Green Vaginal Discharge – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

Some amount of vaginal discharge is normal among women; it is often clear or whitish with a minimal odor. If the discharge changes in color, odor or texture, it may be a sign of an infection, although some variation throughout the menstrual cycle is common. Infections may be accompanied by other symptoms, such as itching, burning, discomfort or spotting.

The most common cause of green vaginal discharge is a sexually transmitted infection known as trichomoniasis. The discharge often has a foul odor and is typically more yellowish-green than pure green. Intercourse and urination may cause discomfort, and the genital area may be itchy. Pelvic pain may also occur but is not common.

The vaginal discharge that may be associated with gonorrhea or chlamydia is typically more yellow or cloudy. That of bacterial vaginosis is typically white with a foul odor. A foul-smelling, colored discharge can also occur when a foreign body, such as a retained tampon, is in the vagina.

Trichomoniasis can easily be diagnosed by sampling the discharge. Since it is transmitted sexually, tests for other infections, including gonorrhea and bacterial vaginosis, may be performed at the same time. Trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, and bacterial vaginosis are curable with appropriate antibiotic therapy. If a foreign body is present, it will need to be removed and antibiotics may be used to treat any potential infection.

Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if your green vaginal discharge is accompanied by a high fever (higher than 101 degrees Fahrenheit), severe abdominal or pelvic pain, change in mental status, confusion, severe nausea and vomiting, or a weak pulse.

Since conditions that cause green vaginal discharge are often treatable, and because they may be transmitted to others or result in serious complications,
seek prompt medical care if you have such a discharge.

What Does It Say About Your Health?

Because there are so many types of vaginal discharge, it’s important to take multiple factors into account — not just color. The consistency and smell of your discharge, as well as associated symptoms like itching, burning, and swelling, will also help determine if you have an infection. 

If you have any doubts or think you might have an infection, make an appointment with your health care provider. 

Infection is the most common cause of green vaginal discharge. There are many different types of infections that can affect the vagina and result in abnormal discharge. The following are the most common causes of green discharge from the vagina.

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis, or “trich,” is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. It’s the most common cause of greenish discharge, and it’s a very treatable condition. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), trichomoniasis is the most common curable STI. About 3.7 million people have the infection in the United States. 

Only 30 percent of people infected by trichomoniasis have signs and symptoms. The rest are asymptomatic. It’s unclear why some people get symptoms and others do not. People affected by symptoms of trich may experience the following:

• Vaginal discharge that can be yellow or green, with a foul smell
• Itching, burning, redness, or soreness of the genitals
• Painful urination
• Painful sex

If you have one or more of these symptoms, make an appointment with your health care provider. It’s not possible to diagnose trichomoniasis based on symptoms alone. Laboratory tests are necessary to confirm the infection. Trich is treated with antibiotics.

Make sure to inform and treat your sexual partner(s) if you have been diagnosed with trich, as the infection is often asymptomatic.

Other STIs

Gonorrhea and chlamydia are two other treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that can cause green discharge. Like trich, these infections are often asymptomatic.

When they occur, symptoms of chlamydia or gonorrhea often include:

• Increased vaginal discharge
• Yellow or yellow-green discharge
• Painful urination
• Painful intercourse
• Pelvic pain
• Bleeding between periods

Left untreated, these infections can spread to the uterus, uterine tubes (salpingitis), and ovaries (oophoritis) as a condition called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Left untreated, PID can cause permanent damage to the reproductive organs and lead to infertility or increased chances of ectopic pregnancy.

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition caused by an imbalance in “good” and “bad” bacteria in the vagina. BV is not an STI, and often the cause of the infection is an increased number of Gardnerella vaginialis and other bacteria. Factors that may increase the risk of developing BV include having a new sexual partner, having multiple sexual partners, douching, smoking, and a general lack of “good” bacteria.

Common symptoms of bacterial vaginosis include:

Having BV increases your risk of contracting STIs. If you suspect you may have BV, speak with your health care provider as soon as possible. 

Green Vaginal Discharge: Main Causes and What To Do

Greenish or yellowish-green discharge when accompanied by an unpleasant odor, itching, and burning in the vagina may be a sign of trichomoniasis, a vaginal infection, or vulvovaginitis, an inflammation occurring simultaneously in the vulva and vagina.

In most cases, the greenish discharge is almost always accompanied by other symptoms and you should see a gynecologist as soon as possible so that the best treatment can be recommended.

Main causes for green vaginal discharge

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a vaginal infection caused by the protozoan Trichomonas Vaginalis, which may be sexually transmitted and is, therefore, considered to be an STD (sexually transmitted disease). This vaginal infection can cause greenish discharge, as well as pain during intercourse, an unpleasant odor, irritation and genital itching, painful urination and increased need to go to the bathroom.

Trichomoniasis is typically treated with the use of antibiotic medication, such as Metronidazole or Tinidazole, which should be taken twice a day for 5-7 days.

Vulvovaginitis

Vulvovaginitis is an inflammation that occurs at the same time in both the vulva and vagina, and is a combination of vulvitis (inflammation of the vulva) and a vaginitis (inflammation of the lining of the vagina). This inflammation causes greenish vaginal discharge as well as irritation, itching, redness and genital inflammation, unpleasant odor, discomfort or burning sensation when urinating.

Vulvovaginitis can appear due to various causes, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, other parasites or chemicals found in foams, soaps or perfumes, for example.

Treatment of vulvovaginitis can be generally done with antibiotics, antifungal or antihistamines, depending on the type and cause of the infection. For example, if vulvovaginitis is because of an allergic reaction to a product, antihistamine allergy remedies should be used to treat the problem.

Home remedy for green vaginal discharge

To complete the treatment, here are some tips to follow at home which can help treat greenish discharge:

• Wash the genital area 2 to 3 times a day with running water, without soap.
• Bathe with warm water or guava tea to help relieve itching in the genital area.
• Avoid wearing tight or synthetic underwear and opt for cotton underwear.

Any change in vaginal discharge may be a way of your body warning you there is a problem, so pay attention and see a gynecologist as soon as possible.

What is Green Vaginal Discharge? Dr. Rowley Explains What it Means

What is green vaginal discharge?

Green vaginal discharge is an abnormal green-coloured secretion which is often caused by the body’s inflammatory response to an infection. When pathogens enter the genital tract, they reproduce causing the normal clear or whitish vaginal fluid to become heavy and take on a yellow, yellow-green or green color.

Green discharge is often accompanied by a foul-smelling odour and other symptoms such as vaginal irritation, a burning sensation during urination and pain during sex. More often than not, infections associated with green discharge are not serious, and are often easily curable with antibiotics if caught early.

Some common causes of green discharge:

• Bacterial Infection
• Common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) – Gonorrhea or Chlamydia
• Trichomoniasis Vaginal Infection
• Bacterial Vaginosis
• Urinary Tract Infection
• Pregnancy

At the onset of an infection, it is typical for your discharge to take on a frothy texture, and as the infection progresses it may increasingly take on the appearance of a yellow looking mucus, then light green before becoming thick green in color.

Remember, some form of discharge is normal. As a sexual health specialist, I get asked about abnormal discharge and vaginal discharge on a daily basis. I understand that it can be a cause of great concern, and for many people, it leads them to the conclusion that they have a sexually transmitted disease, or that they may have a very serious health condition.

What is causing green discharge?

There are a number of causes that may be causing your green vaginal discharge. For most women, it may be caused by a bacterial infection. In other cases, it could be a sexually transmitted infection. In some other causes, pregnancy may have played a part in your vaginal discharge changing in colour and consistency.

Trichomoniasis Vaginal Infection

The most common cause of green discharge is trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by a parasite called trichomonas vaginalis.

Trichomoniasis, while it commonly causes green discharge, often also causes a host of other physical symptoms.

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common STDs in the U.S., affecting almost3.7 million people per year.

It is almost exclusively sexually transmitted, contracted through vaginal-to-vaginal or vaginal-to-penile contact.

70% of people infected with trichomoniasis will not display any signs or symptoms.

For those people that do experience symptoms they will usually notice yellowish-green foul fishy smelling discharge within 5 to 28 days of contracting trichomoniasis. However, for some people, symptoms can develop later.

LetsGetChecked’s STD test data shows that green vaginal discharge is the most common symptom reported by patients who have tested positive for trichomoniasis, with 75% of people reporting abnormal vaginal discharge

Other symptoms you are likely to notice are itching or rashes around the vagina (50%), pain or discomfort whilst urinating (25%), or bleeding between periods (25%). Pelvic pain may also occur but is not as common.

