What are the most prevalent foot diseases affecting humans. How do arthritis, cancer, and Charcot foot impact foot health. What are the symptoms, types, and treatment options for these conditions.

Understanding Arthritis: A Common Foot Ailment

Arthritis is a widespread condition affecting the feet, characterized by inflammation and swelling of the cartilage and joint linings. This debilitating disease impacts nearly 40 million Americans, with those over 50 being particularly susceptible. However, it can affect individuals of all ages, from infancy to middle age.

Why are feet especially vulnerable to arthritis? Each foot contains 33 joints, all of which can be affected by this condition. The constant weight-bearing load on the feet exacerbates the pain and discomfort associated with arthritis.

Recognizing Arthritis Symptoms in the Foot and Ankle

• Early morning stiffness
• Limited joint motion
• Recurring pain or tenderness in joints
• Redness or heat in affected areas
• Skin changes, including rashes and growths
• Swelling in one or more joints

How does arthritis impact mobility? Arthritic feet can significantly reduce a person’s mobility and independence. However, early diagnosis and appropriate medical care can help limit or slow the progression of the disease.

Common Forms of Arthritis Affecting the Feet

Osteoarthritis, often referred to as degenerative joint disease or wear-and-tear arthritis, is the most prevalent form. It typically results from aging and cartilage breakdown, leading to progressively severe pain. Characteristic symptoms include dull, throbbing nighttime pain, often accompanied by muscle weakness or deterioration.

Rheumatoid arthritis, on the other hand, is a more serious and complex form of the disease. It’s a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect multiple smaller joints simultaneously. In the foot, it frequently targets both ankles and toes.

Treatment Options for Foot and Ankle Arthritis

1. Physical therapy and targeted exercises
2. Anti-inflammatory medication and/or steroid injections into affected joints
3. Custom orthotics or specially prescribed footwear

Can arthritis be prevented? While not all cases of arthritis can be prevented, maintaining a healthy weight and engaging in low-impact exercises can help reduce the risk and severity of symptoms, particularly in osteoarthritis cases.

Exploring Foot Cancers: Types, Symptoms, and Treatments

Foot cancers, though less common than other foot ailments, can manifest in various forms. Some appear as cysts and lesions, while others are more widespread. Understanding these different types is crucial for early detection and treatment.

Malignant Melanoma: A Serious Skin Cancer

Malignant melanoma, although accounting for only 1% of skin cancers, is responsible for over 60% of skin cancer deaths. Approximately 30% of melanomas occur in the lower extremities, with 3% specifically affecting the feet.

How can malignant melanoma be detected early? Regular self-examinations of the feet, including the soles and between the toes, can help identify suspicious moles or lesions. Any changes in size, shape, or color of existing moles should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Benign Tumors of the Foot

Osteochondromas are benign bone tumors that typically develop under the toenail. They are most common in children and young adults, accounting for about half of all benign bone tumors in the foot. While generally not very painful, they can cause toenail deformities and, in some cases, ingrown toenails.

Plantar fibromas are benign tissue tumors that grow on the bottom surface of the foot, specifically within the plantar fascia. Unlike plantar warts that grow on the skin, these tumors develop deep inside the foot’s connective tissue.

What treatment options are available for plantar fibromas? Non-surgical approaches, such as orthotics, are often the first line of treatment. However, if conservative measures fail to provide adequate relief, surgical removal may be considered.

Giant cell tumors, another type of benign growth, typically affect the tendon sheath. These firm, irregular masses can be found on the toes, top of the foot, or sides of the foot, and are often painful.

Charcot Foot: A Serious Complication of Neuropathy

Charcot Foot is a unique form of arthritis that often develops suddenly and without pain. This condition is characterized by spontaneous fracturing and fragmentation of bones in the foot and/or ankle, often resulting in severe deformity.

Understanding the Progression of Charcot Foot

The average age of onset for Charcot Foot is 40 years, with approximately one-third of patients developing the condition in both feet and/or ankles. As the disease progresses, the arch of the foot may collapse, leading to pressure areas on the bottom of the foot and potentially causing open sores or ulcers.

What are the risk factors for developing Charcot Foot? The condition is most commonly associated with diabetic neuropathy, but it can also occur in individuals with other forms of nerve damage. People with a history of diabetes, especially those with poor blood sugar control, are at higher risk.

