Ejaculating guys: Male Orgasm: Understanding the Male Climax

23.07.202319.07.2023 by alexxlab

Содержание

Normal male sexual function: emphasis on orgasm and ejaculation

1. Sheu G, Revenig LM, Hsiao W. Physiology of ejaculation. In: Mulhall JP, Hsiao W, editors. Men’s sexual health and fertility. Springer Science; New York: 2014. pp. 13–29. [Google Scholar]

2. Bella AJ, Shamloul R. Functional anatomy of the male sex organs. In: Mulhall JP, Incocci L, Goldstein I, Rosen R, editors. Cancer and sexual health. Springer Science; New York: 2011. pp. 3–12. [Google Scholar]

3. Meacham R, Lipshultz L, Howards S. Male infertility. In: Gillenwater JY, Grayhack JT, Howards S, Duckett JW, editors. Adult and pediatric urology. Mosby; St. Louis: 1996. pp. 1747–802. [Google Scholar]

4. Hinman F. Normal surgical anatomy. In: Thomas Thomas AJ, Nagler HN, editors. Atlas of surgical management of male infertility. William & Wilkins; New York: 1995. pp. 9–20. [Google Scholar]

5. Romanes G. The pelvis and perineum. In: Romanes G, Cunningham D, editors. Cunningham’s manual of practical anatomy. 13th ed Oxford University Press; London, UK: 1975. pp. 199–240. [Google Scholar]

6. Tang Y, Rampin O, Calas A, Facchinetti P, Giuliano F. Oxytocinergic and serotonergic innervation of identified lumbosacral nuclei controlling penile erection in the male rat. Neuroscience. 1998;82:241–54. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

7. Danjou P, Lacomblez L, Warot D, Puech AJ. Assessment of erectogenic drugs by numeric plethysmography. J Pharmacol Methods. 1989;21:61–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

8. Clark JT, Smith ER, Davidson JM. Testosterone is not required for the enhancement of sexual motivation by yohimbine. Physiol Behav. 1985;35:517–21. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

9. Andersson KE. Mechanisms of penile erection and basis for pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction. Pharmacol Rev. 2011;63:811–59. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

10. Lue TF, Zeineh SJ, Schmidt RA, Tanagho EA. Neuroanatomy of penile erection: its relevance to iatrogenic impotence. J Urol. 1984;131:273–80. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

11. Paick JS, Lee SW. The neural mechanism of apomorphine-induced erection: an experimental study by comparison with electrostimulation-induced erection in the rat model. J Urol. 1994;152(6 Pt 1):2125–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

12. Chapelle PA, Durand J, Lacert P. Penile erection following complete spinal cord injury in man. Br J Urol. 1980;52:216–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

13. Dean RC, Lue TF. Physiology of penile erection and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am. 2005;32:379–95. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

14. Courtois FJ, Charvier KF, Leriche A, Raymond DP. Sexual function in spinal cord injury men. I. Assessing sexual capability. Paraplegia. 1993;31:771–84. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

15. Sattar AA, Salpigidis G, Schulman CC, Wespes E. Relationship between intrapenile O2 lever and quantity of intracavernous smooth muscle fibers: current physiopathological concept. Acta Urol Belg. 1995;63:53–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

16. Prieto D. Physiological regulation of penile arteries and veins. Int J Impot Res. 2007;20:17–29. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

17. Andersson KE. Pharmacology of penile erection. Pharmacol Rev. 2001;53:417–50. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

18. Walsh MP. The Ayerst Award Lecture 1990. Calcium-dependent mechanisms of regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Biochem Cell Biol. 1991;69:771–800. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

19. Hurt KJ, Musicki B, Palese MA, Crone JK, Becker RE, Moriarity JL, et al. Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase mediates penile erection. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2002;99:4061–6. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

20. Levin R. Physiology of orgasm. In: Mulhall JP, Incocci L, Goldstein I, Rosen R, editors. Cancer and sexual health. Springer Science; New York: 2011. pp. 35–48. [Google Scholar]

