What causes extreme bloating in the stomach. How can you reduce abdominal bloating. When should you be concerned about stomach bloating. What are the common symptoms of abdominal bloating. How is extreme stomach bloating diagnosed and treated.

Understanding Stomach Bloating: Symptoms and Prevalence

Stomach bloating is a common digestive issue characterized by a feeling of tightness, pressure, or fullness in the abdominal area. This discomfort may or may not be accompanied by a visibly distended stomach. The severity of bloating can range from mild discomfort to intense pain, and its duration varies from person to person.

Bloating affects a significant portion of the population:

• 10-25% of healthy individuals experience occasional abdominal bloating
• 75% of those affected describe their symptoms as moderate to severe
• 10% report experiencing bloating regularly
• Up to 90% of people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) suffer from bloating
• 75% of women experience bloating before and during menstruation
• Only 50% of individuals with bloating report a visibly distended abdomen

The Role of Gas in Abdominal Bloating

Excessive intestinal gas is the most common cause of stomach bloating. While gas is a natural byproduct of digestion, an overabundance can lead to discomfort. Gas in the intestines is primarily produced by gut bacteria fermenting carbohydrates that weren’t fully absorbed earlier in the digestive process.

Common Causes of Excess Gas Production

• Consuming carbonated beverages
• Eating too quickly
• Swallowing air while eating or drinking
• Specific food intolerances
• Gastrointestinal diseases

Is there a way to reduce gas-related bloating? Yes, several strategies can help:

1. Eat slowly and mindfully
2. Avoid carbonated drinks
3. Identify and avoid trigger foods
4. Try over-the-counter gas relief medications
5. Engage in regular physical activity to promote digestion

Carbohydrate Malabsorption and Its Impact on Bloating

Carbohydrate malabsorption is a significant contributor to stomach bloating. Many individuals have difficulties digesting specific carbohydrates, leading to excessive fermentation in the gut and subsequent gas production.

Common Carbohydrate Culprits

• Lactose (found in dairy products)
• Fructose (present in fruits and some vegetables)
• Carbohydrates in wheat and beans

How can you identify if carbohydrate malabsorption is causing your bloating? Consider keeping a food diary to track your symptoms and consult with a nutritionist or gastroenterologist. They may recommend tests such as hydrogen breath tests to diagnose specific intolerances.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and Bloating

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) occurs when gut bacteria from the colon overflow into the small intestine. This condition can lead to excessive gas production and bloating.

How does SIBO contribute to bloating?

1. Disrupts the balance of gut bacteria
2. Leads to increased fermentation of carbohydrates
3. Interferes with normal digestion and absorption processes

Diagnosing SIBO typically involves a hydrogen breath test or small intestine aspirate and fluid culture. Treatment often includes antibiotics to restore bacterial balance and dietary modifications to manage symptoms.

Functional Digestive Disorders and Their Role in Bloating

Functional digestive disorders, such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia, can significantly contribute to stomach bloating. These conditions are diagnosed when digestive issues persist without a clear underlying cause.

Common Symptoms of Functional Digestive Disorders

• Gas and bloating after eating
• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
• Nausea
• Early satiety

Can functional digestive disorders be managed effectively? Yes, through a combination of dietary changes, stress management techniques, and sometimes medications prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Visceral Hypersensitivity: When Normal Gas Feels Like Bloating

Visceral hypersensitivity is a condition where individuals feel bloated even when their gas volume is normal. This heightened sensitivity often correlates with IBS and other disorders affecting the gut-brain connection.

Abdominophrenic Dyssynergia

Some people develop a muscular hyper-reaction called abdominophrenic dyssynergia. In this condition, abdominal muscles relax and protrude outward in the presence of gas, even when the actual volume is normal, leading to a visibly bloated appearance.

How can visceral hypersensitivity be addressed? Treatment options may include:

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Hypnotherapy
• Antidepressants to modulate pain perception
• Mindfulness and relaxation techniques

Digestive Content Build-up: A Major Cause of Bloating

The accumulation of digestive contents in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to significant bloating. This build-up can occur due to various factors, including constipation, motility disorders, or obstructions in the digestive tract.

Constipation and Its Impact on Bloating

Constipation, whether occasional or chronic, can cause backed-up stool in the colon. This leads to recently digested food remaining longer in the intestines, resulting in increased gas production and bloating.

What are effective strategies to manage constipation-related bloating?

1. Increase fiber intake gradually
2. Stay well-hydrated
3. Engage in regular physical activity
4. Consider over-the-counter laxatives (under medical guidance)
5. Address any underlying conditions causing chronic constipation

Hormonal Fluctuations and Abdominal Bloating

Hormonal changes, particularly in women, can significantly impact bloating. The menstrual cycle is a common cause of temporary bloating, with up to 75% of women experiencing bloating before and during their period.

Hormones That Influence Bloating

• Estrogen
• Progesterone
• Prostaglandins

How do hormones contribute to bloating? These hormones can affect:

1. Water retention
2. Gastrointestinal motility
3. Gas production
4. Sensitivity to bloating sensations

Managing hormone-related bloating may involve lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and in some cases, hormonal treatments prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Food Intolerances and Allergies: Hidden Culprits of Bloating

Food intolerances and allergies can be significant contributors to stomach bloating. Unlike food allergies, which involve the immune system, food intolerances typically affect the digestive system directly.

Common Food Intolerances Associated with Bloating

• Lactose intolerance
• Gluten sensitivity
• Fructose malabsorption
• FODMAPs sensitivity

How can you identify food intolerances causing your bloating? Consider these steps:

1. Keep a detailed food and symptom diary
2. Try an elimination diet under medical supervision
3. Undergo specific food intolerance tests
4. Consult with a registered dietitian or allergist

Gastrointestinal Disorders and Chronic Bloating

Several gastrointestinal disorders can lead to chronic bloating. These conditions often require medical intervention for proper management.

GI Disorders Associated with Bloating

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
• Celiac Disease
• Gastroparesis
• Pancreatic Insufficiency
• Intestinal Adhesions

What are the key steps in diagnosing GI disorders causing bloating?

1. Comprehensive medical history
2. Physical examination
3. Blood tests
4. Stool analysis
5. Imaging studies (e.g., CT scan, MRI)
6. Endoscopy or colonoscopy

Treatment approaches vary depending on the specific disorder and may include medications, dietary changes, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

Stress and Anxiety: The Mind-Gut Connection in Bloating

The intricate connection between the mind and gut plays a significant role in digestive health, including bloating. Stress and anxiety can exacerbate bloating symptoms and even trigger their onset.

How Stress Affects Digestion

• Alters gut motility
• Increases gut sensitivity
• Affects the gut microbiome
• Influences eating habits

What are effective strategies for managing stress-related bloating?

1. Practice stress-reduction techniques (e.g., meditation, deep breathing)
2. Engage in regular physical activity
3. Ensure adequate sleep
4. Consider cognitive-behavioral therapy
5. Explore gut-directed hypnotherapy

Medications and Supplements: Unexpected Causes of Bloating

Certain medications and supplements can contribute to abdominal bloating as a side effect. It’s important to be aware of these potential culprits, especially if bloating occurs after starting a new medication or supplement regimen.

Medications That May Cause Bloating

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Antacids containing sodium bicarbonate
• Iron supplements
• Some antibiotics
• Opioid pain medications

How should you address medication-related bloating? Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication regimen. They may be able to adjust your dosage, switch to an alternative medication, or provide strategies to manage the side effects.

Lifestyle Factors Contributing to Abdominal Bloating

Various lifestyle factors can significantly impact the frequency and severity of stomach bloating. By addressing these factors, many individuals can experience relief from bloating symptoms.

Common Lifestyle Factors Affecting Bloating

• Eating too quickly
• Consuming large portions
• Chewing gum excessively
• Drinking through a straw
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Poor posture

What lifestyle changes can help reduce bloating?

1. Practice mindful eating
2. Eat smaller, more frequent meals
3. Limit carbonated beverages
4. Increase physical activity
5. Improve posture, especially while eating
6. Manage stress through relaxation techniques

When to Seek Medical Attention for Stomach Bloating

While occasional bloating is common and often harmless, persistent or severe bloating may indicate an underlying medical condition that requires professional attention.