Treatment Approaches for Charcot Foot

Non-surgical treatments for Charcot Foot include:

• Elevation and icing of the affected foot
• Use of casts or braces to immobilize the joint
• Custom shoes or orthotics to redistribute pressure

When is surgery necessary for Charcot Foot? Surgical intervention may be required in cases of chronic deformity with increased plantar pressures and risk of ulcers, or when there is significant instability in the affected joint. Surgical procedures may involve correcting fractures, removing bone fragments, or fusing unstable joints.

Preventive Measures and Foot Health Maintenance

Maintaining good foot health is crucial in preventing and managing various foot diseases. Regular foot care practices can significantly reduce the risk of developing serious conditions and improve overall quality of life.

Daily Foot Care Routine

1. Wash feet daily with warm water and mild soap
2. Dry thoroughly, especially between toes
3. Apply moisturizer to prevent dry, cracked skin
4. Trim toenails straight across to prevent ingrown nails
5. Inspect feet daily for any changes or abnormalities

How often should one have a professional foot examination? For individuals with diabetes or other conditions that affect foot health, regular check-ups with a podiatrist are recommended at least once a year, or more frequently if advised by a healthcare provider.

Footwear Considerations

Choosing appropriate footwear is essential for maintaining foot health and preventing various foot conditions. Consider the following factors when selecting shoes:

• Proper fit with adequate toe room
• Good arch support
• Breathable materials
• Shock-absorbing soles
• Low, stable heels

Should different types of shoes be worn for various activities? Yes, it’s important to wear activity-specific shoes. For example, running shoes for jogging, supportive sandals for casual wear, and sturdy work boots for jobs requiring foot protection.

The Role of Nutrition in Foot Health

Proper nutrition plays a significant role in maintaining overall foot health and preventing various foot diseases. A balanced diet rich in essential nutrients can support bone strength, promote healing, and reduce inflammation.

Key Nutrients for Foot Health

• Calcium and Vitamin D for bone strength
• Omega-3 fatty acids for reducing inflammation
• Vitamin C for collagen production and wound healing
• Protein for tissue repair and muscle strength
• Zinc for immune function and wound healing

How does hydration affect foot health? Adequate hydration is crucial for maintaining proper circulation in the feet and preventing swelling. It also helps keep the skin supple, reducing the risk of cracks and fissures that can lead to infections.

Dietary Considerations for Specific Foot Conditions

For individuals with gout, a form of arthritis that often affects the big toe, dietary modifications can help manage symptoms. These may include:

1. Limiting high-purine foods such as red meat and organ meats
2. Reducing alcohol consumption, especially beer
3. Increasing intake of cherries and low-fat dairy products
4. Maintaining adequate hydration

Can dietary changes help manage diabetic neuropathy? While dietary changes alone cannot cure diabetic neuropathy, maintaining stable blood sugar levels through a balanced diet can help prevent further nerve damage and reduce symptoms. This typically involves limiting simple carbohydrates and focusing on whole grains, lean proteins, and plenty of vegetables.

Emerging Treatments and Research in Foot Disease Management

The field of podiatry is constantly evolving, with new treatments and technologies emerging to better manage and treat foot diseases. Staying informed about these advancements can provide hope and new options for individuals struggling with chronic foot conditions.

Innovative Therapies for Arthritis

Recent developments in arthritis treatment include:

• Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy
• Stem cell treatments
• Advanced biologics
• Minimally invasive surgical techniques

How do these new treatments differ from traditional approaches? These innovative therapies aim to stimulate the body’s natural healing processes, potentially offering longer-lasting relief with fewer side effects compared to traditional medications or invasive surgeries.

Advancements in Diabetic Foot Care

For individuals with diabetes, new technologies are improving foot care and reducing the risk of complications:

1. Smart socks that detect temperature changes and potential ulcers
2. Advanced wound dressings that promote faster healing
3. 3D-printed custom orthotics for better pressure distribution
4. Telemedicine platforms for remote foot monitoring

What impact can these technologies have on diabetic foot care? These advancements can lead to earlier detection of potential problems, more effective treatment of existing issues, and ultimately, a reduction in serious complications such as amputations.

Future Directions in Foot Disease Research

Ongoing research in foot disease management is focusing on several promising areas:

• Gene therapy for inherited foot disorders
• Nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery
• Artificial intelligence for early disease detection
• Bioengineered tissues for foot reconstruction

How might these research areas transform foot disease treatment in the future? These cutting-edge approaches have the potential to offer more personalized, effective treatments with fewer side effects, potentially revolutionizing the management of chronic foot conditions.

