What is urethral catheterization in females. How is it performed. What are the indications and contraindications. What complications can arise from the procedure. How can healthcare professionals ensure safe and effective catheter insertion.

Understanding Urethral Catheterization in Females

Urethral catheterization is a standard medical procedure used to access the urinary bladder in female patients. It involves passing a flexible catheter retrograde through the urethra into the bladder. This technique is widely used in various medical settings for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Types of Catheters

Several types of catheters are available for urethral catheterization in females. These may include:

• Foley catheters
• Straight catheters
• Coude catheters
• Intermittent catheters

The choice of catheter depends on the specific medical need and the patient’s anatomy.

Indications for Urethral Catheterization

Healthcare professionals may perform urethral catheterization for various reasons. The primary indications include:

1. Relief of acute or chronic urinary retention
2. Treatment of urinary incontinence
3. Monitoring of urine output
4. Measurement of postvoid residual urine volume
5. Collection of sterile urine for culture
6. Diagnostic studies of the lower genitourinary tract
7. Bladder irrigation or instillation of medication

Urinary Retention Management

Is urethral catheterization effective for managing urinary retention? Yes, it is particularly useful in cases of urethral obstruction (obstructive uropathy) or neurogenic bladder. By allowing urine to bypass the obstruction or dysfunctional bladder, catheterization can provide immediate relief and prevent complications associated with prolonged retention.

Contraindications and Precautions

While urethral catheterization is generally safe, there are certain situations where it may be contraindicated or require extra caution.

Absolute Contraindications

• Suspected urethral injury

Relative Contraindications

• History of urethral strictures
• Current urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Prior urethral reconstruction
• Recent urologic surgery
• History of difficult catheter placement

Can urethral catheterization be performed in patients with a history of urethral strictures? While not absolutely contraindicated, extra caution should be exercised in these cases. The procedure may be more challenging and carries a higher risk of complications. In such situations, alternative methods of bladder drainage or consultation with a urologist may be necessary.

The Procedure: Step-by-Step Guide

Performing urethral catheterization in females requires proper technique to ensure patient comfort and minimize the risk of complications. Here’s a general outline of the procedure:

1. Explain the procedure to the patient and obtain informed consent
2. Gather all necessary equipment and ensure a sterile field
3. Position the patient comfortably, typically in the supine position with knees flexed and apart
4. Cleanse the perineal area with an antiseptic solution
5. Identify the urethral meatus
6. Gently insert the lubricated catheter into the urethra
7. Advance the catheter until urine flow is observed
8. If using a Foley catheter, inflate the balloon with sterile water
9. Secure the catheter and connect it to a drainage bag if necessary

How can healthcare professionals ensure proper identification of the female urethral meatus? The urethral meatus in females is located below the clitoris and above the vaginal opening. Proper lighting and gentle retraction of the labia can help visualize the meatus. In some cases, asking the patient to cough may cause the meatus to “wink,” aiding in its identification.

Potential Complications and Their Management

While generally safe, urethral catheterization can lead to certain complications. These include:

• Urethral or bladder trauma with bleeding or microscopic hematuria
• Urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Catheter-associated discomfort or pain
• False passage creation
• Bladder spasms

Preventing and Managing UTIs

What steps can be taken to reduce the risk of catheter-associated UTIs? To minimize the risk of infection, healthcare providers should:

• Maintain strict aseptic technique during insertion
• Use the smallest catheter size that will adequately drain the bladder
• Remove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
• Ensure proper catheter care and maintenance if long-term use is required
• Encourage adequate hydration to promote regular bladder flushing

Special Considerations in Female Anatomy

Understanding female urogenital anatomy is crucial for successful catheterization. Key anatomical considerations include:

• The female urethra is shorter than the male urethra (approximately 4 cm vs. 20 cm)
• The urethral meatus is located within the vestibule, which can sometimes make visualization challenging
• Anatomical variations, such as urethral diverticula or prolapse, may affect the procedure

How does the shorter female urethra impact the catheterization process? The shorter urethra in females generally makes catheterization easier and less uncomfortable compared to males. However, it also means that bacteria have a shorter distance to travel to reach the bladder, potentially increasing the risk of UTIs.