21. Masters W, Johnson V. Human sexual response. Little Brown; Boston: 1966. [Google Scholar]

22. Levin R, editor. Heart rate responses can be used to differentiate simulated from real orgasms in the human male: a pilot study. Proceedings of the first conference on orgasm. VRP Publishers; Bombay: 1991. [Google Scholar]

23. Gerstenberg TC, Levin RJ, Wagner G. Erection and ejaculation in man—assessment of the electromyographic activity of the bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus muscles. Br J Urol. 1990;65:395–402. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

24. Levin R. Is prolactin the biological ‘off switch’ for human sexual arousal? Sex Relat Ther. 2003;18:289–343. [Google Scholar]

25. Holstege G, Georgiadis JR, Paans AM, Meiners LC, van der Graaf FH, Reinders AS. Brain activation during human ejaculation. J Neurosci. 2003;23:9185–93. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

26. Hite S. The Hite report on male sexuality. Ballantine Books; New York: 1981. [Google Scholar]

27. Perry JF. Do men have a G-spot? Aust Forum. 1988;2:37–41. [Google Scholar]

28. Levin R. Revisiting post-ejaculatory refractory time—what we know and what we do not know in males and females. J Sex Med. 2009;6:2376–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

29. Turley KR, Rowland DL. Evolving ideas about the male refractory period. BJU Int. 2013;112:442–52. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

30. Giuliano F, Clement P. Physiology of ejaculation: emphasis on serotonergic control. Eur Urol. 2005;48:408–17. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

31. Master VA, Turek PJ. Ejaculatory physiology and dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am. 2001;28:363–75. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

32. Schlegel PN, Walsh PC. Neuroanatomical approach to radical cystoprostatectomy with preservation of sexual function. J Urol. 1987;16:46–60. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

33. Keast JR. Pelvic ganglia. In: McLahlan EM, editor. Autonomic ganglia. Harwood Academic; Luxemberg: 1995. pp. 445–79. [Google Scholar]

34. Dail WG, Moll MA. Localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in penile erectile tissue and in the major pelvic ganglion of the rat. Neuroscience. 1983;10:1379–86. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

35. Brindley GS, Sauerwein D, Hendry WF. Hypogastric plexus stimulators for obtaining semen from paraplegic men. Br J Urol. 1989;64:72–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

36. Ver Voort SM. Ejaculatory stimulation in spinal-cord injured men. Urology. 1987;29:282–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

37. Comarr A. Sexual function among patients with spinal cord injury. Urol Int. 1970;25:134–68. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

38. McKenna KE, Chung SK, McVary KT. A model for the study of sexual function in anesthetized male and female rats. Am J Physiol. 1991;261:R1276–85. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

39. Bergman B, Nilsson S, Petersen I. The effect on erection and orgasm of cystectomy, prostatectomy and vesiculectomy for cancer of the bladder: a clinical and electromyographic study. Br J Urol. 1979;51:114–20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

40. Holmes GM, Sachs BD. The ejaculatory reflex in copulating rats: normal bulbospongiosus activity without apparent urethral stimulation. Neurosci Lett. 1991;125:195–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

41. Truitt WA, Coolen LM. Identification of a potential ejaculation generator in the spinal cord. Science. 2002;297:1566–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

42. Nunez R, Gross GH, Sachs BD. Origin and central projections of rat dorsal penile nerve: possible direct projection to autonomic and somatic neurons by primary afferents of nonmuscle origin. J Comp Neurol. 1986;247:417–29. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

43. Halata Z, Munger BL. The neuroanatomical basis for the protopathic sensibility of the human glans penis. Brain Res. 1986;371:205–30. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

44. Baron R, Janig W. Afferent and sympathetic neurons projecting into lumbar visceral nerves of the male rat. J Comp Neurol. 1991;314:429–36. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

45. McKenna KE, Nadelhaft I. The organization of the pudendal nerve in the male and female rat. J Comp Neurol. 1986;248:532–49. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

46. Clement P, Giuliano F. Physiology of ejaculation. In: Mulhall JP, Incrocci L, Goldstein I, editors. Cancer and sexual health. Springer Science; New York: 2011. pp. 77–89. [Google Scholar]