Red Flags Warranting Medical Evaluation

• Severe or persistent abdominal pain
• Unintentional weight loss
• Blood in stool
• Fever accompanying bloating
• Persistent changes in bowel habits
• Nausea or vomiting
• Bloating that interferes with daily activities

How do healthcare providers diagnose the cause of chronic bloating? The diagnostic process may include:

1. Detailed medical history and physical examination
2. Blood tests to check for infections, inflammation, or other abnormalities
3. Stool tests to detect parasites or other gastrointestinal issues
4. Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI
5. Endoscopic procedures to visualize the digestive tract
6. Breath tests to diagnose conditions like lactose intolerance or SIBO

By understanding the various causes of stomach bloating and implementing appropriate lifestyle changes or seeking medical attention when necessary, individuals can effectively manage this common digestive issue and improve their overall quality of life.

Causes, Tips to Reduce & When to be Concerned

Overview

What is a bloated stomach?

A bloated stomach is first and foremost a feeling of tightness, pressure or fullness in your belly. It may or may not be accompanied by a visibly distended (swollen) abdomen. The feeling can range from mildly uncomfortable to intensely painful. It usually goes away after a while, but for some people, it’s a recurring problem. Digestive issues and hormone fluctuations can cause cyclical bloating. If your bloated stomach doesn’t go away, you should seek medical care to determine the cause.

Why is my stomach bloated?

The most common cause of stomach pain and bloating is excess intestinal gas. If you get a bloated stomach after eating, it can be a digestive issue. It might be as simple as eating too much too fast, or you could have a food intolerance or other condition that causes gas and digestive contents to build up. Your menstrual cycle is another common cause of temporary bloating. Sometimes a bloated stomach can indicate a more serious medical condition.

How common is stomach bloating?

Between 10% and 25% of otherwise healthy people complain of occasional abdominal bloating. As many as 75% describe their symptoms as moderate to severe. About 10% say they experience it regularly. Among those diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it may be as much as 90%. Up to 75% of women experience bloating before and during their period. Only 50% of people who experience bloating also report a distended abdomen.

Possible Causes

What causes bloating in the stomach?

Gas

Gas is a natural byproduct of digestion, but too much intestinal gas means your digestion is gone awry. While you can ingest gasses by swallowing air or drinking carbonated beverages, these gasses mostly escape through belching before they reach your intestines. Gasses in your intestines are mostly produced by gut bacteria digesting carbohydrates (fermentation).

If there’s too much fermentation going on, it’s because too many carbohydrates weren’t naturally absorbed earlier in the digestive process, before reaching those gut bacteria. That could be for several reasons. Maybe you just ate too much too fast for proper digestion, or you might have a specific food intolerance or gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Some possible causes include:

• Carbohydrate malabsorption. Many people have sensitivities or difficulties digesting particular carbohydrates (sugars). Some common culprits include lactose, fructose, and the carbs in wheat and beans. You may have an intolerance, or you may just have general difficulties that cause your body to struggle more with tougher carbs. A nutritionist or GI specialist can help you isolate your dietary sensitivities.
• Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). This occurs when gut bacteria from the colon overflow into the small intestine. The overgrowth of these bacteria can also overwhelm other bacteria that are meant to balance them. Some bacteria actually absorb the gasses produced by others, but too many of one kind and not enough of another kind can throw this balance off.
• Functional digestive disorders. IBS and dyspepsia (functional indigestion) are diagnosed when your body struggles more with digestion for unexplained reasons. Symptoms often include gas and bloating after eating, as well as other symptoms. Keep an eye out for classic alarm symptoms such as diarrhea or constipation, nausea, vomiting, fever, bleeding, anemia, and unintentional weight loss.
• Visceral hypersensitivity. Some people feel like they’re gassy and bloated even when their volume of gas is normal. This condition often correlates with IBS and other disorders involving the gut-to-brain neural pathways. Some people even develop a muscular hyper-reaction to make more room in the abdominal cavity for gas (abdominophrenic dyssynergia). Their abdominal muscles relax and protrude outward in the presence of gas, even when the actual volume is normal.

Digestive Contents

These can include solids, liquids, and gas. Digestive contents can build up in your digestive system when there is a backup or restriction in your digestive tract or when the muscles that move digestive contents along are somehow impaired. Any build-up of digestive contents along the digestive tract will leave less room for normal amounts of gas to process through. It also leaves less room for other things in your abdomen, including circulatory fluids and fat, making everything feel tighter. Causes of build-up can include:

• Constipation. You may have occasional constipation due to diet or lifestyle factors, or you may have chronic constipation due to an underlying condition. Backed-up poop in your colon causes recently-digested food to stay longer in the intestines, waiting to descend. Everything expands to contain the extra volume, leading to bloat.
• Bowel obstructions. When it isn’t backed-up poop obstructing your bowels, it could be something more serious. Both your large and small bowels can become blocked by tumors, scar tissue, strictures, stenosis, or hernias. Inflammatory diseases such as Crohn’s disease and diverticulosis can damage parts of your small bowels, creating strictures that narrow the passage of digestive contents.
• Motility disorders can cause constipation, or they can simply cause everything to move more slowly through your digestive tract. These are usually disorders of the muscles and nerves that sense digestive contents in the digestive tract. Examples include intestinal pseudo-obstruction, a condition that mimics the effects of an obstruction when there is none, gastroparesis, partial paralysis of the stomach muscles, and pelvic floor dysfunction.
• Recent weight gain. Weight gained within the last year or so tends to go to your belly first. If you’ve gained ten pounds or more, it’s probably impacting your abdominal volume. This means less room for normal digestive processes, so that even a normal meal may cause you to feel abnormally bloated during digestion. Sometimes weight gain also involves water retention, which can make you feel bloated with fluids in your stomach and elsewhere.

Hormones

Maybe you’ve noticed that your stomach bloating follows a different cycle — not so much your digestive cycle, but your menstrual cycle. If so, you’re not alone. As many as 3 in 4 women say they experience abdominal bloating before and during their menstrual periods. Bloating is also a common complaint during the hormone fluctuations of perimenopause. Female hormones deserve a special mention when it comes to stomach bloating because they can affect bloating from many angles — fluids, gas, digestive back-up — and also your sensitivity to those things.

First, estrogen causes water retention. When estrogen spikes and progesterone drops, you’ll notice bloating from fluids. This, in addition to the increased volume of your uterus just before menstruation, can give you a bloated stomach. But hormones also interact with your digestive system. Estrogen and progesterone can each cause intestinal gas by either slowing or speeding your motility. Estrogen receptors in your GI tract also affect your visceral sensitivity — what makes you feel bloated.

Other Causes

Bloating that comes and goes is usually digestive, hormonal or both. These causes can also make you feel generally sick and tired. As long as your symptoms eventually go away, they probably aren’t serious. But if your bloated stomach doesn’t go away or gets worse, or if you have other symptoms of serious illness, such as fever or vomiting, you should seek medical attention to rule out other medical causes. These may include:

• Ascites. This is a gradual build-up of fluid in your abdominal cavity. It’s usually caused by liver disease, and sometimes by kidney failure or heart failure.
• Pancreatic insufficiency. This is a kind of pancreatic dysfunction in which your pancreas can no longer make enough digestive enzymes to serve its function in the digestive process.
• Inflammation of the stomach (gastritis) or the intestines (enteritis). This is usually caused by a bacterial infection (commonly, H pylori infection) or by drinking too much alcohol. It can also be related to peptic ulcers.
• Cancer (ovarian, uterine, colon, pancreatic, stomach or mesenteric). Yearly check-ups with your primary care physician are important to screen for cancer.

Care and Treatment

How long does a bloated stomach last?

If your bloating is due to something you ate or drank or to hormone fluctuations, it should begin to ease within a few hours to days. If you are constipated, it won’t go down until you start pooping. Water, exercise and herbal teas can help encourage all of these things along. If it doesn’t go away or gets worse, seek medical attention.

What relieves bloating?

What brings relief in the long term will depend on the cause of your distress. You might need a professional diagnosis to get to the bottom of it. But if you’re looking for home remedies to debloat your stomach today or avoid bloating tomorrow, there are a few things you can try.

• Herbal teas, including peppermint, chamomile, ginger, turmeric and fennel can aid digestion and help process gas. Dandelion tea can help relieve water retention.
• Peppermint oil capsules are a natural antispasmodic. That means they help your intestinal muscles relax. This can help you pass trapped poop and gas, especially if your problems derive from a motility issue.
• Antacids have been shown to relieve inflammation in the digestive tract and help pass gas more easily. Antacids often include the active ingredient simethicone, which works to pass gas by grouping smaller gas bubbles together. Simethicone is also available separately.
• Magnesium supplements help to neutralize stomach acid and relax the intestinal muscles. Magnesium has a natural laxative effect, which can be helpful from time to time but can be habit-forming if you use it too often.
• Probiotics can help supplement or rebalance your gut bacteria. Some will help you digest your food better in the first place, and others may actually help absorb excess gasses. You may have to take them consistently for a few days or weeks to really notice a difference.
• Psyllium husks are a popular fiber supplement that can help you poop more regularly. Always introduce fiber supplements gradually, and with lots of water. Over-the-counter laxatives can also be used as needed.
• Regular exercise with a focus on core body strengthening can help combat abdominal bloating.