Alternative Bladder Drainage Methods

In cases where urethral catheterization is contraindicated or unsuccessful, alternative methods of bladder drainage may be considered. These include:

Suprapubic Catheterization

Suprapubic catheterization involves inserting a catheter directly into the bladder through the abdominal wall. This method may be used when:

• The urethra is impassable due to stricture or injury
• There is a need for long-term catheterization
• Urethral catheterization is contraindicated

Intermittent Catheterization

Intermittent catheterization involves inserting and removing a catheter several times a day to empty the bladder. This method can be useful for patients with neurogenic bladder or those who require long-term bladder management but wish to avoid an indwelling catheter.

What are the advantages of intermittent catheterization over indwelling catheters? Intermittent catheterization can reduce the risk of catheter-associated UTIs, allow for greater patient independence, and minimize long-term complications associated with indwelling catheters.

Post-Procedure Care and Monitoring

After successful catheter insertion, proper care and monitoring are essential to prevent complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes. Key aspects of post-procedure care include:

• Ensuring proper catheter function and urine drainage
• Monitoring urine output and characteristics
• Maintaining perineal hygiene
• Educating the patient on catheter care (if applicable)
• Assessing for signs of infection or other complications

Catheter Removal

How is a urethral catheter safely removed? To remove a urethral catheter:

1. Explain the procedure to the patient
2. Deflate the balloon if using a Foley catheter
3. Gently withdraw the catheter, asking the patient to take a deep breath to relax
4. Monitor the patient’s ability to void spontaneously after removal
5. Assess for any signs of complications

In conclusion, urethral catheterization in females is a common and generally safe procedure when performed correctly. Healthcare professionals must be well-versed in the technique, indications, contraindications, and potential complications to ensure optimal patient care and outcomes. By following proper protocols and maintaining a patient-centered approach, the risks associated with catheterization can be minimized, and its therapeutic benefits can be maximized.

How To Do Urethral Catheterization in a Female – Genitourinary Disorders

By

Paul H. Chung

, MD, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University

Reviewed/Revised May 2023

View Patient Education

Topic Resources

Urethral catheterization is the standard method of accessing the urinary bladder. A flexible catheter is passed retrograde through the urethra into the bladder. Several types of catheters are available. If the urethra is impassable, suprapubic catheterization of the bladder will be necessary.

(See also Bladder Catheterization Bladder Catheterization Bladder catheterization is used to do the following: Obtain urine for examination Measure residual urine volume Relieve urinary retention or incontinence Deliver radiopaque contrast agents or. .. read more .)

• Relief of acute or chronic urinary retention, such as due to urethral obstruction (obstructive uropathy Obstructive Uropathy Obstructive uropathy is structural or functional hindrance of normal urine flow, sometimes leading to renal dysfunction (obstructive nephropathy). Symptoms, less likely in chronic obstruction… read more ) or neurogenic bladder Neurogenic Bladder Neurogenic bladder is bladder dysfunction (flaccid or spastic) caused by neurologic damage. Symptoms can include overflow incontinence, frequency, urgency, urge incontinence, and retention…. read more

• Treatment of urinary incontinence Urinary Incontinence in Adults Urinary incontinence is involuntary loss of urine; some experts consider it present only when a patient thinks it is a problem. The disorder is greatly underrecognized and underreported. Many… read more

• Monitoring of urine output

• Measurement of postvoid residual urine volume

• Collection of sterile urine for culture

• Diagnostic studies of the lower genitourinary tract Genitourinary Imaging Tests Imaging tests are often used to evaluate patients with renal and urologic disorders. Abdominal x-rays without radiopaque contrast agents may be done to check for positioning of ureteral stents… read more

• Bladder irrigation or instillation of medication

Absolute contraindications

Relative contraindications

• History of urethral strictures Urethral Stricture Urethral stricture is scarring that obstructs the anterior urethral lumen. Urethral stricture can be Congenital Acquired Anything that damages the urethral epithelium or corpus spongiosum can… read more

• Current urinary tract infection Introduction to Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be divided into upper tract infections, which involve the kidneys ( pyelonephritis), and lower tract infections, which involve the bladder ( cystitis), urethra… read more (UTI)

• Prior urethral reconstruction

• Suspected urethral injury Urethral Trauma Urethral injuries usually occur in men. Most major urethral injuries are due to blunt trauma. Penetrating urethral trauma is less common, occurring mainly as a result of gunshot wounds, or alternatively… read more *

