What is an IUD? How well does it prevent pregnancy? What are the side effects? Learn everything you need to know about female birth control IUDs.

What Is an IUD?

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped plastic device that is placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. There are two main types of IUDs: copper IUDs and hormonal (progestin) IUDs. Both are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, with less than 1 in 100 couples experiencing an accidental pregnancy while using an IUD over the course of a year.

How Do IUDs Work?

Copper IUDs prevent pregnancy by not allowing sperm to fertilize the egg. They may also make it more difficult for a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus. Hormonal IUDs, on the other hand, work by thickening the cervical mucus to block sperm, thinning the uterine lining, and in some cases, preventing ovulation altogether.

Effectiveness of IUDs in Preventing Pregnancy

IUDs are incredibly effective at preventing pregnancy, with both copper and hormonal IUDs having a failure rate of less than 1% over the course of a year. This makes them one of the most effective forms of birth control available.

Potential Side Effects of IUDs

The most common side effects of IUDs include irregular bleeding, heavier periods with more cramps (with copper IUDs), lighter and shorter periods or no periods at all (with hormonal IUDs), and PMS-like symptoms like moodiness, headaches, acne, nausea, and breast tenderness (with hormonal IUDs). Rare problems include expulsion of the IUD and, in very rare cases, perforation of the uterus.

Who Is an IUD Right For?

IUDs are generally recommended for younger adults and teens, as they are highly effective, low-maintenance, and long-lasting. However, they may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, active STD infections, or uterine abnormalities.

Where Can I Get an IUD?

IUDs must be inserted by a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or nurse practitioner. They can be obtained at a doctor’s office, a family planning clinic, or a place like Planned Parenthood. The insertion process typically takes just a few minutes and may cause some discomfort, but over-the-counter pain medication and rest can help alleviate any discomfort afterward.

Cost of IUDs

The cost of an IUD can vary depending on your health insurance coverage and the type of IUD you choose. Many health insurance plans cover the full cost of IUDs, and family planning clinics may offer more affordable options, particularly for teens and young adults. Despite the initial cost, IUDs are a cost-effective option in the long run due to their long-lasting effectiveness.

When to Call a Doctor

If you have an IUD, it’s important to call your doctor if you think you might be pregnant, notice a change in the length of the IUD string, have a change in the smell or color of your vaginal discharge, experience lasting cramping or pain, have an unexplained fever or chills, or have any other concerns about your IUD.

Key Takeaways

• IUDs are highly effective, long-lasting, and low-maintenance forms of birth control.
• Copper IUDs prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm, while hormonal IUDs also thin the uterine lining and may prevent ovulation.
• Common side effects include irregular bleeding, heavier periods, and PMS-like symptoms, but serious complications are rare.
• IUDs are generally recommended for younger adults and teens, but individuals with certain medical conditions may not be suitable candidates.
• IUDs must be inserted by a healthcare professional and the cost can vary, but many insurance plans cover the full cost.
• It’s important to contact your doctor if you have any concerns about your IUD, such as potential pregnancy or changes in your body.

Conclusion

IUDs are a highly effective and long-lasting form of birth control that can be a great option for many younger adults and teens. While they do come with some potential side effects, the benefits often outweigh the risks for those looking for a low-maintenance and reliable form of contraception. By understanding how IUDs work, their effectiveness, and the potential issues to watch out for, individuals can make an informed decision about whether an IUD is the right choice for their reproductive health needs.

The IUD (for Teens) – Nemours KidsHealth

What Is an IUD?

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a piece of T-shaped plastic, about the size of a quarter, that is placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Two types of IUDs are available: one is covered with copper, the other releases the hormone progestin.

How Does an IUD Work?

The copper-coated IUD prevents pregnancy by not allowing the sperm to fertilize the egg. It may also make it harder for a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus.

An IUD coated with progestin works in a similar way, but also thickens the cervical mucus and thins the uterine lining. In some cases, it stops
ovulation(the release of an egg during the monthly cycle). This prevents sperm from fertilizing the egg and implanting.

