What are the effects of taking too much aspirin. How to recognize an aspirin overdose. When to seek immediate medical attention for aspirin toxicity. What information is crucial for emergency responders in case of an aspirin overdose.

Aspirin Overdose: A Comprehensive Overview

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that provides relief from mild to moderate pain, reduces inflammation, and helps lower fever. However, when taken in excessive amounts, it can lead to a potentially dangerous condition known as aspirin overdose.

An aspirin overdose can occur in two distinct ways:

• Acute overdose: This happens when a person ingests a large quantity of aspirin at once.
• Chronic overdose: This occurs when normal daily doses of aspirin accumulate in the body over time, often due to impaired kidney function or dehydration.

Understanding the risks and symptoms associated with aspirin overdose is crucial for prompt recognition and appropriate medical intervention.

Common Sources of Aspirin and Its Derivatives

Aspirin is present in numerous over-the-counter and prescription medications. Some common brand names that contain aspirin or its derivatives include:

• Alka Seltzer
• Anacin
• Bayer
• Bufferin
• Ecotrin
• Excedrin
• Fiorinal
• Percodan
• St. Joseph’s

It’s important to note that this list is not exhaustive, and aspirin may be present in other medications as well. Always carefully read labels and consult with a healthcare professional if you’re unsure about the ingredients in your medications.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Aspirin Overdose

Aspirin overdose can affect multiple body systems, leading to a wide range of symptoms. These symptoms can vary depending on whether the overdose is acute or chronic.

Acute Overdose Symptoms

An acute aspirin overdose may manifest with the following symptoms:

• Respiratory issues: Rapid breathing, slow and labored breathing, or wheezing
• Sensory disturbances: Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and blurred vision
• Neurological symptoms: Agitation, confusion, drowsiness, severe headache, unsteadiness, and in severe cases, seizures or coma
• Gastrointestinal problems: Nausea, vomiting (sometimes with blood), stomach pain, diarrhea, and heartburn
• Skin changes: Rash

Chronic Overdose Symptoms

Chronic aspirin overdose may present with a different set of symptoms, including:

• Fatigue
• Slight fever
• Confusion
• Collapse
• Rapid heartbeat
• Uncontrollable rapid breathing

Can aspirin overdose symptoms vary in severity. Indeed, the severity of symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening, depending on factors such as the amount ingested, the person’s age and health status, and how quickly medical attention is sought.

Emergency Response to Aspirin Overdose

If you suspect an aspirin overdose, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Call your local emergency number (such as 911 in the United States) or contact the Poison Help hotline at 1-800-222-1222 for expert guidance.

What information should you have ready when calling for help. The following details can be extremely helpful for emergency responders:

• The person’s age, weight, and general health condition
• The name of the product ingested (including ingredients and strength, if known)
• The time when the medication was swallowed
• The amount that was ingested

Is it necessary to delay calling for help if you don’t have all this information. Absolutely not. It’s crucial to call for emergency assistance immediately, even if you don’t have all the details at hand.

Preventing Aspirin Overdose: Safety Measures and Precautions

Preventing aspirin overdose is crucial for maintaining safe medication practices. Here are some essential safety measures and precautions to consider:

1. Always follow the recommended dosage: Adhere strictly to the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider or on the medication label.
2. Keep track of your medications: Maintain a list of all medications you’re taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to avoid accidental double-dosing.
3. Store medications safely: Keep aspirin and other medications out of reach of children and in a secure location.
4. Be aware of combination products: Many cold and flu remedies contain aspirin or other NSAIDs. Always check the ingredients to avoid unintentional overdose.
5. Communicate with healthcare providers: Inform all your healthcare providers about the medications you’re taking to prevent potential drug interactions.
6. Stay hydrated: Proper hydration is essential, especially for older adults, to prevent the accumulation of aspirin in the body.
7. Monitor kidney function: If you have kidney problems, work closely with your healthcare provider to adjust medication dosages as needed.

By implementing these safety measures, you can significantly reduce the risk of aspirin overdose and ensure the safe use of this common medication.

Long-term Effects of Aspirin Overuse

While aspirin can be beneficial when used as directed, chronic overuse or repeated overdoses can lead to serious long-term health consequences. Some potential long-term effects of aspirin overuse include:

• Gastrointestinal complications: Chronic aspirin use can lead to stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, and increased risk of perforations in the stomach or intestines.
• Kidney damage: Prolonged overuse of aspirin can impair kidney function and potentially lead to chronic kidney disease.
• Hearing loss: Persistent high doses of aspirin may cause temporary or permanent hearing loss and tinnitus.
• Increased bleeding risk: Regular aspirin overuse can interfere with blood clotting, leading to an increased risk of bleeding, especially during surgeries or injuries.
• Reye’s syndrome: In children and teenagers, aspirin use during viral illnesses can lead to this rare but serious condition affecting the liver and brain.

