What are the types of IUDs available for birth control. How do IUDs work to prevent pregnancy. What is the effectiveness rate of IUDs compared to other contraceptive methods. What are the potential side effects and risks associated with using an IUD. Who are ideal candidates for IUD use. How is an IUD inserted and what can be expected during the procedure. What are the costs involved in getting an IUD.

Understanding Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): Types and Mechanisms

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) have emerged as a popular and highly effective form of long-acting reversible contraception. These small, T-shaped devices are inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. There are two main types of IUDs available:

• Copper IUDs
• Hormonal IUDs (releasing progestin)

Copper IUDs work by creating an environment that is toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization. They may also impede the implantation of a fertilized egg. Hormonal IUDs, on the other hand, release small amounts of progestin, which thickens cervical mucus, thins the uterine lining, and in some cases, suppresses ovulation.

Is there a difference in effectiveness between copper and hormonal IUDs? Both types are highly effective, with fewer than 1 in 100 women experiencing an unintended pregnancy within the first year of use. This makes IUDs one of the most reliable forms of contraception available.

The Longevity and Versatility of IUDs in Family Planning

One of the most appealing aspects of IUDs is their long-lasting nature. Copper IUDs can remain effective for up to 10 years, while hormonal IUDs typically last between 3 to 6 years, depending on the specific brand. This extended duration makes IUDs an excellent choice for individuals who want to delay or prevent pregnancy for an extended period.

Can an IUD be removed before its expiration date? Yes, a healthcare provider can remove an IUD at any time, allowing for a quick return to fertility if desired. This flexibility is particularly beneficial for those who may want to conceive in the future but are not ready for parenthood at present.

Additional Benefits of Hormonal IUDs

Beyond contraception, hormonal IUDs offer additional benefits for some users. They can help reduce heavy menstrual bleeding and alleviate menstrual cramps. For individuals with conditions such as endometriosis or adenomyosis, hormonal IUDs may provide symptomatic relief.

IUD Effectiveness and STD Protection: What You Need to Know

While IUDs are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, they do not offer protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). It’s crucial for sexually active individuals to understand this limitation.

How can IUD users protect themselves against STDs? Consistent use of condoms in addition to the IUD is recommended for protection against STDs. This dual method approach provides comprehensive protection against both unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.

It’s important to note that abstinence remains the only 100% effective method for preventing both pregnancy and STDs. However, for sexually active individuals, combining an IUD with condom use offers a high level of protection.

Potential Side Effects and Risks Associated with IUD Use

While IUDs are generally safe and well-tolerated, like all medical interventions, they can come with potential side effects. Understanding these can help individuals make informed decisions about their contraceptive choices.

What are the most common side effects of IUDs?

• Irregular bleeding patterns, especially in the first few months
• Heavier periods and increased cramping with copper IUDs
• Lighter or absent periods with some hormonal IUDs
• Hormonal side effects such as mood changes, headaches, acne, or breast tenderness with hormonal IUDs

Are there any serious risks associated with IUD use? While rare, more serious complications can occur:

1. Expulsion: The IUD may be pushed out of the uterus, either partially or completely.
2. Perforation: In extremely rare cases, the IUD might penetrate the uterine wall during insertion.
3. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): There’s a slight risk of infection, primarily in the first 20 days after insertion.

Regular check-ups and being aware of any unusual symptoms can help mitigate these risks. It’s crucial to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider throughout your use of an IUD.

Ideal Candidates for IUD Use: Who Should Consider This Option?

IUDs are suitable for a wide range of individuals, including nulliparous women (those who have never given birth) and adolescents. However, certain factors may make an IUD less suitable for some people.

Who might not be an ideal candidate for an IUD?

• Individuals with active pelvic infections or certain STDs
• Those who are pregnant or suspect they might be pregnant
• People with certain uterine abnormalities or conditions causing abnormal bleeding
• Individuals with a known allergy to components of the IUD

Healthcare providers conduct thorough screenings before IUD insertion to ensure it’s a safe and appropriate option for each individual. This typically includes a medical history review, physical examination, and sometimes additional tests.

