Flu vaccine for h1n1. H1N1 Flu Vaccine: Understanding the Inactivated Intramuscular Influenza A Virus Vaccine

02.09.202308.07.2023 by alexxlab

What is the H1N1 flu vaccine. How does the inactivated intramuscular influenza A virus vaccine work. What are the key facts about H1N1 influenza (swine flu). How can you protect yourself during flu season.

The Basics of H1N1 Influenza: What You Need to Know

H1N1 influenza, commonly known as swine flu, is a highly contagious strain of influenza virus that emerged in 2009, causing a global pandemic. This novel virus is a combination of human, swine, and avian flu viruses, making it particularly concerning for public health officials.

How does H1N1 spread? The virus transmits from person to person through respiratory droplets when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching one’s face, particularly the eyes, nose, or mouth.

The symptoms of H1N1 flu are similar to those of seasonal flu and may include:

Fever
Cough
Sore throat
Body aches
Headache
Chills
Fatigue

Some individuals may also experience diarrhea and vomiting. It’s important to note that the severity of symptoms can vary from mild to severe, and in some cases, H1N1 can lead to serious complications, especially in high-risk groups.

Vaccination: The Most Effective Defense Against H1N1

Vaccination remains the single most effective method to protect against H1N1 influenza. The H1N1 vaccine is manufactured using the same processes and by the same companies that produce the seasonal flu vaccine, ensuring its safety and efficacy.

Are there different types of H1N1 vaccines available? Yes, there are two primary forms of the 2009 H1N1 vaccine:

Inactivated influenza shot: This is an intramuscular injection containing killed virus particles. It’s available in two versions – one with the preservative thimerosal and another that is preservative-free.
Live Attenuated Intranasal Vaccine (LAIV): This nasal spray contains weakened live viruses and is administered through the nose.

It’s crucial to understand that the H1N1 vaccine does not provide protection against other influenza-like illnesses caused by different viruses. Therefore, healthcare professionals recommend getting both the seasonal influenza vaccine and the H1N1 vaccine for comprehensive protection.

Understanding the Inactivated Intramuscular H1N1 Vaccine

The inactivated intramuscular H1N1 vaccine is a crucial tool in the fight against swine flu. But how does it work? This vaccine contains killed H1N1 virus particles that, when introduced into the body, stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus.

Is the inactivated vaccine safe for everyone? While generally safe, certain groups may need to consult their healthcare provider before receiving the vaccine. These include individuals with severe egg allergies, those who have had a severe reaction to flu vaccines in the past, and people with certain chronic health conditions.

The vaccine is typically administered as a single dose for adults and children 10 years and older. For children between 6 months and 9 years of age, two doses may be recommended, given at least 28 days apart, to ensure adequate immune response.

The Role of the Live Attenuated Intranasal H1N1 Vaccine

The Live Attenuated Intranasal Vaccine (LAIV) offers an alternative method of vaccination against H1N1. This nasal spray contains weakened live viruses that cannot cause the flu but can trigger an immune response.

Who should consider the LAIV? The nasal spray vaccine is approved for healthy individuals between 2 and 49 years of age. However, certain groups should not receive this form of the vaccine, including:

Pregnant women
People with certain long-term health conditions such as diabetes or asthma
Children younger than 2 years
Adults 50 years and older

For those who cannot receive the nasal spray vaccine, the inactivated H1N1 flu shot remains a safe and effective alternative.

Preventive Measures: Beyond Vaccination

While vaccination is the most effective way to prevent H1N1 infection, additional preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of contracting and spreading the virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend the following practices:

Practice proper cough etiquette: Cough into your sleeve or cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. Dispose of used tissues immediately.
Maintain hand hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are also effective.
Avoid touching your face: Refrain from touching your eyes, nose, or mouth, as these are entry points for the virus.
Maintain social distance: Stay at least 3-6 feet away from individuals who appear to be sick.
Self-isolate when ill: If you develop flu-like symptoms, stay home from work or school to prevent spreading the virus to others.

These simple yet effective measures can significantly reduce the transmission of H1N1 and other influenza viruses in the community.

High-Risk Groups and H1N1: Who Needs Extra Protection?