A progestin IUD also can be used to help reduce blood flow if you have heavy or painful periods.

How Well Does an IUD Work to Prevent Pregnancy?

Both types of IUDs are very effective at preventing pregnancy. Over the course of a year, fewer than 1 out of 100 typical couples using an IUD will have an accidental pregnancy.

The copper IUD is effective as soon as it is put in and lasts up to 10 years. Progestin IUDs can work for 3 to 6 years, depending on the brand. This makes the IUD a good option for anyone who isn’t ready to start a family. Even though an IUD can stay in place for a long time, the doctor or nurse practitioner can remove it at any time.

Does an IUD Help Prevent STDs?

No. The IUD does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Couples who are having sex must always use condoms along with the IUD to protect against STDs.

A doctor or nurse practitioner will check to be sure a woman doesn’t have any STDs before putting in an IUD. Getting an IUD put in while she has an STD could lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

Abstinence (not having sex) is the only method that always prevents pregnancy and STDs.

Are There Any Problems With IUDs?

The most common side effects of the IUD include:

• irregular bleeding for the first few months
• with the copper IUD, heavier periods with more cramps
• lighter and shorter periods (or no periods) with some kinds of progestin IUDs
• PMS-like symptoms such as moodiness, headaches, acne, nausea, and breast tenderness with the hormonal IUD

Rare problems include:

Expulsion. An IUD can come out of the uterus by accident (called “expulsion”). Sometimes a woman doesn’t know this has happened. If an IUD comes even part of the way out, it does not protect against pregnancy. After someone has an IUD inserted, she’ll need to go back for a follow-up visit to check that the IUD is properly in place.

Perforation of the uterus. There’s an extremely small risk that an IUD might push through the wall of the uterus while it is being put in.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). There’s a very low risk of infection from bacteria getting into the uterus during IUD insertion. Most such infections happen in the first 20 days after placement of the IUD.

Who Is an IUD Right for?

IUDs are a good birth control option for many people, but aren’t recommended for someone:

• with PID or an active STD infection
• who is already pregnant or may be pregnant
• who has problems with her uterus, like a disease or malformation, or has abnormal bleeding

Experts recommend IUDs as a good birth control option for younger adults and teens because they last for many years, need no daily care, and are very effective at preventing pregnancy.

Where Are IUDs Available?

An IUD must be inserted by a doctor or
nurse practitioner. This can be done at the doctor’s office, or at a health clinic, like Planned Parenthood. It can be inserted anytime during a menstrual cycle as long as there’s no existing pregnancy.

How Is an IUD Put In?

The doctor or nurse practitioner puts the IUD in through the vagina, past the cervix, and into the uterus. This only takes a few minutes from start to finish. You might feel some cramping during the placement, but it gets better within a few minutes.

Taking it easy for the rest of the day, using a heating pad, and taking over-the-counter pain medicine can help with any discomfort after the IUD is placed.

How Much Does an IUD Cost?

The cost  of an IUD can vary depending on your health insurance and the type of IUD. Many health insurance plans cover the costs, and family planning clinics (such as Planned Parenthood) may charge less, particularly for teens and young adults.

Because an IUD lasts for many years, the cost works out to about the same as monthly birth control methods, such as the Pill or ring.

When Should I Call the Doctor?

If you have an IUD, call the doctor if you:

• might be pregnant
• notice a chance in the length of the IUD string
• have a change in the smell or color of vaginal discharge
• have lasting cramping or pain
• have unexplained fever or chills
• have belly or pelvic pain
• have pain during sex
• have heavy or long-lasting vaginal bleeding

Medically reviewed by: Lonna P. Gordon, MD

Date reviewed: January 2022

IUD Birth Control | Info About Mirena & Paragard IUDs

In This Section

• IUD

• How effective are IUDs?

• How can I get an IUD?

• What’s an IUD insertion like?

• Are there IUD side effects?

• How safe are IUDs?

• What are the benefits of IUDs?

• What are the disadvantages of IUDs?

