Can essential oils effectively manage multiple sclerosis symptoms. How do essential oils work for MS patients. What are the potential benefits and risks of using essential oils for MS. Which essential oils are most promising for MS symptom relief. Are essential oils a safe alternative treatment for multiple sclerosis.

Understanding Essential Oils and Their Potential for MS Management

Essential oils have gained popularity as natural remedies for various health conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). These concentrated plant extracts are believed to capture the essence and therapeutic properties of their source plants. While scientific evidence supporting their use in MS treatment is limited, some studies suggest potential benefits for managing specific symptoms associated with the condition.

Common Essential Oils and Their Properties

• Chamomile: Known for its calming effects
• Jasmine: Often used to boost mood and reduce stress
• Lavender: Widely recognized for promoting relaxation and sleep
• Lemon: Associated with energizing and uplifting properties
• Peppermint: Often used for pain relief and mental clarity
• Rose: Believed to have mood-enhancing and stress-reducing effects
• Sandalwood: Known for its grounding and calming properties
• Tea tree: Valued for its antimicrobial and skin-healing qualities

These essential oils are typically used in aromatherapy, a form of complementary or alternative medicine with ancient roots in Asian and Mediterranean cultures. While the scientific community continues to investigate their efficacy, many individuals with MS report positive experiences with essential oils in managing their symptoms.

The Science Behind Essential Oils and Multiple Sclerosis

Research on the direct effects of essential oils on multiple sclerosis is limited. However, studies have explored their potential benefits for managing various symptoms commonly associated with MS. Understanding the current state of scientific evidence is crucial for making informed decisions about incorporating essential oils into an MS management plan.

Cognitive Function and Memory

A study published in the Journal of Medicine and Life in 2021 investigated the effects of lavender essential oil on working memory in women with multiple sclerosis. The results suggested improvements in memory function, although the study was small and requires further validation through larger, higher-quality trials.

Anxiety and Depression

Many essential oils, including chamomile, jasmine, lavender, rose, and sandalwood, are believed to have calming and mood-boosting properties. A 2017 study published in Nursing in Critical Care found that lavender aromatherapy improved sleep quality and reduced anxiety in patients with coronary artery disease. While this study did not specifically focus on MS patients, it highlights the potential of essential oils in addressing common comorbidities associated with the condition.

Pain Management

Pain is a prevalent symptom in MS patients. A review published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2017 examined the potential of various essential oils, including peppermint, lavender, frankincense, and vanilla, in pain management. The review suggested therapeutic potential for these oils in addressing various pain conditions, although most studies were conducted on animal models rather than human subjects.

Mechanisms of Action: How Essential Oils May Affect MS Symptoms

Essential oils are primarily used through inhalation or topical application. When inhaled, the aromatic compounds in these oils are believed to stimulate areas of the limbic system, the part of the brain responsible for regulating mood, breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. This interaction with the limbic system is thought to be the basis for many of the reported therapeutic effects of essential oils.

When applied topically, essential oils are typically diluted with a carrier oil to prevent skin irritation. Some of the active compounds in the oils may be absorbed through the skin, potentially exerting localized effects or entering the bloodstream for more systemic action.

Olfactory Stimulation and Neurological Effects

The olfactory system, responsible for our sense of smell, has direct connections to the limbic system and other areas of the brain. When essential oil molecules are inhaled, they can trigger responses in these brain regions, potentially influencing mood, cognition, and even physiological processes. This mechanism may explain why some individuals with MS report improvements in symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive function when using aromatherapy.

Potential Benefits of Essential Oils for MS Symptom Management

While more research is needed to establish definitive benefits, many individuals with MS report positive experiences with essential oils in managing their symptoms. Some potential benefits that have been suggested by preliminary research and anecdotal evidence include:

• Reduced fatigue and improved energy levels
• Decreased anxiety and stress
• Improved sleep quality
• Enhanced cognitive function and memory
• Alleviation of pain and discomfort
• Better management of digestive issues
• Relief from headaches and migraines

It’s important to note that individual responses to essential oils can vary significantly, and what works for one person may not be effective for another. Additionally, essential oils should not be considered a replacement for conventional medical treatments prescribed by healthcare professionals.

