h2N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) – APIC

October 18-24, 2009 is International Infection Prevention Week (IIPW). IIPW is an annual event to raise awareness about the importance of infection prevention and what consumers can do to guard against infections.  As h2N1 influenza continues to spread and more people become infected with the virus, APIC’s message for IIPW 2009 focuses on how consumers can stay healthy during this flu season.

Background on h2N1
The 2009 h2N1 influenza virus (previously called swine flu) is a new strain of influenza virus. It is very contagious and has spread to many areas of the United States and other countries resulting in a pandemic.

It is believed that the h2N1 flu spreads the same way that seasonal flu does. These viruses are transmitted mainly from person-to-person as a result of exposure to people who have flu like symptoms who are coughing and/or sneezing. People can also become infected by touching something that has flu virus on it and then touching their eyes, nose or mouth.

Symptoms of h2N1 flu are similar to regular seasonal flu and include: fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing, body aches, headaches, chills and fatigue. Some persons have also reported diarrhea and vomiting.

2009 h2N1 Influenza Vaccine 
Getting vaccinated is the single best way to protect against influenza illness. h2N1 flu vaccines are now available. They are made the same way and by the same manufacturers as seasonal flu vaccine. This vaccine will not prevent influenza-like illnesses caused by other viruses; therefore, you must get both the seasonal influenza vaccine and the h2N1 influenza vaccine. To find out where to get seasonal or h2N1 vaccines, visit http://www.flu.gov/.

There are two kinds of 2009 h2N1 vaccines available:

• 2009 h2N1 flu shot (inactivated influenza shot) – This is just like the annual flu shot that is given with a needle; it has killed virus in it and is injected into the muscle. One form of the vaccine contains a preservative called thimerosal; another form is preservative free. For more information, visit the CDC’s website:  http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/downloads/vis-inact-h2n1.pdf
• 2009 h2N1 nasal spray flu vaccine (Live Attenuated Intranasal Vaccine — LAIV). This is a weakened virus in a vaccine that is sprayed into the nose. Certain groups may not get the nasal spray vaccine: pregnant women, people with certain long-term illnesses such as diabetes, asthma etc., children from 6 months to 2 years old, and adults 50 years or older. If you cannot get the nasal spray flu vaccine, you should get the h2N1 flu shot. For more information, please see:  http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/downloads/vis-laiv-h2n1.pdf and  http://www.cdc.gov/h2n1flu/vaccination/nasalspray_qa.htm  

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have identified ways to stay healthy and guard against the flu:

• Cough into your sleeve or cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective and should be used frequently.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth. Germs spread that way.
• Avoid close contact with sick people (stay 3-6 feet away).
• If you get sick, stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them.

APIC reminds everyone: Do not visit patients in the hospital or any other healthcare facility if you think you may have the flu.

Resources:
www.cdc.gov/h2n1flu
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html

h2N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention

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h2N1 swine flu shot in Moscow

h2N1 swine flu shot in Moscow

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The world periodically faces waves of seasonal h2N1 type A influenza, the virus of which mutates slightly every year. However, the general human immunity against this disease has always helped people cope with it.

This time, apparently, the virus was subjected to a stronger mutation. Scientists suggest that the disease appeared in Mexico, in the body of pigs. Genetic material from animals, not familiar to the human body, was mixed with the usual set of h2N1 genes.

This modified version of the seasonal flu that is familiar to us was called “swine flu”, and for obvious reasons, aroused the close attention of scientists. As established, the virus continues to mutate, and can be transmitted from person to person.

This circumstance increases the risk of the disease and makes it extremely difficult to create a vaccine against it. The disease, like the common flu, begins with fever, cough, sore throat and muscles, chills and general weakness. Patients often have diarrhea, which is one of the characteristic signs of swine flu.

The only right decision in this case is to call a doctor at home. Self-medication with traditional methods can be fraught with complications and even death. The doctor will make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the necessary treatment. There is currently no specific treatment for swine flu. It is treated in the same way as traditional virus strains. Prevention of the disease is traditional. It is necessary to observe the rules of general hygiene, which is the most important, to minimize visits to crowded places, avoid contact with people who sneeze and cough.

As you know, influenza is transmitted by airborne droplets. For this reason, if you happen to care for the sick, do not forget to wear a gauze bandage. However, we should not forget that it does not guarantee complete protection. The longer the mask is worn, the lower its effectiveness.

And if she began to get wet from breathing, or does not fit snugly to her face, then she is generally useless. There is currently no vaccine for swine flu. Vaccinations, flu shots, against various strains of regular seasonal flu are ineffective, and their use is useless.