I recommend that if you notice green discharge you should speak to your doctor or visit a sexual health clinic immediately so you can get tested.

The good news is that if you do have trichomoniasis it is normally easily treated. Your doctor will typically prescribe you a antibiotic, such as metronidazole or tinidazole, which will clear up the infection within a couple weeks.

Other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Gonorrhea or Chlamydia

Green discharge may be a sign of other sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea or chlamydia.

It is quite common for women with trichomoniasis to have a concurrent gonorrhea or chlamydia infection.

Both gonorrhea and chlamydia are sexually transmitted diseases that you can contract if you have unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has chlamydia or gonorrhea.

As with trichomoniasis most people with chlamydia or gonorrhea don’t display any symptoms. However, those that do often experience painful or burning sensation when urinating, increased vaginal discharge (white, yellow, or green discharge), pain during sex or vaginal bleeding between periods.

If left untreated, gonorrhea or chlamydia can lead to serious health problems such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID often has no symptoms, but some women do experience abdominal or pelvic pain. If left untreated PID can cause permanent damage to your reproductive system leading to an inability to get pregnant, and potentially ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterus).

If you are concerned that you might have trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia or any other type of STD then you should consider using an at home STD test that will test for the common types of STDs.

As many STDs do not have symptoms, early detection and treatment is vital to avoid long term consequences. If you test positive, you will be able to start treatment immediately and avoid passing an infection to a partner or risking other health side effects.

Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is another possible cause of green vaginal discharge.

Unlike trichomoniasis, BV is not a sexually transmitted infection. Instead BV is caused by an imbalance of the “good” and “harmful” bacteria that are normally found in a woman’s vagina.

Researchers aren’t 100% sure what causes BV, but they suspect that this bacterial imbalance can be caused by having a new or multiple sex partners, or through excessive douching. BV is most common in those who are sexually active.

Despite bacterial vaginosis being the most common vaginal infection in women aged 15-44, many women with BV don’t know they have it because their BV doesn’t display any symptoms.

Of those women who do display symptoms, their symptoms are often mild consisting primarily of a thin white or grey vaginal discharge (sometimes green tint) that has a strong fish-like odor, that is particularly noticeable after sex. Other symptoms include itching or rashes around the vagina, and pain or discomfort whilst urinating.

Having BV can increase your risks of contracting STDs such as H.I.V, genital herpes, chlamydia, pelvic inflammatory disease, and gonorrhea, and can also lead to pregnancy problems including premature births or a low-birth-weight baby.

If you suspect that you might have bacterial vaginosis, I recommend that you speak to your doctor as soon as possible.

Your doctor will examine your vagina for signs of vaginal discharge and bacterial vaginosis, and may have a swab of discharge tested to confirm the BV diagnosis. If it comes back positive, you will be prescribed an antibiotic treatment that will clear up the infection within a couple weeks.

I’m pregnant and have green discharge, what should I do?

The only thing more worrying than seeing green discharge is seeing green discharge while your pregnant. For many people, this may be a big cause of concern.

During pregnancy, your body goes through numerous changes, one of those might include vaginal discharge. The sight of green discharge can be quite alarming and instantly raises the question: is green discharge during pregnancy normal?

The answer is no. If you notice green discharge whilst pregnant you should never try and self-diagnose, always talk to your doctor as they will know your medical history and be able to offer more helpful insight.

Green discharge during pregnancy might indicate any of the possible causes we’ve already discussed: trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, or bacterial vaginosis (BV). All of which can complicate your pregnancy and hurt your unborn child.

However, during pregnancy there are two other possible causes of green discharge, urinary tract infections (UTI) and on occasion amniotic fluid, which will discuss below:

Urinary tract infection

When women are pregnant, they are more susceptible to urinary tract infections. As the uterus grows larger, it presses on the ureters (the duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder) causing urine to gather in the bladder. This can cause a urinary tract or bladder infection.

Green discharge, along with an unpleasant odor and/or a burning sensation when urinating are common symptoms of urinary tract infections.

If you notice any of these symptoms then talk to your doctor. They will be able to treat the underlying infection and it should have no effect on your pregnancy.

What should I do if I notice green discharge?

As you will have gathered by now, if you notice green vaginal discharge at anytime you should always contact your doctor straight away. Green discharge isn’t normal, and is often a sign of an infection. If detected early your doctor should be able to test your urine promptly and treat it very easily with antibiotics. The risk of leaving an infection to fester isn’t worth it.

You shouldn’t be apprehensive about going to your doctor with any questions about vaginal discharge.

Most women will have a vaginal infection (with discharge, itching, or odor) in their lifetime. So don’t worry about it being awkward to bring up, your doctors will be very used to talking about it.

We prefer our patients to come to us straight away if they are concerned about abnormal discharge, because the underlying causes are often very easy to treat if diagnosed early. The issues arise if the patient has delayed coming to talk to us.

Questions Your Doctor Will Ask

• How long have you been noticing vaginal discharge?
• Have you been pregnant before?
• When was the last time you got a smear test?
• Has your vaginal discharge been getting better or worse?
• Is your vaginal discharge constant or does it come-and-go?
• How much discharge is coming out of your vagina?

As we discussed, just because you may not be displaying the symptoms of a STD doesn’t mean that you haven’t contracted one. If you are in any way concerned that you might have a STD you should always visit your local STD clinic or take an at home STD test.

Written and Medically Reviwed by Medical Director Dr. Dominic Rowley | Edited by Hannah Kingston

Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & Prevention

Overview

What is vaginitis?

Vaginitis is a medical term used to describe various disorders that cause infection or inflammation of the vagina. Vulvovaginitis refers to inflammation of both the vagina and vulva (the external female genitals). These conditions can result from an infection caused by organisms such as bacteria, yeast, or viruses. Irritations from chemicals in creams, sprays, or even clothing that are in contact with this area can also result in vaginitis. In some cases, vaginitis results from organisms that are passed between sexual partners, vaginal dryness and lack of estrogen.

Is vaginal discharge normal?

A woman’s vagina normally produces a discharge that usually is described as clear or slightly cloudy, non-irritating and with very little odor. During the normal menstrual cycle, the amount and consistency of discharge changes. At one time of the month there may be a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge. At another time, (usually the latter part of the menstrual cycle) a more extensive thicker discharge may appear. All of these descriptions could be considered normal.

A vaginal discharge that has an odor or that is irritating usually is considered an abnormal discharge. The irritation might be itching or burning, or both. The burning could feel like a bladder infection. The itching may be present at any time of the day, but it often is most bothersome at night. These symptoms often are made worse by sexual intercourse. It is important to see your healthcare professional if there has been a change in the amount, color, or smell of the discharge that persists beyond a few days.

What are the most common types of vaginitis?

The most common types of vaginitis are:

Each of these vaginal infections can have different symptoms or no symptoms at all. In fact, diagnosis can even be tricky for an experienced clinician. Sometimes more than one type of vaginitis can be present at the same time.

To better understand these seven major causes of vaginitis, let’s look briefly at each one of them and how they are treated.

What are candida or “yeast” infections?

Yeast infections of the vagina are what most women think of when they hear the term vaginitis. Yeast infections are caused by one of the many species of fungus called candida. Candida normally live in the vagina, as well as in the mouth and digestive tract of both men and women. An infection occurs when the normally occurring candida increase in number to cause bothersome symptoms.

Yeast infections produce a thick, white vaginal discharge with the consistency of cottage cheese. Although the discharge can be somewhat watery, it is generally odorless. Yeast infections usually cause the vagina and the vulva to be very itchy and red, sometimes swollen even before the onset of discharge. Women with yeast infection of the vulva may have “small cuts” on the vulva due to friable skin of the area, and may have burning with urination.

If yeast is normal in a woman’s vagina, what makes it cause an infection? Usually, infection occurs when a change in the delicate balance in a woman’s system takes place. For example, a woman may take an antibiotic to treat a urinary tract infection, and the antibiotic kills “friendly” bacteria that normally keep the yeast in balance. As a result, the yeast overgrows and causes the infection. Other factors that can upset the delicate balance include pregnancy, which changes hormone levels; and diabetes, which allows too much sugar in the urine and vagina.

What is bacterial vaginosis?

Although “yeast” is the name most women know, bacterial vaginosis (BV) actually is the most common vaginal infection in women of reproductive age. Bacterial vaginosis often will cause an abnormal smelling vaginal discharge. The discharge usually is thin and milky, and is described as having a “fishy” odor. This odor may become more noticeable after intercourse.