47. Morgan C, de Groat WC, Nadelhaft I. The spinal distribution of sympathetic preganglionic and visceral primary afferent neurons that send axons into the hypogastric nerves of the cat. J Comp Neurol. 1986;243:23–40. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

48. Owman C, Stjernquist M. The peripheral nervous system. In: Bjorklund A, Hokfelt T, Owman C, editors. Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy. Elsevier Science; Amsterdam, The Netherlands: 1988. pp. 445–544. [Google Scholar]

49. Nadelhaft I, Booth AM. The location and morphology of preganglionic neurons and the distribution of visceral afferents from the rat pelvic nerve: a horseradish peroxidase study. J Comp Neurol. 1984;226:238–45. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

50. Schroder HD. Anatomical and pathoanatomical studies on the spinal efferent systems innervating pelvic structures. 1. Organization of spinal nuclei in animals. 2. The nucleus X-pelvic motor system in man. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1985;14:23–48. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

51. Coolen LM, Veening JG, Wells AB, Shipley MT. Afferent connections of the parvocellular subparafascicular thalamic nucleus in the rat: evidence for functional subdivisions. J Comp Neurol. 2003;463:132–56. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

52. Borgdorff AJ, Bernabé J, Denys P, Alexandre L, Giuliano F. Ejaculation elicited by microstimulation of lumbar spinothalamic neurons. Eur Urol. 2008;54:449–56. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

53. Hamson DK, Watson NV. Regional brainstem expression of Fos associated with sexual behavior in male rats. Brain Res. 2004;1006:233–40. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

54. Heeb MM, Yahr P. Anatomical and functional connections among cell groups in the gerbil brain that are activated with ejaculation. J Comp Neurol. 2001;439:248–58. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

55. Coolen LM, Peters HJ, Veening JG. Anatomical interrelationships of the medial preoptic area and other brain regions activated following male sexual behavior: a combined fos and tract-tracing study. J Comp Neurol. 1998;397:421–35. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

56. Kollack-Walker S, Newman SW. Mating-induced expression of c-fos in the male Syrian hamster brain: role of experience, pheromones, and ejaculations. J Neurobiol. 1997;32:481–501. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

57. Borgdorff AJ, Bernabé J, Denys P, Alexandre L, Giuliano F. Demonstration of ejaculation-induced neural activity in the male rat brain using 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT. Physiol Behav. 1997;62:881–91. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

58. Meisel R, Sachs B. The physiology of male sexual behavior. In: Knobil E, Neill J, editors. The physiology of reproduction. Raven; New York: 1994. pp. 3–105. [Google Scholar]

59. Pehek EA, Thompson JT, Hull EM. The effects of intracranial administration of the dopamine agonist apomorphine on penile reflexes and seminal emission in the rat. Brain Res. 1989;500:325–32. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

60. Hull EM, Eaton RC, Markowski VP, Moses J, Lumley LA, Loucks JA. Opposite influence of medial preoptic D1 and D2 receptors on genital reflexes: implications for copulation. Life Sci. 1992;51:1705–13. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

61. Marson L, McKenna KE. Stimulation of the hypothalamus initiates the urethrogenital reflex in male rats. Brain Res. 1994;638:103–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

62. Larsson K, van Dis H. Seminal discharge following intracranial electrical stimulation. Brain Res. 1970;23:381–6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

63. Arendash GW, Gorski RA. Effects of discrete lesions of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area or other medial preoptic regions on the sexual behavior of male rats. Brain Res Bull. 1983;10:147–54. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

64. Simerly RB, Swanson LW. Projections of the medial preoptic nucleus: a Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin anterograde tract-tracing study in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 1988;270:209–42. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

65. Rizvi TA, Ennis M, Shipley MT. Reciprocal connections between the medial preoptic area and the midbrain periaqueductal gray in rat: A WGA-HRP and PHA-L study. J Comp Neurol. 1992;315:1–15. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