• How does IUD removal work?

• What are hormonal IUDs?

• What are non-hormonal IUDs?

What is an IUD? Learn About IUD Effectiveness | Planned Parenthood Video

What’s an IUD?

An IUD is a tiny device that’s put into your uterus to prevent pregnancy. It’s long-term, reversible, and one of the most effective birth control methods out there.

What does IUD stand for?

IUD stands for Intrauterine Device (basically: a device inside your uterus). It’s a small piece of flexible plastic shaped like a T. Sometimes it’s called an IUC — intrauterine contraception.

What are the types of IUDs?

There are 5 different brands of IUDs that are FDA approved for use in the United States:

1. Paragard,
2. Mirena,
3. Kyleena,
4. Liletta, and
5. Skyla.

These IUDs are divided into 2 types:

1. hormonal IUDs (Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, and Skyla).
2. copper IUDs (Paragard) and

The Paragard IUD doesn’t have hormones. It’s wrapped in a tiny bit of copper, and it protects you from pregnancy for up to 12 years.

The Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, and Skyla IUDs use the hormone progestin to prevent pregnancy. Progestin is very similar to the hormone progesterone that our bodies make naturally. Mirena works for up to 8 years. Kyleena works for up to 5 years. Liletta works for up to 8 years. Skyla works for up to 3 years.

How do IUDs work?

Both copper IUDs and hormonal IUDs prevent pregnancy by changing the way sperm cells move so they can’t get to an egg. If sperm can’t make it to an egg, pregnancy can’t happen.

The Paragard IUD uses copper to prevent pregnancy. Sperm doesn’t like copper, so the Paragard IUD makes it almost impossible for sperm to get to that egg.

The hormones in the Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, and Skyla IUDs prevent pregnancy in two ways: 1) they thicken the mucus that lives on the cervix, which blocks and traps the sperm, and 2) the hormones also sometimes stop eggs from leaving your ovaries (called ovulation), which means there’s no egg for a sperm to fertilize. No egg, no pregnancy.

One of the awesome things about IUDs is that they last for years — but they’re not permanent. If you decide to get pregnant or you just don’t want to have your IUD anymore, your nurse or doctor can quickly and easily take it out. You’re able to get pregnant right after the IUD is removed.

Can IUDs be used as emergency contraception?

Yes! The Paragard, Mirena, and Liletta IUDs work super well as emergency contraception. If you get one of these IUDs put in within 120 hours (5 days) after unprotected sex, it’s more than 99% effective. It’s actually the most effective way to prevent pregnancy after sex.

Another great thing about using an IUD as emergency contraception: you can keep it and have really effective birth control that you can use for up to 8 to12 years (depending on which kind you get). The other kind of emergency contraception is the morning-after pill. You can take it up to 5 days after unprotected sex to reduce the risk of pregnancy.

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IUD

• 99% effective

• Costs up to $1,300, but can be $0

• Put in by a doctor or nurse

• Lasts up to 12 years

This IUD doesn’t protect you from STDs. Use a condom with your IUD to help stop pregnancy and STDs.

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Understanding the types of contraception, their pros and cons with an obstetrician gynecologist

Every woman is concerned about how to prevent unwanted pregnancy and protect herself from sexually transmitted infections.

The questions of how to prevent unwanted pregnancy and protect against sexually transmitted infections are of concern to every woman. Choosing reliable contraception is not an easy task, and this issue should be discussed with your doctor. Obstetrician-gynecologist of the clinic “Euromed” Marina Pavlovna GLUSHENKOVA talks about the existing methods of contraception, their pros and cons.

Contraception is barrier, hormonal and intrauterine. Methods such as coitus interruptus and calendar methods cannot be considered reliable and effective. Fortunately, in the XXI century there are many ways and means of protection from unwanted pregnancy and unpleasant diseases.

Barrier methods

Condoms

Pluses

• reliable protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unwanted pregnancies (when used correctly)

• affordable price

• no systemic effect on the body

• ideal for those who have an irregular sex life

• do not require preliminary examinations for selection

Cons

Spermicides

Spermicides are substances that immobilize spermatozoa, due to which they do not penetrate into the uterine cavity.