IUDs for Adolescents and Young Adults

In recent years, there has been growing recognition of IUDs as an excellent contraceptive option for younger individuals. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) both endorse IUDs as a first-line contraceptive choice for adolescents.

Why are IUDs particularly suitable for younger users? Their long-acting nature, high effectiveness, and the fact that they require no daily adherence make them an ideal choice for many adolescents and young adults. Additionally, the ability to quickly return to fertility upon removal aligns well with the family planning needs of this demographic.

The IUD Insertion Process: What to Expect

Understanding the IUD insertion process can help alleviate anxiety and ensure a more comfortable experience. The procedure is typically quick, lasting only a few minutes, and can be performed in a healthcare provider’s office or clinic.

What steps are involved in IUD insertion?

1. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix.
2. The cervix and vagina are cleansed with an antiseptic solution.
3. The healthcare provider may measure the depth and position of the uterus.
4. The IUD is inserted through the cervix into the uterus using a special applicator.
5. The strings of the IUD are trimmed, leaving them long enough to be felt at the cervix.

Is IUD insertion painful? Many women experience some discomfort or cramping during and immediately after insertion. This is usually manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers. Some healthcare providers may recommend taking pain medication before the procedure to minimize discomfort.

Post-Insertion Care and Follow-up

After IUD insertion, it’s normal to experience some cramping and spotting. These symptoms typically subside within a few days to weeks. Patients are usually advised to avoid tampons and sexual intercourse for a short period after insertion to reduce the risk of infection.

A follow-up appointment is typically scheduled 4-6 weeks after insertion to ensure proper placement and address any concerns. Regular check-ups thereafter can help ensure the continued effectiveness and safety of the IUD.

Cost Considerations and Insurance Coverage for IUDs

The cost of an IUD can vary widely depending on factors such as the type of IUD, healthcare provider, and insurance coverage. While the upfront cost may seem high, it’s important to consider the long-term value given the extended duration of effectiveness.

How much does an IUD typically cost? Without insurance, IUDs can range from $500 to $1,300, including the device and insertion procedure. However, many insurance plans cover IUDs at little to no cost to the patient under preventive care provisions.

For those without insurance or with limited coverage, options exist to make IUDs more accessible:

• Family planning clinics often offer sliding scale fees based on income
• Some pharmaceutical companies have patient assistance programs
• Title X-funded clinics provide reproductive health services, including IUDs, at reduced costs

When considering the cost, it’s crucial to factor in the long-term savings compared to other contraceptive methods. Over its lifespan, an IUD often proves to be more cost-effective than monthly contraceptive options like pills or patches.

Monitoring and Maintaining IUD Effectiveness: When to Seek Medical Attention

While IUDs are low-maintenance contraceptives, users should remain vigilant about certain signs and symptoms that may indicate a problem. Knowing when to seek medical attention is crucial for maintaining the effectiveness and safety of the device.

What are the warning signs that require medical evaluation?

• Suspicion of pregnancy
• Noticeable changes in the length of the IUD strings
• Unusual vaginal discharge or odor
• Persistent cramping or pelvic pain
• Unexplained fever or chills
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding

How can users check their IUD? Many healthcare providers recommend that users perform a monthly string check. This involves gently feeling for the IUD strings at the cervix to ensure the device remains in place. If the strings feel longer or shorter than usual, or can’t be felt at all, it’s important to use backup contraception and consult a healthcare provider promptly.

Long-term Considerations and IUD Replacement

As the expiration date of an IUD approaches, users should consult with their healthcare provider about removal or replacement. Some individuals choose to have a new IUD inserted immediately after the removal of the expired one, ensuring continuous contraceptive coverage.

Can an IUD be left in place beyond its recommended lifespan? While some studies suggest that certain IUDs may remain effective beyond their FDA-approved duration, it’s generally recommended to adhere to the manufacturer’s guidelines. Discuss any desire to extend use beyond the recommended timeframe with a healthcare provider.

Debunking Common Myths and Misconceptions About IUDs

Despite their effectiveness and popularity, IUDs are still subject to various myths and misconceptions. Addressing these can help individuals make more informed decisions about their contraceptive choices.