66. Murphy AZ, Rizvi TA, Ennis M, Shipley MT. The organization of preoptic medullary circuits in the male rat: evidence for interconnectivity of neural structures involved in reproductive behavior, antinociception and cardiovascular regulation. Neuroscience. 1999;91:1103–16. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

67. Saper CB, Loewy AD, Swanson LW, Cowan WM. Direct hypothalamo-autonomic connections. Brain Res. 1976;117:305–12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

68. Luiten PG, Ter Horst GJ, Karst H, Steffens AB. The course of paraventricular hypothalamic efferents to autonomic structures in medulla and spinal cord. Brain Res. 1985;329:374–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

69. Bancila M, Verge D, Rampin O, Backstrom JR, Sanders-Bush E, McKenna KE, et al. 5-Hydroxytryptamine2C receptors on spinal neurons controlling penile erection in the rat. Neuroscience. 1999;92:1523–37. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

70. Ackerman AE, Lange GM, Clemens LG. Effects of paraventricular lesions on sex behavior and seminal emission in male rats. Physiol Behav. 1997;63:49–53. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

71. Yasui Y, Saper CB, Cechetto DF. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactive projections from the thalamus to the striatum and amygdala in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 1991;308:293–310. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

72. Canteras NS, Simerly RB, Swanson LW. Organization of projections from the medial nucleus of the amygdala: a PHAL study in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 1995;360:213–45. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

73. Marson L, McKenna KE. A role for 5-hydroxytryptamine in descending inhibition of spinal sexual reflexes. Exp Brain Res. 1990;88:313–20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

74. Marson L, McKenna KE. The identification of a brainstem site controlling spinal sexual reflexes in male rats. Brain Res. 1990;515:303–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

75. Marson L. Lesions of the periaqueductal gray block the medial preoptic area-induced activation of the urethrogenital reflex in male rats. Neurosci Lett. 2004;367:278–82. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

76. Hull EM, Muschamp JW, Sato S. Dopamine and serotonin: influences on male sexual behavior. Physiol Behav. 2004;83:291–307. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

77. Peeters M, Giuliano F. Central neurophysiology and dopaminergic control of ejaculation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2007;32:438–53. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

78. Ferrari F, Giuliani D. The selective D2 dopamine receptor antagonist eticlopride counteracts the ejaculatio praecox induced by the selective D2 dopamine agonist SND 919 in the rat. Life Sci. 1994;55:1155–62. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

79. Ferrari F, Giuliani D. Sexual attraction and copulation in male rats: effects of the dopamine agonist SND 919. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1995;50:29–34. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

80. Clément P, Bernabé J, Kia HK, Alexandre L, Giuliano F. D2-like receptors mediate the expulsion phase of ejaculation elicited by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino) tetralin in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006;316:830–4. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

81. Stafford SA, Coote JH. Activation of D2-like receptors induces sympathetic climactic-like responses in male and female anaesthetised rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2006;148:510–6. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

82. Ferrari F, Giuliani D. Behavioral effects induced by the dopamine D3 agonist 7-OH-DPAT in sexually-active and -inactive male rats. Neuropharmacology. 1996;35:279–84. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

83. Ahlenius S, Larsson K. Effects of the dopamine D3 receptor ligand 7-OH-DPAT on male rat ejaculatory behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1995;51:545–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

84. Clement P, Bernabe J, Denys P, Alexandre L, Giuliano F. Ejaculation induced by i.c.v. injection of the preferential dopamine D(3) receptor agonist 7-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin in anesthetized rats. Neuroscience. 2007;145:605–10. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

85. Kitrey ND, Clément P, Bernabé J, Alexandre L, Giuliano F. Microinjection of the preferential dopamine receptor D3 agonist 7-OH-DPAT into the hypothalamic medial preoptic area induced ejaculation in anesthetized rats. Neuroscience. 2007;149:636–41. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

86. Clément P, Pozzato C, Heidbreder C, Alexandre L, Giuliano F, Melotto S. Delay of ejaculation induced by SB-277011, a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, in the rat. J Sex Med. 2009;6:98–108. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