Pluses

• partial protection against sexually transmitted infections (some viruses do not work)

• suitable for those who cannot use hormonal and intrauterine contraception

Cons

• low efficiency (60–70%), this method cannot be used as a standalone method

• requires very strict enforcement of the rules of use

• Possible irritation, allergic reactions of the skin of the genital organs

Intrauterine methods

Copper intrauterine system (coil)

The coil thickens cervical mucus and forms a barrier to spermatozoa. Copper acts toxically on spermatozoa, immobilizing them, and also suppresses ovulation.

Pros

• prolonged action, allowing you to forget about contraception for several years

• no systemic effect on the body

• can be used during lactation

Cons

• it is impossible to put nulliparous, because against the background of the spiral there is a risk of the formation of intrauterine synechia, adhesions, which can lead to infertility; Also, nulliparous due to anatomical features have a narrower cervical canal, which makes it difficult to install the spiral.

• the spiral does not protect against STDs, respectively, it is only suitable for women who have one permanent healthy sexual partner;

• against the background of the use of a copper-containing spiral, the risk of inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages increases by 5-6 times compared with women who do not have spirals;

• the spiral can provoke longer and more painful periods;

• if a woman has a history of multiple abortions, invasive interventions, curettage, there is a risk of developing cervical insufficiency, i. e. failure of the cervix, which can lead to expulsion (falling out) of the spiral.

Protected hormonal coils

The hormones contained in the system act in the uterine cavity, make the mucous membrane thinner, and immobilize spermatozoa. All this makes fertilization and implantation of the fetal egg impossible.

Pluses

• Reliable contraceptive action for five years

• No systemic action

• has a therapeutic effect: it is indicated for patients with a history of endometrial hyperplastic processes, uterine myoma

• can be used during lactation

Cons

Hormonal contraception

This is perhaps the most effective method of all existing today.

Hormonal preparations differ in dosage (mini-dose – estrogen content no more than 30 mcg, micro-dose – no more than 20 mcg, large doses are not currently used), components, and the method of entry into the body.

There are two types of drugs: combined and the “mini-drank” group. Combined contraceptives contain estrogens (ethinyl estradiol) and gestagens, “mini-drank” – only gestagens.

Preparations from the “mini-drank” group are indicated for lactating women who should not take estrogens, but only gestagens. Also, “mini-pills” can be taken by women who do not tolerate the estrogen component.

Types of drugs: tablets (taken orally), vaginal ring (hormones penetrate the vaginal mucosa) and patch (transdermal route – hormones enter through the skin).

Reception methods. Tablets should be taken daily, at the same time. It is especially important to take at the same time for drugs from the “mini-drank” group. Tablets are generally taken for 21 days, after which they take a break for 7 days.

The vaginal ring is inserted into the vagina for 21 days, after which there is a break for a week.

The patch is changed every 7 days.

The advantage of alternative routes of administration (ring, patch) is that you do not need to remember to take the pill every day and there is no primary passage through the liver and gastrointestinal tract, which reduces the load on them. This is especially important if a woman has problems with the gastrointestinal tract or chronic cholecystitis.

Pluses

• reliable contraceptive effect (if a woman does not miss taking pills, the guarantee is almost 100%)

• active protection of the ovaries and endometrium (mucosa) of the uterus from cancer

• regulation of the menstrual cycle

• reduction of pain during menstruation

• cosmetic effect (some OK help to cope with acne, normalize skin condition)

• therapeutic effect (the doctor will help you choose hormonal contraceptives, which are indicated for patients with uterine fibroids, with endometriosis).