Safety Considerations and Potential Risks of Essential Oil Use

While essential oils are often perceived as natural and safe, it’s crucial to understand that they can pose risks if used improperly. Dr. Vijayshree Yadav, a neurologist at Oregon Health and Science University, emphasizes that “natural doesn’t always mean safe.” The essential oil industry is largely unregulated, which can lead to inconsistencies in product quality and safety.

Important Safety Precautions

1. Never ingest essential oils, as this can be dangerous.
2. Always dilute essential oils with a carrier oil before applying to the skin.
3. Perform a patch test before using a new essential oil to check for allergic reactions.
4. Consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating essential oils into your MS management plan.
5. Be aware of potential interactions between essential oils and medications.
6. Use caution when diffusing essential oils around pets, children, or pregnant individuals.

Some individuals may experience skin irritation, allergic reactions, or respiratory issues when using essential oils. It’s also important to be aware that the quality and purity of essential oils can vary widely between brands and suppliers.

Integrating Essential Oils into an MS Management Plan

For those interested in exploring the potential benefits of essential oils for MS symptom management, it’s crucial to approach their use as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Essential oils should complement, not replace, conventional medical treatments prescribed by healthcare professionals.

Tips for Incorporating Essential Oils

• Start with a single oil and observe its effects before introducing others.
• Keep a journal to track which oils seem to provide benefits and any adverse reactions.
• Experiment with different methods of use, such as diffusion, topical application, or adding oils to bath water.
• Be consistent in your use to better evaluate potential benefits over time.
• Consider working with a certified aromatherapist familiar with MS to develop a personalized plan.

Mary Ellen Ciganovich, an author and educator specializing in holistic healing who has MS herself, shares her experience: “I handle my own MS through diet, exercise, meditation, herbs, and essential oils, and I recommend these approaches to others with the condition.” While her approach may not be suitable for everyone, it illustrates how some individuals integrate essential oils into their overall wellness strategy.

Future Research and Promising Directions

As interest in complementary and alternative therapies for MS grows, researchers are increasingly turning their attention to the potential of essential oils. While current evidence is limited, several areas of investigation show promise for future research:

Neuroprotective Properties

Some essential oils, such as frankincense and lavender, have demonstrated neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies. Further research could explore whether these properties translate to benefits for MS patients, potentially slowing disease progression or protecting against neurological damage.

Anti-inflammatory Effects

Many essential oils possess anti-inflammatory properties. Given the role of inflammation in MS pathology, investigating how these oils might modulate inflammatory responses in the context of MS could yield valuable insights.

Symptom-Specific Studies

Larger, well-designed clinical trials focusing on specific MS symptoms, such as fatigue, pain, or cognitive dysfunction, could provide more conclusive evidence on the efficacy of essential oils in symptom management.

Combination Therapies

Exploring how essential oils might complement conventional MS treatments could lead to more comprehensive and effective management strategies. Studies investigating potential synergies between aromatherapy and other interventions may open new avenues for integrated care.

As research in this field progresses, it’s important for individuals with MS to stay informed about the latest findings and consult with their healthcare providers before incorporating new treatments, including essential oils, into their management plan.

Choosing and Using Essential Oils Safely

For those considering the use of essential oils as part of their MS management strategy, selecting high-quality products and using them correctly is crucial. Here are some guidelines to help ensure safe and effective use:

Selecting Quality Essential Oils

• Look for oils that are 100% pure and therapeutic grade.
• Choose products from reputable companies that provide detailed information about their sourcing and production processes.
• Check for third-party testing results to verify purity and quality.
• Be wary of unusually low prices, as high-quality essential oils are typically more expensive.