The Importance of Mental Health in Chronic Foot Disease Management

Living with chronic foot diseases can have a significant impact on an individual’s mental health. The pain, reduced mobility, and lifestyle changes associated with these conditions can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression. Addressing these psychological aspects is crucial for comprehensive foot disease management.

Psychological Impact of Chronic Foot Conditions

Common mental health challenges faced by individuals with chronic foot diseases include:

• Feelings of frustration and helplessness
• Social isolation due to reduced mobility
• Anxiety about disease progression or complications
• Depression related to chronic pain and lifestyle limitations
• Body image issues, especially with visible foot deformities

How does mental health affect the management of foot diseases? Poor mental health can negatively impact a person’s ability to adhere to treatment plans, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and cope with the challenges of their condition. Conversely, good mental health can improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.

Strategies for Promoting Mental Well-being

To support mental health while managing chronic foot diseases, consider the following approaches:

1. Seeking support from mental health professionals
2. Joining support groups for individuals with similar conditions
3. Practicing stress-reduction techniques such as meditation or yoga
4. Engaging in adaptive physical activities to maintain an active lifestyle
5. Setting realistic goals and celebrating small victories in disease management

Can mindfulness practices help in managing chronic foot pain? Yes, mindfulness techniques can be effective in reducing pain perception, managing stress, and improving overall well-being for individuals with chronic foot conditions. Regular practice of mindfulness meditation or body scan exercises can help develop a more accepting and less reactive relationship with pain and discomfort.

Integrating Mental Health Care into Foot Disease Treatment

A holistic approach to foot disease management should include:

• Regular mental health screenings as part of foot care check-ups
• Collaboration between podiatrists and mental health professionals
• Patient education on the mind-body connection in chronic disease management
• Access to psychological support services as part of comprehensive care

How can healthcare providers better address the mental health aspects of foot diseases? By recognizing the interconnectedness of physical and mental health, providers can offer more comprehensive care. This may involve incorporating mental health assessments into routine foot examinations, providing referrals to mental health professionals when needed, and offering resources for stress management and coping strategies.

Diseases of the Foot – Arthritis, Gout, Charcot Foot, & More

Arthritis

Arthritis is an inflammation and swelling of the cartilage and lining of the joints, generally accompanied by an increase in the fluid in the joints. Arthritis is a disabling and occasionally crippling disease afflicting almost 40 million Americans. In some forms, it appears to be hereditary. Although the prevalence of arthritis increases with age, all people from infancy to middle age are potential victims. People over 50 are the primary targets.

If the feet seem more susceptible to arthritis than other parts of the body, it is because each foot has 33 joints that can be afflicted, and there is no way to avoid the pain of the tremendous weight-bearing load on the feet. Arthritic feet can result in loss of mobility and independence. However, early diagnosis and proper medical care can limit or slow the damage.

Symptoms of arthritis in the foot and ankle include:

• Early morning stiffness.
• Limitation in motion of joint.
• Recurring pain or tenderness in any joint.
• Redness or heat in a joint.
• Skin changes, including rashes and growths.
• Swelling in one or more joints.

Forms of Arthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It is frequently called degenerative joint disease or wear and tear arthritis. Aging usually brings on a breakdown in cartilage, and pain gets progressively more severe. Dull, throbbing nighttime pain is characteristic, and may be accompanied by muscle weakness or deterioration. Many of these symptoms can be relieved with rest. Overweight people are particularly susceptible to osteoarthritis. The additional weight contributes to the deterioration of cartilage and the development of bone spurs.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a major crippling disorder and the most serious form of arthritis. It is a complex, chronic inflammatory group of diseases, often affecting more than a dozen smaller joints during its course. In the foot, it frequently affects both ankles and toes.

Arthritis of the foot and ankle can be treated in many ways, including:

• Physical therapy and exercise.
• Anti-inflammatory medication and/or steroid injections into the affected joint. Note: Please consult your physician before taking any medications.
• Orthotics or specially prescribed shoes.

Cancer

There are many kinds of cancers of the foot. Some take the form of cysts and lesions, while others are more widespread.

Malignant melanoma is a skin cancer that is curable if caught early. Although it makes up only one percent of skin cancers, malignant melanoma accounts for over 60 percent of skin cancer deaths. It is estimated that approximately 30 percent of melanomas occur in the lower extremities, and that 3 percent occur in the feet.