Redness or itching of the vagina are not common symptoms of bacterial vaginosis unless the woman has a co-infection of BV and yeast. Some women with bacterial vaginosis have no symptoms at all, and the vaginitis is only discovered during a routine gynecologic exam. Bacterial vaginosis is caused by a combination of several bacteria that typically live in the vagina. These bacteria seem to overgrow in much the same way as do candida when the vaginal pH balance is upset.

Because bacterial vaginosis is caused by bacteria and not by yeast, medicine that is appropriate for yeast is not effective against the bacteria that cause bacterial vaginosis. If fact, treating for the wrong condition can make symptoms worse.

Bacterial vaginosis is not a sexually transmitted infection, but it is seen more often in sexually active people. Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis include:

• New or multiple sexual partners
• Douching
• Cigarette smoking

What are trichomoniasis, chlamydia, and viral vaginitis?

• Trichomoniasis: Trichomoniasis is caused by a tiny single-celled organism known as a protozoa. When this organism infects the vagina, it can cause a frothy, greenish-yellow discharge. Often this discharge may have a foul smell. Women with trichomonal vaginitis may complain of itching and soreness of the vagina and vulva, as well as burning during urination. In addition, there can be discomfort in the lower abdomen and vaginal pain with intercourse. These symptoms may be worse after the menstrual period. Many women, however, do not develop any symptoms. It is important to understand that this type of vaginitis can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. For treatment to be effective, the sexual partner(s) must be treated at the same time as the patient. They should abstain from sexual intercourse for seven days after all sex partners have been treated .
• Chlamydia: Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Unfortunately, most women with chlamydia infection do not have symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. A vaginal discharge is sometimes present with this infection, but not always. More often, a woman might experience light bleeding, especially after intercourse due to a friable/very soft cervix, and she may have pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis. Chlamydial vaginitis is most common in young women (18 to 35 years) who have multiple sexual partners. Routine chlamydia screening is recommended by the CDC annually for sexually active females aged 24 and younger, and also at any age if you have multiple sexual partners, or are at risk. While chlamydia infections are treatable with antibiotic medications, the best treatment for chlamydia is prevention. Correct and consistent use of a condom will decrease your risk of contracting not only chlamydia, but other sexually transmitted infections as well. Gonorrhea, another STI, can also cause vaginitis symptoms. Sex partners should be tracked and treated appropriately to avoid re-infection.
• Viral vaginitis: Viruses are a common cause of vaginitis. One form caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is often just called herpes infection. These infections are spread by sexual contact. The primary symptom of herpes vaginitis is pain associated with lesions or sores. These sores usually are visible on the vulva or the vagina but occasionally are inside the vagina and can only be seen during a gynecologic exam. Outbreaks of HSV often are associated with stress or emotional distress. Herpes genitalis vaginitis could also affect the mouth-pharynx if oral sex is performed.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV): Another source of viral vaginal infection is the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV, sometime referred to as genital warts, also can be transmitted by sexual intercourse. This virus can cause painful warts to grow in the vagina, rectum, vulva, or groin. These warts usually are white to gray in color, but they may be pink or purple. However, visible warts are not always present, and the virus may only be detected when a Pap test is abnormal. Many of the infections that cause vaginitis can be spread between men and women during sexual intercourse. Use of a barrier contraceptive, such as a condom, can help reduce your risk (does not offer 100 percent protection) of contracting these and more serious infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which can lead to AIDS.

What is non-infectious vaginitis?

Not uncommonly, a woman can have itching, burning, and even a vaginal discharge, without having an infection. The most common cause is an allergic reaction or irritation from vaginal sprays, douches or spermicidal products. However, the skin around the vagina also can be sensitive to perfumed soaps, lotions, sexual lubricants, detergents and fabric softeners. In addition, the long-term use of over-the-counter topical products to help block odor and itch can cause vaginitis. One example is inflammatory vaginitis which is characterized by thick, mucoid, yellow to green copious vaginal discharge commonly seen in menopausal women.

What is atrophic vaginitis?

Atrophic vaginitis, also referred to as genitourinary symptoms of menopause and vulvovaginal atrophy, is another non-infectious form of vaginitis that results from a decrease in hormones. The vagina becomes dry or atrophic. This occurs primarily during perimenopause and postmenopause—either natural or surgical (removal of ovaries). Breastfeeding and postpartum states can also contribute to atrophy. Medications such as aromatase inhibitors (used in breast cancer) or Lupron Depot® (used in endometriosis) can drastically lower estrogen levels and cause atrophy. The woman may notice pain (especially with sexual intercourse), vaginal itching and burning, or symptoms of urinary urgency and frequency. Vaginal and oral treatments are available to successfully treat this condition.

Symptoms and Causes

What are the symptoms of vaginitis?

The symptoms of vaginitis can vary depending on what is causing the infection or inflammation. Some women have no symptoms at all. Some of the more common symptoms of vaginitis include:

Management and Treatment

How is vaginitis treated?

The key to proper treatment of vaginitis is proper diagnosis. This is not always easy since the same symptoms can exist in different forms of vaginitis. You can greatly assist your healthcare provider by paying close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when they occur, along with a description of the color, consistency, amount and smell of any abnormal discharge. We never recommend douching. Some providers ask that you abstain from sex for 24 hours before your appointment.

The important thing to understand is that medication may only cure the most common types of candida associated with vaginal yeast infections and will not cure other yeast infections or any other type of vaginitis. If you are not absolutely sure, see your doctor. You may save the expense of buying the wrong medication and avoid delay in treating your type of vaginitis (or possibly making it feel worse).

When buying an over-the-counter medicine, be sure to read all of the instructions completely before using the product. Be sure to use all of the medicine and don’t stop just because your symptoms have gone away.

Be sure to see your healthcare practitioner if:

• All of the symptoms do not go away completely.
• The symptoms return immediately or shortly after you finish treatment.
• You have any other serious medical problems such as diabetes.
• You might be pregnant.
• You have a new sexual partner and are concerned about STIs.

Non-infectious vaginitis is treated by changing the probable cause. If you recently changed your soap or laundry detergent, or have added a fabric softener, you might consider stopping the new product to see if the symptoms remain. The same instruction would apply to a new vaginal spray, douche, sanitary napkin or tampon. In general, the fewer chemicals and products the sensitive skin of the vagina and vulva are exposed to, the better. If the vaginitis is due to hormonal changes, a variety of hormonal options are available to help reduce symptoms (either used locally in the vagina or systemically).

What questions should I ask my doctor about treatment for vaginitis?

It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions, as well as the instructions that come with the medication. Do not stop taking the medicine when your symptoms go away. Do not be embarrassed to ask your doctor or healthcare practitioner questions. Vaginitis of all types is very common. Good questions to ask include:

• Should I abstain from sexual intercourse during treatment?
• Should my sexual partner(s) be treated at the same time?
• Will the medication for this vaginitis interact with my other medication(s)?
• Should I continue the vaginal cream or suppositories during my period?
• Do I need to be re-examined and if so, when?

Prevention

What are the risk factors for vaginal candida infections?

How can I prevent vaginitis?

There are certain things that you can do to decrease the chance of getting vaginitis. If you suffer from yeast infections, it usually is helpful to avoid garments that hold in heat and moisture. The wearing of nylon panties, pantyhose without a cotton panel and tight spandex or jeans may lead to yeast infections. Good hygiene is also important.

There is little scientific evidence that yogurt and probiotics containing lactobacillus will reduce vaginitis infections. Some also recommend limiting sugary foods to prevent the growth of yeast. Discuss with your doctor if this is something that he or she would recommend for you.

Because they can cause vaginal irritation, most doctors do not recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for cleansing this area. Likewise, repeated douching may cause irritation or, more importantly, may hide a vaginal infection.

Safe sexual practices can help prevent the passing of diseases between partners. The use of condoms is particularly important.

If you are approaching menopause, have had your ovaries removed, or have low levels of estrogen for any reason, discuss with your doctor the use of hormone pills or creams to keep the vagina lubricated and healthy.

Good health habits are important. Have a complete gynecologic exam, including screening for cervical cancer at regular intervals discussed with your doctor. If you have multiple sexual partners, you should request screening for sexually transmitted diseases.