Proper Usage Methods

Essential oils can be used in various ways, including:

1. Aromatherapy: Use a diffuser to disperse the oils into the air.
2. Topical application: Always dilute essential oils with a carrier oil before applying to the skin.
3. Inhalation: Add a few drops to hot water and inhale the steam, or use personal inhalers.
4. Bath: Mix essential oils with a carrier oil or bath salts before adding to bathwater.

Remember to start with small amounts and low concentrations, gradually increasing as you become familiar with how your body responds to each oil.

While essential oils show promise as a complementary approach to managing MS symptoms, it’s crucial to maintain realistic expectations and prioritize evidence-based treatments. By working closely with healthcare providers and staying informed about the latest research, individuals with MS can make informed decisions about incorporating essential oils into their overall management plan.

Can Essential Oils Help Manage Multiple Sclerosis?

Essential oils are plant extracts designed to capture the “essence,” or scent, of the original plant.

Examples of popular essential oils include:

• Chamomile
• Jasmine
• Lavender
• Lemon
• Peppermint
• Rose
• Sandalwood
• Tea tree

These essences are typically compounded and sold as natural remedies for a variety of conditions. They are most often used in the practice of aromatherapy, which today is considered a form of complementary or alternative medicine with roots in ancient civilizations in Asia as well as in the Mediterranean region.

Scientific evidence for the medicinal benefits of these products is limited. But some studies have found they help manage fatigue, anxiety, cognitive problems, skin disorders, digestive problems, and headaches, among other symptoms.

Although little research has been done on the possible benefits of essential oils for multiple sclerosis (MS), one recent study suggests lavender may improve memory problems in people who have MS (these results are preliminary and moderate to low quality, and require additional studies and validation).

Others believe essential oils can help people with the condition manage pain, fatigue, and digestive problems, as well as other health conditions often linked with MS, like depression and anxiety.

“Anything natural that helps keep my MS monster in its cave is very useful,” says Mary Ellen Ciganovich, an author and educator who specializes in holistic healing and has MS herself. “I handle my own MS through diet, exercise, meditation, herbs, and essential oils, and I recommend these approaches to others with the condition.”

So how can essential oils help you — if at all?

What Are Essential Oils?

Essential oils are collected from the source plants through several processes, including distillation (using steam) or cold pressing. Once extracted from the plant, the oils are combined with a “carrier” oil to create the final product.

It’s important to note that essential oils aren’t intended to be taken orally. In fact, swallowing them may be dangerous.

Instead, they are designed to be inhaled or, in some cases, applied to your skin.

It’s believed that inhaling the aromas of essential oils can stimulate areas of your limbic system, the part of your brain that regulates mood as well as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

The effect of essential oils on the limbic system is what gives them their medicinal qualities.

How Essential Oils Might Help Symptoms Related to MS

To date, the use of essential oils in the treatment of MS itself hasn’t been well studied, according to Vijayshree Yadav, MD, a neurologist at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland. But symptoms have been addressed in research.

A study published in the November–December 2021 Journal of Medicine and Life found that inhalation aromatherapy with lavender essential oil improved working memory in women with multiple sclerosis (this small study requires further validation through larger and higher-quality studies). Cognitive changes, including memory problems, are common in MS, according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS).

Essential oils may also treat other health problems often linked to MS.

For example, anxiety and depression are behavioral health conditions that are common in people with MS. Several essential oils — including chamomile, jasmine, lavender, rose, and sandalwood — are used to calm nerves, relieve stress, and boost mood.

A study of aromatherapy using lavender published in the March 2017 issue of the journal Nursing in Critical Care found that the essential oil improved sleep quality and reduced anxiety in people with coronary artery disease.