What are some common myths about IUDs?

1. Myth: IUDs cause infertility
   Reality: IUDs do not affect long-term fertility. Once removed, fertility typically returns quickly.
2. Myth: IUDs are only for women who have already had children
   Reality: IUDs are safe and effective for most women, regardless of whether they’ve given birth.
3. Myth: IUDs frequently cause ectopic pregnancies
   Reality: While IUDs don’t prevent ectopic pregnancies, they significantly reduce the overall risk of pregnancy, including ectopic ones.
4. Myth: IUDs often move around in the body
   Reality: IUD migration is rare. Most remain properly positioned throughout their lifespan.
5. Myth: Partners can feel the IUD during intercourse
   Reality: While the strings may occasionally be felt, the IUD itself should not be noticeable during sex.

How can individuals get accurate information about IUDs? Consulting with healthcare providers, reputable medical websites, and family planning clinics can provide reliable, up-to-date information about IUDs and other contraceptive options.

The Future of IUD Technology

Research in contraceptive technology continues to advance, with ongoing efforts to improve IUD designs and expand their applications. Some areas of development include:

• IUDs with lower hormone doses or novel hormone formulations
• Biodegradable IUDs that don’t require removal
• IUDs that can deliver medications for conditions beyond contraception
• Improved insertion techniques to enhance comfort and reduce risks

These advancements may further increase the appeal and accessibility of IUDs as a contraceptive option in the future.

Making an Informed Decision: Weighing the Pros and Cons of IUDs

Choosing a contraceptive method is a personal decision that should be based on individual needs, preferences, and medical considerations. IUDs offer numerous advantages but also come with potential drawbacks that should be carefully considered.

What are the main advantages of IUDs?

• High effectiveness in preventing pregnancy
• Long-lasting contraception without daily maintenance
• Reversible with quick return to fertility
• Cost-effective over time
• Hormone-free option available (copper IUD)
• Potential to reduce menstrual symptoms (hormonal IUDs)

What are the potential drawbacks of IUDs?

• Initial discomfort during insertion
• Possible changes in menstrual patterns
• No protection against STDs
• Small risk of expulsion or perforation
• Upfront cost may be high without insurance coverage
• Not suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions

How can individuals determine if an IUD is right for them? Consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial. They can provide personalized advice based on medical history, lifestyle factors, and contraceptive goals. Many providers offer contraceptive counseling sessions to explore all available options and help patients make informed decisions.

The Role of Patient Education and Informed Consent

Comprehensive patient education is essential in the IUD decision-making process. Healthcare providers should ensure that patients understand:

• How the chosen IUD works
• Potential side effects and risks
• Proper care and monitoring
• Signs that require medical attention
• The importance of regular check-ups

Informed consent involves not only understanding these aspects but also feeling comfortable asking questions and expressing concerns. Patients should feel empowered to actively participate in their contraceptive choices.

In conclusion, IUDs represent a highly effective, long-acting, and reversible contraceptive option suitable for many individuals. By understanding the types available, their mechanisms of action, potential side effects, and considerations for use, individuals can make informed decisions about whether an IUD aligns with their reproductive health needs and goals. As with any medical decision, consulting with healthcare providers and staying informed about the latest developments in contraceptive technology can help ensure the best possible outcomes for reproductive health and family planning.

The IUD (for Teens) – Nemours KidsHealth

What Is an IUD?

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a piece of T-shaped plastic, about the size of a quarter, that is placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Two types of IUDs are available: one is covered with copper, the other releases the hormone progestin.

How Does an IUD Work?

The copper-coated IUD prevents pregnancy by not allowing the sperm to fertilize the egg. It may also make it harder for a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus.

An IUD coated with progestin works in a similar way, but also thickens the cervical mucus and thins the uterine lining. In some cases, it stops
ovulation(the release of an egg during the monthly cycle). This prevents sperm from fertilizing the egg and implanting.

A progestin IUD also can be used to help reduce blood flow if you have heavy or painful periods.

How Well Does an IUD Work to Prevent Pregnancy?

Both types of IUDs are very effective at preventing pregnancy. Over the course of a year, fewer than 1 out of 100 typical couples using an IUD will have an accidental pregnancy.