Does aspirin overuse affect everyone in the same way. No, the effects can vary depending on individual factors such as age, overall health, and concurrent medical conditions. It’s essential to discuss any concerns about aspirin use with a healthcare professional.

Alternative Pain Management Strategies

For individuals concerned about aspirin overdose or those looking for alternative pain management options, several strategies can be considered:

1. Non-pharmacological approaches:
   • Physical therapy
   • Acupuncture
   • Massage therapy
   • Heat or cold therapy
   • Relaxation techniques like meditation or deep breathing exercises
2. Alternative medications:
   • Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
   • Other NSAIDs like ibuprofen or naproxen (under medical supervision)
   • Topical pain relievers
3. Lifestyle modifications:
   • Regular exercise
   • Maintaining a healthy weight
   • Proper ergonomics at work and home
   • Stress management techniques
4. Complementary therapies:
   • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
   • Biofeedback
   • Mindfulness practices

Can these alternatives completely replace aspirin for all individuals. Not necessarily. The effectiveness of these strategies can vary depending on the individual and the specific condition being treated. It’s crucial to work with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized pain management plan that balances efficacy and safety.

The Role of Education in Preventing Medication Overdoses

Education plays a crucial role in preventing medication overdoses, including aspirin overdose. Here are some key areas where increased awareness and education can make a significant impact:

• Understanding medication labels: Teaching individuals how to properly read and interpret medication labels, including active ingredients, dosage instructions, and warnings.
• Recognizing different drug names: Educating people about the various names for aspirin and other common medications to prevent accidental double-dosing.
• Proper medication storage and disposal: Providing information on safe storage practices and proper disposal methods for expired or unused medications.
• Awareness of drug interactions: Educating the public about potential interactions between aspirin and other medications, supplements, or foods.
• Recognizing overdose symptoms: Teaching individuals and caregivers how to recognize the signs of aspirin overdose and when to seek medical help.
• Promoting medication adherence: Educating patients on the importance of following prescribed dosages and treatment plans.

How can healthcare providers contribute to medication safety education. Healthcare providers can play a vital role by:

1. Providing clear, written instructions for medication use
2. Discussing potential side effects and warning signs with patients
3. Offering medication reviews to ensure patients understand their treatment plans
4. Utilizing digital tools and apps to help patients track their medication use
5. Collaborating with community organizations to offer medication safety workshops

By prioritizing education and awareness, we can significantly reduce the incidence of aspirin overdoses and promote safer medication practices across all age groups.

Aspirin overdose Information | Mount Sinai

Acetylsalicylic acid overdose

Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve mild to moderate aches and pains, swelling, and fever.

Aspirin overdose occurs when someone accidentally or intentionally takes more than the recommended amount of this medicine. This can happen in two ways:

• If a person takes a very large dose of aspirin at one time, it is called an acute overdose.
• If a normal daily dose of aspirin builds up in the body over time and causes symptoms, it is called a chronic overdose. This may happen if your kidneys do not work correctly or when you are dehydrated. Chronic overdoses are usually seen in older people during hot weather.

This article is for information only. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual overdose. If you or someone you are with overdoses, call the local emergency number (such as 911), or the local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States.

Poisonous Ingredient

Acetylsalicylic acid

Where Found

Aspirin is also known as acetylsalicylic acid and can be found in many prescription and over-the-counter pain relievers, including:

• Alka Seltzer
• Anacin
• Bayer
• Bufferin
• Ecotrin
• Excedrin
• Fiorinal
• Percodan
• St. Joseph’s

Note: This list may not be all-inclusive.

Symptoms

Airways and lungs:

• Rapid breathing
• Slow, labored breathing
• Wheezing

Eyes, ears, nose, and throat:

• Ringing in the ears
• Blurred vision

Nervous system:

• Agitation, confusion, incoherence (not understandable)
• Collapse
• Coma (lack of responsiveness)
• Seizures
• Drowsiness
• Headache (severe)
• Unsteadiness, problems moving

Skin:

• Rash

Stomach and intestines:

• Diarrhea
• Heartburn
• Nausea, vomiting (sometimes bloody)
• Stomach pain (possible bleeding in the stomach and intestines)

Symptoms of chronic overdose may include:

• Fatigue
• Slight fever
• Confusion
• Collapse
• Rapid heart beat
• Uncontrollable rapid breathing

Before Calling Emergency

The following information is helpful for emergency assistance:

• Person’s age, weight, and condition
• Name of the product (ingredients and strength, if known)
• Time it was swallowed
• Amount swallowed

However, DO NOT delay calling for help if this information is not immediately available.

Poison Control

Your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.

This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Take the container with you to the hospital, if possible.

What to Expect at the Emergency Room

The health care provider will measure and monitor the person’s vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure.