• Recent urologic surgery

• History of difficult catheter placement

*Urethral injury may be suspected following blunt trauma if patients have blood at the urethral meatus (most important sign), inability to void, or perineal or labial ecchymosis, and/or edema. In such cases, urethral disruption should be ruled out with imaging (eg, by retrograde urethrography and sometimes also cystoscopy Cystoscopy Cystoscopy is insertion of a rigid or flexible fiberoptic instrument into the bladder. Indications include the following: Helping diagnose urologic disorders (eg, bladder tumors, calculi in… read more ) before doing urethral catheterization.

Complications include

• Urethral Urethral Trauma Urethral injuries usually occur in men. Most major urethral injuries are due to blunt trauma. Penetrating urethral trauma is less common, occurring mainly as a result of gunshot wounds, or alternatively… read more or bladder trauma Bladder Trauma External bladder injuries are caused by either blunt or penetrating trauma to the lower abdomen, pelvis, or perineum. Blunt trauma is the more common mechanism, usually by a sudden deceleration… read more with bleeding or microscopic hematuria (common)

• UTI Introduction to Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be divided into upper tract infections, which involve the kidneys ( pyelonephritis), and lower tract infections, which involve the bladder ( cystitis), urethra… read more (common)

• Creation of false passages

• Scarring and strictures

Prepackaged kits are typically used but the individual items needed include

• Sterile drapes and gloves

• Povidone iodine

• Applicator swabs, sterile gauze, or cotton balls

• Water-soluble lubricant

• Urethral catheter (size 16 French Foley catheter is appropriate for most adult women)*

• 10-mL syringe with water (for catheter balloon inflation)

• Sterile collection device with tubing

* A closed catheter system minimizes catheter-associated UTI Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections A catheter-associated urinary tract infection (UTI) is a UTI in which the positive culture was taken when an indwelling urinary catheter had been in place for > 2 calendar days. Patients… read more .

• Sterile technique is necessary to prevent a UTI Introduction to Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be divided into upper tract infections, which involve the kidneys ( pyelonephritis), and lower tract infections, which involve the bladder ( cystitis), urethra… read more .

• The female urethral meatus appears as an anterior-posterior slit located anterior to the vaginal opening and about 2.5 cm posterior to the glans clitoris. If the meatus recedes superiorly into the vagina, as can happen in older women, it can often be palpated in the midline as a soft mound surrounded by a firm ring of periurethral tissue.

• To expose the vulva, position the patient supine in either lithotomy or frog position (hips and knees partially flexed, heels on the bed, hips comfortably abducted).

• Place all equipment within easy reach on an uncontaminated sterile field on a bedside tray. You may put the box containing the catheter and the drainage system between the patient’s legs, so that it is easily accessible during the procedure.

• If not done already, attach the catheter to the collection system and do not break the seal unless a different type or size of catheter is required.

• Test the retention balloon for leaks by inflating it with water.

• Apply lubricant to the tip of the catheter.

• Saturate the applicator swabs, cotton balls or gauze with povidone iodine.

• Place the sterile fenestrated drape over the pelvis so that the vulva is exposed.

• Gently spread the labia and expose the urethral meatus, using your nondominant hand. This hand is now contaminated and must not be removed from the labia or touch any of the equipment during the rest of the procedure.

• Cleanse the area around the meatus with each cotton ball saturated in povidone iodine. Use a circular motion, beginning at the meatus and working your way outward. Discard or set aside the newly contaminated gauze or cotton balls.

• Hold the lubricated catheter and gently pass it through the urethra, using your free hand. Urine should flow freely into the collection tubing. If the catheter accidentally passes into the vagina, it should be discarded and a new catheter used.

• Inflate the balloon with the recommended volume of water, usually 10 mL. Resistance or pain may indicate that the balloon is in the urethra and not the bladder. If so, deflate the balloon, then insert it all the way before reinflation.

• Pull the balloon up snug against the bladder neck, after the balloon has been inflated, by slowly withdrawing the catheter until resistance is felt.

