hyperthyroidism).
• Deficiency or poor absorption of vitamin A.
• Age changes.
• Anemia or dysbacteriosis.
• Hereditary skin diseases.

It is very important to find out the cause of the disorders, otherwise the treatment of xerosis may be unsuccessful. Therefore, it is worth understanding what factors affect this skin condition and whether they are temporary.

Dryness and peeling sometimes occur in certain areas of the hands, so the causes of the pathology can vary significantly.

Palms . It is the skin on the palms that suffers most from external influences, since this is the main working surface. Therefore, dryness, peeling and redness of the palms is not uncommon.

The presence of small scales and peeling indicates a deficiency of certain vitamins and trace elements (for example, vitamins A and D). If the problem is pronounced, then the presence of keratolysis or a fungal infection can be suspected.

Usually, in the case of dry skin on the palms, it is worth talking about a lack of moisture. It can be caused by the detergents you use or exposure to negative environmental factors. Therefore, try to replace regular soap with cream-gel and in cold weather, be sure to wear gloves.

Fingers . The lack of moisture in the stratum corneum of the epidermis is most often manifested by peeling of the skin on the fingers. In addition, the condition of the nails often worsens – they become brittle and thin. The skin in this state becomes vulnerable to various microbes and bacteria, resulting in a risk of skin infections.

Xerosis of the skin on the fingers is common in elderly patients. This is directly related to age-related changes in the body, as a result of which the stratum corneum loses the necessary moisture.

If dryness, itching and peeling are mainly localized in the area of ​​​​the nails, then this may indicate the development of contact dermatitis and an allergic reaction. Increasingly, this problem occurs in women who do manicures with gel polish.

Between fingers . The causes of dry hands and cracks between the fingers can be various factors – from improper care to professional activities.

For example, washing dishes frequently without gloves exposes the skin to detergents. As a result, dryness appears, which eventually develops into severe peeling and the appearance of cracks. To avoid this, it is recommended to use protective gloves when washing or washing dishes, as well as to dry the skin thoroughly.

The presence of dryness in the interdigital space may be due to a lack of vitamins of groups A and B, in rare cases, this symptom indicates the presence of a fungal infection.

Combined with cracks . Dryness of the skin can be so pronounced that it is accompanied by the appearance of cracks and “hooks”. In this case, we can assume vitamin deficiency and dysfunction of the production of sebaceous glands.

Washing your hands frequently (especially with hot water) may cause the problem. Especially dangerous is the use of aggressive detergents and cleaners, alkaline compounds without protective gloves.

In addition, cracks in the skin of the hands are the result of the following problems:

• Metabolic disorders (due to diabetes, thyroid disease).
• Unbalanced diet, long-term diets.
• Hypo- and avitaminosis.
• UV exposure.
• Natural age-related changes.

The patient is advised to use appropriate care and make dietary changes to repair the cracks. In addition, you should monitor the body’s water balance and drink enough clean water per day.

Combined with redness . The simultaneous appearance of xerosis and redness of the skin can be the result of various reasons. Redness can provoke illiterate care, over time this leads to the development of dermatitis.

Another common cause of the problem is the use of aggressive laundry or dishwashing detergents. Often, in combination with dryness, such products lead to the appearance of bright red spots, which can increase in size over time.

In some cases, we can talk about the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation (this applies not only to the sun, but also to tanning in a solarium), side effects of medicines and allergies to certain products. In case of allergies, peeling and redness will be accompanied by itching.

It is important to know that sometimes these symptoms indicate the presence of dermatological diseases. For example, dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen, eczema can manifest themselves this way. Therefore, without the help of a doctor in such cases can not do.

Severe dryness and tightness of the skin . If the symptoms are pronounced, then this may indicate some diseases of the internal organs. For example, diseases of the intestines, liver and thyroid gland manifest themselves in this way.

Thyroid disorders are manifested by lethargy, constant feeling of fatigue, hair loss and brittle nails.

If the bowels are disturbed, there may be problems with stools, persistent diarrhea or constipation, as well as other symptoms that at first glance have nothing to do with the underlying disease.

With liver pathologies, the patient may experience pallor of the skin, loss of appetite and bouts of nausea. Dry skin is almost always found, especially in the presence of hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver.

Dry hand skin in children . Separately, we will understand the causes of dry skin of the hands in children. This does not always indicate the presence of diseases and the need for treatment. For example, the problem is often associated with increased water hardness. The skin of children is thinner and more sensitive, so it can react to any irritation.