Vaginal Discharge and Odor | Monistat

Smelly or Fishy Discharge is Not Normal

As women, we grow to learn what is normal and healthy for our bodies. The same is true when it comes to our natural feminine odor. Our noses can be the best detectives in identifying whether everything is ok, or whether there may be a problem. A healthy vagina may have a subtle but not unpleasant odor, but when the bacteria is out of balance due to an infection, our noses are likely to detect it right away. In fact, any fishy or smelly odor is not normal, and is a good indicator that you may need to talk with your healthcare professional. Let’s look at the two types of feminine odors, potential causes, related symptoms, and what you can do if you experience a foul-smelling discharge.

Recognizing Normal and Abnormal Discharge

Normal vaginal discharge is usually clear or milky and may have a subtle scent that is not unpleasant or foul smelling. Changes that may signal a problem include an increase in the amount of discharge, a change in the color, smell or texture of the discharge. You may also experience other symptoms with a change in discharge, such as irritation, itchiness or burning in or around your vagina. The combination of these factors can help reveal what may be going on in your body. A vaginal discharge is considered abnormal if it is:

• Heavier than usual
• Thicker than usual
• Pus-like
• White and clumpy (like cottage cheese)
• Grayish, greenish, yellowish, or blood-tinged
• Foul- or fishy-smelling
• Accompanied by itching, burning, a rash, or soreness

Only you know your body. If you have vaginal discharge that doesn’t seem normal for you (with or without other symptoms), talk to your healthcare professional.

Trichomoniasis – NHS

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a tiny parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis (TV).

Symptoms of trichomoniasis

Symptoms of trichomoniasis usually develop within a month of infection.

But up to half of all people will not develop any symptoms (though they can still pass the infection on to others).

The symptoms of trichomoniasis are similar to those of many other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so it can sometimes be difficult to diagnose.

Symptoms in women

Trichomoniasis in women can cause:

• abnormal vaginal discharge that may be thick, thin or frothy and yellow-green in colour
• producing more discharge than normal, which may also have an unpleasant fishy smell
• soreness, swelling and itching around the vagina – sometimes the inner thighs also become itchy
• pain or discomfort when passing urine or having sex

Symptoms in men

Trichomoniasis in men can cause:

• pain when peeing or during ejaculation
• needing to pee more frequently than usual
• thin, white discharge from the penis
• soreness, swelling and redness around the head of the penis or foreskin

When to get medical advice

See a GP or go to your local sexual health clinic (sometimes called a GUM clinic) if you develop any of the symptoms of trichomoniasis or you think you may be infected.

Trichomoniasis can usually be diagnosed after an examination of the genitals and a laboratory test carried out on a swab taken from the vagina or penis.

If the test shows you have trichomoniasis, it’s important that your current sexual partner and any other recent partners are also tested and treated.

Important:
Using sexual health clinics during coronavirus (COVID-19)

Call a sexual health clinic if you need help or advice. Only go to a clinic if you’ve been told to.

Find sexual health clinic contact details

How do you get trichomoniasis?

Trichomoniasis is caused by a tiny parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis.  

In women, this parasite mainly infects the vagina and the tube that carries urine out of the body (urethra).

In men, the infection most commonly affects the urethra, but the head of the penis or prostate gland, a gland near the bladder that helps produce semen, can become infected in some cases.

The parasite is usually spread by having sex without using a condom.

It could also be spread by sharing sex toys if you do not wash them or cover them with a new condom before use.

You do not have to have many sexual partners to catch trichomoniasis. Anyone who’s sexually active can catch it and pass it on.

Trichomoniasis is not thought to be passed on through oral or anal sex.

You also cannot pass on trichomoniasis through:

• kissing or hugging
• sharing cups, plates or cutlery
• toilet seats

The best way to prevent trichomoniasis is to have safer sex. This means always using a condom when having sex, covering any sex toys you use with a condom, and washing sex toys after use.

Treating trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is unlikely to go away without treatment, but it can be effectively treated with antibiotics.

Most men and women are treated with an antibiotic called metronidazole, which is usually taken twice a day for 5 to 7 days.

It’s important to complete the whole course of antibiotics and avoid having sex until the infection clears up to prevent reinfection.

Your current sexual partner and any other recent partners should also be treated.

Complications of trichomoniasis

Complications of trichomoniasis are rare, although some women with the infection may be at an increased risk of further problems.

If you’re infected with trichomoniasis while you’re pregnant, the infection may cause your baby to: 

Page last reviewed: 23 October 2018
Next review due: 23 October 2021

90,000 Vaginal Discharge – Causes, Examination and Treatment | Symptoms

Foreign object (often toilet paper, forgotten tampon) in the vagina
Signs: Discharge is usually foul-smelling, often containing a small amount of blood. Often redness in the genital area and pain during urination, and sometimes pain during intercourse.

Infections (yeast, pinworm, streptococcus, staphylococcus)
Signs: Itching, redness and swelling in the genital area.Often pain during urination. With pinworms, itching, which is worse at night. With streptococcal and staphylococcal infections – redness and swelling in the genital area.

Lack of personal hygiene
Signs: Itching, redness and foul odor from the genital area. Sometimes pain while urinating.

Sexual abuse
Signs: Soreness in the genital area. Sometimes a discharge that smells bad or contains blood.Often vague symptoms (tiredness or abdominal pain) or changes in behavior (tantrum or withdrawal).

Bacterial vaginosis
Signs: Thin, white or gray cloudy discharge with a fishy odor. Itching and irritation.

Yeast infections
Signs: Irritation, itching, redness and swelling in the genital area. Thick, white, lumpy, cheesy discharge. Sometimes worsening of symptoms after intercourse and before menses.Sometimes taking antibiotics in the recent past or having a history of diabetes.

Trichomoniasis (protozoal infection)
Signs: Usually copious, yellow-green, frothy, fishy-smelling discharge. Itching, redness, swelling, and soreness in the genital area. Sometimes pain during intercourse and urination.

Inflammatory disease of the pelvic organs
Signs: Aching, growing pain in the pelvic area, which can be felt on one or both sides.A discharge, sometimes foul-smelling, and which, as the infection progresses, may become pus-like and yellow-green in color. Abnormal vaginal bleeding. Sometimes pain during intercourse and urination, fever or chills, nausea or vomiting.

Thinning of the vaginal mucosa (atrophic vaginitis)
Signs: Scanty discharge. Pain during intercourse.

R irritation (caused by urine)
Signs: General redness in the genital area and anus. Conditions that increase the risk of this type of irritation (urinary incontinence or when women are bedridden by an illness).

Cancer of the vagina, cervix, uterine body
Signs: Watery or bloody discharge. Abnormal vaginal bleeding. Often, no other symptoms are seen until the cancer has spread. Pain that develops gradually and sometimes becomes chronic. Sometimes weight loss.

Irritation due to the use of chemicals (due to the use of soap, bath foam, hygiene sprays or vaginal creams and ointments)
Signs: Redness, itching, swelling and soreness in the genital area.

Fistula (abnormal canal) between the intestines and genital tract
Signs: Causes of formation: trauma during childbirth, surgery, inflammatory bowel disease. cancer of the digestive tract or genitals. Discharge with an unpleasant odor. Stool in the vagina or vaginal discharge.

Inflammation (after radiation therapy, pelvic surgery, chemotherapy drugs)
Signs: In the recent past, treatment of disorders of the pelvic organs. Discharge containing pus. Pain during urination and intercourse. Sometimes irritation, itching, redness, burning pain, and minor bleeding.

Skin diseases (psoriasis, lichen sclerosus and dermatomycosis)
Signs: Rash, itching, or other symptoms, depending on the disorder.

Green vaginal discharge: causes and treatment

Green vaginal discharge: causes and treatment

Vaginal discharge is an important indicator of the health of the female reproductive system.Depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle or the state of microflora, their number, consistency and color may vary. We figure out in which cases the discharge in women turns green.
Green discharge in women: causes

Violations of the vaginal microflora can change the color, smell and consistency of the discharge, but the presence of accompanying symptoms (itching, burning, pain when urinating or during intercourse) must be taken into account. By itself, color is a weak diagnostic criterion.

The green color of vaginal discharge may indicate the presence of a bacterial infection: the darker it is, the more leukocytes are contained in the vaginal mucus.An increased number of leukocytes in the urethra and vagina is an indicator of an inflammatory process (colpitis, cervicitis, urethritis, endometritis, adnexitis, bacterial vaginosis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, or pelvic inflammatory disease).

Let’s take a closer look at the most common causes of green discharge in women.

Green discharge in women: bacterial vaginosis

The cause of bacterial vaginosis is a violation of the composition of the vaginal microflora: normal healthy bacteria (in particular, lactobacilli) are replaced by other, conditionally pathogenic microorganisms (for example, gardnerella).