Symptoms will be treated as appropriate. The person may receive:

• Activated charcoal
• Airway support, including oxygen, breathing tube through the mouth (intubation), and ventilator (breathing machine)
• Blood and urine tests including a blood salicylate level
• Chest x-ray
• ECG (electrocardiogram, or heart tracing)
• Fluids through the vein (intravenous or IV)
• Laxative
• Medicines to treat symptoms

Other medicines may be given through a vein, including potassium salt and sodium bicarbonate, which helps the body remove aspirin that has already been absorbed.

If these treatments do not work or the overdose is extremely severe, hemodialysis (kidney machine) may be needed to reverse the condition.

In rare cases, a breathing machine may be needed. Many poisoning experts think this causes more harm than good, so it is only used as a very last resort.

Outlook (Prognosis)

A toxic dose of aspirin is 200 to 300 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram of body weight), and ingestion of 500 mg/kg is potentially lethal. In chronic overdose a lower level of aspirin in the body can result in serious illness. Much lower levels can affect children.

If treatment is delayed or the overdose is large enough, symptoms will continue to get worse. Breathing becomes extremely fast or may stop. Seizures, high fevers, or death may occur.

How well you do depends greatly on how much aspirin your body has absorbed and how much is flowing through your blood. If you take a large amount of aspirin but come quickly to the emergency room, treatments may help keep your blood levels of aspirin very low. If you do not get to the emergency room fast enough, the level of aspirin in your blood can become dangerously high.

Aronson JK. Acetylsalicylic acid. In: Aronson JK, ed. Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016:26-52.

Hatten BW. Aspirin and nonsteroidal agents. In: Walls RM, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 139.

Last reviewed on: 1/2/2023

Reviewed by: Jesse Borke, MD, CPE, FAAEM, FACEP, Attending Physician at Kaiser Permanente, Orange County, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Aspirin Poisoning

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Aspirin Poisoning Overview
• Aspirin Poisoning Causes
• Aspirin Poisoning Symptoms
• When to Seek Medical Care
• Exams and Tests
• Aspirin Poisoning Treatment – Self-Care at Home
• Medical Treatment
• Medications
• Other Therapy
• Next Steps
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Aspirin is another name for acetylsalicylic acid, a common pain reliever (also called an analgesic). The earliest known uses of the drug can be traced back to the Greek physician Hippocrates in the fifth century BC. He used powder extracted from the bark of willows to treat pain and reduce fever.

For a variety of reasons, some people intentionally ingest poisons or poison others. Some reasons include:

• Suicide
• Gaining personal attention
• Child abuse

Aspirin poisoning can also be accidental and was once the most common cause of accidental poisoning of children. Safety precautions such as child-resistant packaging has helped make it less common.

Inappropriate dosing in both children and elderly people is one of the reasons accidental aspirin poisonings continue to happen. Hundreds of medications — both over-the-counter and prescription medicines — contain aspirin or aspirin-like substances. Unintentional poisoning can result if these medications are taken in combination, in inappropriate doses, or over a long time period. This is especially likely to occur in older people with chronic health problems.

The earliest symptoms of acute aspirin poisoning may include ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and impaired hearing. More clinically significant signs and symptoms may include rapid breathing (hyperventilation), vomiting, dehydration, fever, double vision, and feeling faint.

Later signs of aspirin poisoning, or signs of more significant poisoning, can include drowsiness or confusion, bizarre behavior, unsteady walking, and coma.

The abnormal breathing caused by aspirin poisoning is usually rapid and deep. Vomiting may occur 3-8 hours after taking too much aspirin. Serious dehydration may occur from hyperventilation, vomiting, and fever.

If you have been taking aspirin and begin to have ringing in your ears, call your doctor to see if the medication should be stopped or the dosage reduced..

For all other symptoms, call 911 (or the local emergency phone number) immediately. Serious symptoms include the following:

• Agitation, fever, convulsions, collapse, confusion, coma
• Low blood pressure
• Rapid heart rate
• Rapid breathing
• Wheezing
• Nausea and vomiting
• Bleeding
• Hallucinations
• Drowsiness

The doctor will take a history and perform a physical examination to look for evidence of poisoning. The doctor will order laboratory tests to look for damage to organ systems that can be harmed by aspirin overdose and, depending on the timing, also to check for the level of aspirin in the bloodstream.

The doctor will make sure you are able to breathe and will check vital signs including body temperature. The doctor will check alertness by asking you to respond to questions. If you are unconscious, the doctor will give oxygen and perhaps use machines to help you breathe.

Blood will be taken for lab testing. One blood test will measure the amount of salicylate, the active ingredient in aspirin, in your blood. Sometimes the blood level of salicylate can increase over time even though an individual has not taken any more aspirin. This may indicate the person has taken coated tablets or sustained-release tablets, which release salicylate into the bloodstream slowly.