The copper IUD is effective as soon as it is put in and lasts up to 10 years. Progestin IUDs can work for 3 to 6 years, depending on the brand. This makes the IUD a good option for anyone who isn’t ready to start a family. Even though an IUD can stay in place for a long time, the doctor or nurse practitioner can remove it at any time.

Does an IUD Help Prevent STDs?

No. The IUD does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Couples who are having sex must always use condoms along with the IUD to protect against STDs.

A doctor or nurse practitioner will check to be sure a woman doesn’t have any STDs before putting in an IUD. Getting an IUD put in while she has an STD could lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Abstinence (not having sex) is the only method that always prevents pregnancy and STDs.

Are There Any Problems With IUDs?

The most common side effects of the IUD include:

• irregular bleeding for the first few months
• with the copper IUD, heavier periods with more cramps
• lighter and shorter periods (or no periods) with some kinds of progestin IUDs
• PMS-like symptoms such as moodiness, headaches, acne, nausea, and breast tenderness with the hormonal IUD

Rare problems include:

Expulsion. An IUD can come out of the uterus by accident (called “expulsion”). Sometimes a woman doesn’t know this has happened. If an IUD comes even part of the way out, it does not protect against pregnancy. After someone has an IUD inserted, she’ll need to go back for a follow-up visit to check that the IUD is properly in place.

Perforation of the uterus. There’s an extremely small risk that an IUD might push through the wall of the uterus while it is being put in.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). There’s a very low risk of infection from bacteria getting into the uterus during IUD insertion. Most such infections happen in the first 20 days after placement of the IUD.

Who Is an IUD Right for?

IUDs are a good birth control option for many people, but aren’t recommended for someone:

• with PID or an active STD infection
• who is already pregnant or may be pregnant
• who has problems with her uterus, like a disease or malformation, or has abnormal bleeding

Experts recommend IUDs as a good birth control option for younger adults and teens because they last for many years, need no daily care, and are very effective at preventing pregnancy.

Where Are IUDs Available?

An IUD must be inserted by a doctor or
nurse practitioner. This can be done at the doctor’s office, or at a health clinic, like Planned Parenthood. It can be inserted anytime during a menstrual cycle as long as there’s no existing pregnancy.

How Is an IUD Put In?

The doctor or nurse practitioner puts the IUD in through the vagina, past the cervix, and into the uterus. This only takes a few minutes from start to finish. You might feel some cramping during the placement, but it gets better within a few minutes.

Taking it easy for the rest of the day, using a heating pad, and taking over-the-counter pain medicine can help with any discomfort after the IUD is placed.

How Much Does an IUD Cost?

The cost  of an IUD can vary depending on your health insurance and the type of IUD. Many health insurance plans cover the costs, and family planning clinics (such as Planned Parenthood) may charge less, particularly for teens and young adults.

Because an IUD lasts for many years, the cost works out to about the same as monthly birth control methods, such as the Pill or ring.

When Should I Call the Doctor?

If you have an IUD, call the doctor if you:

• might be pregnant
• notice a chance in the length of the IUD string
• have a change in the smell or color of vaginal discharge
• have lasting cramping or pain
• have unexplained fever or chills
• have belly or pelvic pain
• have pain during sex
• have heavy or long-lasting vaginal bleeding

Medically reviewed by: Lonna P. Gordon, MD

Date reviewed: January 2022

IUD Birth Control | Info About Mirena & Paragard IUDs

In This Section

• IUD

• How effective are IUDs?

• How can I get an IUD?

• What’s an IUD insertion like?

• Are there IUD side effects?

• How safe are IUDs?

• What are the benefits of IUDs?

• What are the disadvantages of IUDs?

• How does IUD removal work?

• What are hormonal IUDs?

• What are non-hormonal IUDs?

What is an IUD? Learn About IUD Effectiveness | Planned Parenthood Video

What’s an IUD?

An IUD is a tiny device that’s put into your uterus to prevent pregnancy. It’s long-term, reversible, and one of the most effective birth control methods out there.

What does IUD stand for?

