What are the best foods to increase glutathione levels? How can you boost your glutathione naturally. What supplements help raise glutathione.

The Importance of Glutathione

Glutathione is one of the body’s most important and potent antioxidants. Antioxidants are substances that reduce oxidative stress by combating free radicals in the body. While most antioxidants are found in the foods you eat, glutathione is produced by your body. It is primarily made up of three amino acids: glutamine, glycine and cysteine (1).

There are a number of reasons why your body’s glutathione level may become depleted, including poor diet, chronic disease, infection and constant stress. Glutathione is also known to decrease with age (1).

Maintaining adequate levels of this antioxidant is incredibly important. Below are 10 of the best ways to increase your glutathione levels naturally.

Consume Sulfur-Rich Foods

Sulfur is an important mineral that occurs naturally in some plant and protein foods. It’s required for the structure and activity of important proteins and enzymes in the body. Notably, sulfur is required for the synthesis of glutathione (2).

Sulfur is found in two amino acids in food: methionine and cysteine. It’s primarily derived from dietary proteins, such as beef, fish and poultry. However, there are vegetarian sources of sulfur as well, such as cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, watercress and mustard greens.

A number of human and animal studies have found that eating sulfur-rich vegetables may reduce oxidative stress by increasing glutathione levels (3, 4, 5). Allium vegetables, including garlic, shallots and onions, also boost glutathione levels — likely due to their sulfur-containing compounds (6, 7).

Increase Your Vitamin C Intake

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin found in a variety of foods, particularly fruits and vegetables. Strawberries, citrus fruits, papayas, kiwis and bell peppers are all examples of foods rich in vitamin C.

This vitamin has many functions, including working as an antioxidant to protect cells from oxidative damage. It also maintains the body’s supply of other antioxidants, including glutathione.

Researchers have discovered that vitamin C may help increase glutathione levels by attacking free radicals first, thereby sparing glutathione. They also found that vitamin C helps reprocess glutathione by converting oxidized glutathione back to its active form (8).

In fact, researchers have found that taking vitamin C supplements increased glutathione levels in white blood cells in healthy adults. In one study, adults took 500–1,000 mg of vitamin C daily for 13 weeks, leading to an 18% increase of glutathione in white blood cells (8). Another study showed that taking 500 mg of vitamin C supplements per day increased glutathione in red blood cells by 47% (9).

Add Selenium-Rich Foods to Your Diet

Selenium is an essential mineral and a glutathione cofactor, meaning it’s a substance needed for glutathione activity.

Some of the best sources of selenium are beef, chicken, fish, organ meats, cottage cheese, brown rice and Brazil nuts. By increasing your intake of selenium, you may help maintain or increase your body’s supply of glutathione.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for selenium for adults is 55 mcg. This is based on the amount needed to maximize the production of glutathione peroxidase (10).

One study investigated the effects of selenium supplements in 45 adults with chronic kidney disease. All of them received 200 mcg of selenium daily for three months. Interestingly, all of their glutathione peroxidase levels increased significantly (11). Another study showed that taking selenium supplements increased glutathione peroxidase levels in patients on hemodialysis (12).

Eat More Whey Protein

Whey protein is a high-quality protein that contains all the essential amino acids, including cysteine, which is a crucial component of glutathione.

Whey protein has been shown to increase glutathione levels in both healthy individuals and those with certain health conditions.

One study found that giving whey protein supplements to older adults for 12 weeks increased their glutathione levels by 42% (13). Another study showed that people with HIV who took whey protein supplements had a 48% increase in glutathione levels (14).

For best results, choose a high-quality whey protein powder and consume it regularly as part of a balanced diet.

Take N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Supplements

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a supplement that provides the amino acid cysteine, which is a building block of glutathione.

NAC has been extensively studied for its ability to increase glutathione levels. In fact, it’s one of the most effective supplements for boosting glutathione.

One review of 52 studies found that NAC supplementation increased glutathione levels in both healthy people and those with certain health conditions (15).

Another study showed that taking 600 mg of NAC twice daily for two weeks increased glutathione levels by 35% in healthy adults (16).

NAC supplements are generally considered safe, but it’s a good idea to discuss them with your healthcare provider, especially if you have any underlying health conditions.