Neoplastic disorders, usually called tumors, are the result of abnormal growth of tissue. Both benign or malignant tumors occur in the foot.

Osteochondromas are benign bone tumors under the toenail. Osteochondromas account for about half of all benign bone tumors in the foot, occurring mostly in children and young adults. Unless they cause irritation to the surrounding tissue, they are generally not very painful. Sometimes, they can deform the toenail and cause an ingrown toenail. In rare cases, they are removed surgically.

A plantar fibroma is a benign tissue tumor or growth on the plantar, or bottom surface of the foot. Unlike plantar warts, which grow on the skin, these grow deep inside on a thick fibrous band called the plantar fascia. There are a number of nonsurgical measures for treating plantar fibromas, such as orthotics. When these conservative measures fail to provide adequate relief of symptoms, surgical removal is a reasonable option.

Giant cell tumors are benign tumors of the tendon sheath. These masses are generally found on the toes, top of the foot, or sides of the foot. They can also occur deep inside the foot. They are firm irregular masses that are typically painful.

Charcot Foot

Charcot Foot is a form of arthritis that often develops suddenly and without pain. Without any warning, the bones in the foot and/or ankle spontaneously fracture and fragment, often causing a severe deformity. The arch of the foot often collapses, and pressure areas develop on the bottom of the foot, leading to open sores or ulcers.

The average age of patients developing a Charcot Foot is 40 years. About one-third of patients develop a Charcot Foot in both feet and/or ankles.

Although nonsurgical treatments, such as elevation, icing, casts, and braces, can help alleviate pain and resolve open sores or ulcers, many of these deformities may require surgery to correct the fracture or remove bone fragments. This usually occurs in cases characterized by:

• Chronic deformity with increased plantar pressures and risk of ulcers.
• Chronic deformity with significant instability that cannot be corrected by braces.
• Significant deformity that may include ulcers that do not heal or respond to therapy.

Freiberg’s Disease

Freiberg’s Disease usually begins as a pain in the ball of a child’s foot. Its onset is often linked to an injury to the growth plate of one of the long bones behind the toes, called metatarsals. The loss of blood flow to the growth plate causes pain. Freiberg’s Disease is most frequently seen in adolescents between the ages of 13 and 15. It is three times as likely to occur in females than in males.

Treatment for Freiberg’s Disease consists of reducing pressure under the affected bone. This may require the use of crutches and/or prescription of a custom orthotic.

Gout

Gout (also known as gouty arthritis) is a condition caused by a buildup of the salts of uric acid (a normal byproduct of the diet) in the joints. A single big toe joint is the most commonly affected area, possibly because it is subject to so much pressure in walking. Attacks of gouty arthritis are extremely painful. Men are more likely to be afflicted than women. Diets heavy in red meat, rich sauces, shellfish, and brandy have been linked to gout. However, other protein compounds in foods, such as lentils and beans, may play a role.

The main symptom of gout is waking up in the middle of the night with an acute throbbing pain in the big toe, which is swollen. The pain lasts for around three or four hours and then subsides. However, pain in the same toe usually returns within a few months.

Gout can be controlled by with prescription medications and diet. Note: Please consult with your physician before taking any medications. The application of ice or cooling lotions helps alleviate pain and swelling during an acute phase. In some cases, specially-made shoes are prescribed to relieve the pain associated with gout.

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Kaposi’s Sarcoma is a cancerous lesion that can occur on the soles of the feet. The disease is usually associated with HIV infection and/or AIDS. The lesion is irregular in shape and has a purplish, reddish, or bluish-black appearance. Kaposi’s Sarcoma lesions tend to spread and form large plaques or become nodular. The nodular lesions have a firm, rubbery appearance.

Maffucci’s Syndrome

Maffucci’s Syndrome is a very rare form of enchondromatosis that combines multiple enchondromas in bones anywhere in the body with benign soft tissue tumors (known as hemangiomas), which are associated with blood vessels. This condition tends to appear in the hands and feet and has a greater tendency toward malignant transformation than Ollier’s Disease.

Some form of injury or trauma to the toe results in the formation of this bony irregularity or prominence.

Maffucci’s Syndrome only requires treatment in cases where the tumors are aggressive and begin destroying bone tissue. In these cases, surgical removal is recommended.