How can I prevent stomach bloating?

If your stomach bloating is caused by diet or alcohol, you can help prevent it by making some lifestyle changes. Some good general guidelines include:

• Eat enough fiber. If you don’t typically get a lot of fiber in your diet, you should start gradually so that you don’t overwhelm your system. Fiber will cause more gas at first, but once it starts sweeping through your digestive system, it will help clean out the fermenting fecal matter that’s stuck in there. Fiber also tells your body to drink more water, and it makes you feel full sooner so that you don’t eat too much.
• Drink enough water. This will encourage motility along your entire digestive tract and keep your digesting food from becoming too hard and compacted to pass through. Water also helps you feel full between meals.
• Get some exercise. Exercise helps prevent water retention and keeps your bowels moving. It can also help prevent the rapid weight gain that often goes straight to your belly. If you have a desk job, regular exercise can seem more daunting, but it doesn’t take too much — just remember to get up and walk around now and then.
• Avoid processed foods. Processed foods are low in fiber and high in salt and fat. Salt causes water retention, and fat slows down the digestive process because it takes longer to digest. All of these things can lead to constipation and bloating. Processed foods are also low in nutrition, so they will leave you feeling hungrier even after you’ve consumed a lot of calories. This leads to more eating and compounding the problem.
• Practice mindful eating. Take your time to chew thoroughly and stop before you are full. Feeling full is a delayed reaction because it takes a while for the food you eat to actually reach your stomach. Most people eat enough to be full before they can actually feel that they are.
• Notice sensitivities. Whether it’s alcohol or particular foods, just paying attention can help you notice which ingredients you are most sensitive to. Some people keep a food journal and take notes to keep track of how different meals make them feel. You can also try eliminating foods one at a time and notice if you experience any difference in your symptoms.

If the cause of your bloated stomach is something more specific, such as specific food intolerance, perimenopause or a medical condition, you might need a little help with diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Some options include:

• Elimination diet. A dietician can help guide you through an elimination diet to identify your food sensitivities and give your digestive system a chance to heal. This usually means maintaining a very restricted diet for a short period of time and then adding certain classes of foods back in one at a time to see how your body reacts. A good one to try for bloating is the low-FODMAP diet. FODMAP foods include all of the carbohydrates that most commonly cause digestive problems, bloating and gas.
• Hydrogen breath test. This relatively simple test is an efficient way to screen for a few different digestive disorders, including specific sugar intolerances and SIBO. You can take it as an outpatient or sometimes at home and have results in a day or two.
• Targeted probiotics. If your healthcare provider diagnoses you with SIBO or another gut bacteria imbalance, they can help rebuild your microbiome by reintroducing the specific bacteria that you are lacking to help balance out the ones that are dominating.
• Hormone therapy. Some women find relief from monthly bloating and other symptoms of PMS by taking hormonal birth control pills. You can discuss the pros and cons of the pill with your healthcare provider. Some women in perimenopause find relief from their symptoms with supplemental estrogen and progesterone. Talk to your healthcare provider to find out if hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is right for you.
• Biofeedback. This is a kind of mind-body therapy that can help you relax and retrain your bodily functions. Biofeedback may help prevent a bloated stomach if you tend to experience indigestion or constipation as a response to stress, or if you have visceral hypersensitivity and feel bloated even when your digestion is normal.

When to Call the Doctor

When should I be worried about abdominal bloating?

See your healthcare provider if your bloated stomach:

• Gets progressively worse.
• Persists for more than a week.
• Is persistently painful.
• Comes with symptoms of illness, such as fever, vomiting or bleeding.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

A bloated stomach is not a pleasant feeling. While it’s a common experience and usually temporary, you may become weary of the cycle. Spending a little focused attention on the problem to identify the cause can be well worthwhile. Try recording your symptoms and possible triggers in a journal. Note diet, hormonal and stress factors. When in doubt bring your notes to a specialist for professional guidance. The different factors that contribute to bloating can be complex and difficult to parse, but medical testing can help. As always, seek medical attention if your symptoms are persistent or severe.

Understanding and managing chronic abdominal bloating and distension

April 17, 2021

Abdominal bloating and distension are two of the most commonly reported gastrointestinal symptoms, affecting people diagnosed with a broad range of underlying medical and surgical disorders. Nearly 40% of the general population reports having problems with these symptoms, and that rate is even higher among people diagnosed with other functional gastrointestinal disorders, including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional constipation. Individuals with chronic and moderate to severe symptoms report that these symptoms negatively impact their activity level and quality of life.

In a narrative review published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology in 2021, co-authors Brian E. Lacy, M.D., Ph.D., David J. Cangemi, M.D., and Maria I. Vazquez-Roque, M.D., review the epidemiology, effects and pathophysiology of chronic bloating and distension and discuss diagnostic strategies and available treatment options. Drs. Lacy, Cangemi and Vazquez-Roque are gastroenterologists at Mayo Clinic’s campus in Jacksonville, Florida.

Pathophysiology

Abdominal bloating and distension have a complex etiology that is not well understood. The list of possible causes includes organic, pathological conditions, disorders of gut-brain interaction and an abnormal viscerosomatic reflex.

Organic causes

The two most common causes within this category are small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and intolerance to carbohydrates and other food groups. Both conditions can prompt excess growth of bacteria, carbohydrate fermentation and, subsequently, gas production that causes the intestinal tract to stretch and distend. Recent research estimates that nearly 20% of the general population experiences some form of food intolerance.

The list of organic disorders that can cause bloating and distension also includes celiac disease, pancreatic insufficiency, prior gastroesophageal surgery (such as fundoplication or bariatric procedures), gastric outlet obstruction, gastroparesis, ascites, gastrointestinal or gynecologic malignancy, hypothyroidism, adiposity, small intestine diverticulosis, and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

Functional causes

Gut-brain interaction disorders associated with bloating and distension include IBS, chronic idiopathic constipation, pelvic floor dysfunction, functional dyspepsia and functional bloating. According to Drs. Lacy and co-authors, some individuals with these diagnoses have a visceral sensory disorder that causes them to perceive that their bodies are producing an excessive amount of gas.

“Many of these patients with visceral hypersensitivity actually produce normal amounts of gas, and the problem lies with their perception of the sensations that accompany that process,” says Dr. Lacy. “These are frequently patients who have other sensory disorders, such as IBS, migraines, chronic fatigue or fibromyalgia.”

These patients can have a conscious perception of intraluminal content and abdominal distension that may contribute to symptomatic bloating. “Complex brain-gut neural pathways, amplified by factors such as anxiety, depression, somatization and hypervigilance can also contribute to this perception of bloating,” adds Dr. Lacy.

Abnormal viscerosomatic reflex

Bloating and distension can also be triggered by an abnormal viscerosomatic reflex. This reflex controls gas clearance and involves the contraction and relaxation of diaphragm and abdominal wall muscles. In individuals who have an abnormal response to a normal release of intestinal gas, the diaphragm descends or contracts inappropriately, and the abdominal wall muscles relax, allowing the abdomen to protrude.

Diagnostic strategies

Determining the etiology of abdominal bloating and distension can be challenging. For this reason, Dr. Lacy advises that acting like “good detectives” can help clinicians make an accurate diagnosis. Conducting a thorough clinical history and physical examination that includes the following details will help determine which type of testing may be needed:

• Onset and timing of symptoms
• Relationship to diet
• Use of medications and supplements
• Surgical history
• Bowel movement habits and patterns

“Asking about diet and thinking about bacterial overgrowth, visceral hypersensitivity, bowel disorders such as constipation and IBS, and whether these symptoms are related to an abnormal viscerosomatic reflex is part of the process,” says Dr. Lacy.