Cons

• the need for strict discipline, control of taking drugs at the same time (especially important for “mini-pill”)

• do not protect against STDs

• any hormonal drugs affect metabolism (metabolism), which can lead to fluctuations in body weight, although in modern drugs this effect is minimal;

• there is an effect on the vascular link, on the blood coagulation system, therefore, when taking contraceptives, constant monitoring of hemostasis is necessary. If a woman has a predisposition to varicose veins, hypertension, or there have been cases of diseases of the cardiovascular system in the family, accompanied by thrombosis, heart attacks, strokes, then the patient needs a comprehensive examination of the hemostasis system before taking hormonal contraceptives;

• there is a period of adaptation to hormones. Within 2-3 months, nausea, headaches and pains in the mammary glands can sometimes be observed, there may be slight spotting in the middle of the cycle, changes in libido, mood swings. Therefore, mandatory medical supervision of the use of drugs during the first months of admission.

• hormonal contraceptives have a number of contraindications: active smoking (more than 5 cigarettes per day), severe somatic diseases, severe decompensated diabetes mellitus, thrombosis, varicose veins, heart attacks, strokes, arterial hypertension, frequent migraines, etc.

Sterilization

Medical sterilization is a surgical technique that can be used by both men and women. This is a reliable method of 100% protection against pregnancy, a good choice for people who are definitely not planning more children.

After the operation, the ability to conceive can no longer be restored for women, in men there is a small (less than 30%) chance of restoring reproductive function by re-operation within five years after the intervention.

Female sterilization is a laparoscopic operation during which the fallopian tubes are cut, which reliably prevents the possibility of pregnancy.

Male sterilization (vasectomy) is a simple operation that takes about 20 minutes. During surgery, the vas deferens are tied up and crossed. Sterilization does not affect the erection, the amount of seminal fluid and the ability to experience an orgasm.

Pluses

Cons

• irreversibility of the operation

• the need for surgery

• there are legal restrictions on this operation

Medical sterilization as a special medical intervention in order to deprive a person of the ability to reproduce offspring or as a method of contraception can only be carried out upon a written application of a citizen over the age of thirty-five or a citizen with at least two children, and if there are medical indications and informed voluntary consent citizen – regardless of age and the presence of children.

Article 57

emergency contraception

In the case of unprotected intercourse, you can use the so-called emergency contraception. These drugs are aimed at protection, this is not an abortion. The tablet contains a large dose of progestin preparations that cause rejection of the endometrial mucosa.

Pluses

Cons

When choosing contraception, be sure to contact a gynecologist. Before prescribing this or that drug, the doctor will conduct an examination, which includes an examination on a chair, taking a smear for oncocytology. Also, if there are signs of endocrinopathy (increased hair growth, acne), it is necessary to investigate the hormonal background. Since hormones thicken the blood, affect hemostasis (blood coagulation system), it makes sense to conduct a comprehensive examination of the state of the hemostasis system. In addition, it is recommended to do an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs (uterus and appendages) and mammary glands. All these procedures are minimally invasive, painless, they are not difficult to pass, and they will help to avoid possible complications against the background of long-term use of contraceptives.

Services

Gynecological consultation

Intravaginal contraception | KLRTS

Moscow, st. Partizanskaya, 41

Kuntsevsky
medical and rehabilitation center.

Specialists

Intravaginal contraception is the prevention of pregnancy in every possible way. There are many contraceptives of varying effectiveness.
But still in Russia they do a lot of abortions, mostly at the request of a woman.

How to use intravaginal contraceptives and what results to expect, we will talk about this on this page.

Which doctor to contact

To decide which vaginal contraceptive option is right for you, you need an examination and consultation with a gynecologist. Only a specialist who has studied the characteristics of your body can choose the best option for protection.

Varieties of methods

The best way to avoid unplanned pregnancy and prevent the development of female pathologies is the right choice of contraception. A gynecologist will conduct an examination and select a contraceptive on a personal basis.

Male condom is the most effective contraceptive. The tool protects against unplanned pregnancy and all sexually transmitted infections. Suitable for almost everyone, if there is no allergy to latex. The advantage of this method is affordability and prevalence. The disadvantage is that the condom often breaks, which can cause pregnancy. In addition, the condom reduces sensitivity in closeness. The effectiveness of the tool is estimated at 85-95%. Suitable for people who have an intense sex life.