87. Giuliano F. 5-hydroxytryptamine in premature ejaculation: opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Trends Neurosci. 2007;30:79–84. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

88. Clément P, Bernabé J, Gengo P, Denys P, Laurin M, Alexandre L, et al. Supraspinal site of action for the inhibition of ejaculatory reflex by dapoxetine. Eur Urol. 2007;51:825–32. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

89. Stafford SA, Bowery NG, Tang K, Coote JH. Activation by p-chloroamphetamine of the spinal ejaculatory pattern generator in anaesthetized male rats. Neuroscience. 2006;140:1031–40. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

90. Giuliano F, Clement P. Serotonin and premature ejaculation: from physiology to patient management. Eur Urol. 2006;50:454–66. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

91. Sato Y, Zhao W, Christ GJ. Central modulation of the NO/cGMP pathway affects the MPOAinduced intracavernous pressure response. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Com Physiol. 2001;281:R269–78. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

92. Hull EM, Lumley LA, Matuszewich L, Dominguez J, Moses J, Lorrain DS. The roles of nitric oxide in sexual function of male rats. Neuropharmacology. 1994;33:1499–504. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

93. Dixon JS, Jen PY. Development of nerves containing nitric oxide synthase in the human male urogenital organs. Br J Urol. 1995;76:719–25. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

94. Hedlund P, Ekström P, Larsson B, Alm P, Andersson KE. Heme oxygen-ase and NO-synthase in the human prostate—relation to adrenergic, cholinergic and peptide-containing nerves. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1997;63:115–26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

95. Jen PY, Dixon JS, Gosling JA. Co-localization of nitric oxide synthase, neuropeptides and tyrosine hydroxylase in nerves supplying the human postnatal vas deferens and seminal vesicle. Br J Urol. 1997;80:291–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

96. Kaminski HJ, Andrade FH. Nitric oxide: biologic effects on muscle and role in muscle diseases. Neuromuscul Disord. 2001;11:517–24. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

97. Ückert S, Bazrafshan S, Scheller F, Mayer ME, Jonas U, Stief CG. Functional responses of isolated human seminal vesicle tissue to selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Urology. 2007;70:185–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

98. Bultmann R, Klebroff W, Starke K. Nucleotide-evoked relaxation of rat vas deferens: possible mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;436:135–43. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

99. Kato K, Furuya K, Tsutsui I, Ozaki T, Yamagishi S. Cyclic AMP-mediated inhibition of noradrenaline-induced contraction and Ca2+ in flux in guinea-pig vas deferens. Exp Physiol. 2000;85:387–98. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

100. Bialy M, Beck J, Abramczyk P, Trzebskj A, Przybylski J. Sexual behavior in male rats after nitric oxide synthesis inhibition. Physiol Behav. 1996;60:139–43. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

101. Kriegsfeld LJ, Demas GE, Huang PL, Burnett AL, Nelson RJ. Ejaculatory abnormalities in mice lacking the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) Physiol Behav. 1999;67:561–6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

102. Corona G, Jannini EA, Vignozzi L, Rastrelli G, Maggi M. The hormonal control of ejaculation. Nat Rev Urol. 2012;9:508–19. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

103. Maggi M, Kassis S, Malozowski S. Identification and characterization of a vasopressin isoreceptor in porcine seminal vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1986;83:8824–8. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

104. Filippi S, Vannelli GB, Granchi S. Identification, localization and functional activity of oxytocin receptors in epididymis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002;193:89–100. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

105. Nicholson HD, Parkinson TJ, Lapwood KR. Effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on sperm transport from the cauda epididymis in sheep. J Reprod Fertil. 1999;117:299–305. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

106. Einspanier A, Ivell R. Oxytocin and oxytocin receptor expression in reproductive tissues of the male marmoset monkey. Biol Reprod. 1997;56:416–22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

107. Arletti R, Bazzani C, Castelli M. Oxytocin improves male copulatory performance in rats. Horm Bev. 1985;19:14–20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