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis are watery, white, grayish or greenish vaginal discharge with a fishy odor. However, about half of all women with bacterial vaginosis have no specific symptoms.

Antibiotics for bacterial vaginosis:

• Metronidazole tablets, gels or suppositories. You should not drink alcohol while taking it to avoid indigestion, abdominal pain and nausea.
• Clindamycin is often prescribed as a cream or suppository.It is best to avoid sex with latex condoms while using this semi-synthetic antibiotic (it reduces their strength).
• Tinidazole tablets may also cause nausea and stomach upset when combined with alcohol.

If recurrence of bacterial vaginosis occurs within 3-12 months, a second course of metronidazole may be required.

Green discharge in women: trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection.It is caused by the simplest parasite – Trichomonas vaginalis. Pregnant women with trichomoniasis have an increased risk of preterm birth.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis may include profuse foul-smelling greenish or white discharge, redness, burning, itching in the vagina, pain when urinating. In men, symptoms of infection are less common.

Trichomoniasis is treated with metronidazole and tinidazole. Do not drink alcohol for 72 hours after taking the medicine, otherwise the patient will experience nausea and vomiting.Until a complete cure from sex, it is better to abstain

Green discharge in women: acute inflammation of the pelvic organs

Inflammatory infections of the pelvic organs (fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries) can lead to severe damage to the female reproductive system. They are usually caused by various bacteria, including STI pathogens.

Symptoms of acute inflammation include yellow and green vaginal discharge, fever, lower abdominal pain, painful urination, pain during sex.

In mild cases, acute inflammation in women is treated with antibiotics, but surgery may be necessary if the disease develops. The surgeon removes the abscess to prevent the infection from spreading to other tissues and organs.

Green discharge in women: vulvovaginitis

Vulvovaginitis is an inflammation of the vulva, vaginal mucosa and external genitalia. It can be caused by irritation caused by intimate hygiene products, tight clothing, or an allergic reaction to lubricant.Symptoms of vulvovaginitis include vaginal itching, greenish discharge, redness, and burning during urination.

Treatment of vulvovaginitis depends on its cause. If the causative agent of the disease is a bacterial infection, antibiotics are prescribed. Your doctor may also recommend a cream or ointment that will speed healing and soothe pain.

During treatment, regular warm baths without soap, cool compresses, wearing loose clothing that allows air to pass through and keeps the vulva dry are recommended.

Green discharge in women: chlamydia

Chlamydia is another common genital infection. It affects men and women of all age groups, but is often asymptomatic. If chlamydia nevertheless manifests itself, it is characterized by painful urination, pain in the lower abdomen, yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis, painful intercourse in women, bleeding in the middle of the cycle, or spotting after sex.

Treat chlamydia with antibiotics – azithromycin, doxycycline, etc. The infection usually clears up in 1 to 2 weeks. During this time, it is better to refrain from intimacy.

Green vaginal discharge: gonorrhea

Among young adults, gonorrhea is one of the most common genital infections. The bacteria that cause it (gonococci) can infect the genital tract, mouth, or anus. Therefore, it is possible to contract gonorrhea during vaginal, oral, or anal sex.A pregnant woman can also pass gonorrhea to her baby during childbirth.

Symptoms of gonorrhea in men and women are different:

• Gonorrhea in men can cause pain when urinating, a greenish-yellow or whitish discharge from the penis.
• In women, the early symptoms of gonorrhea are often mild. In the future, the infection can cause intermenstrual bleeding, pain when urinating, white, yellow, or green vaginal discharge.If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.

For the treatment of gonorrhea, doctors prescribe injections of ceftriaxone in combination with azithromycin or doxycycline. Even if the sexual partner of an infected person does not have any alarming symptoms, he still needs to be tested and treated.

Pathological vaginal discharge | Directory of medicines Compendium

Immediately clearly separate the discharge without admixture of blood, with admixture of blood and pathological bleeding.

Normally, vaginal discharge is minimal, odorless, does not cause vulvar discomfort, contains gram-positive bacilli, very few polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Discharge increases during ovulation, before menstruation, when using oral contraceptives, with sexual arousal.

In pathology, the odor of the discharge is unpleasant, the vulva is irritated, the discharge contains many neutrophilic granulocytes and pathological flora. The causes can be infection, swelling, allergies and chemical irritation, foreign bodies, fistulas, proctitis.

The most common cause of non-bloody discharge is vaginitis. Vaginitis is an infectious or other etiology of inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, often spreading to the vulva.

To decipher the syndrome, it is first of all necessary to take into account the age of the patient.

In newborns, sterile mucous vulvovaginal secretion is secondary and is due to the intake of maternal estrogens before childbirth. For the same reason, a slight admixture of blood is possible. Excessive discharge stops within the next 14 days after birth.

In children, vulvitis is more often of infectious etiology (E. coli , Streptococci , Staphylococci , Candida ) or enterobiotic. If gonococci are identified, then child sexual abuse should be suspected. If there is blood in the discharge, then the foreign body must be excluded. Chemicals in baby shampoos or soaps can also irritate the vulva. Discharge increases with masturbation (more often in girls aged 2–6 years) and in poor hygienic conditions.

In women of reproductive age, vaginal discharge is an epithelial transudate from the cervix and vagina. The transudate contains a large amount of Lactobacillus and less than Corynobacterium . Lactobacilli shift the vaginal pH to 3.8–4.2, preventing the growth of other flora and fungi. Menstrual blood, semen, and infection alkalize vaginal secretions. Irritation of the vulva and vagina can be caused by hygiene sprays, soaps, bath additives, tight, pore-free linen, latex condoms or diaphragms, spermicidal gels, lubricants, poor hygiene practices, and, conversely, the use of germicidal drugs for fear of infection.During reproductive years, vaginitis is usually secondary to infection. DD includes epithelial disorders, tumors, allergic vulvitis or dermatitis.

In menopause (occurring naturally or secondary after removal of the ovaries, irradiation of the pelvic organs, chemotherapy), estrogen deficiency leads to thinning of the mucous membrane and, naturally, its increased vulnerability. Therefore, vaginitis is more often of an irritative etiology.

Bacterial and fungal vaginitis easily develop in women with diabetes who are on immunosuppressive therapy or are bedridden (nursing homes, disabled people, etc.).NS.). The presence of multiple sexual partners and the use of intrauterine contraceptives are also risk factors.

With any bacterial vaginitis, the concentration of anaerobes increases tens and hundreds of times (Bac teroides spp ., Peptostreptococcus spp ., Gardnerella Gardnerella Mobiluncus spp .).

In general, vulvovaginal infection primarily affects the vaginal mucosa and secondary to the vulva.

Most common signs of bacterial vaginitis:

• foul-smelling gray-green discharge *;
• “fishy”, ammonia smell *;
• pH 4.5 *;
• bacterial (key) cells *;
• hyperemia and irritation of the mucous membrane;
• itching.

Any 3 of 4 signs marked with an asterisk are sufficient for the diagnosis.The smell of “fishy”, ammonia and alkalinity of the discharge intensifies after menstruation or coitus. The smell is also enhanced when a 10% KOH solution is added to the sample, which is used as a diagnostic test.

Microscopic examination of a preparation treated on glass with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution can be performed on an outpatient basis, right there at the reception, and allows you to identify bacterial or fungal cells that are key for the diagnosis. Routine vaginal examinations are not advisable, as 50-60% of women are asymptomatic carriers of G.vaginalis (the DD pathway is shown in Figure 32.1).

The most common vaginal infections are gardnerellosis, candidiasis (moniliosis), trichomoniasis.

Gardnerellosis, is probably the most common variant of bacterial vaginitis. Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis) upon careful research is responsible for 80–90% of vaginitis, which is primarily treated as “nonspecific”. The disease is typical for sexually active women.The discharge is watery, it can be gray-green, less often with an admixture of blood. Itching is atypical.

Fungal infection is the cause of infectious vaginitis in 30–35% of patients. As a colonizing agent noted in 15-20% of non-pregnant women and 20-40% of pregnant women. Studies have shown that 75% of women have at least one episode of candidiasis during their lifetime. In 90% of cases, the etiological agent of vaginal candidiasis is Candida albicans, in the remaining 10% – other types of Candida, for example Candida glabrata. The likelihood of fungal colonization of the vagina increases with late pregnancy, the use of steroids, antibiotics, oral contraceptives. Clinically, vaginal itching is noted, worsening at night and accompanied by edema and hyperemia, dyspareunia. Discharge (pH 4.0-4.5) resembles “cheese crumbs”, yellow-white overlays. Symptoms are worse before menses. DD is performed with contact irritative or allergic vulvitis.