VIDEO

• Be sure to maintain strict sterile technique during the procedure to avoid urinary tract infection Introduction to Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be divided into upper tract infections, which involve the kidneys ( pyelonephritis), and lower tract infections, which involve the bladder ( cystitis), urethra. .. read more .

NOTE:


This is the Professional Version.


CONSUMERS:



View Consumer Version

Copyright © 2023 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Test your knowledge

Take a Quiz! 

21.11 Checklist for Foley Catheter Insertion (Female) – Nursing Skills

Open Resources for Nursing (Open RN)

Use the checklist below to review the steps for completion of “Foley Catheter Insertion (Female).”

Steps

Disclaimer: Always review and follow agency policy regarding this specific skill.

1. Gather supplies: peri-care supplies, clean gloves, Foley catheter kit, extra pair of sterile gloves, Velcro^TM catheter securement device to secure Foley catheter to leg, linen bag, wastebasket, and light source (i. e., goose neck lamp or flashlight).
2. Perform safety steps:
   • Perform hand hygiene.
   • Check the room for transmission-based precautions.
   • Introduce yourself, your role, the purpose of your visit, and an estimate of the time it will take.
   • Confirm patient ID using two patient identifiers (e.g., name and date of birth).
   • Explain the process to the patient.
   • Be organized and systematic.
   • Use appropriate listening and questioning skills.
   • Listen and attend to patient cues.
   • Ensure the patient’s privacy and dignity.
   • Assess ABCs.
3. Assess for latex/iodine allergies, GYN surgeries, joint limitations for positioning, and any history of previous difficulties with catheterization.
4. Prepare the area for the procedure:
   • Place hand sanitizer for use during/after procedure on the table near the bed.
   • Place the catheter kit and peri-care supplies on the over-the-bed table.
   • Secure the wastebasket and linen cart/bag near the bed for disposal.
   • Ensure adequate lighting. Enlist assistance for positioning if needed.
   • Raise the opposite side rail. Set the bed to a comfortable height.
5. Position the patient supine and drape the patient with a bath blanket, exposing only the necessary area for patient privacy.
6. Apply nonsterile gloves and perform peri-care.
7. Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene.
8. Create a sterile field on the over-the-bed table.
9. Open the outer package wrapping. Remove the sterile wrapped box with the paper label facing upward to avoid spilling contents and place it on the bedside table or, if possible, between the patient’s legs. Place the plastic package wrapping at the end of the bed or on the side of the bed near you, with the opening facing you or facing upwards for waste.
10. Open the kit to create and position a sterile field:
    • Open the first flap away from you.
    • Open the second flap toward you.
    • Open side flaps.
    • Only touch within the outer 1” edge to position the sterile field on the table.
11. Carefully remove the sterile drape from the kit. Touching only the outermost edges of the drape, unfold and place the touched side of drape closest to linen, under the patient. Vertically position the drape between the patient’s legs to allow space for the sterile box and sterile tray.
12. Wash your hands and apply sterile gloves.
13. OPTIONAL: Place the fenestrated drape over the patient’s perineal area with gloves on inside of the drape, away from the patient’s gown, with peri-area visible through the opening. Maintain sterility.
14. Empty the lubricant syringe or package into the plastic tray. Place the empty syringe/package on the sterile outer package.
15. Simulate application of iodine/antimicrobial cleanser to cotton balls.
16. Remove the sterile urine specimen container and cap and set them aside.
17. Remove the tray from the top of the box and place it on the sterile drape.
18. Carefully remove the plastic catheter covering, while keeping the catheter in the sterile box.  Attach the syringe filled with sterile water to the balloon port of the catheter; keep the catheter sterile.
19. Lubricate the tip of the catheter by dipping it in lubricant and place it in the box while maintaining sterility.
20. If preparing the kit on the bedside table, prepare to move the items to the patient. Place the plastic tray on top of the sterile box and carry as one unit to the sterile drape between the patient’s legs, taking care not to touch your gloves to the patient’s legs or bed linens.
21. Place the plastic top tray on the sterile drape nearest to the patient. An alternate option is to leave the plastic tray on top of the box until after cleaning is complete.
22. Tell the patient that you are going to clean the catheterization area and they will feel a cold sensation.
23. With your nondominant hand, gently spread the labia minora and visualize the urinary meatus. Your nondominant hand will now be nonsterile. This hand must remain in place throughout the procedure.
24. With your sterile dominant hand, use the forceps to pick up a cotton ball. Cleanse the periurethral mucosa with the saturated cotton ball. Discard the cotton ball after use into the plastic bag, not crossing the sterile field. Repeat for a total of three times using a new cotton ball each time. Discard the forceps in the plastic bag without touching the sterile gloved hand to the bag.
25. Pick up the catheter with your sterile dominant hand. Instruct the patient to take a deep breath and exhale or “bear down” as if to void, as you steadily insert the catheter maintaining sterility of the catheter until urine is noted.
26. Once urine is noted, continue inserting the catheter 1”-2”. Do not force the catheter.
27. With your dominant hand, inflate the retention balloon with the water-filled syringe to the level indicated on the balloon port of the catheter. With the plunger still pressed, remove the syringe and set it aside. Pull back on the catheter until resistance is met, confirming the balloon is in place.