108. Argiolas A, Collu M, d’Aquila P, Gessa GL, Melis MR, Serra G. Apomorphine stimulation of male copulatory behavior is prevented by the oxytocin antagonist d(Ch3)5Tyr(Me)-Orn8-vasotocin in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1988;33:81–3. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

109. Ishak WW, Berman DS, Peters A. Male anorgasmia treated with oxytocin. J Sex Med. 2008;5:1022–4. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

110. Burri A, Heinrichs M, Schedlowski M, Kruger TH. The acute effects of intra-nasal oxytocin administration on endocrine and sexual function in males. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008;33:591–600. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

111. Buvat J. Hyperprolactinemia and sexual function in men: a short review. Int J Impot Res. 2003;15:373–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

112. Exton MS, Krüger TH, Koch M, Paulson E, Knapp W, Hartmann U, et al. Coitus-induced orgasm stimulates prolactin secretion in healthy subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2001;26:31–44. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

113. Corona G, Mannucci E, Jannini EA, Lotti F, Ricca V, Monami M, et al. Hypoprolactinemia: a new clinical syndrome in patients with sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2009;6:1457–66. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

114. Carani C, Isidori AM, Granata A, Carosa E, Maggi M, Lenzi A, et al. Multicenter study on the prevalence of sexual symptoms in male hypo- and hyperthyroid patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:6472–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

115. Corona G, Mannucci E, Petrone L, Fisher AD, Balercia G, Scisciolo G, et al. Psychobiological correlates of delayed ejaculation in male patients with sexual dysfunctions. J Androl. 2006;27:453–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

116. Cihan A, Demir O, Demir T, Aslan G, Comlekci A, Esen A. The relationship between premature ejaculation and hyperthyroidism. J Urol. 2009;181:1273–80. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

117. Cihan A, Demir O, Demir T, Aslan G, Comlekci A, Esen A. Investigation of the neural target level of hyperthyroidism in premature ejaculation in a rat model of pharmacologically induced ejaculation. J Sex Med. 2011;8:90–6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

118. Corona G, Ricca V, Bandini E, Rastrelli G, Casale H, Jannini E, et al. SIEDY Scale 3, a new instrument to detect psychological component in subjects with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2012;9:2017–26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

119. Öztürk MI, Koca O, Tüken M, Keleş MO, Ilktac A, Karaman MI. Hormonal evaluation in premature ejaculation. Urol Int. 2011;88:454–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

120. Waldinger MD, Zwinderman AH, Olivier B, Schweitzer DH. Thyroid-stimulating hormone assessments in a Dutch cohort of 620 men with lifelong premature ejaculation without erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2005;2:865–70. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

121. Rabb MH, Thompson DL, Barry BE, Colborn DR, Garza F, Hehnke KE. Effects of sexual stimulation, with and without ejaculation, on serum concentrations of, LH, FSH, testosterone, cortisol and prolactin in stallions. J Anim Sci. 1989;67:2724–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

122. Borg KE, Esbenshade KL, Johnson BH. Cortisol, growth hormone, and testosterone concentrations during mating behavior in the bull and boar. J Anim Sci. 1991;69:3230–40. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

123. Bishop JD, Malven PV, Singleton WL, Weesner GD. Hormonal and behavioural correlates of emotional states in sexually trained boars. J Anim Sci. 1999;77:3339–45. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

124. Veronesi MC, Tosi U, Villani M, Govoni N, Faustini M, Kindahl H, et al. Oxytocin, vasopressin, prostaglandin F(2α), luteinizing hormone, testosterone, estrone sulfate, and cortisol plasma concentrations after sexual stimulation in stallions. Theriogenology. 2010;73:460–7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

125. Veronesi MC, de Amicis I, Panzani S, Kindahl H, Govoni N, Probo M, et al. PGF(2α), LH, testosterone, oestrone sulphate, and cortisol plasma concentrations around sexual stimulation in jackass. Theriogenology. 2011;75:1489–98. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

126. Wildt DE, Phillips LG, Simmons LG, Chakraborty PK, Brown JL, Howard JG, et al. A comparative analysis of ejaculate and hormonal characteristics of the captive male cheetah, tiger, leopard, and puma. Biol Reprod. 1988;38:245–55. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