Eat More Gamma-Glutamylcysteine-Rich Foods

Gamma-glutamylcysteine is a precursor to glutathione, meaning it’s a compound that the body can use to make glutathione.

Foods that are particularly rich in gamma-glutamylcysteine include:

• Broccoli
• Kale
• Cauliflower
• Brussels sprouts
• Cabbage

One study found that eating 400 grams of broccoli per day for 10 days increased participants’ glutathione levels by 30% (17).

Another study showed that supplementing with a concentrated broccoli extract increased glutathione levels in adults with prediabetes (18).

Incorporating more of these gamma-glutamylcysteine-rich foods into your diet may help boost your glutathione levels.

Exercise Regularly

Engaging in regular physical activity has been shown to increase glutathione levels in both healthy individuals and those with certain health conditions.

One study found that just a single bout of exercise increased glutathione levels in healthy adults (19). Another study showed that 12 weeks of moderate exercise training increased glutathione levels in older adults (20).

The exact mechanism by which exercise increases glutathione is not fully understood, but it’s thought to be related to the increased production of free radicals during exercise, which then triggers the body to produce more glutathione to combat the oxidative stress.

Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week for optimal health benefits.

Manage Stress

Chronic stress can deplete your body’s glutathione stores. Fortunately, there are several effective stress management techniques that may help boost your glutathione levels.

One study found that practicing mindfulness meditation for eight weeks increased glutathione levels in adults with major depressive disorder (21).

Another study showed that yoga and deep breathing exercises increased glutathione levels in healthy adults (22).

Additionally, getting enough sleep, practicing relaxation techniques, and engaging in other stress-reducing activities may help maintain healthy glutathione levels.

Avoid Toxins and Pollutants

Exposure to toxins and pollutants can deplete your body’s glutathione stores. Therefore, it’s important to minimize your exposure to these substances as much as possible.

Some ways to do this include:

• Avoiding cigarette smoke
• Limiting your use of household chemicals and cleaning products
• Choosing organic foods whenever possible
• Filtering your drinking water
• Reducing your exposure to air pollution

By reducing your exposure to toxins and pollutants, you can help support your body’s natural glutathione production and maintain healthy levels of this important antioxidant.

Try Milk Thistle

Milk thistle is a flowering plant that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to support liver health. It contains a compound called silymarin, which has been shown to increase glutathione levels.

One study found that taking 420 mg of milk thistle extract daily for four weeks increased glutathione levels by 35% in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (23).

Another study showed that milk thistle supplementation increased glutathione levels in people with type 2 diabetes (24).

While more research is needed, adding milk thistle to your supplement regimen may be a helpful way to boost your glutathione levels, especially if you have a health condition that depletes glutathione.

In conclusion, there are many natural ways to increase your glutathione levels, including consuming sulfur-rich foods, increasing your intake of vitamin C and selenium, eating more whey protein and gamma-glutamylcysteine-rich foods, exercising regularly, managing stress, avoiding toxins, and trying milk thistle supplements. By incorporating these strategies into your lifestyle, you can help ensure your body has the glutathione it needs to function at its best.

10 Natural Ways to Increase Your Glutathione Levels

Your body produces the glutathione it needs, but sometimes your levels may run low. You can consume it naturally from foods like kale or garlic. Here are 10 different ways to boost your glutathione levels.

Glutathione is one of the body’s most important and potent antioxidants. Antioxidants are substances that reduce oxidative stress by combating free radicals in the body.

While most antioxidants are found in the foods you eat, glutathione is produced by your body. It is primarily made up of three amino acids: glutamine, glycine and cysteine (1).

There are a number of reasons why your body’s glutathione level may become depleted, including poor diet, chronic disease, infection and constant stress.

Glutathione is also known to decrease with age (1).

Maintaining adequate levels of this antioxidant is incredibly important. Below are 10 of the best ways to increase your glutathione levels naturally.

1. Consume Sulfur-Rich Foods

Sulfur is an important mineral that occurs naturally in some plant and protein foods.

It’s required for the structure and activity of important proteins and enzymes in the body. Notably, sulfur is required for the synthesis of glutathione (2).

Sulfur is found in two amino acids in food: methionine and cysteine. It’s primarily derived from dietary proteins, such as beef, fish and poultry.

However, there are vegetarian sources of sulfur as well, such as cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, watercress and mustard greens.