IUD stands for Intrauterine Device (basically: a device inside your uterus). It’s a small piece of flexible plastic shaped like a T. Sometimes it’s called an IUC — intrauterine contraception.

What are the types of IUDs?

There are 5 different brands of IUDs that are FDA approved for use in the United States:

1. Paragard,
2. Mirena,
3. Kyleena,
4. Liletta, and
5. Skyla.

These IUDs are divided into 2 types:

1. hormonal IUDs (Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, and Skyla).
2. copper IUDs (Paragard) and

The Paragard IUD doesn’t have hormones. It’s wrapped in a tiny bit of copper, and it protects you from pregnancy for up to 12 years.

The Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, and Skyla IUDs use the hormone progestin to prevent pregnancy. Progestin is very similar to the hormone progesterone that our bodies make naturally. Mirena works for up to 8 years. Kyleena works for up to 5 years. Liletta works for up to 8 years. Skyla works for up to 3 years.

How do IUDs work?

Both copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs prevent pregnancy by changing the way sperm cells move so they can’t get to an egg. If sperm can’t make it to an egg, pregnancy can’t happen.

The Paragard IUD uses copper to prevent pregnancy. Sperm doesn’t like copper, so the Paragard IUD makes it almost impossible for sperm to get to that egg.

The hormones in the Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, and Skyla IUDs prevent pregnancy in two ways: 1) they thicken the mucus that lives on the cervix, which blocks and traps the sperm, and 2) the hormones also sometimes stop eggs from leaving your ovaries (called ovulation), which means there’s no egg for a sperm to fertilize. No egg, no pregnancy.

One of the awesome things about IUDs is that they last for years — but they’re not permanent. If you decide to get pregnant or you just don’t want to have your IUD anymore, your nurse or doctor can quickly and easily take it out. You’re able to get pregnant right after the IUD is removed.

Can IUDs be used as emergency contraception?

Yes! The Paragard, Mirena, and Liletta IUDs work super well as emergency contraception. If you get one of these IUDs put in within 120 hours (5 days) after unprotected sex, it’s more than 99% effective. It’s actually the most effective way to prevent pregnancy after sex.

Another great thing about using an IUD as emergency contraception: you can keep it and have really effective birth control that you can use for up to 8 to12 years (depending on which kind you get). The other kind of emergency contraception is the morning-after pill. You can take it up to 5 days after unprotected sex to reduce the risk of pregnancy.

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IUD

• 99% effective

• Costs up to $1,300, but can be $0

• Put in by a doctor or nurse

• Lasts up to 12 years

This IUD doesn’t protect you from STDs. Use a condom with your IUD to help stop pregnancy and STDs.

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Intravaginal contraception | KLRTS

Moscow, st. Partizanskaya, 41

Kuntsevsky
medical and rehabilitation center.

Specialists

Intravaginal contraception is the prevention of pregnancy in every possible way. There are many contraceptives of varying effectiveness.
But still in Russia they do a lot of abortions, mostly at the request of a woman.

How to use intravaginal contraceptives and what results to expect, we will talk about this on this page.

Which doctor to contact

To decide which vaginal contraceptive option is right for you, you need an examination and consultation with a gynecologist. Only a specialist who has studied the characteristics of your body can choose the best option for protection.

Varieties of methods

The best way to avoid unplanned pregnancy and prevent the development of female pathologies is the right choice of contraception. A gynecologist will conduct an examination and select a contraceptive on a personal basis.

Male condom is the most effective contraceptive. The tool protects against unplanned pregnancy and all sexually transmitted infections. Suitable for almost everyone, if there is no allergy to latex. The advantage of this method is affordability and prevalence. The disadvantage is that the condom often breaks, which can cause pregnancy. In addition, the condom reduces sensitivity in closeness. The effectiveness of the tool is estimated at 85-95%. Suitable for people who have an intense sex life.

Female condom – is a bag of elastic material, inserted into the vagina. The tool is less effective, as it breaks much more often. In addition, the partner’s penis may be between the wall of the vagina and the condom. Efficiency also ranges from 85 to 95%.