Raynaud’s Disease

Raynaud’s Disease is a disorder that affects the hands and feet. It is caused by contraction of the smooth muscles controlling the small arteries supplying circulation into the hands and feet. This contraction, called a vasospasm, makes the arteries so small that they restrict blood flow. Exposure to cold temperature can often bring on a vasospasm.

Raynaud’s Disease has no known cause and is most common in young women. Staying warm and exercising regularly to maintain healthy blood circulation throughout the body can help offset the disease.

Sever’s Disease

Pain in the heel of a child’s foot, typically brought on by some form of injury or trauma, is sometimes Sever’s Disease. The disease often mimics Achilles tendonitis, an inflammation of the tendon attached to the back of the heel.

A tight Achilles tendon may contribute to Sever’s Disease by pulling excessively on the growth plate of the heel bone. This condition is most common in younger children and is frequently seen in the active soccer, football or baseball player.

Sports shoes with cleats are also known to aggravate the condition.

Treatment includes calf muscle stretching exercises, heel cushions in the shoes, and/or anti-inflammatory medications. Consult your physician before taking any medications.

10 Common Foot Disorders

Your feet are made up of 26 bones, 33 joints, 107 ligaments, and 19 muscles and tendons. They get you from one place to another, but they also take a lot of daily abuse.

On average, a person will walk roughly 100,000 miles in their lifetime, according to the American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA).

Whether you’re walking, running, or jumping, your feet are constantly subjected to risk of damage or injury. With such a complex system of tissues and the amount of weight we place on our feet every day, it’s no surprise that nearly everyone will experience a foot problem at some point in their lifetime.

Feet come in all shapes and sizes, and there are a wide variety of foot-related conditions you may experience:

1. Athlete’s foot
2. Blisters
3. Bunions
4. Plantar fasciitis
5. Gout
6. Ingrown toenails
7. Corns and calluses
8. Stone bruises
9. Morton’s neuroma
10. Diabetic neuropathy

Below we’ll highlight these 10 common foot conditions, as well as their causes, symptoms, and treatments.

The following are some of the most common foot conditions:

1. Athlete’s foot

Athlete’s foot is a highly contagious fungal infection that thrives in warm and damp areas. You can get athlete’s foot by exposing your feet to the fungus or contaminated surfaces.

Causes of athlete’s foot include exposure to:

• Gyms
• Communal showers
• Pools
• Walking around barefoot
• Wearing shoes that are warm and/or damp
• Wearing socks or shoes worn by someone with the fungus

Symptoms of athlete’s foot include:

• Itching
• Stinging
• Burning
• Cracking
• Peeling skin
• Foot blisters

Treatments for athlete’s foot:

Because athlete’s foot is contagious, it can be challenging to treat. There are plenty of over-the-counter antifungal sprays, powders, or lotions available at your local drugstore or pharmacy which can help manage the symptoms.

If your athlete’s foot persists or gets worse, you may need to see a podiatrist to get a prescription for an antifungal medication.

2. Blisters

Blisters are common and occur when raised, fluid-filled pockets appear on the skin. This condition is generally not serious and can be taken care of at home.

Causes of blisters include:

• Walking
• Running
• Sweaty feet
• Ill-fitting shoes
• Frostbite
• Allergic reaction
• Herpes
• Dyshidrotic eczema

Symptoms of blisters include:

• Fluid-filled pockets of skin
• Pain in the affected area

Treatments for blisters:

It is not advised to pop blisters. Rather, you should let them heal on their own.

If you’re experiencing a lot of discomfort, you may consider applying a bandage for relief. If you have to drain your blister, do so with proper sterile equipment and do not “de-roof” (remove) the skin while draining. Next, apply an antibiotic ointment and a bandage to protect your blister while it heals. 

If you’re having trouble with persistent blisters or you get blisters along with flu-like symptoms, speak with a podiatrist.

3. Bunions

Bunions occur when a large bump develops on the big toe joint causing the toe to turn inward.

Causes of bunions include:

• Wearing tight and/or narrow shoes
• Family history
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Polio

Symptoms of bunions include:

• A visible bump on the side of the big toe
• Tenderness around the big toe
• Difficulty moving the big toe
• Pain in the big toe when walking or running

Treatments for bunions include:

• Wearing properly fitting shoes
• Using a bunion pad

If symptoms persist, schedule an appointment with a podiatrist to discuss whether surgery is the best option for you.

4. Plantar fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis occurs when the plantar fascia (on the bottom of the foot) becomes inflamed and causes heel pain.