A number of human and animal studies have found that eating sulfur-rich vegetables may reduce oxidative stress by increasing glutathione levels (3, 4, 5).

Allium vegetables, including garlic, shallots and onions, also boost glutathione levels — likely due to their sulfur-containing compounds (6, 7).

Summary

Sulfur is important for producing glutathione. Therefore, make sure you’re eating sulfur-rich proteins such as beef, fish and poultry, as well as allium and cruciferous vegetables.

2. Increase Your Vitamin C Intake

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin found in a variety of foods, particularly fruits and vegetables.

Strawberries, citrus fruits, papayas, kiwis and bell peppers are all examples of foods rich in vitamin C.

This vitamin has many functions, including working as an antioxidant to protect cells from oxidative damage. It also maintains the body’s supply of other antioxidants, including glutathione.

Researchers have discovered that vitamin C may help increase glutathione levels by attacking free radicals first, thereby sparing glutathione.

They also found that vitamin C helps reprocess glutathione by converting oxidized glutathione back to its active form (8).

In fact, researchers have found that taking vitamin C supplements increased glutathione levels in white blood cells in healthy adults.

In one study, adults took 500–1,000 mg of vitamin C daily for 13 weeks, leading to an 18% increase of glutathione in white blood cells (8).

Another study showed that taking 500 mg of vitamin C supplements per day increased glutathione in red blood cells by 47% (9).

However, these studies involved vitamin C supplements. Given that supplements are concentrated versions of the vitamin, it’s unclear if foods would have the same effect.

Further research is needed to determine if you can increase glutathione levels by eating foods containing vitamin C.

Summary

Vitamin C plays a vital role in maintaining glutathione levels. For this reason, taking vitamin C supplements may help increase glutathione levels in your body.

3. Add Selenium-Rich Foods to Your Diet

Selenium is an essential mineral and a glutathione cofactor, meaning it’s a substance needed for glutathione activity.

Some of the best sources of selenium are beef, chicken, fish, organ meats, cottage cheese, brown rice and Brazil nuts.

By increasing your intake of selenium, you may help maintain or increase your body’s supply of glutathione.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for selenium for adults is 55 mcg. This is based on the amount needed to maximize the production of glutathione peroxidase (10).

One study investigated the effects of selenium supplements in 45 adults with chronic kidney disease. All of them received 200 mcg of selenium daily for three months.

Interestingly, all of their glutathione peroxidase levels increased significantly (11).

Another study showed that taking selenium supplements increased glutathione peroxidase levels in patients on hemodialysis (12).

Again, the above studies involved supplements, rather than selenium-rich foods.

Additionally, it’s important to note that the tolerable upper intake level (UL) is set at 400 mcg per day. Due to possible toxicity, be sure to discuss selenium supplements and dosage with your healthcare provider.

For most healthy adults, eating a balanced diet with selenium-rich foods will ensure adequate levels of selenium — and, therefore, healthy glutathione levels.

Summary

Selenium is a cofactor for the production of glutathione. Fish, organ meats, and Brazil nuts are all selenium-rich foods that may help increase your levels naturally.

4. Eat Foods Naturally Rich in Glutathione

The human body produces glutathione, but there are also dietary sources. Spinach, avocados, asparagus and okra are some of the richest dietary sources (13).

However, dietary glutathione is poorly absorbed by the human body. Additionally, cooking and storage conditions can decrease the amount of glutathione found in food.

Despite having a lower impact on increasing glutathione levels, glutathione-rich foods may help decrease oxidative stress.

For example, a non-experimental study showed that people who consumed the most glutathione-rich foods had a lower risk of developing mouth cancer (14).

Ultimately, further research is warranted to fully understand the effect of glutathione-rich foods on oxidative stress and glutathione levels.

Summary

Dietary glutathione is not fully absorbed by the body. However, including foods naturally high in glutathione, like avocados, spinach, and okra, may help decrease oxidative stress.

5. Supplement With Whey Protein

Your body’s production of glutathione depends on certain amino acids.

An amino acid called cysteine is a particularly important amino acid that is involved in glutathione synthesis.

Foods rich in cysteine, such as whey protein, may increase your glutathione supply (15).

In fact, research strongly supports this claim, as many studies have found that whey protein may increase levels of glutathione and, therefore, reduce oxidative stress (16, 17, 18, 19).