The doctor will make treatment decisions based on the dose of active ingredient ingested, the time over which it was ingested, your age, the symptoms you are experiencing, and your acid-base status. Acid-base status is the balance of acid and base in the blood. Aspirin may change this balance quickly, so the doctor will monitor this to guide treatment.

Call 911 immediately if a drug overdose is discovered or suspected, and the victim is unconscious, having convulsions, not breathing, or is otherwise seriously ill.

If the person who took the aspirin is not having symptoms, do not wait to see if symptoms develop. Call the local poison control center immediately. It is a good idea to post the telephone number of the local poison control center near the phone. This information can be found at: American Association of Poison Control Centers. Or call (800) 222-1222 if you have a poisoning emergency.

Providing as much information as possible to the poison control center can help determine what the next course of action should be. The poison control center, paramedics, and emergency department staff will want the following information:

• Is the person conscious?
• Is the person breathing?
• What medications were taken? Try to locate the medicine container.
• What is the medicine’s name and how many milligrams (mg) is each pill?
• How much of the medicine did the person take and when was it taken?
• Was the medicine taken with alcohol or any other drugs or chemicals?
• How old is the person who took the medicine?
• What are the current symptoms?
• What medical conditions does the person have?

Although ipecac syrup was used in the past to make the victim vomit, it is rarely recommended today and is not usually appropriate in aspirin poisoning. Causing vomiting can be very dangerous in the case of an altered mental status or convulsions.

Doctors may use gastric lavage, or pumping out the stomach contents, to try to prevent further absorption of the aspirin into the body. Dialysis is also sometimes used to reduce the amount of salicylate in the body.

Activated charcoal: To prevent more absorption, the doctor may give activated charcoal to absorb the salicylate from the stomach. A laxative may be given with the activated charcoal to move the mixture through the gastrointestinal system more rapidly. People who have been severely poisoned may be given repeated doses of activated charcoal.

IV fluids: Dehydration occurs early in aspirin poisoning. To correct dehydration, the doctor will start an IV to provide fluids. The doctor will also work to correct imbalances in the body’s blood chemistries.

Alkaline diuresis: This is a way to reduce the amount of salicylate in the body. Alkaline diuresis is the process of giving a person who has been poisoned compounds that alter the chemistry of the blood and urine in a way that allows the kidneys to remove more salicylate. Specifically, sodium bicarbonate is given via IV to make the blood and urine less acidic (more alkaline). This encourages the kidneys to capture more salicylate that can leave the body through the urine. Sometimes, other compounds, such as potassium, also have to be given to help with this process.

The emergency physician may have to perform other procedures or give other medications as supportive care in the case of a dangerous aspirin overdose. These actions may include the following:

• Placing a breathing tube (intubation) and assisting breathing with a ventilator for a person who is in a coma, cannot protect their own airway, or needs mechanical breathing
• Placing of a catheter into the bladder to monitor urine output and frequently check the acidity (pH) of the urine
• Giving other medicines as needed to treat agitation, convulsions (seizures), or other complications of aspirin poisoning

• A person with serious symptoms may be admitted to an intensive care unit.
• If the overdose was intentional, psychiatric services should be provided.
• A person with minor symptoms such as ringing in the ears or nausea may be admitted to the hospital for further observation.

The following people, will likely be admitted to the hospital regardless of salicylate levels:

• Infants and elderly persons
• People with long-term salicylism
• People who ingested sustained-release products

• Psychiatric and medical follow-up may be recommended.
• Careful monitoring of medication will also be recommended.
• Tests to monitor kidney function may be done periodically after hospital discharge, especially in elderly people.

• Prescription medications should be used according to your doctor’s and pharmacist’s directions.
• Never take a medicine prescribed for someone else.
• To protect children from accidental drug overdose, all medications should be stored in containers with child-resistant caps. All medications should be out of sight and out of reach of children, preferably in a locked cabinet.
• Take suicidal threats seriously.
• Never give or take medication in the dark.
• Always tell the doctor of any previous side effects or adverse reactions to medication as well as any new or unusual symptoms that occur.
• Never take more than the recommended or prescribed dose of a medication.
• Inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking. Be sure to mention over-the-counter medications.

Recovery is likely if the proper treatment is given and the dose of aspirin taken is not too high.

With chronic aspirin poisoning outcomes are less predictable.

With acute aspirin poisoning, severity and outcome depend on many factors including the dose taken and the person’s body weight.

American Association of Poison Control Centers

aspirin poisoning, aspirin overdose, aspirin toxicity, salicylate poisoning, ASA, analgesic, acetylsalicylic acid, poisoning, drug overdose, medication overdose, signs of aspirin poisoning, signs of aspirin overdose

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TOP 10 Side Effects of Aspirin Use

Aspirin is perhaps the most commonly and longest used pain reliever and antipyretic in the world – for more than 100 years mankind has trusted it. But there are also spots on the Sun… What are the side effects of aspirin? Read our article.