Causes of plantar fasciitis include:

• Obesity
• High foot arch
• Tight calf muscles
• Repetitive activities that cause stress to the heel such as running

Symptoms of plantar fasciitis:

The primary symptom of plantar fasciitis is pain in the heel or the bottom of the foot. This pain usually worsens throughout the day making it difficult to walk.

Treatments for plantar fasciitis include:

• Resting your feet
• Taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil), aspirin (Bayer), or naproxen (Aleve)
• Stretching your feet throughout the day

If the pain does not subside, visit a podiatrist to see if physical therapy is needed. A podiatrist may also recommend using steroid injections or custom-made orthotics to provide support and help reduce inflammation.

5. Gout

Gout is a foot condition that primarily affects your big toe due to a build up of uric acid within the body.

Causes of gout include:

• Blood disorders
• Metabolism disorders
• Kidney disorders
• Thyroid disorders
• Drinking too much alcohol
• Smoking
• Certain foods such as red meat, salt, and shellfish
• Dehydration
• Certain medications such as diuretics
• Obesity

Symptoms of gout include:

• Pain in the big toe
• Intense pain in your joint
• Swelling of your big toe

Treatments for gout include:

• Lifestyle changes such as losing weight or quitting smoking
• Dietary changes such as reducing consumption of red meats, sodium, and shellfish
• Taking NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or naproxen
• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Medications to reduce or eliminate uric acid

If none of these treatment options help alleviate your symptoms, visit a podiatrist to discuss other ways to address gout.

6. Ingrown toenails

Ingrown toenails occur when the nail grows into the nail groove (grooved lines which run on the sides of your nails). This condition can cause pain and discomfort when walking.

Causes of ingrown toenails include:

• Ill-fitting shoes
• Trauma to the nail
• Family history of ingrown toenails

Symptoms of ingrown toenails include:

• Pain
• Redness
• Swelling at the nail groove

Treatments for ingrown toenails:

You can prevent and alleviate ingrown nails by keeping your feet clean and dry, and wearing shoes that fit properly.

If your nail becomes infected or the pain does not subside, visit a podiatrist to discuss other treatment options such as antibiotics (to clear up an infection) or removing the nail.

7. Corns and calluses

Corns are small, thick, round sections of your skin that are usually located on your toes or the bottom of your foot.

Calluses are rough patches of skin on your foot, and they are usually found on the heel or ball of the foot.

The difference between the two is that calluses are bigger than corns and are typically yellow in color. While different in appearance, corns and calluses have similar causes and symptoms.

Causes of corns and calluses include:

• Bunions
• Ill-fitting shoes
• Not wearing shoes
• Hammer toe
• Bony feet

Symptoms of corns and calluses:

Corns and calluses are generally painless, however, they may cause pain if left untreated.

Treatments for corns and calluses:

Corns can be treated with corn plasters. The plaster helps relieve pressure on the corn allowing it to heal.

Treat calluses by soaking your feet in warm water for 20 minutes. You can then gently rub the calluses away.

8. Stone bruises

Stone bruises, also known as metatarsalgia, are a painful foot condition that causes inflammation in the ball of your foot.

Causes of stone bruises include:

• Ill-fitting shoes
• Wearing high heels
• Foot abnormalities
• Gait abnormalities
• Obesity
• Arthritis
• Gout
• Stress fracture

Symptoms of stone bruises include:

• Pain when standing, running, and/or walking
• Pain while participating in sports activities
• Feeling like you’re walking on a pebble
• Sharp pain in the ball of your foot
• Numbness in your toes

Treatments for stone bruises include:

• Resting or elevating your feet
• Icing your feet
• Taking NSAIDs (ibuprofen, aspirin, or naproxen)
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Avoid wearing ill-fitting shoes or high heels

If your pain doesn’t go away, discuss the issue with a podiatrist who may recommend visiting a physical therapist for strengthening exercises. If you’re not finding relief from any of the above, discuss realignment surgery with your provider.

9. Morton’s neuroma

Morton’s neuroma affects the ball of your foot and occurs when the tissues that surround your nerves thicken or become compressed. You may not realize you have this condition, as it’s not always painful.