While H1N1 can affect anyone, certain groups are at higher risk of developing severe complications from the infection. These high-risk groups include:

Pregnant women
Children younger than 5 years, especially those under 2 years
Adults 65 years and older
Individuals with chronic health conditions such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, or weakened immune systems
Healthcare workers and caregivers of high-risk individuals

For these groups, vaccination is particularly crucial. They should also be vigilant about practicing preventive measures and seek medical attention promptly if they develop flu-like symptoms.

How can high-risk individuals protect themselves? In addition to vaccination and general preventive measures, high-risk individuals should:

Avoid crowds during peak flu season
Maintain a healthy lifestyle to boost immunity
Have a plan in place for quick access to medical care if needed
Consider antiviral medications if exposed to H1N1

Treatment Options for H1N1 Influenza

While prevention is key, treatment options are available for those who contract H1N1 influenza. The primary treatment approach involves antiviral medications, particularly neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza).

When should antiviral treatment begin? Ideally, antiviral treatment should start within 48 hours of symptom onset for maximum effectiveness. These medications can reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, as well as lower the risk of complications.

For most healthy individuals, H1N1 flu can be managed at home with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms. However, individuals in high-risk groups or those experiencing severe symptoms should seek medical attention promptly.

What are the warning signs that require immediate medical care? Look out for:

Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Persistent pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
Persistent dizziness, confusion, or inability to wake up
Seizures
Severe weakness or unsteadiness
Worsening of chronic medical conditions

The Global Impact of H1N1: Lessons from the 2009 Pandemic

The 2009 H1N1 pandemic significantly impacted global health systems and highlighted the importance of pandemic preparedness. It led to substantial changes in how we approach influenza surveillance, vaccine development, and public health response to emerging infectious diseases.

What lessons did we learn from the H1N1 pandemic? Key takeaways include:

The importance of early detection and rapid response to novel influenza strains
The need for flexible and scalable vaccine production capabilities
The critical role of clear, consistent public health communication
The value of international cooperation in pandemic response

These lessons have informed current pandemic preparedness strategies and have been crucial in shaping responses to subsequent public health threats, including the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ongoing Research and Future Perspectives

The scientific community continues to study H1N1 and other influenza viruses to improve our understanding and develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies. Current areas of research include:

Development of universal flu vaccines that could provide protection against multiple strains
Improving rapid diagnostic tests for influenza
Exploring new antiviral treatments and alternative delivery methods
Enhancing surveillance systems to detect emerging influenza strains earlier

These ongoing efforts aim to better prepare us for future influenza pandemics and reduce the global burden of seasonal flu.

As we continue to face the challenges posed by influenza viruses, including H1N1, it’s crucial to stay informed, follow public health guidelines, and prioritize vaccination and preventive measures. By working together and leveraging scientific advancements, we can build a more resilient global health system capable of responding effectively to influenza threats.

h2N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) – APIC

October 18-24, 2009 is International Infection Prevention Week (IIPW). IIPW is an annual event to raise awareness about the importance of infection prevention and what consumers can do to guard against infections. As h2N1 influenza continues to spread and more people become infected with the virus, APIC’s message for IIPW 2009 focuses on how consumers can stay healthy during this flu season.

Background on h2N1
The 2009 h2N1 influenza virus (previously called swine flu) is a new strain of influenza virus. It is very contagious and has spread to many areas of the United States and other countries resulting in a pandemic.

It is believed that the h2N1 flu spreads the same way that seasonal flu does. These viruses are transmitted mainly from person-to-person as a result of exposure to people who have flu like symptoms who are coughing and/or sneezing. People can also become infected by touching something that has flu virus on it and then touching their eyes, nose or mouth.

Symptoms of h2N1 flu are similar to regular seasonal flu and include: fever, cough, sore throat, sneezing, body aches, headaches, chills and fatigue. Some persons have also reported diarrhea and vomiting.

2009 h2N1 Influenza Vaccine
Getting vaccinated is the single best way to protect against influenza illness. h2N1 flu vaccines are now available. They are made the same way and by the same manufacturers as seasonal flu vaccine. This vaccine will not prevent influenza-like illnesses caused by other viruses; therefore, you must get both the seasonal influenza vaccine and the h2N1 influenza vaccine. To find out where to get seasonal or h2N1 vaccines, visit http://www.flu.gov/.