Forewarned means you won’t get sick

Regardless of how long you use aspirin, there are certain side effects that can cause mild to serious health problems. If used incorrectly, even analgin could be harmful. We have selected the most frightening side effects of aspirin use: they may cause your at-risk patients to abandon this drug in favor of a safer NSAID for them.

1. GI PROBLEMS. Aspirin is a rather “corrosive” acid, the intake of which, even at the recommended dose, can cause, in addition to heartburn, nausea, vomiting and dyspepsia. Such symptoms are already a reason to see a doctor, since acetylsalicylic acid carries the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and the development of peptic ulcer.

An interesting and recent fact: Long-term aspirin leads to a lower risk of bleeding than short-term aspirin. Perhaps this is due to the fact that with short-term use, consumers are not particularly inclined to be careful with the dosage. However, many experts explain this paradox purely statistically, because patients who tolerate aspirin well continue to take it, while those who are subject to adverse effects quickly stop using salicylate – they fall into the sample.

2. HEPATOTOXICITY. Aspirin has undesirable side effects on the liver and may adversely affect the detoxification function of this organ. Several forms of liver damage by acetylsalicylic acid have been studied. So, its high doses lead to a marked increase in the level of aminotransferase in the blood serum, which is accompanied by jaundice or signs of liver dysfunction. And at lower doses, aspirin can damage the liver in children susceptible to this salicylate.

3. NEPHROTOXICITY. Regular use of aspirin can lead to the development of such a rare but dangerous pathology as analgesic nephropathy. It is characterized by necrosis of the renal papillae and inflammatory changes in the tubules and interstitial tissue. Analgesic nephropathy is not the last among the causes of chronic renal failure, since it often develops asymptomatically and, accordingly, remains without treatment.

4. HEMORRHAGES AND HEMORRHAGIC STROKE. Aspirin is known to be used to prevent heart attacks and strokes by preventing thrombosis. But its use can provoke another stroke, hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding in the brain.

Indications for the use of this drug for the prevention of ischemic strokes are not so clear. For example, the results of a recent and also large-scale study demonstrated that daily aspirin intake by healthy elderly people can … be harmful to health. And since millions take it just with the hope of improvement, the pharmacist should share this sensation with them. Many researchers today are talking about revising the standards for the use of acetylsalicylic acid for various indications, since even its short-term use can be fraught with problems.

5. ALLERGIC REACTIONS. Many people are hypersensitive to aspirin and can develop life-threatening allergic reactions. For the same reason, acetylsalicylic acid should not be taken by patients with asthma: it can act as a trigger. Asthma attacks caused by this drug are severe, sometimes even leading to death.

6. Gout attacks. Acetylsalicylic acid, used in low doses, can worsen the condition of people suffering from gout.

7. TINNITUS is a fairly common condition characterized by tinnitus or ringing that appears to be caused by regular aspirin use. This problem cannot be considered trifling, since it is fraught with irreversible hearing loss.

8. HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. As a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin may increase blood pressure levels. Patients with hypertension should only use it after consulting their doctor.

9. CNS SYMPTOMS. Regular use of aspirin causes drowsiness, confusion and dizziness in some people. Although these are not serious side effects, they should not be ignored as they are fraught with long-term consequences – the harmful effects of aspirin on the central nervous system accumulate.

10. REYE’S SYNDROME IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy, a formidable complication that can lead to death. Sometimes also accompanied by liver damage. Unfortunately, Reye’s syndrome (aka Reye’s syndrome) is still one of the underestimated risks of using aspirin in pediatrics, despite the fact that childhood has long been included in the list of contraindications to its use. At the same time, different sources indicate a different age limit for the appointment of this NSAID – 11, 12 or even 15 years. However, given the fact that mortality in Reye’s syndrome reaches 50%, it is better to focus on the last figure. Moreover, NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and paracetamol successfully cope with high fever and other symptoms of a cold: for the symptomatic treatment of colds, chickenpox or to relieve pain, it is better to choose them.

Additionally at risk…

Pregnant and lactating women should also not take this drug: aspirin is harmful to the fetus – it can cause heart problems in the unborn child, cause weight loss or cause other serious consequences. Therefore, future mothers should consult with their doctor regarding the old, but not very good aspirin.

Patients preparing for any, even minimal surgery, should avoid the use of this drug, as it has anticoagulant properties, and therefore can lead to dangerous bleeding during surgery.

Ludmila Shvarts

Vain hopes

New horizons for the use of aspirin – prevention of carcinogenesis. So, for the last 15-20 years, this NSAID has been considered by researchers as a kind of anticarcinogenic agent with a mysterious mechanism of action. The results of dozens of previous trials have shown that its administration allegedly provided a preventive effect against certain forms of cancer, however, purely statistically.