127. Brown JL, Wildt DE, Phillips LG, Seidensticker J, Fernando SB, Miththapala S, et al. Adrenal–pituitary–gonadal relationships and ejaculate characteristics in captive leopards (Panthera pardus kotiya) isolated on the island of Sri Lanka. J Reprod Fertil. 1989;85:605–13. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

128. Carani C, Bancroft J, Del Rio G, Granata ARM, Facchinetti F, Marrama P. The endocrine effects of visual erotic stimuli in normal men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1990;15:207–16. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

129. Krüger T, Exton MS, Pawlak C, von zur Mühlen A, Hartmann U, Schedlowski M. Neuroendocrine and cardiovascular response to sexual arousal and orgasm in men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998;23:401–11. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

130. Exton NG, Truong TC, Exton MS, Wingenfeld SA, Leygraf N, Saller B, et al. Neuroendocrine response to film-induced sexual arousal in men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2000;25:187–99. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

131. Ismail AA, Davidson DW, Loraine JA. Relationship between plasma cortisol and human sexual activity. Nature. 1972;237:288–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

132. Valassi E, Santos A, Yaneva M, Tóth M, Strasburger CJ, Chanson P, et al. The European Registry on Cushing’s syndrome: 2-year experience. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. J Endocrinol. 2011;165:383–92. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

133. Granata A, Tirabassi G, Pugni V, Arnaldi G, Boscaro M, Carani C, et al. Sexual dysfunctions in men affected by autoimmune addison’s disease before and after short-term gluco- and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy. J Sex Med. 2013;10:2036–43. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

134. Vignozzi L, Filippi S, Morelli A, Luconi M, Jannini E, Forti G, et al. Regulation of epididymal contractility during semen emission, the first part of the ejaculatory process: a role for estrogen. J Sex Med. 2008;5:2480. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

135. Hess RA. Estrogen in the adult male reproductive tract: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2003;1:52–66. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

136. Rowe P, Comhaire F. WHO manual for the standardized investigation, diagnosis and management of the infertile male. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge: 2000. [Google Scholar]

137. Finkelstein JS, Lee H, Burnett-Bowie SAM, Pallais JC, Yu EW, Borges LF, et al. Gonadal steroids and body composition, strength, and sexual function in men. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1011–22. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

138. Corona G, Maggi M. The role of testosterone in erectile dysfunction. Nat Rev Urol. 2010;7:46–56. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

139. Morelli A, Filippi S, Mancina R, Luconi M, Vignozzi L, Marini M, et al. Androgens regulate phosphodiesterase type 5 expression and functional activity in corpora cavernosa. Endocrinology. 2004;145:2253–63. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

140. Swaab DF. Sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;21:431–44. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

141. Kicman AT. Pharmacology of anabolic steroids. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154:502–21. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Premature ejaculation – Better Health Channel

Actions for this page

Summary

Read the full fact sheet

Premature ejaculation is the most common sexual problem in in the world.
Occasionally losing control is normal. Most men orgasm sooner than they would like from time to time.
There is a variety of treatments to choose from, including exercises, therapy and medications.

Premature ejaculation is the most common sexual problem in in the world.

Most men orgasm sooner than they would like from time to time; that’s normal. If you ejaculate too quickly most of the times you have sex, and it’s a problem for you and your partner, there’s treatments that can help.

Some men ejaculate as soon as foreplay starts. Others ejaculate during penetration or very soon after.

Some men will have premature ejaculation from the time of their first sexual experience (lifelong), while in others, it will develop after a period of having a longer, satisfactory time to ejacualtion (acquired).

Causes of premature ejaculation

Genetic causes related to the molecules that signal between nerves
Psychological causes (e.g. anxiety, stress, relationship problems)
Other health problems (e. g. abnormal hormone levels)

One-third to one-quarter of men with premature ejaculation also have problems with getting or keeping an erection.

Treatment for premature ejaculation

Seeking help for premature ejaculation from a GP (doctor) or sex therapist is a good idea.