Testing should be based on suspected etiology and can include:

• Breath tests, a widely available, inexpensive and noninvasive way to determine whether SIBO or food intolerance is responsible
• Upper endoscopy for patients with alarm symptoms (recurrent nausea and vomiting, unexplained anemia, hematemesis, 10% weight loss, or a family history of gastroesophageal malignancy) or when gastric outlet obstruction, gastroparesis or FD is suspected
• Celiac serologies to help determine if malabsorption of wheat and gluten is occurring
• Abdominal imaging, including computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging enterography for patients with constipation, prior abdominal surgery, Crohn’s disease, or known or suspected small bowel dysmotility
• Complete gastrointestinal transit assessment, using scintigraphy or a wireless motility capsule, to confirm dysmotility or constipation secondary to slow transit
• Anorectal manometry with balloon expulsion for evaluation of anorectal disorders

Developing a management strategy

Treatment algorithm for bloating and distension

Given the broad range of possible causes associated with bloating and distension, identifying the most effective treatment for each individual with symptoms can be a complex process. Therapeutic options include dietary changes, probiotics, antibiotics, prokinetic agents, antispasmodics, neuromodulators and biofeedback. According to Dr. Lacy and co-authors, more than one treatment strategy may be necessary. The chronic bloating and distension treatment algorithm outlines a process for managing patients with these symptoms.

For more information

Lacy BE et al. Management of chronic abdominal distension and bloating. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2021;19:219.

Bloating: Causes and Prevention Tips

How often do you hear yourself or friends complain about bloating? We often just say we’re bloated when we feel full, but for many women, the problem relates to a chronic underlying condition. If you feel bloated often, you may have a condition like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which affects up to 24 of women.

Here are some common causes of bloating and tips on preventing this uncomfortable condition.

What is bloating?

Bloating is a condition where your belly feels full and tight, often due to gas.

People might confuse bloating with other reasons for a more noticeable belly, such as abdominal wall laxity, or looseness. This is common, especially among older women and those who have had children.

It’s important to know the difference so you can get the right treatment. A toned abdomen can make it easier to see a difference when the gut is full of food or stool.

Causes of Bloating

One common cause of bloating is constipation. You can be constipated and not realize it, since having fewer bowel movements than you normally do is just one symptom of constipation. You may still be constipated even if you have regular bowel movements. Other symptoms of constipation include:

• Straining to start or finish a bowel movement
• Stool that looks like rocks and pebbles
• Not feeling empty after a bowel movement

Constipation can contribute to abdominal pain and bloating. The longer your stool stays in your colon, the more time bacteria have to ferment what’s there, resulting in more gas and bloating.

Aside from constipation, other causes of bloating include:

• Gut sensitivity: People with IBS can be extremely sensitive to gas, which can cause pain, cramping and diarrhea.
• Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO): Most healthy people have relatively few bacteria in the small intestine. People who have had intestinal surgery and/or IBS with diarrhea are more likely to have SIBO, which can cause bloating.
• Gastroparesis: This condition causes delayed stomach emptying, which can cause bloating, nausea and even bowel blockage.
• Gynecological conditions: Sometimes problems with your ovaries or uterus may cause bloating. Make sure you never skip your annual pelvic exam.

How to Prevent Bloating

Typically, the first line of treatment for preventing gas and bloating is changing your diet. Research has shown that a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet can reduce the symptoms of gas and IBS. A low FODMAP diet avoids fermentable, gas-producing food ingredients, such as:

• Oligosaccharides, which are found in wheat, onions, garlic, legumes and beans
• Disaccharides, such as lactose in milk, yogurt and ice cream
• Monosaccharides, including fructose (a type of sugar found in fruits and honey), apples and pears
• Polyols or sugar alcohols found in foods such as apricots, nectarines, plums and cauliflower, as well as many chewing gums and candies

In people sensitive to FODMAP-rich foods, the small intestine doesn’t always fully absorb these carbohydrates, and instead passes them to the colon, where they are fermented by bacteria and produce gas. To see if some of the FODMAP foods are causing your gas and bloating you can start by cutting out FODMAP foods and then slowly bringing them back into your diet one at a time to pinpoint any foods that are causing the problems.

In the long run, the key to preventing bloating is understanding its cause. If mild constipation is the problem, a fiber-rich diet, water and exercise may help, but these steps won’t always work for chronic constipation. Chronic constipation and other conditions, such as IBS or gastroparesis, require medical treatment, so it’s important to talk to your doctor about your bloating symptoms.

9 reasons why you feel bloated all the time

Being bloated is no fun, and we’ve all been there. Whether it was an ice cream sundae bar or Chinese buffet, there’s been a time that we just ate too much and had to loosen the belt a few notches just to get some extra relief. However, bloating can happen for a number of reasons—some not related to food—and Matt Hoffman, FNP, clinical assistant professor with the Texas A&M College of Nursing, breaks down why you’re feeling uncomfortable and a little extra “puffy” in your midsection.

What is bloating?

Bloating may feel different person-to-person, but it’s typically described as feeling full or larger to an uncomfortable degree. Generalized bloating can be throughout the body where the body is holding on to a bit more water than normal, but there is also localized bloating that can happen where organs have become swollen and are causing discomfort.

“When someone feels bloated, it can be tricky because bloating is an umbrella term that can be used to describe the general feeling of tightness throughout,” Hoffman said. “Bloating and swelling can cause problems and be the cause of an array of other problems, so it’s best to know what kind of bloating we are dealing with.”

The bloating can be swelling, gaseous pressure or water weight, and the causes of bloating can be serious, or—more times than not—trivial.

Overeating

When you think of bloating, Thanksgiving dinner is probably one of the first things that comes to mind. Overeating is probably the most common cause of bloating, and there are tips to help you manage your portion sizes.

“Choosing a smaller plate can help you eat less in a sitting,” Hoffman said. “Also, slowing down when you eat gives your body an easier time digesting the food, and it can tell your body that you’re full.”

Having a food intolerance

Typically, if someone is feels bloated, it is because of their food or water intake, but even if you haven’t eaten too much, you may have eaten the wrong thing. Certain food intolerances or sensitives to spicy or acidic foods can cause the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to have a more difficult time than usual.

“An undiagnosed intolerance to foods can cause a lot of bloating,” Hoffman said. “The body is trying to break down the foods for the body to use, and a lot of gas can be the result of that work.”

If you experience a lot of bloating, try keeping a food journal to track what you eat, when you notice bloating and the amount of discomfort you experience.

Enjoying a high-starch or high-sodium diet

Diets high in sodium can cause water retention, and foods high in starch can increase the amount of gaseous bloating.

“Everyone is a little bit different, and what causes bloating in one person won’t always affect another person,” Hoffman said. “It’s really just about learning what foods cause you discomfort and limiting them in your diet. Foods heavy in starches—such as beans, legumes and bread—can help you feel fuller longer, but they can also cause someone to feel bloated.”

Certain over-the-counter medications, such as antacids, can be used to treat bloating caused by foods. These drugs work by enabling gas build up to pass more easily through the body and reduce the amount of bloating. Not all over-the-counter medications work the same, so talk to your health care provider or pharmacist about your symptoms so you can choose the right type of medication.

Consuming packaged foods

Packaged foods are a convenient snack, and you can easily fall into the habit of building your meal plan around them. However, packaged meals—which are notoriously high in sodium—tend to also be high in a chemical called monosodium glutamate (MSG), which can cause you to feel like you just ate an entire day’s worth in a single sitting.

“MSG has been known to cause bloating in some people, and it’s a common ingredient used to preserve freshness,” Hoffman said. “It’s common to see MSG in buffets, Chinese food and packaged meals.”

Eating too late

An old myth states that eating too close to bedtime can cause weight gain, but that’s not necessarily true. Eating more calories than you burn causes weight gain. Still, having a heavy meal before bed can cause you to feel as if you’ve gained a lot of weight overnight.

When you sleep, your digestive system isn’t working as hard as when you’re awake, and being in a reclined position can cause some discomfort during the night and in the morning—when you’re supposed to feel at your leanest.

Drinking too much soda

Carbonated beverages, such as soda or sparkling water, are a common reason for bloating. The fizz in your favorite sodas (even diet ones) can cause gas to get trapped in your stomach, which can lead to bloating and belching.

Try limiting the amount of soda you drink and switch to a healthier alternative. Water with cucumber or lemon can offer a flavorful drink with your meal, and black tea can provide the caffeine kick you may need in the early afternoon. If you’re already feeling bloated, peppermint tea is a common remedy that can be used to help reduce the discomfort.

Swallowing too much air

Most people think of taking in air when they inhale, but it can also be done a number of other ways. Common daily habits—such as drinking from a straw, chewing gum and eating too quickly—are ways to add air into your digestive tract instead of your respiratory system.