There are two kinds of 2009 h2N1 vaccines available:

2009 h2N1 flu shot (inactivated influenza shot) – This is just like the annual flu shot that is given with a needle; it has killed virus in it and is injected into the muscle. One form of the vaccine contains a preservative called thimerosal; another form is preservative free. For more information, visit the CDC’s website: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/downloads/vis-inact-h2n1.pdf
2009 h2N1 nasal spray flu vaccine (Live Attenuated Intranasal Vaccine — LAIV). This is a weakened virus in a vaccine that is sprayed into the nose. Certain groups may not get the nasal spray vaccine: pregnant women, people with certain long-term illnesses such as diabetes, asthma etc., children from 6 months to 2 years old, and adults 50 years or older. If you cannot get the nasal spray flu vaccine, you should get the h2N1 flu shot. For more information, please see: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/downloads/vis-laiv-h2n1.pdf and http://www.cdc.gov/h2n1flu/vaccination/nasalspray_qa.htm

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have identified ways to stay healthy and guard against the flu:

Cough into your sleeve or cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective and should be used frequently.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth. Germs spread that way.
Avoid close contact with sick people (stay 3-6 feet away).
If you get sick, stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them.

APIC reminds everyone: Do not visit patients in the hospital or any other healthcare facility if you think you may have the flu.

Resources:
www.cdc.gov/h2n1flu
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/en/index.html

h2N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention

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h2N1 swine flu shot in Moscow

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The world periodically faces waves of seasonal h2N1 type A influenza, the virus of which mutates slightly every year. However, the general human immunity against this disease has always helped people cope with it.

This time, apparently, the virus was subjected to a stronger mutation. Scientists suggest that the disease appeared in Mexico, in the body of pigs. Genetic material from animals, not familiar to the human body, was mixed with the usual set of h2N1 genes.

This modified version of the seasonal flu that is familiar to us was called “swine flu”, and for obvious reasons, aroused the close attention of scientists. As established, the virus continues to mutate, and can be transmitted from person to person.

This circumstance increases the risk of the disease and makes it extremely difficult to create a vaccine against it. The disease, like the common flu, begins with fever, cough, sore throat and muscles, chills and general weakness. Patients often have diarrhea, which is one of the characteristic signs of swine flu.

The only right decision in this case is to call a doctor at home. Self-medication with traditional methods can be fraught with complications and even death. The doctor will make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the necessary treatment. There is currently no specific treatment for swine flu. It is treated in the same way as traditional virus strains. Prevention of the disease is traditional. It is necessary to observe the rules of general hygiene, which is the most important, to minimize visits to crowded places, avoid contact with people who sneeze and cough.

As you know, influenza is transmitted by airborne droplets. For this reason, if you happen to care for the sick, do not forget to wear a gauze bandage. However, we should not forget that it does not guarantee complete protection. The longer the mask is worn, the lower its effectiveness.

And if she began to get wet from breathing, or does not fit snugly to her face, then she is generally useless. There is currently no vaccine for swine flu. Vaccinations, flu shots, against various strains of regular seasonal flu are ineffective, and their use is useless.

Vaccination of the population

Home
Citizens
Vaccination

Anyone can get the flu, but some groups of people are at a higher risk of developing a serious illness. WHO recommends vaccination:

elderly,
small children,
pregnant women,
people with certain health problems.

These groups are most at risk of developing severe complications from influenza. They should also be vaccinated0103 healthcare workers – both for their own protection and to reduce the risk of infection of patients vulnerable to the virus.

Why get vaccinated

This is the best tool we have at our disposal to prevent influenza and reduce the risk of serious complications and even death.

The effectiveness of the vaccine in different years may vary – it depends on the types of circulating virus and their compliance with the components of the vaccine. In addition, the effectiveness depends on the health and age of the person being vaccinated, as well as on the time that has elapsed since vaccination.

On average, the vaccine prevents about 60% of infections in healthy adults aged 18–64 years. The vaccine becomes effective in about 14 days.

How long does the vaccine last?

