What are the symptoms of swollen lymph nodes? What are the causes of swollen lymph nodes? Find out the answers to these questions and more in this comprehensive article.

Understanding Swollen Lymph Nodes

Swollen lymph nodes, also known as lymphadenopathy, are a common condition that occurs when the lymph nodes become enlarged, often as a result of an infection or other underlying condition. Lymph nodes play a vital role in the body’s immune system, acting as filters that trap viruses, bacteria, and other harmful substances before they can infect other parts of the body.

Common Areas of Swollen Lymph Nodes

Swollen lymph nodes can occur in various parts of the body, but some of the most common areas where they are noticed include the neck, under the chin, in the armpits, and in the groin. These lymph node groups drain specific regions of the body, and the location of the swelling can often provide clues about the underlying cause.

Symptoms of Swollen Lymph Nodes

When lymph nodes become swollen, they may exhibit several symptoms, including:

• Tenderness and pain in the affected lymph nodes
• Swelling that can range in size from a pea to a kidney bean, or even larger
• Accompanying symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, fever, and other signs of an upper respiratory infection
• General swelling of lymph nodes throughout the body, which may indicate an infection or an immune system disorder
• Hard, fixed, and rapidly growing lymph nodes, which can be a sign of cancer or lymphoma
• Fever and night sweats

Causes of Swollen Lymph Nodes

The most common cause of swollen lymph nodes is an infection, particularly a viral infection such as the common cold. Other potential causes include:

1. Common infections:
   • Strep throat
   • Measles
   • Ear infections
   • Infected (abscessed) tooth
   • Mononucleosis
   • Skin or wound infections, such as cellulitis
   • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) — the virus that causes AIDS
2. Uncommon infections:
   • Tuberculosis
   • Certain sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis
   • Toxoplasmosis — a parasitic infection resulting from contact with the feces of an infected cat or eating undercooked meat
   • Cat scratch fever — a bacterial infection from a cat scratch or bite
3. Immune system disorders:
   • Lupus — a chronic inflammatory disease that targets various parts of the body
   • Rheumatoid arthritis — a chronic inflammatory disease targeting the joints
4. Cancers:
   • Lymphoma — cancer that originates in the lymphatic system
   • Leukemia — cancer of the blood-forming tissue, including the bone marrow and lymphatic system
   • Other cancers that have spread to the lymph nodes
5. Certain medications, such as the anti-seizure medication phenytoin (Dilantin) and preventive medications for malaria

When to See a Doctor

Most swollen lymph nodes will return to normal size as the underlying condition, such as a minor infection, improves. However, you should see a doctor if:

• The swollen lymph nodes appear for no apparent reason
• The swollen lymph nodes continue to enlarge or have been present for two to four weeks
• The lymph nodes feel hard or rubbery, or do not move when you push on them
• The swollen lymph nodes are accompanied by a persistent fever, night sweats, or unexplained weight loss

Seek immediate medical care if you are having difficulty swallowing or breathing.

Complications of Swollen Lymph Nodes

If the underlying infection causing the swollen lymph nodes is not treated, an abscess may form. An abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by an infection. Pus contains fluid, white blood cells, dead tissue, and other substances. Without proper treatment, an abscess can lead to more serious complications.

Conclusion

Swollen lymph nodes are a common condition that can have a variety of causes, ranging from minor infections to more serious underlying conditions. Understanding the symptoms and causes of swollen lymph nodes can help you recognize when it’s time to seek medical attention. If you have persistent or concerning swelling, don’t hesitate to consult with your healthcare provider.