In addition, a review published in May 2017 in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience suggested that aromatherapy with essential oils — including lavender and rosemary — improved cognitive function and slowed the progression of memory loss in people with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Cognitive function problems and memory loss are both symptoms of MS, although the underlying causes are not the same as in Alzheimer’s disease.

Pain, another common symptom of MS, may also be alleviated by essential oils such as peppermint, lavender, frankincense, and vanilla, among others. A review of existing research published in December 2017 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences found these oils and others have “therapeutic potential” for a variety of pain conditions.

But most of the studies included in the review involved the use of oils in animals as opposed to human participants.

“It’s a big leap to say that these oils work well in mice so they must work just as well in humans,” Dr. Yadav cautions.

What Are the Potential Downsides of Essential Oils?

Yadav emphasizes that “natural doesn’t always mean safe.” Essential oils are products of an unregulated industry, so the quality and composition of different brands and essences may vary, she says.

In general, it’s best to find an essential oil product that contains only the aromatic plant compound, with no additives or synthetic fragrances. Also, do your research and try to purchase products from a manufacturer with a reputation for quality and safety.

Although aromatherapy is generally safe for people, it may not be for pets. In addition, inhaling certain oils may be harmful for pregnant women and young children.

Finally, essentially oils applied directly to the skin have been known to cause allergic reactions, including rashes, breathing problems, and headaches.

“Don’t overdo it with essential oils, or any other natural remedy,” Ciganovich notes. “It’s important to use these products as directed and not use more, even if it’s working really well. These products, just like prescription meds, can have side effects, so begin slowly to see if they work for you. Also, don’t discontinue your other MS meds without consulting your doctor.”

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Identification of essential oils in lippia javanica

Introduction

As part of the implementation of the State Strategy for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, the priority direction is the production of medicines, including those of plant origin. Interest in herbal medicines remains relevant today due to their mild action, low toxicity and the possibility of long-term use for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. With the development of science and medicine, more and more modern medicines are being created, but medicinal plants are still the main guarantor of the future in medicine and healthcare.

L. javanica is a perennial shrubby, herbaceous plant up to 4.5 m high with strong fragrant leaves that exude lemon flavor when crushed [15-17]. It occurs naturally in central, eastern and southern Africa. In southern Africa, this species grows in Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zanzibar, and Zimbabwe [15–16].

For many years, the shrub has been used in medical practice in South Africa due to its rich chemical composition, which means it has a wide range of pharmacological activity. The main pharmacological effects include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-symplastic, anti-microbial, anti-tuberculosis and anti-viral effects, which will allow us to produce better and safer essential oils in the distant future [23-25].

Based on this, the shrub is used to treat a wide range of diseases [28-29]. According to various sources, it is used in the treatment of the following diseases and their symptoms (Table 1).

Table 1. List of diseases and methods of use Lippia Javanica

In medical practice

Based on the data in the table, it can be concluded that Lippia javanica is most often used in the treatment of otolaryngological and pulmonological diseases, which makes its long-term use in the medical field promising in the near future, including the receipt of new sprays and the production of new lozenges from cough, to help people.

Separately, it is worth noting the importance of drugs based on Lippia Javanica in the complex treatment of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). This plant has been widely used for many years in the treatment of infectious diseases, so it is not surprising that the local population of the South African region used essential oils, tinctures, inhalations and decoctions of Lippia Javanica for the prevention, and then in the complex therapy of new strains of COVID-19 [25] . From this it follows a simple conclusion that this medicinal plant opens the possibility for wider research, therefore, mass production of drugs against microbes and viruses will be launched in the near future, since the plant contains polyphenols and flavonoids, which have such effects.

The composition of essential oils varies considerably depending on the place of origin, harvest season and weather. The complex molecular composition of many essential oils requires high resolution separation in order to characterize the range of compounds that make up the oils. In addition, it is often necessary to study small differences between oils that correspond to differences in the geographic or genetic origin of the plant material.