Treatments for premature ejaculation vary depending on the cause and whether it is lifelong or acquired.

Treatments include:

‘The stop-start technique’. If you feel close to ejaculating during sexual activity, stop and rest until the feeling has gone, and then start again.
‘The squeeze technique’. If you feel close to ejaculating, squeezing your penis just below the glans (the ‘head’ of the penis) can make the feeling go away
Acupuncture or pelvic floor exercises
Masturbation before sex
Reducing sensitivity of your penis (e.g. wearing a condom)
Medication (e.g. antidepressants can slow the time to ejaculation)
Treatment of the underlying problem (e. g. medication for erectile dysfunction, hormone treatment)

Where to get help

Your doctor (GP)
Sex therapist

Premature ejaculationExternal Link, 2018, Healthymale.

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved
by:

Give feedback about this page

Was this page helpful?

More information

Content disclaimer

Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website.

Reviewed on: 06-12-2022

Guys ejaculate girls on tongue from blowjob with handjob

25:37 1k

Brunette Kristina Rose gets pounded hard in ass and mouth doggy style

Stockings, Anal, Big ass, Hairy, Brunette

HD 7:00 1.3k

Skinny guy fucks two slim beauties in different positions

Big ass, Threesome, Blonde, Brunette, FFM

HD 5:05 1. 5k

Busty model gives gentle blowjob to her man

Mature, Sucking, Big tits, Big natural tits, Blonde

11:14 1.2k

Mistress sat on the face of her slave

Big ass, Mom, Big tits, ass_licking, Cum
21:18 1.7k

Mature Sara gives a skillful blowjob, deftly wielding her tongue, jiggling her ass while a man cums on her

Sucking, Big ass, Bbw, Big tits, Oiled

15:58 1.9k

Chubby gets fucked and ends in pussy

Mature, Chubby, Interracial, Mom, Big tits
7:00 792

Ohrinnik fucks a young slut in handcuffs near a tree

Young, Sucking, Deepthroat, Brunette, bdsm
HD 10:11 1. 5k

Young actress at the casting got her pussy filled with cum

Casting, Beauty, Young, Sucking, Sperm
HD 13:09 1.4k

Ivana Sugar sunbathing in a bikini and gets fucked in the ass

Young, Sucking, Anal, Anal teen, Cum

HD 4:53 1.7k

Two secretaries with big boobs give blowjob to horny boss

Blowjob, Mom, Cum, Blonde, Group sex

HD 5:04 1.3k

Brunette gives a guy a blowjob in the car, and he cums in her mouth

Young, Sucking, Cum, Brunette, Car

4:31 1.1k

Fucked girlfriend in the mouth with a big dick

Homemade, Sucking, Wife, Redhead, Sperm

Porn %d0%bd%d0%b8, watch sex videos for free on Gig Porn

Gig porn offers free online viewing of xxx porn videos d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b8 in good HD quality and without registration. You can download %d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bd%d1%87%d0%b0%d1%8e%d1%89 for free%d0%b8%d0%b5 %d0%bf%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b8 sex video on phone in 3gp or hd 720p mp4 format with gigporno without paid subscriptions and without sms codes.

31:02

Busty blonde only looks so exemplary but when night falls she goes to the basement where her tied lover sits and freeing him hot slut fucks him in the pussy

Preview

35:08

Arriving on vacation from the university, the blonde found her mommy in the bedroom hotly fucking with some man, he turned out to be her new stepfather, and when the mother fell asleep, the bitch snuck into their bedroom to find out if he really was such a fucker as she thought and the man fucked the slut and finished in her mouth

Preview

1:01:28

sexy sluts dudes get anal fucked in sync

preview

11:16
HD

The porn agent’s cum was the first male vaginal juice for a young girl

5:19

A young amateur couple write their video in the back seat of a car

10:01

Drunk young student ended up in bed with boyfriend

10:51

Lover put busty mature housewife to bed and fuck her in the ass

5:30HD

The pikaper picked up a juicy girl on the street and set her up for a good fuck on the couch