Summary

Whey protein is a good source of cysteine, which helps maintain adequate glutathione production. Therefore, whey protein may help increase your levels.

6. Consider Milk Thistle

Milk thistle supplements are another way to boost glutathione levels naturally.

This herbal supplement is extracted from the milk thistle plant, known as Silybum marianum.

Milk thistle is comprised of three active compounds, collectively known as silymarin. Silymarin is found in high concentrations in milk thistle extract and is well known for its antioxidant properties (20).

Furthermore, silymarin has been shown to increase glutathione levels and prevent depletion in both test-tube and rodent studies (21, 22).

Researchers believe that silymarin is able to maintain glutathione levels by preventing cell damage (23).

Summary

The active ingredient in milk thistle extract is called silymarin. Milk thistle supplements may cause an increase in glutathione levels, likely attributed to silymarin.

7. Try Turmeric Extract

Turmeric is a vibrant yellow-orange herb and a popular spice in Indian cuisine.

The herb has been used medicinally in India since ancient times. The medicinal properties of turmeric are likely linked to its main component, curcumin (24).

The curcumin content is much more concentrated in the extract form of turmeric, compared to the spice.

Numerous animal and test-tube studies have shown that turmeric and curcumin extract have the ability to increase glutathione levels (25, 26, 27, 28).

Researchers conclude that the curcumin found in turmeric may assist in restoring adequate levels of glutathione and improve the activity of glutathione enzymes.

To experience an increase in glutathione levels, you would need to take turmeric extract, as it would be extremely difficult to consume the same levels of curcumin with turmeric spice.

Summary

Curcumin, an important ingredient in turmeric, may increase glutathione levels. Although flavoring your food with turmeric can be tasty, you need the more concentrated forms of curcumin found in turmeric extract to increase your levels.

8. Get Enough Sleep

A good night’s rest is essential for overall health. Interestingly, long-term lack of sleep can cause oxidative stress and even hormone imbalances (29).

Furthermore, research has shown that chronic lack of sleep may decrease glutathione levels.

For example, a study measuring glutathione levels in 30 healthy people and 30 people with insomnia found that glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in those with insomnia (30).

Multiple animal studies have also shown that sleep deprivation causes a decrease in glutathione levels (31, 32, 33).

Therefore, making sure you get good, restorative sleep each night may help maintain or boost your levels of this antioxidant.

Summary

Chronic lack of sleep can cause a decrease in glutathione levels. Conversely, getting enough sleep on a regular basis can help increase or maintain your levels.

9. Exercise Regularly

Regular physical activity has long been recommended by physicians and healthcare providers. It’s no surprise that exercise is good for both your physical and mental health.

Recent research shows that exercise is also helpful in maintaining or increasing antioxidant levels, especially glutathione.

Completing a combination of both cardio and circuit weight training increases glutathione the most, compared to completing cardio or weight training alone (34).

However, athletes who overtrain without maintaining adequate nutrition and rest may be at risk of decreased glutathione production (35).

Therefore, be sure to incorporate physical activity into your regular routine in a gradual and sensible way.

Summary

Regular physical activity, specifically cardio and weight training, may help increase glutathione levels. However, overtraining without a balanced diet and proper rest can deplete your levels.

10. Avoid Drinking Too Much Alcohol

It’s no surprise that many adverse health effects are associated with chronic and excessive alcohol intake.

Alcoholism is commonly associated with ailments such as liver cirrhosis, brain damage and pancreatitis.

While not as well known, lung damage is also an adverse effect of alcoholism. This is likely related to a depletion of glutathione levels in the lungs.

The small airways of the lungs require glutathione to function properly. In fact, healthy lungs have up to 1,000 times more glutathione than other parts of the body (36).

Depletion of glutathione in the lungs of alcoholics is most likely due to oxidative stress caused by chronic alcohol use (37).

Research has identified an 80–90% decrease in lung glutathione levels in those who regularly consume excessive amounts of alcohol (38).

Thus, limiting your alcohol intake may help you maintain healthy glutathione levels.

Summary

Alcoholism decreases glutathione levels throughout the body, especially in the lungs. People who regularly consume excessive amounts of alcohol can have an 80–90% decrease in lung glutathione.