    If the patient experiences pain during balloon inflation, deflate the balloon and insert the catheter farther into the bladder. If pain continues with the balloon inflation, remove the catheter and notify the patient’s provider.

28. Remove the sterile draping and supplies from the bed area and place them on the bedside table. Remove the bath blanket and reposition the patient.
29. Remove your gloves and perform hand hygiene.
30. Apply new gloves. Secure the catheter with securement device, allowing room as to not pull on the catheter.
31. Place the drainage bag below the level of the bladder, attaching it to the bed frame.
32. Perform peri-care as needed; assist the patient to a comfortable position.
33. Dispose of waste and used supplies.
34. Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene.
35. Assist the patient to a comfortable position, ask if they have any questions, and thank them for their time.
36. Ensure safety measures when leaving the room:
    • CALL LIGHT: Within reach
    • BED: Low and locked (in lowest position and brakes on)
    • SIDE RAILS: Secured
    • TABLE: Within reach
    • ROOM: Risk-free for falls (scan room and clear any obstacles)
37. Perform hand hygiene.
38. Document the procedure and related assessment findings. Report any concerns according to agency policy.

Foley catheter: structure, materials, price, size

Pomerantsev’s Foley catheter has a wide scope. Used to divert urine, treat the urinary system, prepare for surgery, diagnose diseases, stimulate labor. For urinary disorders, Foley catheters are installed if long-term catheterization is necessary. Depending on the material, they can be used up to 90 days.

Foley catheter materials:

Often there are questions about which Foley catheter is better and why they have such different prices. Pricing depends primarily on the material of the catheter. The material affects the duration of use of the catheter.

Latex catheters. Foley latex catheter has great flexibility, elasticity, strength. Modern latex contains the minimum amount of proteins that can cause allergies. The catheters are also coated with silicone. This minimizes the risk of allergies. Latex catheters are used for catheterization up to 7 days. Latex catheters are cheaper than silicone ones.

Silicone catheters. Silicone biocompatible resistant material. Silicone prevents the deposition of salts on the inner opening of the catheter. Therefore, silicone catheters are used for catheterization up to 30 days. They are more expensive than latex.

Silver Foley catheters. There are also silver coated silicone catheters that can be used for 30 to 90 days. Silver prevents the growth of bacteria, the occurrence of urinary tract infections. Due to the high cost of production, the price of such catheters is higher.

For example, Foley Urethral Catheters, Silver Plated Foley Dover™ Medtronic (Unomedical)

Foley Catheter Design:

Foley catheters are available in 2-way and 3-way.

Two way channel has two ports. One to divert urine, the other to inflate the balloon.

Three-way catheter with a third port for drug administration, sampling, etc.

Foley catheters for women, men and children.

Adult catheters are available in 40 cm lengths and are a universal choice. Sometimes they are divided into male and female.

Women’s Foley catheters are shorter than men’s. After all, the female urethra is shorter than the male.

Foley catheters for men are 40 cm long.

Foley catheters for children are thinner and shorter than adults. Sometimes they have additional design features for easier insertion into the child’s urethra.