Trichomoniasis vaginitis accounts for 5-10% of all vaginal infections.Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. The annual number of cases of this disease is estimated at about 170 million. The microbe, being the causative agent of acute infection, contributes to the premature development of amniotic membranes, premature birth and childbirth of underweight children. In addition, Tr. vaginalis facilitates the transmission of HIV. While a small increase in the risk of HIV infection through sexual intercourse may not be significant to an individual, it can have a significant impact on the incidence of AIDS in the general population.According to some publications, the prevalence of trichomoniasis varies in different population groups. It is the lowest in the highest socio-economic strata. And among women in developing countries and limited population groups in developed countries, it can reach 50%. With age, the prevalence of trichomoniasis among women increases, which is not typical for bacterial sexually transmitted infections with a short duration of the disease.

Among all female carriers of Trichomonas vaginalis , 50% have no symptoms at all, 25% note only itching, only 25% have discharge and itching.Manifestations intensify during menstruation or immediately after them. Menses profuse, thick. A concomitant anaerobic infection gives an abundant yellow-green foamy discharge (pH 5–6) a pungent, unpleasant odor. Pain in the lower abdomen, dysuria, dyspareunia are not uncommon. Development of cervicitis is possible. DD is performed with other forms of purulent vaginitis, secondary infection.

Herpetic infection (usually HSV type 2) 5-7 days after the initial inoculation is manifested by small vesicles leaving erosions, which are easily overlaid by secondary bacterial infection.The primary infection is associated with lymphadenopathy and sometimes fever. The systemic reaction lasts about 1 week, local up to 21 days. The virus rises along the peripheral nerves to the sacral plexus, where it persists. Subsequent exacerbations are easier, complete in 4-10 days and are provoked by all factors contributing to the exacerbation of chronic infection.

Genital warts are caused by the human papilloma virus. Genital warts are the most common sexually transmitted viral disease.Papillomavirus is detected in 6% of women aged 20–34 years. Many of the patients with papillomavirus also have other genital infections.

Subtypes 6 and 11 primarily affect the vulvar epithelium. Types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 41, 42, 43, 44, 51, 52 and 56 are less likely to affect the vulva, but more often the cervix, being one of the reasons for the development of carcinoma. Condylomas resemble polyps, partly on a pedicle, located on the vulva, the walls of the vagina, and the cervix. DD is primarily with syphilitic warts.

Syndromic management of patients with vaginal discharge

For situations where it is impossible to examine the patient, conduct laboratory studies and determine the exact cause of the disorder, WHO experts (1995) developed an algorithm for managing a patient with vaginal discharge when it is impossible to clarify the etiology (Scheme 32. 2).

* The risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) may vary from region to region. But according to the WHO criteria, a patient has a risk of STDs if 2 of the following criteria are met:

• age under 21;
• Single;
• more than 1 sexual partner in the last 3 months;
• New sexual partner in the last 3 months.

Vaginal bleeding

To answer the question about the physiology or pathology of vaginal bleeding, it is first of all necessary to determine the chronological stage of the individual development of the reproductive system.

Allocate:

1. Premenstrual age.
2. Menarche – the period of the formation of menstrual function in puberty.
3. Reproductive age. It is usually characterized by regular menstruation.
4. Perimenopausal period — extinction of ovarian function.
5. Postmenopausal period – complete completion of menstruation.

All vaginal bleeding in the l-th and 5-th periods is a priori interpreted as pathological. On the other hand, irregular and atypical bleeding in volume, discomfort in the 2nd and 4th periods, partly in the 3rd period, can in some cases be interpreted as physiological and normal.

Menstrual bleeding is considered pathological if it occurs more often than once every 20 days (polymenorrhea), less than once every 42 days (oligomenorrhea), lasts more than 8 days (menorrhea), the volume of blood loss exceeds 150 ml (hypermenorrhea), or if bleeding occurs between periods (metrorhagia).

The first diagnostic (and therapeutic) step for vaginal bleeding is to quickly determine the location of the examination (inpatient or outpatient), based on the severity of the symptom, the amount of blood loss and the patient’s condition.

Verify that the bleeding actually originated from the reproductive tract and not from the urinary system or intestines. Next, determine from which part of the genital tract (vulva, vagina, cervix or uterus) bleeding has developed. It can be caused by infections, trauma, foreign bodies, swelling, atrophy (with estrogen deficiency in the postmenopausal period).

Atypical uterine bleeding associated with the ovulatory cycle is more often caused by pathological processes in the small pelvis (endometrial polyp, endometriosis or chronic endometritis, fibroids (leiomyoma) of the uterus, uterine tumor, intrauterine contraceptive, chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, ovarian tumor). But one should also remember about diseases of the blood system (see the chapter Hemorrhagic conditions and thrombocytosis).

Pathological anovulatory uterine bleeding, as a rule, is not associated with damage to the pelvic organs (except in cases of hormonally active ovarian tumors), but is due to endocrine disorders.These can be hypothalamic pituitary changes in tumors, infiltrative processes, vascular disorders, as well as prolactinomas, hyperandrogenic syndrome, thyroid diseases, and quite often chronic mental and physical stress.

Before menarche, any vaginal bleeding is perceived as a clear pathology. This is usually bleeding from the lower genital tract. Their causes: trauma (accidental or violent), foreign bodies, infections, less often a tumor.Bleeding from the uterus is noted with hormonally active ovarian tumors (premature pseudopubertal) or central genesis (true premature puberty).

During menarche, in most cases, atypical bleeding is physiological anovulatory. But it is necessary to exclude all other causes, including early termination of pregnancy and hemorrhagic diathesis.

In women of reproductive age, with complaints of bleeding, termination of pregnancy, infections, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, anovulatory bleeding should be excluded.The risk of developing cancer increases with age.

In the menopausal period, anovulatory bleeding is possible, but first of all, cancer of the uterus or its cervix should be excluded.

Any bleeding in the postmenopausal period (a year after the last vaginal bleeding) is a clear pathology and requires urgent exclusion of cancer. But in most cases at this age, vaginal bleeding, usually very scanty, is associated with atrophy of the epithelium of the vulva and vagina.

90,000 Discharge after menstruation: what are, causes and diagnostics

The normal microflora of the genital organs implies an abundant, transparent, odorless discharge that does not irritate the vagina.Their quantity and quality varies depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. Immediately after menstruation, the discharge is normally small, transparent, odorless. In the middle of the cycle, they become more abundant and viscous. As the next menstruation approaches, the discharge turns white, acquires a mild sour smell, becomes thick.

Contents of article

1. Prices for services
2. What does the discharge say?

The amount of blood that is released with menstruation is approximately 100-150 ml ml. The liquid is normally scarlet, without preliminary and subsequent smearing secretions.

At the end of menstruation, blood clotting increases, blood is released more slowly, has time to clot, in this regard, discharge and blood clots have a darker color, may be brown. If they are odorless, this is the norm. If there is a smell, then it is necessary to pass a smear and PCR tests for chlamydia, gardnerella, mycoplasma and ureaplasma, herpes, cytomegalovirus.

If discharge appears a few days after menstruation or if menstruation lasts more than 7 days, a pregnancy test should be done to exclude an ectopic pregnancy or spontaneous miscarriage.

In rare cases, other discharge after menstruation or before them can also be considered a variant of the norm. So brown discharge can appear in the first months of taking hormonal contraceptives. But if this phenomenon continues for the 3rd month or longer, then the drug is not suitable.

Prices for services

Initial appointment with a gynecologist + ultrasound (assessment of complaints, taking anamnesis, examination on a gynecological chair, ultrasound of the pelvis, consultation)

Initial appointment – a visit to a doctor of a specific specialty for the first time.

Make an appointment

Reappointment of the gynecologist

Except for repeated admission to doctors: Blatsios N.D., Dzhashiashvili M.D.

Make an appointment

What does the discharge say?

Brown highlights

Brown discharge after menstruation or at another period of the cycle must be treated very carefully! A brownish brownish tint of the liquid clearly indicates bloody or bloody additions to the mucus.And this, in turn, may indicate violations. These include endometritis, endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia, uterine myoma, polyp, detachment of the ovum, ectopic pregnancy.