“When you swallow too much air you can start to feel bloated,” Hoffman said. “If it’s becoming a problem, start cutting out gum and straws and see if that helps eases your symptoms.”

Having an undiagnosed condition

There are a few conditions that can cause bloating. Heart and liver disease and venous insufficiency can cause excess fluid in the abdomen or limbs. These conditions come with more prominent and tell-tale symptoms, and your health care provider can help you identify them and other illnesses that can cause bloating.

“Chronic conditions can cause swelling and bloating in certain areas,” Hoffman said. “If you have a history or concern of these conditions, then it’s best to talk with your primary care provider.”

Other gastrointestinal conditions can also cause bloating and stomach ailments. Conditions such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and irritable bowel syndrome can all cause bloating. Acid reflux, and the medications to treat it, can cause bloating and a feeling of increased gas in the abdomen, leading to belching.

Taking certain medications

In addition to the drugs for acid reflux, other medications can also cause bloating. Medications like stool softeners can leave someone feeling bloated with gas, and birth control hormones—whether in pill, patch or implant form—can leave women feeling swollen and heavy.

Other medications, such as aspirin, antacids, diarrhea medications, narcotic pain medicines and fiber or iron supplements can also cause bloating and other gastrointestinal symptoms. “If you think your medication is causing bloating, call your health care provider to find out if you may need to change your regimen, but don’t ever stop taking prescribed medications without checking with your provider,” Hoffman said.

When to talk to your health care provider

Bloating can be normal, but it can also be a sign of serious conditions. It’s important to keep track of what foods cause you to feel bloated, but also note if you experience other symptoms that have accompanied bloating.

“If you notice a drastic change in weight or changes in your bowel movements—such as changes in color or consistency—you need to tell your provider that as well, as they can be signs of an underlying condition,” Hoffman said. “If you ate too much and are having trouble digesting your food, then you know that was the likely cause of your bloating and cramping, but if it’s come on suddenly with a healthy diet, you should err on the side of caution and visit your provider.”

— Dominic Hernandez

Stomach ache and abdominal pain

A stomach ache is cramps or a dull ache in the tummy (abdomen). It usually does not last long and is often not serious. Severe abdominal pain is a greater cause for concern. 

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Stomach cramps with bloating

Stomach cramps with bloating are often caused by trapped wind. 

Your pharmacist can recommend treatments to help, such as:

Sudden stomach cramps with diarrhoea

If your stomach cramps have started recently and you also have diarrhoea, the cause may be a tummy bug (gastroenteritis). This means you have a viral or bacterial infection of the stomach and bowel. It should get better without treatment after a few days.

Gastroenteritis may be caused by:

• coming into close contact with someone who’s infected
• eating contaminated food (food poisoning)

If you have repeated bouts of stomach cramps and diarrhoea, you may have a long-term condition, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Sudden severe abdominal pain

Sudden agonising pain in a particular area of your abdomen may be a sign of a serious problem. It could rapidly get worse without treatment.

Urgent advice:

Speak to your GP as soon as possible if:

• you have severe abdominal pain, especially if it’s concentrated in one area
• the pain starts suddenly or unexpectedly

If your GP is closed, phone 111. 

Serious causes of sudden severe abdominal pain include:

• appendicitis – the swelling of the appendix means your appendix will need to be removed
• a bleeding or perforated stomach ulcer
• acute cholecystitis – inflammation of the gallbladder, which may need to be removed
• kidney stones – small stones may be passed out in your urine, but larger stones may block the kidney tubes, and you’ll need to go to hospital to have them broken up
• diverticulitis – inflammation of the small pouches in the bowel that sometimes requires treatment with antibiotics in hospital

If your GP suspects you have one of these conditions, they may refer you to hospital immediately.

Sudden and severe pain in your abdomen can also sometimes be caused by an infection of the stomach and bowel (gastroenteritis). It may also be caused by a pulled muscle in your abdomen or by an injury.

Long-term or recurring abdominal pain

See your GP if you or your child have persistent or repeated abdominal pain. The cause is often not serious and can be managed.

Possible causes in adults include:

Possible causes in children include:

• constipation
• a UTI that keeps returning
• heartburn and acid reflux
• abdominal migraines – recurrent episodes of abdominal pain with no identifiable cause

Chronic bloating: How to manage it and when to speak with your doctor

Bloating is an uncomfortable but common occurrence for many women. That familiar abdominal discomfort and gassy feeling is often just a natural part of the body’s digestive process. But if it never seems to go away it might be chronic bloating.

Chronic bloating can be caused by many things including various foods lifestyle decisions and even diseases. Fortunately there are several steps you can take to relieve the discomfort. Learning more about bloating can help you find out if it’s time to speak with your doctor to discuss your symptoms and concerns.

What is bloating?

Normally gas leaves your body through belching or flatus up to 25 times per day. If you’re experiencing moderate (or worse) discomfort or find you are regularly dealing with bloating it can be hard to pinpoint the cause. The Mayo Clinic noted that there are six main causes of excess bloating:

1. A diet rich in high-fiber foods. Fermenting foods in your colon create gas. High-fiber foods — which are healthy and good for you — typically produce the most gas. High-fiber foods include fruits vegetables grains and beans.
2. Swallowing air. When you eat quickly chew gum or drink through straws some air can make it into your intestines.
3. Other conditions. Inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease diverticulitis colon cancer and other serious conditions can cause excess gas and chronic bloating.
4. Food allergies or intolerance. If your body struggles to break down components of certain foods it can create excess gas. Lactose and gluten intolerance are common culprits.
5. Artificial sweeteners. Xylitol sorbitol and mannitol are all known to cause gas.
6. Constipation. If you’re constipated it can be hard to pass gas. This can lead to bloating.

How can I relieve chronic bloating?

There are several natural home remedies you can try to relieve bloating. First pay close attention to your eating habits:

• Try not to eat too quickly limit talking while eating and drink directly from the glass (instead of a straw). It’s also important to avoid overloading your stomach with food.
• Avoid foods that cause excess bloating like broccoli cabbage fried foods beans apple juice and artificial sweeteners.
• Brigham and Women’s suggested that peppermint tea and chamomile tea can relieve bloating.

In addition to changing your eating habits the Mayo Clinic reported that exercising can help to move gas through your system and relieve discomfort.

If your bloating becomes more painful severe or frequent it’s time to see your doctor. Together you and your physician can find the cause of your chronic bloating take steps to treat any underlying conditions and improve your symptoms.

Image source: Flickr

Bloating – causes, treatment and prevention

On this page

What is bloating?

Bloating is a feeling that your tummy is overly full or stretched. You may also have cramps, burping, diarrhoea, constipation, swelling and a lot of gas.

It happens when the organs of your digestive system are stretched, for example when liquid, gas or solids pool in part of your gut. It can also happen when the contents of your stomach move too slowly through the digestive system; when you have weak muscles in the wall of your tummy; or when your diaphragm muscle contracts instead of relaxing.

What causes bloating?

Bloating is usually caused by changes in your diet, for example if you have eaten a lot of rich food. One theory is that what you eat changes the type of bacteria you have in your gut, leading to bloating and gas.

Eating a lot of salty food and carbohydrates can make you feel bloated, as can swallowing air when you eat too fast or drink a lot of fizzy drinks.

Regular bloating can be caused by other problems, including:

When should I see my doctor?

Rarely, bloating can signify that something more serious is wrong. If your bloating doesn’t get better by following the steps above, you should see your doctor. Seek medical attention if you have bloating as well as:

• diarrhoea
• persistent or severe abdominal pain
• blood in your stools (poo)
• changes in the colour or frequency of your stools
• weight loss without trying to lose weight
• loss of appetite or feeling full quickly

CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use our Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help.

How is bloating treated?

Bloating will usually go away by itself if you adjust your diet for a while. Cut down on salty foods, carbohydrates and fizzy drinks. For some people, it can help to avoid foods that contain onion or garlic, wheat, rye, lactose products or stone fruit.

Bloating caused by constipation can be treated by eating more high-fibre foods, increasing the amount of water that you drink, and exercising regularly. Some people may need laxatives to treat constipation.

If you have a medical condition such as coeliac disease, you will need to follow a strict diet to prevent bloating and other symptoms. If you have IBS, following a high-fibre diet and the low FODMAP diet may help. This involves cutting out some dairy products, wheat and other grains, and some fruits and vegetables. Talk to a health professional such as your doctor or a dietitian before starting this diet to make sure it is right for you.