Frequent problems with xerosis include frequent bathing, use of unsuitable bath products, and use of talcum powder. The sebaceous glands in childhood are underdeveloped, which is why there is practically no production of sebum. It also contributes to increased dryness of the skin.

Important!

The information in this article should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. For staging
correct diagnosis and treatment should always consult a doctor.

Hand care

Correct home hand care will help reduce the severity of the problem. The main recommendations are as follows:

• Choose Skin Moisturizer & Nourisher. It is best to use creams or gels with an SPF factor. This will prevent the negative effects of sunlight and avoid the development of xerosis.
• Apply moisturizer immediately after a shower or bath . This will help reduce the negative effects of hard water or shower products.
• Reapply moisturizer before bed . It is best to choose fragrance-free formulations to avoid an allergic reaction.

Also, to protect against the negative effects of external and internal factors, observe the following recommendations:

• Dry your hands with a towel after washing to avoid cracking.
• Wear gloves during the cold season.
• Stay hydrated and drink enough water daily.
• Maintain the right humidity at home. To do this, you can use special humidifiers.
• Wear rubber gloves to protect your skin when washing dishes or doing laundry.
• If you have sensitive skin, try not to rub or scratch it.
• Do not use perfumes or products containing alcohol on your hands.
• Watch your diet and include foods rich in vitamins A, B, C and E.
• Give up bad habits, do not abuse alcohol and smoking.

In addition, it is worth understanding the causes of dryness. If you could not identify them yourself, then seek the help of a dermatologist. The doctor will be able to exclude serious diseases and select competent skin care.

Dryness options

If you have dry skin on your hands, then some cosmetic procedures can be done to eliminate this problem. Typically, the following techniques are used to correct dehydration:

• Mesotherapy. This is an injection technique that involves the introduction of special cocktails based on hyaluronic acid, various trace elements and vitamins. It is possible to significantly improve the condition of the skin of the hands, make it smoother and more hydrated. As a result of a course of mesotherapy, it is possible to reduce skin pigmentation, eliminate peeling, and also prevent a number of age-related changes. The technique is considered quite simple to carry out and does not require complex preparation from the patient.
• Biorevitalization. During such an injection procedure, preparations based on hyaluronic acid are used. This component is able to attract and retain water molecules in the tissues, therefore, after biorevitalization, the skin becomes more hydrated. The natural level of moisture is restored, metabolic processes are normalized. In addition, preparations based on hyaluronic acid trigger the production of new collagen and elastin. As a result, you can achieve the effect of skin rejuvenation, eliminate its sagging and hide visible veins.
• Plasma therapy. The patient’s own plasma enriched with platelets is used. This procedure ensures the restoration of the regenerative abilities of the skin. Stimulation of own stem cells and fibroblasts occurs, which leads to pronounced tissue rejuvenation. The skin becomes more hydrated and elastic, dryness, itching and redness disappear. Plasma therapy is safe, as blood is taken under sterile conditions. A good effect is observed even after the first session of injections.
• Contour plastic. Such manipulation involves the injection of special fillers – gels based on hyaluronic acid. They perfectly replenish the lost volumes of subcutaneous fat, due to which it is possible to eliminate pronounced age-related changes. In addition, the condition of the skin improves, the hands become smoother, peeling and “hooks” disappear.
• Paraffin therapy. For very dry hand skin, you can do paraffin therapy, which involves heat treatment of the skin with paraffin. The technique is aimed at restoring and nourishing the epidermis. It helps to minimize the harmful effects of the environment, activate regeneration processes and improve blood circulation in tissues.
• Hand massage. A good cosmetic effect has a regular hand massage. During this procedure, blood circulation in the tissues improves, the skin receives more nutrients, becomes elastic and smooth. In addition, during the manipulation, special oils and moisturizing creams are used, which contribute to the gentle exfoliation of the skin and prevent dryness.
• Chemical peels. During this technique, compositions with a high acid content are used. Due to them, dead cells are removed, pigmentation is lightened and skin is regenerated. The procedure helps to eliminate the effects of prolonged dryness and contributes to the complete renewal of the skin.
• Phototherapy. In recent years, hardware methods have been widely used. Including, this phototreatment of the skin with the help of IPL light. The procedure perfectly solves a number of aesthetic problems, promotes tissue rejuvenation and helps eliminate redness.
• High-quality, properly selected cosmetics.

As you can see, in most cases the problem of xerosis can be solved with the help of various cosmetic procedures.