The Bottom Line

Glutathione is an important antioxidant that is primarily made by the body, but is also found in dietary sources.

Unfortunately, your levels of this antioxidant can be depleted due to many factors, such as aging, a poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle.

Luckily, you can maintain appropriate glutathione levels by increasing your physical activity, avoiding drinking too much alcohol, getting enough sleep and eating a balanced diet.

Taking milk thistle, turmeric or whey protein supplements may also help boost your levels.

At the end of the day, there are many simple and natural ways you can increase your levels of this important and potent antioxidant.

The 7 Best Glutathione Foods

Grub packed with the “master antioxidant” can help supercharge your immune system.

• By
  Sydney Bueckert, NASM CPT, CES, FNS, GPT

• Expert Review by Imashi Fernando, MD, RD

• June 6, 2023

When you feel a cold coming on, there’s one immunity-boosting vitamin you always reach for: vitamin C. And yes, vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that fights inflammation and keeps your body healthy, so keep pouring OJ when you get the sniffles. But it’s certainly not the only antioxidant that can ward off unwanted sickness. Glutathione—your body’s master antioxidant and maestro of the immune system—is your first line of defense against oxidative stress.

Longevity doctor Mark Hyman, M.D. touts glutathione as the secret to preventing age-related diseases like cancer, heart disease, and dementia (1). It acts as an antioxidant, working to counteract free radicals and minimize oxidative stress, which can harm your body’s cells.

Your body produces its own glutathione, but according to Imashi Fernando, M.S., R.D., poor diet, pollution, toxins, medications, stress, aging, and infections can deplete your glutathione levels. Signs you might have low glutathione levels include low quality sleep, persistent brain fog, low immunity, and fatigue. 

How to get more glutathione? You can eat your way to higher glutathione levels, per Fernando. Here’s how. 

Glutathione at a Glance

• Glutathione is your body’s master antioxidant and has been touted as an immune system booster, anti-aging powerhouse, and cancer preventer. 
• Glutathione is naturally synthesized in your body from major amino acids. 
• As we age, we lack key amino acids needed to build glutathione, and can suffer from glutathione deficiency. 

Why Not Just Eat Glutathione Rich Foods? 

To get more glutathione you could eat more glutathione-rich foods, like cucumber, avocado, spinach, green beans, asparagus, and okra. However, per Fernando, raw glutathione is poorly absorbed by the human body because it’s often broken down by the digestive system before it can be absorbed.

Instead, focusing on eating glutathione precursors (like amino acids: cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid), cofactors (like selenium and vitamin C), and other healthy, whole foods which give your body the energy and components it needs to synthesize glutathione may be more impactful (1). What foods are those exactly? Glad you asked. 

Foods That Increase Glutathione

Here, the glutathione-supporting foods to scribble on your shopping list. 

1. Brassica vegetables

High in vitamins C and K, fiber, and beta-carotene, crunchy brassica vegetables (also known as cruciferous vegetables) are spiked with sulforaphane, a sulfur-rich compound, that studies have shown can increase glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes (2).

Brassica vegetables include brussels sprouts, kale, cauliflower, bok choy, and cabbage. Other sulfur-rich plants include allium vegetables like garlic, onions, and shallots, as well as fiber-packed beans and legumes.

Stir-fries, salads, soups, taco toppings, crispy snacks, and roasted side dishes are just a few of the many ways Fernando recommends sneaking these veggies into your weekly routine. However you choose to serve them up, consider eating them raw or mildly steamed, as one study suggests this can preserve the integrity of sulfur compounds (3).

EAT BETTER

2. Vitamin C foods

If you needed another reason to eat more vitamin C, here it is. Vitamin C, works as an antioxidant to protect your cells from oxidative damage while maintaining the body’s supply of other antioxidants, including glutathione.

One study found that vitamin C plays an important role in restoring depleted glutathione levels (4). In turn, glutathione might increase recycling of vitamin C, enhancing it’s protective effect on oxidative stress (5). 

Seek out vitamin C-loaded strawberries, citrus fruits, papayas, kiwis, or bell peppers next time you’re on the hunt for a boost of glutathione. Even better, whip up a vitamin C smoothie packed with strawberries, oranges, kiwis, and a banana for your daily dose of potassium.