If you have a food intolerance, you may need to try an elimination diet to find out which food or foods are causing your problems. Your doctor or dietitian will advise you.

Some people find that probiotics containing lactobacillus and bifidobacterium can help with bloating by reducing the production of gas in the gut.

Can bloating be prevented?

To keep your digestive system working well, follow a healthy diet and eat at least 30g of fibre every day. Cut down on processed and fatty foods, and drink less alcohol. Drink plenty of water and take any medicines as directed by your doctor.

Don’t overeat, and try to eat more slowly. Eating regularly will help to prevent digestive problems.

Regular exercise is also important for your gut because it strengthens the muscles in your tummy and stimulates the digestive system to push food through. It also helps with stress, which affects the nerves in the digestive system and can slow down digestion.

Smoking is very bad for your digestion. If you smoke, try to quit now.

90,000 Which doctor should I contact with bloating

Moscow gastroenterologists – latest reviews

An excellent, tactful and attentive specialist. She clarified everything and asked me. The doctor also explained everything to me clearly. If necessary, I would recommend this doctor to my friends and acquaintances.

Yuri,

October 21, 2021

Wonderful attentive doctor.Within the framework of her competence, the doctor helped me

Moderation,

October 22, 2021

Svetlana Yurievna is very attentive, she was in no hurry, literate and knows her job.She conducted an examination, prescribed treatment, additional tests and two weeks later for a second appointment. She spoke very politely, I was pleased with the reception.

Elgiza,

October 19, 2021

This was my second visit to this specialist.At the reception, Tatyana Sergeevna listened to me, looked at the test results and prescribed the correct treatment. The doctor is attentive, intelligent, understands his business, explains everything clearly and easily. The reception went well.

Moderation,

October 22, 2021

I called the doctor at home.Maxim Vladimirovich is a sociable, attentive and kind doctor. A desire to help is felt. The doctor answered all my questions, explained everything in an accessible way, examined and prescribed tests. He advised me to see a cardiologist. I was pleased with the reception.

Moderation,

October 22, 2021

Attentive, explains well, and in general I liked the doctor.During the appointment, Marina Anatolyevna collected an anamnesis, asked questions, gave recommendations, wrote out appointments and told the necessary information. I would recommend a specialist to my friends.

Moderation,

October 22, 2021

Thank you very much to Dr. Elmira Manasovna, she came with pressure, with dizziness.She very politely and correctly explained how to take drugs for blood pressure correctly, prescribed tests to determine cholesterol and others.
I will definitely refer to the survey results again.
I recommend a doctor. A professional in his field. Thank God I found my doctor.

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October 22, 2021

This is the first time I am writing a review about a doctor.I was at the reception today, after I told my complaints, I was immediately diagnosed with an unambiguous diagnosis and assigned a single examination with the words: “This is definitely it, I am an excellent doctor.” And they immediately told me that the examination must be done here without fail, they will certainly treat me here with droppers, and nothing else. When I asked how confident the doctor was that there was no other reason, I received in response: “Okay, let’s look at your belly.”
Thank you for coming down and looking at my belly for 2000r.She did not receive any recommendations, conclusions or anything from the doctor.
I just gave the money for 5 minutes of dialogue.

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Marina Dmitrievna quickly appointed me to take tests, gave recommendations and determined the diagnosis.I really liked her approach and the promptness of the treatment. There were no negative moments. I will recommend her as a good specialist.

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October 23, 2021

Show 10 reviews of 12,940 90,000 Flatulence: Causes and Treatment | MRI Expert

Are you worried about bloating? How to be and are there any proven means to solve this problem?

About such a condition as flatulence and its possible causes, we asked Alexey Viktorovich Antipov, a gastroenterologist at Clinic Expert Tula LLC, to tell us.

– Alexey Viktorovich, how can one explain in simple language, understandable even to a first grader, what kind of problem is flatulence?

Surely any person throughout their life had a feeling of bloating, increased accumulation of gases in the intestines. This is flatulence.

– Why does the belly swell?

Insufficient digestion of the food eaten is at the core. This may be due to the very nature of the product (for example, legumes, sauerkraut), nutritional errors, and to some problems, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.As a result, food reaches the large intestine in an insufficiently digested form. Here, the intestinal microflora begins to act on it, which causes the processes of fermentation and decay. As a result, more than normal amount of gases is formed.

It should also be borne in mind that the gas in the intestine can be in the form of a kind of “foam”. When formed, it covers the intestinal mucosa, thereby further impairing the absorption of substances and, thus, aggravating the process of gas formation.

– Can flatulence be called a disease?

No, flatulence is a symptom.

– What diseases are accompanied by flatulence?

It can be a symptom of many pathologies. First of all, these are diseases of the digestive system: gastritis, pancreatitis, enteritis, colitis, cholecystitis, gallstone disease, excessive bacterial growth in the intestine, dysbiosis, intestinal obstruction, intestinal tumors. Flatulence is also encountered with the so-called aerophagia (increased swallowing of air during the process of eating), neurosis and some other diseases.

– Alexey Viktorovich, what is included in the diagnostic examination of patients suffering from increased gas production in the intestines?

Usually, an abdominal ultrasound scan, general and biochemical blood tests, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, stool tests (general, occult blood, bacteria) are performed.

How to prepare for an abdominal ultrasound? Doctor of ultrasound diagnostics tells

LLC “Clinic Expert Orenburg” Poskrebysheva Anna Viktorovna

It should be remembered that the choice of a particular research method is carried out only by the attending physician based on the specific clinical situation of the patient.

– What to do if a strong accumulation of gases in the intestines does not make it possible to live peacefully? Is increased flatulence treated?

If before that gas formation did not bother, you should consult a gastroenterologist in order to find out its cause.

Flatulence, of course, is treated. However, pills for bloating and gas formation are not a complete, but rather a situational solution to the problem. They can eliminate flatulence “here and now”, but, unfortunately, they will say nothing about its primary source. In addition, self-medication has certain risks, and therefore the question of prescribing medications should be decided only by a doctor.

In addition to the survey, it is also necessary to think about the nature of the diet. Many foods on their own can contribute to gas production and should be avoided from the diet.A doctor will help you choose the right diet.

You can find out the cost and make an appointment with a gastroenterologist in your city here

(attention: the service is not available in all cities!)

– Are there alternative treatments for flatulence? What is their effectiveness?

In our practice, we use only methods of treatment with proven effectiveness. I am not aware of folk methods that meet this criterion, so it is difficult to say something in this regard.I can only note that in some cases, following the advice found, for example, on the Internet, can lead to unfavorable results. So, if a person begins to take, say, carminative collection or activated carbon, smecta, this can temporarily reduce or eliminate the existing flatulence. But on the other hand, the same period spent on self-medication can be missed, since the cause of the bloating can be quite serious.

– Please tell us what can and cannot be eaten with flatulence? Is a special diet prescribed for patients with increased flatulence in the intestines?

Of course, following a diet will give its positive results.

Fermented milk products, cereals (buckwheat, millet), wheat bread made from coarse flour are recommended. Vegetables (in particular, carrots, beets), fruits, lean beef should be eaten boiled.

In an adult, it is recommended to exclude from the diet foods that cause gas formation in the intestines. This list includes cabbage, grapes, sorrel, gooseberries, legumes, black bread, kvass, beer, sparkling water.

Other related articles:

When is an intestinal MRI prescribed and what does it show?

Have you prescribed a gastroscopy? We pass diagnostics WITHOUT fear

Colonoscopy of the intestine – is it scary?

For information:

Antipov Alexey Viktorovich

Graduated from the Medical Institute of Tula State University in 2011.

In 2012, he graduated from an internship in Therapy.

In 2013, he underwent postgraduate professional retraining in the specialty “Gastroenterology”, and in 2015 – in the specialty “Endoscopy”.

At the present time he is working in LLC “Clinic Ekpert Tula” as a gastroenterologist.

90,000 probable causes and what to do

Like humans, pets often suffer from digestive problems due to illness or poor dietary choices.Frequent bloating in a dog’s belly can be both a sign of a feeding disorder and a serious and sometimes fatal problem. If the animal has a barely noticeable swelling that goes away after taking the drugs, the owners will simply have to reconsider their attitude towards the dog’s diet. But if the condition worsens, and the bloating increases, this is already becoming a threatening sign, and the owners need to urgently seek veterinary help, otherwise the dog may die.