Hormonal preparations – are considered a reliable method in terms of protection against unwanted conception. But a woman must completely trust her partner, since the funds do not protect against infectious diseases. Tablets must be selected individually, taking into account the characteristics of the female body. The drugs have side effects, such as being overweight. The remedy must be drunk for 21 days at the same time. If you skip taking the drug, you can get pregnant.

Tablets cope well with hormonal imbalance, regulate the menstrual cycle, allow you to get rid of severe pain during menstruation, acne and hair loss. It is recommended to take medicines for women after 25 years, since in younger girls a growing body gives fluctuations in hormonal levels. Efficiency – 95-100% with the correct use of the drug.

Intrauterine device – suitable for women with children who have a regular sex life. The device is inserted into the uterine cavity for 3-5 years. In the absence of contraindications, the spiral does not cause any trouble to the patient. The product serves as a means of protection against unwanted pregnancy for 90-95%. It is necessary to undergo an examination before putting a spiral.

Making an appointment with a gynecologist

To make an appointment, choose any method:

• call the clinic +7 (495) 103-99-55,
• order a callback,
• leave an application for an appointment, through a convenient form on the website:

Appointments

Diaphragms and caps – devices that are inserted into the vagina every time before sex. The product must remain inside for at least 6 hours after intercourse. The effectiveness of the contraceptive is 90-98%, and depends on the woman’s attention to the time of installation and withdrawal.

Vaginal ring – a round device inserted into the vagina and releases special hormones into the blood. The ring is installed for a month and does not interfere with sexual relations. Efficiency is 91-99%. The contraceptive is changed every cycle.

Vaginal suppositories – disposable product, enough for about an hour. Apply immediately before sexual intercourse. Suitable for women who lead an irregular intimate life, nursing mothers, nulliparous women. They protect against unplanned conception by 80-90%. They protect against many infectious diseases, in particular – from HIV. But the threat of infection is not completely eliminated.

Vaginal sponge is a small swab impregnated with a spermicidal solution. The sponge adheres tightly to the wall of the uterus. Combines chemical and mechanical protection. Efficiency ranges from 80 to 95% when administered correctly. Shown to nursing mothers, as they do not change the hormonal background.

Emergency methods of contraception . These drugs are highly effective in protecting against unwanted pregnancy. They are used by women in case of “fire” contraception: condom breakage, casual relationships, violence. The tool can be used within 5 days after sexual intercourse, but the sooner you start taking it, the higher the effectiveness – 95-100%. A side effect may be a permanent cycle disorder.

In practice, people often use physiological methods such as coitus interruptus and douching. But, I must say that these methods do not give a 100% guarantee. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Which method is right for you, experienced specialists know.

Why is it worth getting an examination in our clinic? Experienced doctors will conduct a comprehensive examination of the patient for intravaginal contraception:

• cytology,
• general blood tests,
• hormonal tests,
• bacteriological smear culture,
• colposcopy;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Based on the study, taking into account age, sexual activity, and the structure of internal organs, the gynecologist will compile a list of options that are right for you.

If coil insertion is required, this process can be provided here at the clinic. The doctor will talk with the patient about the regularity of sexual relations and the need for safety from infectious and viral diseases. Together you will choose the right contraceptive for you.

Doctors of the highest category work in the Kuntsevsky Medical Center. The use of modern equipment and high-tech devices give excellent results. Sign up for our clinic!

You may find it useful:

• Gynecologist’s appointment
• Urologist’s appointment
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Ultrasound examinations (ultrasound)
• Laboratory Diagnostics
• Colposcopy
• Endocrinologist appointment
• Dermatologist appointment
• Therapeutic massage
• Physiotherapy
• Reflexology
• Dermatoscopy

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7 types of female contraception: From patches to pills

0:00 GMT+06 • 13 August, 2019

11 minutes

Darina Zhunusova

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Finding the best contraceptive is like looking for a life partner . We will help shorten this path. We analyze seven types of contraception and tell you which one and why is right for you.

We remind you that before using any contraceptive, you must always consult a doctor.

Birth control pills

Photo: Getty Images comfort on hormones, supplementing estrogen and progesterone levels. “These hormones suppress ovulation, thicken cervical mucus, and thin the lining of the uterus,” says Amy Bryant, MD, professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the Medical University of North Carolina.