3. Polyphenol-rich foods

Polyphenols are a category of compounds naturally found in plant foods—such as fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices (for example, turmeric and curcumin), tea, dark chocolate, wine, and anti-aging coffee—that act as antioxidants, and have been linked to a decreased risk for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and coronary artery disease (6). Polyphenols also associated with an increase in glutathione levels.

One study uncovered that drinking both conventional and organic grape juice led to significantly increased glutathione, and overall antioxidant activity when compared with water (7). Another found that weight lifters who consumed pomegranate juice before two Olympic weightlifting sessions experienced a 6.8 percent increase in blood glutathione peroxidase (8).

Fernando advises choosing whole fruit over fruit juice to take advantage of the high fiber content in fruit. If juice is your only option, she recommends limiting added sugars, and drinking no more than two cups a day.

4. Whey protein

Your favorite post-workout recovery drink may have benefits beyond helping you build muscle. Since precursors of glutathione are amino acids, whey protein may influence the amino acid pool your body can draw from to synthesize glutathione.

For instance, a study published in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry found that overweight individuals affected with diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose who consumed 40 grams of whey protein a day saw an increase in glutathione peroxidase (9).  

Another found after completing an intense resistance training workout, young men who supplemented with whey protein saw significant increases in glutathione peroxidase in comparison to a placebo group (10).

Plus, whey protein is a quick and easy way to help your muscles recover and repair faster. Win-win.

More Protein

5. Selenium-rich foods

Add selenium to the ever-growing list of antioxidants that aren’t just immunity champions, but give glutathione a helping hand. Selenium is a glutathione cofactor. In other words, selenium helps glutathione do it’s thing.

Eating a balanced diet including selenium-rich foods will ensure healthy levels of both. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for men is 55 micrograms a day. It’s also worth noting that excess selenium can lead to increased oxidative stress rather than relieve it, so consume no more than 400 micrograms of selenium per day.

To get more, load your plate with beef, lean chicken, fish, organ meats, brown rice, brazil nuts, and cottage cheese.

6. Omega-3 fatty acids

Thanks to their anti-inflammatory properties, mighty omega-3s may help glutathione play defense against inflammation and oxidative stress. 

One study found that Parkinson’s patients who took 1000mg of omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil along with 400IU of vitamin E for 12 weeks saw an increase in blood glutathione concentrations and an overall decrease in inflammatory markers (11).

Fatty fish, flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts are just a few of the ways to get more  omega-3’s in your diet. Fernando champions at least two servings of fatty fish a week, adding flax and chia seeds to your smoothies or oatmeal, and snacking on walnuts in the afternoon.

HEALTHY FATS

7. Milk thistle

Milk thistle supplements are another simple way to boost glutathione naturally; and, according to Hyman, has long been used to treat liver disease (12).

Milk thistle is comprised of three active compounds, collectively known as silymarin—which is well known for its antioxidant properties—what researchers believe supports glutathione by preventing cell damage. 

Health Benefits of Glutathione

Glutathione has gained buzz in recent years for its ability to keep you healthy in the short term while fighting against chronic diseases. Here, the other benefits you can expect from eating more: 

• Reduces oxidative stress/inflammation
• Supports the brain
• Improves skin
• Supports immune system
• Improves liver health
• Boosts strength and physical performance
• May extend lifespan

MORE GLUTATHIONE

Other Ways to Increase Levels of Glutathione

Get enough sleep

Add glutathione to your list of reasons to catch some z’s. One study measuring levels of glutathione in 30 healthy people and 30 people with insomnia found that glutathione peroxidase was significantly lower in people with insomnia (13). Seek to improve your sleep hygiene to protect your glutathione levels.

Exercise regularly

If you’re looking for a swell of motivation to get you off the couch, physical activity isn’t only good for your physical and mental well-being. According to one study, moderate exercise may increase glutathione levels (14).

Another study suggests a combination of strength and cardio increases glutathione the most in comparison to cardio and strength training alone (15). So, hit the gym and get a good variety of activities throughout the week.

Smoke and drink in moderation

Interestingly, the small airways of your lungs require glutathione to function properly. Healthy lungs have up to 1,000 times more glutathione than other parts of the body.