Heals drop by drop: Gamaleya Center’s spray vaccine will protect against swine flu | Articles

In Russia, the first stage of clinical trials of a nasal influenza vaccine, which will be effective against all variants of the virus circulating in recent years, including swine, is successfully underway. As Izvestia was told at the Gamaleya Center, the use of a nasal vaccine will allow for a longer immunity, due to which it will be necessary to be vaccinated less than once a year. Interestingly, the development used the same technological platform as for the production of Sputnik V. According to scientists, the Ministry of Health will be able to decide on the introduction of a new vaccine into circulation after the completion of the second stage of research, which is scheduled for 2023. Meanwhile, Rospotrebnadzor reported that swine flu A (h2N1) has already been detected in 74 subjects of the Russian Federation.

One against all

Preliminary results of the first stage of clinical trials of a nasal vaccine against the most common influenza strains in recent years will be published in three months. This was announced to Izvestia at the National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology. N.F. Gamaleya. The vaccine was named GamFluVak-Kvadri.

“It will be effective against both swine flu and other strains,” the director of the Center named after Izvestia told Izvestia. N.F. Gamalei Alexander Gintsburg.

The drug is in the form of a solution that is administered through the nose once. It is a quadrivalent vector vaccine by type, which was created using the same technological platform as for the development of Sputnik V. In this case, human adenoviruses are also used as “deliverers”, but not two, but four.

Photo: IZVESTIA/Dmitry Korotaev

– The design features of the nasal vaccine are such that protection will be formed against different strains of influenza A, whether it be h2N1 swine flu or bird flu. It will also protect against types of influenza type B, which are annually included in the composition of classical vaccines, ”the developer of the drug, head of the laboratory of molecular biotechnology at the Gamaleya Center, Doctor of Biology Maxim Shmarov, told Izvestia.

Moreover, such vaccines make it possible to form an active immune defense on the mucous membrane of the human upper respiratory tract and thus create a barrier that will stop the virus at the initial stage of its penetration into the body, which is not the case with the use of injectable preparations.

According to Maxim Shmarov, trials on the first volunteers are going well, no adverse effects after the introduction of the vaccine have been registered. In the future, the vaccinated will be monitored for six months. In parallel, scientists plan to prepare for the next stage of testing – the second phase of clinical trials involving a larger group of volunteers. This stage is planned to be completed within the next year.

– Animal data show that these vaccines provide long-term protection due to the fact that, in addition to the antibody response (which is responsible for B-cells), T-cell immunity develops, the task of which is to destroy those already infected with influenza structures. They retain memory for antigens, which lasts for two to three years. It is clear that over time, such protection will weaken, but there will be no need to vaccinate annually,” said Maxim Shmarov.

According to the developers, the vaccine is able to protect against all variants of influenza viruses circulating in the human population in recent years. However, if a new version appears, it will need to be modified.

Hot epidemiological season

In Russia, the incidence of influenza and SARS continues to grow, reported on Tuesday, December 6, in Rospotrebnadzor. According to the agency, over the past week, the incidence rate of SARS and influenza has increased by 23.3% compared to the previous week. The so-called swine flu A(h2N1) has already been detected in 74 subjects of the Russian Federation.

Medical testing labs report an increase in people’s interest in testing for the virus. In particular, Gemotest notes an increase in demand for research on the detection of antibodies to influenza A (h2N1) by PCR. Compared to the beginning of November, in the second half of the month, the number of tests performed increased seven times. And according to the Labquest laboratory, the statistics of detection of respiratory infections for November – early December shows that in 36.8% of cases of testing for the influenza A virus, it was detected (swine flu is included in this category).

“Two weeks ago, we started typing positive samples for influenza A and found that more than 90% of positive results are for h2N1 swine flu,” added the press service of LabQuest.

Photo: Izvestiya/Konstantin Kokoshkin

In recent years, there has been a decline in the incidence of influenza due to isolation and other anti-covid measures, so the fact that now there is an increase is a natural process, the head physician of the clinical diagnostic laboratory of OOO ” Invitro-Siberia” Andrey Pozdnyakov.

– Also, the incidence was affected by the massive refusal to vaccinate – despite the recommendations, many people neglect flu shots, considering them ineffective or even dangerous. Immunity to this virus is declining quite quickly, and since people in the last 2-3 years have practically not been ill with it and have not been massively vaccinated, the swine flu virus has fallen into a favorable environment for itself,” he said.

Rospotrebnadzor recommended that the regions continue the information campaign on vaccination. To date, more than 72.4 million people have been vaccinated, which is 49.5% of the country’s population.