The entire epidemiological season.

Can a vaccine cause the flu?

The injection cannot cause the flu because it does not contain a live virus.

Is this vaccine generally safe?

The seasonal flu vaccine has been used for over 50 years. Millions of people receive the vaccine, and its safety has been tested by time.

Each year, national drug regulatory authorities scrutinize a new vaccine before it is licensed. Countries also have systems in place to monitor and investigate all cases of adverse events following influenza immunization.

Quadrivalent vaccine – what is it?

The quadrivalent (quadrivalent) influenza vaccine is designed to protect against four different types of influenza viruses:

two influenza A viruses;
two influenza viruses type B.

In the past, influenza vaccines protected against three different influenza viruses (trivalent vaccines). These included influenza virus type A (h2N1) , influenza virus type A (h4N2) .

Contraindications

The main contraindication for influenza vaccination is an allergic reaction to the components of the vaccine and the general somatic condition (fever and other symptoms of SARS).

Before vaccination, the patient must be examined by a doctor.

When you get the flu shot

It is best to get vaccinated before flu season starts. Influenza vaccination campaigns usually take place from September 1 to November 1, before the start of the seasonal circulation of the virus (if necessary, immunization is extended).

However, it’s never too late to get a vaccine – getting vaccinated makes you more likely not to get sick and reduces your risk of serious consequences from the flu.

Why is it necessary to vaccinate every winter?

Group viruses are constantly mutating, and different strains can circulate every year. In addition, immunity from vaccination weakens over time. The composition of seasonal influenza vaccines is updated each year to provide the greatest protection against viruses circulating at that time.

Where to get a flu shot in Sevastopol

Adults should contact the clinic at the place of attachment or mobile vaccination stations. Children are vaccinated in kindergartens and schools.

There are vaccination points in Sevastopol (you can sign up for each of them regardless of attachment):

(according to the work schedule of polyclinics)

Polyclinic No. 1 (Adm. Oktyabrsky St., 19)
Polyclinic No. 2 (Eroshenko St., 11)
Polyclinic No. 3 (B. Mikhailova st., 4)
Polyclinic No. 4 (at Suprun, 19 and Silaeva st., 3)
Polyclinic No. 5 (pl. Gennerich, 1, St. Budischeva, 9)
Outpatient clinic for general practice and family medicine (Shevchenko str., 3)
Polyclinic for the adult population (Levanevskogo str., 25)
Polyclinic Inkerman (st. Umrikhin, 16)
Polyclinic for adults (street Mira, 5)

Mobile vaccination stations

(7 days a week from 9:00 to 19:00)

Vaccination in mobile points is carried out on a first-come, first-served basis. You must have a passport, medical policy and SNILS with you.

Additional vaccination points

(according to the work schedules of feldsher-obstetric stations and rural outpatient clinics)

GBUZS “City Hospital No. 4”

medical outpatient clinic in Kacha;
medical outpatient clinic Verkhnesadovoe;
medical ambulance station Solnechny;
medical outpatient clinic Osipenko;
feldsher-obstetric station with. Cherry;
feldsher-obstetric station with. Andreevka;
feldsher-obstetric station with. Far;
feldsher-obstetric station with. rotary;
feldsher-obstetric station with. Front.

GBUZS “Sevastopol City Hospital No. 9”

medical outpatient clinic Eagle;
medical outpatient clinic Ternovka;
medical outpatient clinic p. Sugarloaf.

Sevastopol Tuberculosis Dispensary

Fiolentovskoe Highway 17, +7(8692) 41-78-97

Sevastopol city oncological dispensary. A.A. Zadorozhny

at st. Eroshenko, 13, (only for patients registered with a medical organization), +7(978) 254-50-08, +7(978) 254-50-63

A referral from a doctor is not required. To get vaccinated, it is enough to contact the reception of the clinic. No special preparatory procedures are required before vaccination.

FAQ

Can I be forced to get vaccinated (in kindergarten, at school, at work )?

No. Vaccination is voluntary.

Where do they get vaccinated?

Shoulder.

Can the vaccine be wetted?

Undesirable on the first day.

Can I get the flu and pneumococcal vaccine at the same time?

Yes, it is possible and even desirable.