One study linked chronic alcohol consumption to linked to an 80-90 percent decrease in lung glutathione levels (16). Another suggests that a combination of smoking and alcohol can decrease glutathione activity (17). If you do smoke or enjoy indulging a sip of whiskey, keep it to a minimum to bolster your glutathione.

Get injections

Glutathione is naturally synthesized in your body from major amino acids cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid. However, as we age, studies show we lack cysteine and glycine—two key building blocks of glutathione (18). “This could help explain why older adults are more likely to experience glutathione deficiencies,” says Fernando.

She notes that smokers, older adults, people with chronic health conditions like diabetes, or people with weakened immune systems may benefit from glutathione supplementation.

Supplementation comes in many forms, but “intravenous, sublingual, and liposomal forms of glutathione are more effective because they are more protected from the digestive system,” notes Fernando.

Glutathione injections bypass the digestive system and are safe, and widely available. Before getting a jab, you’ll need to get a prescription from your doctor. The typical dose varies from person to person, so work with your doctor to find the right amount for you.

Are You Ready to Meet the Master (Antioxidant)?

Glutathione is the first line of defense against oxidative stress, processing toxins out of our body, neutralizing free radicals, increasing cellular function, and promoting cellular turnover. Now available through Hone.

The Bottom Line

• Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that is your body’s first line of defense against oxidative stress.
• You can increase glutathione through eating glutathione foods, but since it’s poor absorbed glutathione-supporting foods may be a better bet.
• You can also boost glutathione by getting good sleep, exercising regularly, minimizing smoking and drinking, or getting injections.

References

1.

Minich, D. et al (2019). A Review of Dietary (Phyto) Nutrients for Glutathione Support. 

2. Sedlak, T. et al (2018). Sulforaphane Augments Glutathione and Influences Brain Metabolites in Human Subjects: A Clinical Pilot. 

3. Kramer, S. et al (2017). Sulforaphane Formation and Bioaccessibility Are More Affected By Steaming Time Than Meal Composition During In Vitro Digestion of Broccoli.

4. Park, S. et al (2018). Vitamin C in Cancer: A Metabolomics Perspective.

5. Martins, M. et al (2021). Vitamin C Decreases Reduced Glutathione in Chronic Haemodyalisis Patients: a Pilot, Randomised, Double-Blind Trial.

6. Behl, T. et al (2020). Pleotropic Effects of Polyphenols in Cardiovascular System. 

7. Toaldo, I. et al (2016) Acute Consumption of Oranig and Conventional Tropical Grape Juices (Vitis Labrusca L.) Increases Antioxidants in Plasma and Erythrocytes, but Not Glucose and Uric Acid Levels, In Healthy Individuals. 

8. Ammar, A.

et al (2017) Effects of Pomegranate Juice on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Following Weightlifting Exercise. 

9. Flaim, C. et al (2017). Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation on Oxidative Stress, Body Composition and Glucose Metabolism Among Overweight People Affected by Diabetes Mellitus or Impaired Fasting Glucose: A Pilot Study 

10.Behboudi, L. et al (2019). The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation After Eccentric Resistance Exercise on Glutathione Peroxidase and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Non-Trained Young Men. 

11. Taghizadeh, M. et al (2017). The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin E Co-Supplementation on Clinical and Metabolic Status in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. 

12. Abenavoli, L. et al (2010). Milk Thistle is Liver Diseases: Past, Present, Future.

13. Gulec, A. et al (2012). Oxidative Stress in Patients With Primary Insomnia. 

14. Berry, S (2020). Changes in Glutathione System in Response to Exercise Training are Sex-Dependent in Humans.

15. Elokda, A. et al (2007). Effects of Exercise Training on the Glutathione Antioxidant System. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17925621/

16. Joshi, P. et al (2007) The Alcoholic Lung: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapies. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17220370/

17. Ramgir, S et al (2014) Impact of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Oxidative Status in Male Infertility and Sperm Quality. 

18. Sekhar, R. et al (2011). Deficiency Synthesis of Glutathione Underlies Oxidative Stress in Aging and Can Be Corrected by Dietary Cysteine and Glycine Supplementation. 

LIVE LONGER

Want to Be a Kick-Ass 100-Year-Old? Steal Peter Attia’s Workout Routine, Stat

By Sydney Bueckert, NASM CPT, CES, FNS, GPT

Where is glutathione found? Main food sources