Discharge in large clots during menstruation

Bending of the cervix, impaired blood clotting – a tendency to thrombosis, hypovitaminosis of B vitamins, a pathological process in the uterus (polyp, endometriosis, fibroids). Also, such discharge occurs if a woman has an intrauterine device.

Dirty, thin, watery discharge

Such discharge after menstruation or before them may indicate chronic endometritis, chronic endocervicitis.

White highlights

White discharge indicates infection or inflammation.

Mucous discharge, white or transparent with white streaks

Such discharge at the end of the cycle, before menstruation, is evidence of cervical erosion, cervicitis (inflammation of the cervical canal).

White discharge with sour odor

Thrush (candidiasis). Concomitant symptoms: itching, discomfort in the genital area. But these signs may not be there.

White, greenish or grayish discharge

Gardnerellosis (vaginal dysbiosis). This disease is characterized by exfoliating discharge films, usually in combination with a fishy odor.

Yellow, yellow-green vaginal discharge

Bacterial infection.

Foamy vaginal discharge

Such discharge is characteristic of the acute stage of trichomoniasis; over time, the symptoms may subside, but the infection will remain. Diagnosis is by smear.

Pink, like diluted blood discharge

An unpleasant odor, usually before and after menstruation, they talk about chronic endometritis or endocervicitis.

Scarlet spotting

Erosion of the cervix, endocervicitis, if there is such a discharge several days before menstruation.

Scarlet spotting during pregnancy

Detachment of the ovum or placenta, the threat of miscarriage.

Scarlet spotting after intercourse

Microcracks in the vagina formed during intercourse, erosion of the cervix, cervicitis.

IMPORTANT: Any discharge after menstruation, except for transparent, odorless and in small quantities and not leading to discomfort, should be considered as a pathology and, without delay, consult a doctor.

Doctors

All doctors

Dzhashiashvili Maggie Dzhemalovna

KMN, gynecologist-endocrinologist, reproductologist, ultrasound specialist, head.Department of Gynecology
Doctor of the clinic Altermed Dzhashiashvili Maggie Dzhemalovna

Blacios Nikos Dmitrios

Gynecologist-endocrinologist, ultrasound specialist
Doctor of the clinic Altermed Blacios Nikos Dmitrios

Grishkovets Igor Alexandrovich

Gynecologist-endocrinologist, ultrasound specialist
Doctor of the clinic Altermed Grishkovets Igor Alexandrovich

Reut (Averchenko) Natalia Igorevna

Gynecologist-endocrinologist, ultrasound specialist
Doctor of the clinic Altermed Reut (Averchenko) Natalia Igorevna

Yagunova Angelika Vladislavovna

Gynecologist-endocrinologist, ultrasound specialist
Doctor of the clinic Altermed Yagunova Angelika Vladislavovna

Golovatinskaya Nina Sergeevna

Gynecologist-endocrinologist, ultrasound specialist
Clinic doctor Altermed Golovatinskaya Nina Sergeevna

Petrenko Elena Viacheslavovna

Gynecologist-endocrinologist, ultrasound specialist
Doctor of the clinic Altermed Petrenko Elena Vyacheslavovna

90,000 Vaginal discharge. When to suspect pathology

What is vaginal discharge?

Vaginal discharge is the result of certain processes in the female body. Mucus contributes to the performance of the most important functions of the reproductive system. The presence of certain disorders is diagnosed in the early stages of development by the state of the discharge.

Leucorrhoea from the vagina is considered a physiological norm, which is caused by some features of the woman’s reproductive system.The cervical canal of the uterus, receptors of the vaginal walls secrete mucus, which can perform different functions. One of them is the protective function. With the appearance of leucorrhoea modified in color and composition, the development of gynecological pathology can be suspected.

If you suspect a disease, you need to contact the “Diamed-Express” medical center, where you can get diagnostics of female diseases from qualified specialists.

Normal vaginal secretions are produced from puberty in all women of reproductive age.In virgins, vaginal discharge is a normal physiological condition that has nothing to do with the onset of sexual activity. Normal discharge consists of:

• mucus produced by cells of the cervical canal;
• the minimum number of cells of uterine mucus, excess lymph and plasma;
• vaginal microflora, including opportunistic microbes;
• minimum leukocyte count.

In addition to protection, leucorrhoea sanitizes the vagina, maintains the desired level of microflora, moisturizes the walls of the vagina during intercourse.

In a healthy woman, vaginal leucorrhoea is transparent, does not contain foreign inclusions. The appearance of white discharge is considered the norm if it has a uniform consistency and a normal odor. They can appear before the onset of menstruation, in the early gestational periods.

If the appearance of the discharge changes, it is worth suspecting the development of pathological changes or vaginal infections. The leucorrhoea changes its consistency, color, smell. They become cloudy and thick with impurities and an unpleasant odor.

Pathological leucorrhoea and their signs

For pathological leucorrhoea:

• in the groin area there are unpleasant sensations, burning, itching;
• discharge may be yellow, green, sometimes with an admixture of foam;
• The secret may contain white or orange cheesy inclusions that irritate the external genitals;
• the volume of vaginal secretion increases, a specific herring smell appears;
• copious yellow discharge appears, combined with pain during urination;
• vaginal secretions can be thick, contain impurities of pus, blood, and have an unpleasant odor.

Pathology includes the presence of bloody discharge from the cervical canal, appearing in the intervals between menstruation. Vaginal secretions with an unpleasant odor and discoloration, may indicate candidiasis, trichomoniasis, gardnerellosis, etc.

The pathogen of pathology affects the nature of the change in leucorrhoea. At:

• Chlamydia vaginal secretion is transparent and foaming;
• bacterial vaginosis, the discharge becomes gray and strong fishy odor;
• For thrush, mucus is thick, like cottage cheese, causing itching and swelling of the genitals;
• Trichomoniasis discharge sticky and yellow, causing itching, swelling, hyperemia of the genitals;
• cervicitis, vaginitis, ovarian inflammation, the discharge is green.

The following can also affect the change in the type and composition of the secretions: means of intimate hygiene of poor quality, regular sanitation of the vagina, leading to a violation of the native microflora, a sedentary lifestyle, taking oral contraception for a long time, etc.

What can the leucorrhoea change color indicate?

The presence of yellow leucorrhoea with an increase in their volume, itching, burning of the genitals and mucous membranes, pain during urination may indicate the development of infections such as trichomoniasis, vaginitis and serve as a reason to see a doctor.

Gray leucorrhoea appears when serous fluid accumulates in the uterine cavity.

Green cloudy discharge appears with a bacterial infection that affects the uterus with appendages. Green leucorrhoea is often accompanied by gonorrhea.

Brown bloody discharge from the neck is considered the most dangerous, since it can be a harbinger of severe bleeding, in the presence of neoplasms, indicate the onset of menopause, etc.

It is possible to establish the true cause of the change in vaginal secretion after taking tests and conducting instrumental diagnostics, which can be passed at the Diamed-Express Medical Center.After examination and identification of the cause of the pathology, here you can undergo effective treatment, which is carried out by qualified specialists. You can sign up for the center by calling: (044) 428 30 05, (044) 221 54 87, (063) 693 15 45, (067) 232 60 58.

90,000 Discharge in women, itching, unpleasant odor

It will be difficult to find a representative of the fair sex who has never encountered such a common problem at least once in her life as discharge in women – white, yellow, greenish or colorless.However, the presence of a small amount of discharge, or, as gynecologists say, whiter – without a pungent odor – is a kind of norm. Here are the characteristics of normal leucorrhoea:

• colorless, or have a light yellow tint;
• mucous in consistency or more viscous, sometimes may contain in its composition a semblance of finely ground flakes;
• are odorless, or have a mild sour odor;
• As for the volume of discharge, it normally does not exceed 1-4 ml.

Thus, in a healthy woman, leucorrhoea is practically invisible and does not cause her any discomfort. Both too much discharge and odor without discharge in women, itching and other disturbing symptoms are evidence that something is wrong with the patient’s body.

The most significant causes of discharge in women

What indicates the development of pathology in the genitals of a woman? First of all, this is an increase in the volume of leucorrhoea, as well as a change in their color to yellow-green or brownish.In addition, it is important to pay attention to the change in their consistency – leucorrhoea can become curdled, watery or foam-like, and also contain pus in its composition. A scent without discharge in women can be a sign of gardnerellosis, as well as thrush or hormonal imbalance.

Other relatively harmless reasons for discharge in women are the approach of ovulation and being in a state of sexual arousal, a stressful situation and moving to a region with an unusual climate, pregnancy and taking a number of pharmaceuticals – in particular, antibiotics.