Chromatography, especially gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectroscopy (MS), have been the most widely used analytical methods for analyzing essential oils. However, the limitations of GC and GC/MS have pushed chromatographers to search in depth for more efficient methods for analyzing essential oil volatiles, such as improved sample preparation prior to injection. The methods tested were steam distillation, dynamic headspace, static headspace and SPME (solid phase microextraction). As a result, the static headspace method (SPHX) is now the leading sampling method.

It is important to note that GC analysis of essential oils is usually done to evaluate a particular plant or herb for oil percentage and components. However, the analytical values ​​obtained in this way are not directly related to the volatiles in the herb itself, and may not correctly reflect the actual quality of the herb, depending on the isolation technique used. However, using a method such as the static headspace method in GC only allows you to get a profile of essential oils.

Mass spectrometry (MS) can be defined as the study of systems by the formation of gaseous ions with or without fragmentation, which are then characterized by mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and relative amounts [41]. The analyte can be ionized thermally, by an electric field, or by exposure to high energy electrons, ions, or photons.

The last decade has seen a tremendous growth in the popularity of mass spectrometers as instruments for both standard analytical experiments and fundamental research. This is due to a number of features, including relatively low cost, simple design, and extremely high data acquisition rates. And, although the sample is destroyed by the mass spectrometer in the process, this method is very sensitive, and only a small amount of material is used in the analysis.

However, as is well known, compounds such as isomers can be misidentified by GC-MS analysis; this shortcoming is often observed in the analysis of essential oils. It is widely known that the composition of essential oils is mainly represented by terpenes, which give very similar mass spectra; therefore, a favorable match ratio is not sufficient for identification, and peak assignment becomes a difficult, if not impossible, task.

On the other hand, provided that the data contained in the mass spectrum libraries were recorded using genuine samples, it can be seen that the mass spectrum of a single terpene is usually sufficient to allow its identification in combination with the retention index obtained from methyl silicone stationary phases.

Materials and methods

The object of the study was the herb Lippia Javanica. To determine the optimal results, pharmacognostic analysis, macroscopic analysis, microscopic analysis, quantitative analysis of essential oil and its qualitative analysis were carried out. Determination of the essential oil content was carried out by steam distillation of Verbena Officinalis herb and Lippia Javanica herb followed by volume measurement. The mass fraction was expressed as a percentage of the ratio of mass to volume based on absolutely dry raw material or preparation. For the experiment, Method 2 of the RF Pharmacopoeia .1.5.3.0010.15 “Determination of the content of essential oil in medicinal plant raw materials and medicinal herbal preparations” was used. Materials used: distilled water, 10% sodium hydroxide solution, glycerin, essential oil measurement equipment, analytical balance, microscopy, Petri dishes. 50 grams of ground Verbena Officinalis and Lippia Javanica, respectively, were weighed on an analytical balance. The sample was placed in a round bottom flask, where 500 ml of distilled water was added. The steam distillation process of the essential oil took two hours.

All data were acquired using the following equipment:

– TriPlus 500 PF autosampler (Thermo Scientific)

– TRACE 1300 gas chromatograph (Thermo Scientific)

– MS detection with ISQ 7000 (Thermo Scientific) 90 005

– PC workstation with Chromeleon CDS ver. 7.2.10

– MS NIST Library 16

Separation was carried out on a capillary column TraceGold 5 30 m x 0.32 mm x 0.25 mm (Thermo Scientific) in a programmed temperature mode.

Headspace parameters:

GC parameters:

MS parameters:

Peak identification provided by NIST Library 16 MS.

Results and Discussions

The result of pharmacognostic analysis is represented by microscopic features, including stomata, etherovascular glands, and short simple unicellular hairs shown in fig. 1-3.

Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of essential oil in the herb L. javanica. The collected volume reached about 20 ml. It did not have a viscous and oily consistency; most likely, Lippia Javanica essential oils are thermolabile. The result was a watery liquid with a characteristic strong odor and taste, Figure 4.