Catheters are numbered according to the Charrier scale and the size is selected according to the table:

Table, Foley catheter dimensions:

Gender	Size	Connector color	Inner diameter	OD	Length	Tank size
Child	Ch 6	pink	1. 1 mm	2.0 mm	28 cm	3-5 ml
Child	Ch8	black	1.7 mm	2.7 mm	28 cm	3-5 ml
Child	Ch 10	gray	2.3 mm	3.3 mm	28 cm	3-5 ml
Male, Female	Ch 12	white	2.8 mm	4.0 mm	39-40 cm	30 ml
Male, Female	Ch 14	green	3.3 mm	4.7 mm	39-40 cm	30 ml
Male, Female	Ch 16	orange	3.8 mm	5.3 mm	39-40 cm	30 ml
Male, Female	Ch18	red	4.5 mm	6.0 mm	39-40 cm	30 ml
Male, Female	Ch20	yellow	5. 1 mm	6.7 mm	39-40 cm	30 ml
Male, Female	Ch 22	purple	5.6 mm	7.3 mm	39-40 cm	30 ml
Male, Female	Ch 24	blue	6.2 mm	8.0 mm	39-40 cm	30 ml
Male, Female	Ch 26	pink	6.9 mm	8.7 mm	39-40 cm	30 ml
Male	Ch 28	brown	7.5 mm	9.3 mm	39-40 cm	30 ml
Male	Ch 30	gray	8.0 mm	10.0 mm	39-40 cm	30 ml

When choosing a Foley catheter, they are guided by the following:

– the duration of catheterization, with catheterization for more than a week or with latex allergy, silicone catheters can be used, they can be used up to a month or silver catheters they are used up to 90 days.

– catheter size. The attending physician helps to determine the size.

The most famous manufacturers of Foley catheters in Russia:

Coloplast (Coloplast), Convatec (Konvatek), Vogt Medical (Vogt Medical), Apexmed (Apeksmed), Medtronic Medronik (Unomedical) Unomedical.

Where can I buy Foley catheters?

Foley catheters of well-known manufacturers can be bought in our specialized store mystoma.ru with delivery throughout Russia.

You can order Foley catheters in our online store or by phone, and we will carefully and quickly deliver the goods to you. In our store there is a free shipping promotion and a discount program, according to which you can purchase goods at a discount or on sale.

12/05/2018 12/07/2018 Mystoma

Foley Catheter

Sitemap

State Autonomous Professional

educational institution

Republic of Bashkortostan

Salavat Medical College

453261 Republic of Bashkortostan
Salavat, st. Furmanova, 4
Phone/fax: (3476)-38-78-83
e-mail: [email protected]

• College Information
  • Basic information
  • Structure and governing bodies of the college
  • Documents
  • Education
  • Educational standards and requirements
  • Manual. Teaching staff
  • Logistics and equipment of the educational process
  • Scholarships and other financial support
  • Paid educational services
  • Financial and economic activities
  • Number of students
  • Vacancies for reception (transfer)
  • Personal data processing
  • Anti-corruption
  • Legal framework for combating extremism and terrorism
  • Vacancies
  • Information security
  • Olympics
  • Mentoring
  • Available environment
  • International cooperation
  • Employment of graduates
• Applicant
  • Applicant
  • Control figures for the reception of citizens
  • Admission Rules
  • Local regulations
  • List of specialties
  • Document acceptance schedule
  • Terms of admission under contracts for the provision of paid educational services
  • Information on the need for applicants to undergo a mandatory preliminary medical examination (examination)
  • Exemplary Tests for Entrance Tests
  • Features of conducting entrance examinations for the disabled and persons with disabilities
  • Information about the possibility of filing documents by mail
  • Submission of documents by e-mail
  • List and deadlines for submission of documents
  • Information on the availability of a hostel and the number of places in hostels allocated for nonresident applicants
  • Enrollment Orders
  • Number of applications submitted
  • Filing and reviewing appeals
  • College Application
  • Citizens’ appeal on admission issues
  • Targeted training
  • Consent to the processing of personal data
  • Rating of applicants
• student
  • Fundamentals
  • Regulations
  • Culture and sports
  • Dormitory
  • Student Council
  • Life safety
  • Teaching materials
  • Graduate Accreditation
  • Page of educational psychologist
  • Student Union
  • Scholarship of the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan
• teacher
  • Reference information
  • Educational work
  • Additional education
  • Republican information and training pedagogical seminars
• Contacts
  • Hotline
  • Feedback
  • Contacts of controlling organizations

This page does not exist.