But the surprises don’t end there: other researchers are sure that aspirin… increases the risk of developing cancer. The authors of the latest work on this drug found an increase in mortality due to cancer in the aspirin-treated group. The authors believe that this phenomenon is due to the interaction of aspirin with the participants already had cancer at the preclinical stage, that is, undiagnosed.

To be fair, neither the studies showing the benefit of this NSAID nor the studies showing its harm have demonstrated any causal relationship. None of them clearly showed exactly how aspirin protects against cancer or, on the contrary, potentiates it – these are all statistical observations. So, it is too early to draw conclusions about its effect on malignant tumors.

Is it safe to take aspirin every day?

Aspirin – recommendations

If you take aspirin daily to prevent heart attacks and strokes, or for any type of inflammation, then you should be aware of the side effects that this drug can cause. At the same time, aspirin can be replaced with much safer natural remedies.

NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) can be dangerous, but for some reason, aspirin is still considered completely harmless. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the drug is designed to reduce the production of hormone-like substances that contribute to the development of inflammation and blood clotting.

However, many people who take aspirin regularly over a long period of time are not at risk for developing cardiovascular disease, and the drug can do more harm than good.

New medical advice began to include information about the potential dangers of low-dose aspirin. More recently, US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) , an independent disease prevention expert group, developed a new list of recommendations for aspirin use.

The changes are linked to the results of a new study showing that taking aspirin in small amounts (80-100 mg) to prevent cardiovascular disease has only a “slight” effect in middle-aged people.

Before you start taking aspirin regularly, it’s worth asking yourself and your doctor a few questions: Are you in the category of someone who needs to take aspirin daily to prevent a second heart attack or stroke? Can you fully assess the benefits and risks associated with taking this medicine?

Below we will talk in a little more detail about the side effects of aspirin and not only.

What is aspirin?

Aspirin was discovered in 1853, until 1897 it was used for medical purposes only in powder form. In 1915, the little white aspirin tablets were introduced that we still use today.

The active ingredient in aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, was originally isolated from the bark of the willow tree. Did you know that this same ingredient is found in beans, peas, jasmine and clover?

In ancient Egypt, willow bark was used to relieve pain long before the benefits of acetylsalicylic acid were discovered.

Other ingredients in aspirin include cornstarch, hypromellose, cellulose powder, triacetin (a thinner), and carnauba wax.

Taking aspirin regularly is recommended for three reasons:

• for pain and inflammation relief
• to prevent heart attack and stroke
• for fever control

The data show that aspirin may be indicated as a preventive therapy in people with a history of heart attack, chest pain, and ischemic stroke. Aspirin is also used to reduce the risk of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer.

The production of this drug has about 120 billion tablets per year, which makes it one of the most popular drugs in the world.

You might be wondering why so many people take aspirin regularly? The study suggests that regular aspirin intake is often recommended for men aged 45-79 and women aged 55-79 to prevent heart attacks and strokes.

Aspirin reduces prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that control the body’s inflammatory responses and processes such as blood movement and blood clots. Thus, the drug reduces the risk of heart attack and stroke, which are often the result of a blood clot in the coronary arteries or vessels.

Taking aspirin infrequently will not help to cope with this problem, but the daily use of the drug for a long time can cause many side effects and complications.

Is it safe to take aspirin every day?

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA ) does not recommend daily aspirin use to prevent heart attacks and strokes. However, in some cases, the risk of heart attack and stroke can be much greater than the risk of side effects associated with the use of aspirin.

But in any case, you need to discuss the consequences of taking this drug with your doctor.

Recent changes to USPSTF guidelines state that patients should only make a decision about aspirin after discussing the benefits and risks associated with the drug with their physician. The organization suggests that taking aspirin in small doses as a preventive measure for cardiovascular disease may adversely affect people of a certain age.

Taking aspirin daily as a preventive measure at 40-59 years of age may be of little benefit.

One study also suggests that a single use of the drug can be as effective as regular use.

For example, a 2016 study published in European Journal of Clinical Research analyzed the effects of regular and intermittent aspirin in preventing cardiovascular disease. The study included 1,720 pairs of patients who took daily or occasional aspirin from 1997 to 2000. Scientists recorded 25 cases of bleeding and 67 cases of stroke in volunteers who regularly took the drug, while in patients of the second group, the number of cases was 69 and 100, respectively.

At the same time, the researchers observed the development of cancer in the participants of the experiment. In those who periodically took aspirin, 32 cases of cancer were detected, in patients who constantly took the drug, 26 cases were recorded. The researchers concluded that long-term regular use of aspirin is not much more effective than intermittent use of the drug in preventing heart attack and stroke.

For those who take aspirin for prevention, there is something to think about. Is aspirin really necessary for your health? Will it do more harm than good?