Female condom – is a bag of elastic material, inserted into the vagina. The tool is less effective, as it breaks much more often. In addition, the partner’s penis may be between the wall of the vagina and the condom. Efficiency also ranges from 85 to 95%.

Hormonal preparations – are considered a reliable method in terms of protection against unwanted conception. But a woman must completely trust her partner, since the funds do not protect against infectious diseases. Tablets must be selected individually, taking into account the characteristics of the female body. The drugs have side effects, such as being overweight. The remedy must be drunk for 21 days at the same time. If you skip taking the drug, you can get pregnant.

Tablets cope well with hormonal imbalance, regulate the menstrual cycle, allow you to get rid of severe pain during menstruation, acne and hair loss. It is recommended to take medicines for women after 25 years, since in younger girls a growing body gives fluctuations in hormonal levels. Efficiency – 95-100% with the correct use of the drug.

Intrauterine device – suitable for women with children who have a regular sex life. The device is inserted into the uterine cavity for 3-5 years. In the absence of contraindications, the spiral does not cause any trouble to the patient. The product serves as a means of protection against unwanted pregnancy for 90-95%. It is necessary to undergo an examination before putting a spiral.

Making an appointment with a gynecologist

To make an appointment, choose any method:

• call the clinic +7 (495) 103-99-55,
• order a callback,
• leave an application for an appointment, through a convenient form on the website:

Appointment

Diaphragms and caps – devices that are inserted into the vagina every time before sex. The product must remain inside for at least 6 hours after intercourse. The effectiveness of the contraceptive is 90-98%, and depends on the woman’s attention to the time of installation and withdrawal.

Vaginal ring – a round device inserted into the vagina and releases special hormones into the blood. The ring is installed for a month and does not interfere with sexual relations. Efficiency is 91-99%. The contraceptive is changed every cycle.

Vaginal suppositories – disposable, lasts about an hour. Apply immediately before sexual intercourse. Suitable for women who lead an irregular intimate life, nursing mothers, nulliparous women. They protect against unplanned conception by 80-90%. They protect against many infectious diseases, in particular – from HIV. But the threat of infection is not completely eliminated.

Vaginal sponge is a small swab impregnated with a spermicidal solution. The sponge adheres tightly to the wall of the uterus. Combines chemical and mechanical protection. Efficiency ranges from 80 to 95% when administered correctly. Shown to nursing mothers, as they do not change the hormonal background.

Emergency methods of contraception . These drugs are highly effective in protecting against unwanted pregnancy. They are used by women in case of “fire” contraception: condom breakage, casual relationships, violence. The tool can be used within 5 days after sexual intercourse, but the sooner you start taking it, the higher the effectiveness – 95-100%. A side effect may be a permanent cycle disorder.

In practice, people often use physiological methods such as coitus interruptus and douching. But, I must say that these methods do not give a 100% guarantee. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Which method is right for you, experienced specialists know.

Why is it worth getting an examination in our clinic? Experienced doctors will conduct a comprehensive examination of the patient for intravaginal contraception:

• Cytology,
• general blood tests,
• hormonal tests,
• bacteriological smear culture,
• colposcopy;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Based on the study, taking into account age, sexual activity, and the structure of internal organs, the gynecologist will compile a list of options that are right for you.

If coil insertion is required, this process can be provided here at the clinic. The doctor will talk with the patient about the regularity of sexual relations and the need for safety from infectious and viral diseases. Together you will choose the right contraceptive for you.

Doctors of the highest category work in the Kuntsevsky Medical Center. The use of modern equipment and high-tech devices give excellent results. Sign up for our clinic!

You may find it useful:

• Gynecologist’s appointment
• Urologist’s appointment
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Ultrasound examinations (ultrasound)
• Laboratory Diagnostics
• Colposcopy
• Endocrinologist appointment
• Dermatologist appointment
• Therapeutic massage
• Physiotherapy
• Reflexology
• Dermatoscopy

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