In addition, itching and discharge in women – yellow, white, or another color – is often one of the signs of various diseases. These include:

• inflammation of the appendages, vaginal mucosa, external genitalia and cervix – both together and separately;
• candidiasis, the cause of which is infection of the vagina with the corresponding fungus, manifests itself through white discharge in women;
• vaginal dysbiosis, which is often accompanied by a disgusting “fishy” odor;
• all kinds of STDs – gonorrhea, chlamydia, etc.d.

In addition, a common cause of bleeding in women, particularly after intercourse, is polycystic ovary disease. The presence of benign neoplasms such as polyps on the cervix, as well as erosion, can also lead to the appearance of bloody discharge.

Treatment of discharge in women

If you find that the volume, smell or other physical characteristics of the leucorrhoea have changed, then this is a serious reason for immediately contacting a gynecologist.An experienced specialist – namely, such doctors receive patients every day in the appropriate department of ON CLINIC in Ryazan – in many cases is able to make a preliminary diagnosis based on the examination of a woman. However, smear tests and blood tests, as well as a PCR study, will help to confirm or deny it and are necessary for the appointment of effective therapy.

An effective treatment regimen for discharge in women – depending on what triggered their appearance – may include taking antibiotics prescribed by a doctor and means to eliminate a fungal infection.In some cases, you should reconsider your choice of intimate hygiene products or undergo a course of physiotherapy procedures. Finally, in particularly difficult situations, surgery may be necessary to eliminate this unpleasant symptom.

Are you interested in the price of treatment of discharge in women in Ryazan in our private clinic? Call us and make an appointment!

90,000 Vaginal discharge – causes, diseases, diagnosis, prevention and treatment – Likar24

Vaginal discharge may be physiological or pathological.Although abnormal vaginal discharge often prompts women to look for sexually transmitted infections, vaginal discharge does not always predict the presence of an STI.

Vaginal discharge is generally not a cause for concern if it is:

• do not have a strong or unpleasant odor;
• transparent or white;
• sticky and slippery structure.

Vaginal discharge is most often normal and regular.However, there are certain types of secretions that can indicate an infection.

Vaginal discharge can appear at any age.

There are several types of vaginal discharge. These types are classified based on their color and sequence. Some types of discharge are normal. Others may indicate an underlying medical condition that requires treatment.

Sometimes unusual discharge requiring increased attention may be combined with the following other symptoms:

• fever;
• abdominal pain;
• unexplained weight loss;
• fatigue;
• frequent urination.

Any change in the vaginal balance of normal bacteria can affect the odor, color, or texture of the discharge. Some of the factors that can upset this balance are:

• use of antibiotics or steroids;
• bacterial vaginosis, a bacterial infection, is more common in pregnant women or women with multiple sex partners;
• birth control pills;
• cervical cancer;
• chlamydia or gonorrhea, sexually transmitted infections;
• diabetes;
• perfumed soaps or lotions;
• pelvic infections after surgery;
• pelvic inflammatory disease;
• trichomoniasis, a parasitic infection caused by having unprotected sex;
• vaginal atrophy, thinning and drying out of the vaginal walls during menopause;
• vaginitis, irritation in or around the vagina;
• fungal infections.

Vaginal discharge during pregnancy is thin, white, milky and soft. During pregnancy, the amount of discharge also increases. However, during perimenopause and menopause, the amount of discharge decreases due to low estrogen levels.

Factors that can lead to a decrease in estrogen levels cause little or no vaginal discharge:

• drugs or hormones used in the treatment of breast cancer, endometriosis, fibroids or infertility;
• operations to remove the ovaries;
• radiation therapy to the pelvic area;
• chemotherapy;
• severe stress, depression or vigorous exercise.

When you see a doctor because you suspect an abnormal discharge, you should have a physical exam, including a pelvic exam. The doctor should ask several questions about your symptoms, your menstrual cycle, and your sexual activity. In many cases, the infection can be detected by physical examination.

If a doctor cannot quickly diagnose a problem, he or she may conduct certain tests. Your doctor will take a swab from your cervix to check for HPV or cervical cancer.The discharge can also be examined under a microscope to determine the infectious factor.

If your discharge has changed, that is: it has become cloudy, yellowish or greenish, an unpleasant “fishy” smell, itching, discomfort in the external genital area, you should immediately contact a specialist.

You need to make an appointment with the gynecologist:

• will examine the gynecological chair,
• will take a smear on the microflora from the vagina,
• and will also conduct a survey for sexually transmitted infections.

Analyzes are carried out within 1-2 days.

After receiving the tests, you will be assigned a course of treatment, depending on the identified disease.

Usually the course of treatment occurs within 10-14 days. After that, you will need to come for a second examination by a gynecologist for control tests.

White discharge

Slightly whitish discharge, especially at the beginning or end of the menstrual cycle, is normal.However, if they are itchy and have a firm texture or a curd-like appearance, they are not normal and treatment is necessary. This could be a sign of a fungal infection.

Clear and watery discharge

Clear and watery discharge is normal. This can happen at any time of the month. They are especially evident after physical training.

Transparent and viscous discharge

When the discharge is clear but elastic and mucoid rather than watery, it means you are probably ovulating.This is a normal type of discharge.

Brown or bloody discharge

Brown or spotting is usually normal, especially when it occurs during or immediately after the menstrual cycle.

If spotting occurs outside of your period and you recently had unprotected intercourse, it could be a sign of pregnancy. Discharge of blood during the early phase of pregnancy can be a sign of miscarriage, so be sure to discuss this with your gynecologist.

In rare cases, brown or bloody discharge may be a sign of endometrial or cervical cancer. There may be other problems as well, such as fibroids or other abnormal growths. This is why it is important to have an annual pelvic exam. During these procedures, your gynecologist will check for cervical abnormalities.

Yellow or green discharge

A yellow or green discharge, especially if thick, with an unpleasant odor, is not normal.This type of discharge can be a sign of trichomoniasis. It is often spread through unprotected intercourse.

Normal vaginal discharge is a healthy function of the body. This is your body’s way of cleaning and protecting your vagina. However, abnormal vaginal discharge is usually caused by an infection:

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is a fairly common bacterial infection. It causes increased vaginal discharge, which has a strong, unpleasant and sometimes fishy odor, although in some cases it does not produce any symptoms.Women who have oral sex or have multiple sex partners are at increased risk of getting this infection.

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is another type of infection that spreads through sexual contact, but it can also result from exchanging towels or swimwear. It produces yellow or green discharge that has an unpleasant odor. Pain, inflammation, and itching are also common symptoms, although some people experience no symptoms.

Fungal infection or candidiasis

A yeast infection is a fungal infection that causes white, curd discharge and symptoms of burning and itching. The presence of fungi in the vagina is normal, but vaginal growth may increase in certain situations. Here are some factors that can increase the chances of fungal infections growing:

• stress;
• diabetes;
• use of birth control pills;
• pregnancy;
• antibiotics, especially long-term use of 10 days.

Gonorrhea and chlamydia

Gonorrhea and chlamydia are sexually transmitted infections that can lead to abnormal discharge. Often yellow or green.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection that is often sexually transmitted. It happens when bacteria spreads to the vagina and other reproductive organs. This can lead to an unpleasant odor in the discharge.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) or cervical cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is spread through sexual contact. This can lead to cervical cancer. Although characteristic symptoms may be absent. This type of cancer can cause bloody, brown, or watery discharge with an unpleasant odor. Cervical cancer can be easily analyzed with annual swabs and HPV testing.

For any manifestation of abnormal vaginal discharge, you need to contact a gynecologist.He, thanks to diagnostic methods, will be able to correctly diagnose and begin treatment.

The doctor will review your medical history and ask about your symptoms. Questions during the examination:

• When the discharge started;
• what is the color of the discharge;
• Whether the discharge has an odor;
• Whether you have itching, pain, or burning around your vagina;
• How many sexual partners do you have.

The doctor will take a swab and do a test to collect cells from the cervix for further examination.

To prevent infection, practice good hygiene and wear breathable, non-synthetic, cotton underwear. Avoid using scented shower gels and soaps, as they can degrade the acid balance in your vagina, killing beneficial bacteria. Use condoms during intercourse.

Here are some tips for preventing vaginal infections that can lead to abnormal discharge:

• Keep your vagina clean by regularly washing with gentle, mild soap and warm water.
• Never use scented soaps. Also avoid female sprays.