Side effects of aspirin

1. Kidney failure

A study found that regular aspirin use can lead to kidney damage called “analgesic nephropathy.” Analgesic nephropathy is a form of chronic kidney failure that occurs with long-term regular use of analgesics such as aspirin.

Often this disease begins without visible symptoms, which leads to the development of severe kidney failure and the need for daily kidney dialysis.

A 2016 review published in Korean Journal of Family Medicine found that long-term high aspirin use may be associated with kidney failure. The data, however, has been mixed, as some studies have not shown a relationship between aspirin abuse and kidney damage. One study, however, found that the combination of paracetamol and aspirin resulted in more kidney toxicity than aspirin alone.

A study published in “ European Journal of Heart Failure ” found that the effects of aspirin on the kidneys are dose-dependent, with more than 80 mg of aspirin being associated with adverse effects, especially in patients with heart failure.

2. Liver failure

With regular use of aspirin, the drug is absorbed by the liver, which can lead to liver disease or liver failure. This is a very serious disease, as the liver helps to remove harmful substances from the body. Otherwise, if the liver does not work properly, intoxication occurs.

In 2014, a study conducted at the Georgetown University Hospital found that drug-induced liver damage occurs in an average of 10 out of 100,000 patients. Scientists claim that high doses of aspirin can have a hepatotoxic effect.

Thus, as a result of treatment with high doses of aspirin, a 41-year-old patient developed acute liver damage, which was eliminated by discontinuation of the drug. This case showed scientists that, despite the lack of information about the effect of aspirin on the liver, this drug can be dangerous in large quantities.

3. Ulcers

The American College of Gastroenterology states that regular aspirin use is the second most common cause of stomach ulcers. This drug causes irritation of the stomach lining and the formation of painful ulcers. Moreover, regular use of aspirin aggravates pre-existing ulcers and can cause complications such as bleeding and perforation of ulcers.

Research published in the Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare ” indicates that aspirin treatment is one of the main causes of deterioration in patients with gastrointestinal ulcers. Scientists have found that aspirin and Helicobacter pylori , a bacterium that affects the stomach, contribute significantly to their development.

4. Tinnitus and hearing loss

Ringing or noise in the ears is a symptom of impaired hearing sensation and damage to the nerves located near the ears. Ringing can be caused by excessive aspirin intake and indicate intoxication.

According to a systematic review conducted by Harvard Medical School, USA, among patients aged 45 to 79 years who regularly take aspirin, the likelihood of hearing loss is 13-68%.

Scientists have found that 1.95 grams of aspirin per day can significantly impair hearing. They also believe that the side effect is related to the dosage of the drug, and the condition can be improved by stopping the drug.

5. Hemorrhagic stroke

While many people take aspirin to thin their blood and prevent heart attack and stroke, this drug can actually make your condition worse in some cases. Sometimes strokes can be caused by bleeding in the brain. In this situation, taking aspirin can exacerbate the problem and lead to severe brain damage and even death.

Scientists from the University of Illinois, USA, suggest that “the cardiovascular benefits of aspirin should be considered along with the possible risks associated with taking this drug, the most serious of which is hemorrhagic stroke.”

Although studies suggest that the risk of hemorrhage associated with the use of aspirin is quite low (0.2 cases per 1,000 patients per year), it should still be mentioned in the list of side effects and taken into account when prescribing aspirin as a measure to prevent heart attacks. and strokes.

6. Reye’s syndrome

Reye’s syndrome is a deadly disease that affects the vital organs in children, mainly the brain and liver. The study showed that Reye’s syndrome is quite rare, but the probability of death is very high (about 30-40% of cases lead to death as a result of brain stem dysfunction).

This disorder typically occurs in children and adolescents recovering from the flu or chickenpox, with aspirin being associated with Reye’s syndrome.

Scientists believe that the drug may act as a concomitant factor in susceptible patients. For this reason, children and adolescents with viral infections should never take aspirin.

A study published in the journal “ Drug Safety ” suggests that the severity of the disease may depend on the dosage of aspirin. And in the case of taking aspirin during a viral infection, this drug, in principle, cannot be called safe.

Interaction with other drugs

If you take aspirin regularly, it is important to talk to your doctor about possible drug interactions with other drugs, vitamins, or supplements.

Aspirin may be affected by:

• arthritis drugs
• drugs for the treatment of symptoms of chronic gout
• preparations for normalizing blood pressure
• blood thinners and anti-clotting agents
• steroids
• anticonvulsants

Some people are more sensitive to the complications associated with long-term aspirin use. For this reason, they should not take this drug daily, especially in large amounts. The risk group for complications includes people who suffer from the following diseases:

• heart failure
• diseases of the kidneys and liver
• asthma
• stomach ulcers
• haemorrhage, bleeding disorder, thrombus formation
• uncontrolled hypertension
• diabetes

People who are allergic to aspirin or other NSAIDs and people with asthma with nasal polyps and rhinitis should never take aspirin. With an allergic reaction to aspirin, as a rule, a rash, swelling of the face, wheezing, and even anaphylactic shock appear.