What is the

state

In most cases, an increase in the abdomen and increased gas production can be a consequence of the consumption of the dog unnatural food for her – carbohydrates.Kind and loving owners, not realizing that they are harmful to the health of the pet, generously share their food from the table with him. Many dogs simply adore sweet pastries, apples, grapes, raisins, sweets. All this leads to the fact that the abdomen is greatly swollen due to increased gas production. This phenomenon is called “flatulence” and is easily eliminated by taking special medications and observing the correct diet, natural for a dog as a predator.

But in cases where the animal’s condition is not caused by the wrong food, but its state of health worsens, we are talking about serious diseases.In this case, the dog will definitely need high-quality professional help. Some conditions that cause bloating, such as volvulus, can pose an immediate threat to your dog’s life.

Reasons

If after taking carbohydrate or sweet food more than a day has passed, and the abdomen is still enlarged, the dog has a strong saliva, vomiting, the animal clearly suffers – an urgent need to contact the veterinarian. Such signs may indicate the presence of volvulus.

There are many diseases in which characteristic symptoms appear. All of them in one way or another can threaten the health and life of the dog, so the only thing to do if the dog is breathing heavily, can hardly walk, it is sick, it suffers from a huge belly is to urgently take it to the veterinary clinic. If the animal is completely weak, the doctor must be called at home.

The main reasons for the increase and soreness of the abdomen with other symptoms:

1. Helminthiasis.If the animal has not undergone regular deworming or the puppy was picked up on the street, he probably has a complete “set” of various worms. If you do not fight them, their number can constantly increase, so they get tangled in the intestines, which visually can look like a large lump in the abdomen, that is, bloating. It is necessary to drive out the worms every 3 months, regardless of whether the dog lives on the street or is constantly indoors.

2. Pyometers.This is an acute inflammatory process in the uterine cavity. Due to the ingress of infection, her cavity fills with pus, the organ greatly increases in size, as during pregnancy, and the abdomen looks swollen and painful. The disease is accompanied by an increase in temperature, severe weakness and lethargy of the animal, purulent discharge from the genitals. Urgent measures are needed to promptly remove the uterus, or the dog will die.

3. Peritonitis. A severe condition in which, for various reasons, fluid is poured into the abdominal cavity with the formation of an extensive inflammatory process and a large amount of pus.It requires urgent hospitalization, since it will not be possible to save the animal at a later date.

4. Ascites. This is a consequence of other health problems. With ascites, fluid seeps into the abdominal cavity, which constantly accumulates, and the abdomen looks taut, as in pregnancy.

Regardless of whether your dog ate something or not, if bloating symptoms persist within 24 hours, only contacting your veterinarian will help identify and eliminate the cause.

Signs of illness

Acute bloating in a dog poses a direct threat to its life if it is accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. Complete refusal to eat. It is especially dangerous if the dog does not drink water at all – this threatens with rapid dehydration.

2. Strong enlargement of the abdomen – it is swollen and painful to touch.

3. The dog can hardly walk, it has swollen hind legs, it prefers to lie on its side.

4. The animal is saliva flowing.

5. Nausea and frequent vomiting with foamy and foul-smelling contents.

If the dog has these symptoms, it should be examined immediately and treated.

Treatment methods

Treatment at home is possible only in cases where it is known for sure that the belly is swollen due to food unnatural for the dog.Veterinary drugs are used – remedies for flatulence and sorbents.

In other situations, treating bloating at home is dangerous, since the slightest delay can cost the animal’s life. Only after an accurate diagnosis, the veterinarian will know: is it possible to expel the worms, whether an urgent operation is needed, or is it possible to limit ourselves to drug therapy.

Any self-treatment can aggravate the course of the disease so much that it will lead to a strong deterioration in the health and death of the pet.

Prevention

The following are the most important preventive measures:

1. Careful observance of the rules of feeding a dog, in which any “human” food, unusual for dogs, is under the strictest prohibition.

2. Timely and regular expulsion of worms.

3. Use only high quality feed and fresh food in full compliance with hygienic rules.

4. Ensuring that the dog does not lift anything from the ground in the street. To do this, from early childhood, he is taught not to eat anything outside the house.

5. Do not feed the dog before walking. Overfilling the stomach with significant physical exertion can cause volvulus.

6. If you develop dangerous symptoms such as vomiting with foam, contact your veterinarian immediately.

It is much easier and more effective to monitor your dog’s health than trying to cure it from serious consequences.

90,000 What should you pay attention to after your surgery? / ConsultantPlus

Follow-up examinations after surgery are especially important for the timely detection of an assessment of the state of the operated vessel and identification of possible complications.

To do this, you can independently monitor the functional state of the gastrointestinal tract, evaluate such characteristics, diet, stool characteristics, the intensity of gas formation in the intestine, reactions to various foods (sometimes with the help of relatives, close ones), the possible appearance of inflammation, masses, excessive pulsation, wound discharge or tissue edema in the area of ​​surgical wounds.

It is important to regularly see a specialized surgeon, including a vascular surgeon, at the place of residence, compare the data and condition before and after the operation, undergo control ultrasound examinations, follow the recommendations of the attending physician at discharge. The frequency of the follow-up visit to the doctor and additional instrumental studies after the operation is strictly individual and is determined in conjunction with the attending physician or the doctor of the polyclinic.

Below are the main criteria on the basis of which the patient needs to see a doctor for help, while the nature of the urgency of treatment must be coordinated with the specialized medical care services (emergency medical care, outpatient care, etc.).

– The return of pain to the initial level or the appearance of intense pain in the abdomen

– The appearance of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension and other signs of intestinal dysfunction

– Lack of weight gain or progressive weight loss despite the performed surgical treatment

– The appearance of signs of wound inflammation, intense discharge from the wound, etc.

– Lack of effect from conservative treatment in case of recurrence of disease symptoms

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Delicate question.Intestinal problems during pregnancy

It is no secret that during pregnancy women have to deal with all sorts of ailments: toxicosis, convulsions, increased urination, and frequent unmotivated mood swings … All organs and systems of the expectant mother experience increased stress. It is not easy for the digestive system.

The most common problems in this area during pregnancy include constipation, hemorrhoids, heartburn, and intestinal upset and associated bloating, diarrhea, gas, discomfort and pain.Even if the overtaken disease does not pose a danger to the health of the mother and baby, it can deliver a lot of unpleasant sensations, significantly reducing the quality of life. And that means letting ailments take their course!

Constipation

From a medical point of view, constipation is considered to be the absence of stool for three or more days. In this case, the act of defecation is usually difficult, accompanied by painful sensations. Frequent companions of constipation can be abdominal pain, a feeling of incomplete bowel movement, bloating, nausea, and bitterness in the mouth.

Where is the problem? One of the causes of disturbances in natural bowel movement is hormonal changes in the body. The hormone progesterone, against the background of which the pregnancy proceeds, has a relaxing effect on the intestinal muscles, which helps to slow down the movement of feces. Over time, the growing uterus begins to press on the intestines, which disrupts its motor function, further exacerbating the problem. Improper nutrition also contributes – it is known that during this period expectant mothers change their taste preferences and increase their appetite.Experts do not deny the psychological nature of constipation. Fears that expectant mothers are exposed to, an unstable emotional background can also contribute to the development of constipation.

What to do? The main method of dealing with constipation should be diet correction. In no case should you allow large intervals between meals, as well as overeating. On a daily basis, in your diet, you must include foods that enhance intestinal motility: bread with bran, raw vegetables and fruits (especially apples, carrots, pumpkin), dried fruits, buckwheat, barley and oatmeal, meat with a lot of connective tissue, dairy products containing bifidobacteria.It is important to ensure that you are getting enough fluid. Preference should be given to non-carbonated drinking water, as well as unclarified juices with pulp rich in fiber (apricot, peach, etc.). In the morning on an empty stomach, it is useful to drink a glass of raw cold water with the addition of a spoonful of honey.

Will have to give up products that contribute to constipation. These include flour, sweet, salty, spicy, smoked, fried, etc. It is recommended to exclude from the diet foods that cause increased gas production: legumes, cabbage, onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, apple and grape juices.

Please note that laxatives are rarely prescribed during pregnancy, since by increasing intestinal motility, they can tone the uterus. However, in some cases, it is more advisable to resort to drug treatment than to suffer from constant constipation, which threatens to lead to the development of hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in the anus. According to statistics, more than 50% of expectant mothers have to deal with this problem during pregnancy.

The main symptoms of this unpleasant pathology include mucous discharge, cramps, burning, itching and discomfort in the anal area. There may also be painful sensations during bowel movements, the appearance of blood in the feces.