Efficacy of the tablet: If you follow the instructions and take the tablets at the same time every day, then their effectiveness is estimated at 98%. But at the slightest violation, the effectiveness of the tablets is reduced to 92%.

Side effects: The general side effects of the tablets are quite mild: nausea, soreness in the chest, headaches.

Positive Side Effects: Tablets may reduce cramps and help with irregular cycles. Because the pills prevent ovulation, they help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, experts at the Mayo Clinic say.

How to know if pills are right for me: “If you’re a woman who doesn’t have problems taking pills every day and doesn’t have risk factors like smoking or high blood pressure, then pills might be right for you,” says Dr. Bryant.

Patch

Photo: Getty Images

How the patch works: Once applied to the skin, it releases hormones into the human body. Hormones only work for seven days. Therefore, the patch must be changed weekly. Just like with tablets, regularity is important in using the patch.

Effectiveness of the patch: The contraceptive patch can prevent unwanted pregnancy by 98% if used correctly, but if used incorrectly, the figure drops to 91%.

Side effects: Side effects from the patch are generally not significant. Nausea, chest pain and headaches may occur, especially in the first few months of use. Also according to Dr. Bryant, the patch contains a higher dose of estrogen than the pill and may increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.

How to know if the patch is right for me: This type of contraception is not suitable for smokers or women with high blood pressure.

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

Photo: Getty Images to take a smear). The IUD prevents sperm from reaching your eggs. This type of contraception, unlike pills or patches, does not affect menstruation.

IUD Efficiency: The IUD guarantees birth control over 99%. Its effectiveness cannot be reduced under any circumstances.

IUD side effects: According to Dr. Bryant, there may be some discharge at first. Soreness in the area of ​​​​the mammary glands or acne is not for long.

How do I know if the IUD is right for me: Women usually speak positively about the IUD, because the system is put on for several years – from three to ten. If your period is painful and causes cramps, a hormonal IUD can help relieve period pain.

If you are looking for a non-hormonal method of contraception, copper IUD is the most suitable.

Implant

Photo: Getty Images

How the implant works: A small piece of plastic (the size of a match) is inserted under the skin on the arm. “Every day, it releases a small amount of a hormone that suppresses ovulation, thickens cervical mucus, and evens out the lining of the uterus,” says Dr. Bryant.

Implant efficiency: This type of contraception is considered the most effective, as it guarantees more than 99.5% birth control.

Implant side effects: This form of contraception has the usual list of potential side effects: breast tenderness and headaches. There may also be mood swings and decreased sex drive, according to Mayo Clinic experts. The other most common side effect is temporary bleeding.

How to know if an implant is right for me: This type of contraception is suitable for those who don’t like the idea of ​​placing something in their uterus. In addition, the implant is effective for three years.

Vaginal ring

Photo: Getty Images It blocks ovulation with estrogen and progesterone. “The patient is inserted into the vaginal ring once a month. They absorb hormones,” says Heather Bell, MD, a board-certified gynecologist in Illinois.

Ring Effectiveness: The ring is 91% effective according to the CDC.

Side effects: The ring has side effects that are similar to pills and other hormonal birth control methods. Some bleeding may occur in the first few months.

How to know if a vaginal ring is right for me: The ring contains a lower dose of estrogen than most pills. Therefore, if you are afraid of hormonal contraceptives, a ring may be a more attractive option for you.

Condoms

Photo: Getty Images atoms in the uterus. This is the only type of contraception that will protect not only from unwanted pregnancy, but also from sexually transmitted infections.

Condom effectiveness: Given the possibility of user negligence, the guaranteed effectiveness of condoms is estimated at only 82%.

Side effects of condoms: “Condom use can reduce sexual pleasure for some. Some may also experience an allergy or irritation,” says Dr. Bryant.

How do I know if condoms are right for me? Contraceptives for adolescents should protect not only from unwanted pregnancy, but also from sexually transmitted diseases, as well as HIV infection.

Emergency contraception (“morning pill”)

Photo: Getty Images ovulation delay.