It should also be avoided if you drink more than three alcoholic drinks per day. The medicine is not recommended for women during pregnancy and lactation without a doctor’s recommendation.

Dosage and application

Aspirin is taken for a number of reasons, including pain, swelling, and cardiovascular disease. It helps relieve pain from menstrual cramps, headaches, rheumatoid arthritis, and sprains.

The dosage of the drug varies from 50 mg to 6,000 mg per day. Taking a small amount of this medicine daily is generally recommended for vascular and heart disease, poor blood flow, high cholesterol and diabetes.

Smokers and those who have been diagnosed with a heart attack or thrombosis can also take a small amount of aspirin every day.

Natural alternative

1. Anti-inflammatory diet

If you are using aspirin to relieve swelling or inflammation, then keep in mind that this can be achieved in other, more natural and safer ways. The best place to start is with your diet.

Above all, avoid foods that cause inflammation, swelling, and pain: fast food, processed and packaged foods, foods containing artificial ingredients and added sugar, high levels of caffeine, and alcohol.

Instead, focus on healthy eating to help manage inflammation. Anti-inflammatory foods include:

• leafy greens and colored vegetables
• fruits, e.g. blueberries and pineapple
• healthy fats such as wild salmon and coconut oil
• bone broth
• nuts and seeds, e.g. walnuts, flax seeds and chia seeds
• high quality free-range meat and organic chicken
• anti-inflammatory spices such as ginger, cayenne and turmeric

2. Ginger

Did you know that ginger has anti-thrombotic properties? Regular consumption of ginger can actually prevent the occurrence of heart attack and stroke.

In addition, ginger is able to relieve pain and cope with inflammation. Gingerol, the most powerful healing substance in ginger, affects the receptors that are located on our nerve endings.

Research suggests that due to its ability to fight pain and inflammation, ginger is often used as part of natural therapy to treat degenerative diseases such as arthritis and rheumatism, as well as cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.

3. Turmeric

Research shows that turmeric may even be more effective than certain anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulants, and pain relievers. What’s more, turmeric doesn’t have any side effects unless consumed in too much quantity.

Research also suggests that the curcumin in turmeric has anti-thrombotic properties, and daily consumption of this spice may help thin the blood.

Scientists believe that turmeric extract can be used as a pain reliever. A meta-analysis published in the Journal of Medicinal Food found that 1,000 mg per day of curcumin was effective in relieving pain in patients with arthritis.

In fact, five studies showed no significant difference between the effectiveness of turmeric and pain relievers.

4. Cinnamon

Cinnamon can not only fight inflammation, but also promote heart health. Research suggests that the main benefit of cinnamon is its ability to reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

Scientists have found that cinnamon acts as a natural coagulant and can speed up the movement of blood. The spice promotes tissue repair and cell regeneration, which can help your body cope with a heart attack or stroke.

5. Methylsulfonylmethane

Methylsulfonylmethane ( MSM) is an adaptogen of plant origin that helps to cope with stress and recover from injuries, surgeries and physical exertion. Dietary supplements with MSM are often used to relieve chronic pain, muscle cramps, lower blood pressure, and relieve eye inflammation.

MSM fights inflammation with the sulfur it delivers to your body. Sulfur helps to restore muscle tissue cells. The study showed that MSM also helps to restore the flexibility and permeability of the cell walls inside the muscles, which speeds up their recovery.

6. Bromelain

This enzyme is present in pineapples and is often used to treat inflammation caused by diseases such as arthritis. Research suggests it could be used to relieve postoperative pain and swelling, joint pain, and sinus inflammation.

A study published in the journal Biomedical Reports ”, found that bromelain has anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. It effectively accelerates blood flow and strengthens the immune system.

7. Magnesium

Scientists have found that magnesium deficiency can lead to a range of problems, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, kidney and liver damage, muscle spasms, decreased immunity, and migraines.

Supplementing with magnesium will help maintain normal blood pressure and prevent hypertension. Research from the magazine “ Journal of Clinical Hypertension ” showed that heart diseases such as coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and cardiac arrhythmias can be prevented and treated by simply taking magnesium.

Conclusion

• Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve pain, inflammation and fever.
• Although daily aspirin is recommended for adult men and women to prevent heart attack and stroke, it is important to understand that there are risks involved. The most dangerous side effects of aspirin include liver and kidney damage, ulcers, hearing loss, hemorrhagic stroke, and Reye’s syndrome.
• Long-term use of aspirin can be especially dangerous for people with heart failure, liver and kidney disease, asthma, stomach ulcers, bleeding disorders, hypertension, and diabetes.
• Fortunately, there are natural, safer alternatives to aspirin that can help you avoid the side effects associated with taking this drug.