Qualitative analysis for other active substances was carried out within 30 minutes. The following reagents were used: ammonia 10%, sodium hydroxide 10%, ammonium ferrous sulfate, sodium molybdate, ferric chloride.

Figure 2. Lippia Javanica raw material under the microscope (1 – Essential oil cavities)

glandular simple unicellular hairs).

Figure 4. Organoleptic testing of essential oils Lippia Javanica

A qualitative analysis of possible active compounds was also carried out. L. javanica showed flavonoids when reacted with 10% ammonia, a yellow color and a pale yellow color with 10% sodium hydroxide solution. Yellow coloration with iron and ammonium sulfate indicates the presence of tannins. Dark green staining with ferric chloride showed the presence of phenol and flavonoids in both plants. Lippia Javanica gave a pale red color with sodium molybdate indicating the presence of phenols.

Crude essential oil from Lippia Javanica was extracted by steam distillation. Crude oil was placed in a 20 ml tube and sealed. The total ion chromatogram (SIC) obtained under the above conditions is shown in fig. 1.

Signals of 54 components were registered on the chromatogram. Some of the peaks, especially at the end of the chromatogram, were identified as components of the stationary liquid phase. Most of the minor components are identified as esters of C4-C10 alcohols and C2-C5 acids, as well as benzoic acid. Several minor peaks have been identified as simple terpenes such as geraniol, pinene and cineole. The main components were identified as benzoic acid (peak at 7.298), phenylmethyl benzoate (peak at 15.671), ethyllinolaol (peak at 16.581) and its cis isomer (peak at 16.690), mequinol (peak at 18.093), piperonal (peak at 18.442), isocitroneol, and corimbolone (peaks at 22.827 and 23.300, respectively). ). The results of the search in the MS library are shown in fig. 2.

Conclusions.

The chemical classification of essential oils has been carried out. The features of the chemical structure, and physico-chemical properties of essential oils are described.

Lippia Javanica has been reported in the literature as being used as an additive to other medicines to fight the coronavirus (COVID-19) in the South African region.

This scientific study presents a method for determining the content of essential oil, describes its quantitative assessment and assessment of the quality of raw materials. The study is ideally suited for practical application and will help in the near future to expand the field of medicine and pharmaceuticals through the introduction of such essential oils, obtained in the cheapest and most effective ways.

The study takes into account the appearance, geographical distribution and habitats of Lippia Javanica containing essential oils. The idea is to import a medicinal plant from South Africa at a lower cost and produce more drugs here in the Russian Federation, or build a pharmaceutical manufacturing company in Zimbabwe to produce high quality and safe essential oils for the local population. It has been found that L. javanica contains higher quality essential oils, which gives a positive result in the development of the concept for the production of medicinal and cosmetic essential oils of higher quality and safety for the population.

Literature review and practice showed that L. javanica has heat labile essential oils, but they lack viscosity and oily consistency, and research will be done with another way to isolate heat labile essential oils. An alternative method can be used to develop the production of essential oils from Lippia javanica individually or through grants.

In addition, macro- and microscopic signs were taken into account, and all possible diagnostic signs for Lippia Javanica were confirmed. Qualitative analysis showed that L. javanica contains flavonoids, tannins, and phenols, which manifests itself as a pale red color when interacting with sodium molybdate.

In this regard, the composition of the essential oil of L. javanica was studied by PF-GC-MS, which showed that the essential oil is composed of more than 50 compounds of terpenes, ethers, aldehydes and aromatic acids.

Thus, Lippia Javanica can be introduced into medical practice as a source of essential oils and other phytochemicals due to its medicinal value. Research needs to be done and then patented or sold to major pharmaceutical companies so that they can produce more essential oils and other drugs such as NSAIDs[1] based on Lippia javanica.

[1] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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Antifungal potential of Mentha piperita and Cinnamomum verum essential oils | Sharma

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