Clinical manifestations of the disease also depend on its stage. At the 1st stage, a woman, as a rule, does not care about anything, hemorrhoids do not come out or come out a little when straining. At the second stage, the nodes come out when straining, but they adjust back on their own.When the disease is started up to stage 3, hemorrhoids come out and do not correct back.

If a woman does not have any complaints, then during an external examination, the doctor can diagnose hemorrhoids only in the 2nd stage, since only then the inflammatory process is visible. To make a diagnosis at the 1st stage of the disease, the doctor relies on the patient’s complaints and examination of the rectum.

Where is the problem? Well, of course, hormones are to blame again! All the same hormones of the progesterone series have an antispasmodic effect: they relax all organs, including the veins.In addition, during pregnancy, the blood supply to the uterus increases, and, as a result, blood flow to the pelvic area. And the gradual growth of the fetus contributes to the fact that its head presses on the vessels and impairs blood flow.

Since the volume of circulating blood and its clotting capacity significantly increase during pregnancy, thrombosis of any localization can become a very formidable complication!

What to do? Treatment of hemorrhoids depends on the stage of the disease.If we are talking about a little symptomatic hemorrhoids of the 1st and 2nd stages, then in most cases it is enough to solve the problem of constipation by adjusting the diet, and resort to the help of physical exercises.

With uncomplicated hemorrhoids of the 2nd and 3rd stages, the patient most often has to be hospitalized, but without surgery. Complicated hemorrhoids with bleeding require surgical intervention, however, the disease rarely reaches such a neglected state.

Of course, the disease is easier to prevent than to cure.Avoiding hemorrhoids is easy. To do this, you need to monitor regular bowel movements – at least once, and preferably twice a day. Ideally, it should happen at the same time. After each act of bowel movement, be sure to wash yourself using soap and cold water. A large role in the prevention of constipation is played by the rejection of a sedentary lifestyle. Moderate physical activity – special exercises for pregnant women, walking, swimming – can help you avoid many problems. Kegel exercises are also useful – drawing in and relaxing the muscles of the perineum and anus.

A separate item in the measures for the prevention of hemorrhoids should be a proper balanced diet.

Heartburn

Heartburn is a burning sensation in the upper abdomen, sometimes reaching the esophagus and throat, caused by the acidic stomach contents being thrown into the esophagus. In addition, heartburn may be accompanied by flatulence, nausea, belching, and an unpleasant taste in the mouth. Usually, the feeling of discomfort occurs after eating or lying down.

Where is the problem? Unfortunately, heartburn is a frequent companion of pregnancy.Under the influence of progesterone already known to us, the smooth muscles of the sphincter located between the stomach and the esophagus relax, which contributes to the reflux of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus. In the second half of pregnancy, the problem is further aggravated by the growing uterus pressing on the stomach.

Overeating, insufficient chewing of food, unhealthy diet can also provoke heartburn.

What to do? To combat heartburn, experts recommend paying attention to your diet.First, food should be fractional: you need to eat often and in small portions. Secondly, you should refuse too fatty foods (especially meat and fish), carbonated drinks, fresh bread, muffins, black coffee, as well as sour and spicy foods. After eating, you should not take a horizontal position for 30-40 minutes. To relieve heartburn symptoms, your doctor may recommend taking an antacid medication.

Bowel disorder

An intestinal disorder is most often taken to mean banal diarrhea.However, depending on the severity of the disorder, it may be accompanied by vomiting, abdominal pain, bloating, fever, symptoms of body intoxication (pallor of the skin, weakness, sweating, etc.).

Where is the problem? An upset bowel movement can be caused by two main reasons. The first includes supply errors. As we have already noted, during pregnancy, taste preferences often change significantly, and appetite increases.As a result, overeating and a combination of incompatible foods may well cause indigestion with subsequent upset. The second reason is associated with an infectious factor, that is, the penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the body, for example, through the use of poor-quality food.

What to do? If the symptoms of the disorder are minor and not associated with a bacterial nature, it will be enough to temporarily limit the diet, drinking as much liquid as possible.Most likely, the doctor will prescribe a therapeutic diet. For the investment of the condition, you can take activated charcoal and an antispasmodic.

If the intestinal disorder is caused by a bacterial infection, serious medications cannot be dispensed with. In any case, only a doctor can determine the nature of the disease – in this case, self-medication is not worth it.

To avoid intestinal upset, it is enough to adhere to simple rules. Remember that pregnancy is not the best time to experiment with new foods and get acquainted with exotic dishes – try to stick to the usual foods.Wash vegetables, fruits and berries thoroughly in warm water before use. Carefully study the expiration dates of the products, observe the conditions of their storage. If you doubt the look, smell or taste of a product, don’t risk it – send it home.

Be healthy!

Head of the antenatal clinic Korban A.G.

Bloating in a dog – what to do?

Dogs, like all carnivorous animals, are alien to foods containing “fast” carbohydrates.The pet will be grateful for a piece of the bun, but it can play a cruel joke with the animal’s body.

Bloating in a dog: causes of

The consumption of foods that carry “fast energy”, including vegetables, provokes the fermentation process. The bacteria that cause this process feed on sugar and at the same time release gas, which, collecting in bubbles, accumulates in the intestinal and stomach cavity. If the pet is strong, then gas is released through the anus in a natural way.

How to independently help an animal that is constantly swollen?

• To reduce the pressure of gases, you can give Espumisan and other analogues of pediatric drugs;
• To activate the intestinal microflora, give Hilak Forte at the rate of 1 drop per 1 kg of weight;
• To relieve irritation and swelling, we use Enterosgel and Smecta;
• Duphalac gently cleanses the intestines.

These “human” drugs can be used when there is no alternative.It is better to use special veterinary means or show the animal to a doctor who, with the help of special veterinary equipment, will be able to accurately determine the diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

If the problem is resolved, congratulations! Analyze your pet’s diet and draw conclusions by elimination.

What to do if the symptoms only worsened:

• the dog whines, the hind legs are tense, the belly is puffed up even more;
• saliva flows profusely;
• gagging appeared.

If vomiting begins, give the dog Regidron, which will protect against dehydration. It may happen that after vomiting 1-2 times, the pet will feel relief. This suggests that the body coped with the problem on its own. If vomiting has been repeated more than 4 times during the day, the masses are yellow, with foam and a pungent odor – immediately go to the veterinarian!

Leaving an animal with bloating for more than a day without qualified medical assistance is dangerous. The fact is that the bloating displaces the ligaments that fix the internal organs.An awkward movement, a jump from the couch can provoke a bloat, and this will be a completely different story.

Treatment of bloating in a dog

In addition to improper nutrition, worms can be the cause of bloating. If the animal was taken from the street or simply did not drive parasites for more than a year, then a serious defeat is guaranteed. The worms curl up into a ball, which is visually similar to swelling. This is especially noticeable in small dogs.

Peritonitis, pyometra, ascites – these serious diseases of a dog can only be determined by a veterinarian.In a neglected state, the owner is usually offered the option of euthanasia.

90,000 How to get rid of bloating and flatulence

Family feasts and celebrations are, of course, wonderful. But flatulence, which often catches up with us later, is completely inappropriate! How can you avoid this?

In everyday life, we usually try to stick to our usual diet, but at festive feasts everything goes awry. We alternate fatty salads with salted fish and cucumbers, smoked sausage with ham, cheese, olives and red caviar, and then wait for dessert with pleasure! And we can be understood: at the sight of such a variety, it can be quite difficult to resist and resist temptation.But for some reason our intestines are not at all delighted!

How to deal with flatulence at home?

If in our youth we could quickly digest everything we were given, and then happily ask for supplements, then with age after such feasts we have to arrange fasting days for ourselves. Any digestive problems can disrupt your plans and cause known discomfort. To keep your gut from bothering you, use our simple tips to help you cope with unpleasant symptoms and enjoy life to its fullest.

Tips to reduce bloating at home:

Limit gassing foods. Certain foods stimulate the production of gas when digested. Therefore, if bloating becomes a problem, try to lean on less:

• Legumes
• Cabbage
• Broccoli
• Bow
• Apples

Exercises to help get rid of flatulence

To avoid the problem of bloating as much as possible, you can try doing specific exercises on a regular basis:

• To improve stomach function, alternately tense and relax your abdominal muscles at least 10-15 times.This will provide a gentle massaging effect both on the stomach and on all other internal organs.
• In parallel with the first exercise, try pulling your legs to your stomach: lie on your back, wrap your palms around your hips and gently pull them towards your stomach.