Causes of Morton’s neuroma include:

• Wearing shoes that are too tight
• Wearing high heels
• High arches
• Flat feet
• Bunions
• Foot injury
• Repetitive sports activities such as running, tennis, ballet, or skiing

Symptoms of Morton’s neuroma include:

• Pain in the ball of your foot
• Feeling like you’re standing on a marble
• Numbness in your toes

Treatments for Morton’s neuroma include:

• Physical therapy
• Stretching exercises for your feet and ankles
• Elevating and resting your foot
• Applying ice to the ball of your foot
• Massaging the ball of your foot

If the pain doesn’t go away, a podiatrist may recommend corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory injections, or surgery. If left untreated, Morton’s neuroma can cause permanent nerve damage.

10. Diabetic neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathy is a group of foot conditions caused by diabetes.

Diabetics are more likely to have fluctuations in their blood sugar and are thus more prone to foot-related issues.

Causes of diabetic neuropathy:

The main cause of diabetic neuropathy is damage to the nerves in the feet, but injuries or lifestyle factors such as smoking can also contribute to diabetic neuropathy.

Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy include:

• Numbness
• Tingling
• Pain in the feet
• Loss of sensitivity in feet
• Burning sensation in feet
• Problems walking

Treatments for diabetic neuropathy:

The best way to treat diabetic neuropathy is to maintain healthy blood sugar levels. Other treatments include exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and taking medications prescribed by a podiatrist.

How can a podiatrist keep you on your feet?

According to APMA, only 25% of Americans who have experienced foot ailments have seen a physician about their problem, and less than half that amount have visited a podiatrist.

Podiatrists are essential to helping keep your feet healthy. If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, schedule a consultation with a podiatrist at one of our Twin Cities clinics.

We’ll help get you back on your feet and living pain-free!

types, symptoms and treatment – tdstandart

Foot diseases occur in both adults and children. As a result, movement is accompanied by discomfort, and sometimes becomes impossible. For the prevention and treatment of pathologies of the lower extremities, orthopedic insoles and shoes are used. They provide an even distribution of loads when walking, improve blood circulation and perform a number of other useful functions.

Consider the most common diseases of the human foot. Having information about the symptoms, you will definitely not miss the alarm bells and prevent the progression of pathologies.

Atherosclerosis of the vessels of the legs

The development of the disease leads to a violation of lipid metabolism, followed by thickening of the walls of the arteries. At the initial stages, the pathology practically does not manifest itself in any way, but over time, muscle pains appear, intermittent claudication, and ulcers on the skin appear. In the treatment of atherosclerosis, anticoagulants and vasodilators are used. If drug therapy is ineffective, an operation is prescribed.

Bursitis of the thumb

As a result of the pathology, the synovial bursa becomes inflamed and a bump appears on the thumb. The main symptoms of this disease of the foot include swelling and flushing of the skin in the area of ​​the deformed joint. Walking causes pain, especially when wearing tight shoes. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, corticosteroids help in the treatment of bursitis.

Calluses and calluses

Thickening of the surface layers of the skin appears due to wearing uncomfortable shoes. Calluses also occur against the background of various diseases of the musculoskeletal system of the legs, for example, flat feet. Sometimes seals cause pain when moving. In the treatment of corns, special patches and moisturizers are used.

Hammer fingers

The pathology is manifested by deformation of the second, third and fourth fingers. This disease of the joints of the feet occurs as a result of wearing improperly selected shoes, with hereditary predisposition, diabetes, arthritis. Finger injuries also lead to its appearance. Orthopedic shoes and insoles are used to correct deformities. With the ineffectiveness of conservative methods, an operation is performed.

Heel spur

The presence of the disease is evidenced by the formation of a pointed growth on the heel. Visually, it resembles the claw of a rooster. The main symptom of a heel spur is sharp pain on movement, which leads to a change in gait. In the fight against this disease of the bones of the feet, drug, shock wave, and X-ray therapy are used. To alleviate pain symptoms, wearing orthopedic shoes are prescribed, which ensures the correct distribution of loads when walking.

Ingrown nail

The problem occurs due to wearing uncomfortable shoes, injury to the nail plates, and improper cutting of nails. The development of this disease of the toes is evidenced by the appearance of swelling, discomfort when pressing on the inflamed area. There may be wounds with subsequent infection. In the treatment of an ingrown nail, baths, ointments, antibiotics are used. In difficult cases, surgical intervention is possible.

Neuroma

Pathology is manifested by the growth of fibrous tissue in the area of ​​the plantar nerve. Most often, the neuroma is located between the 3rd and 4th fingers. It occurs as a result of foot injuries, with regular wearing of shoes with heels, standing work, obesity. Education leads to the appearance of pain in the foot during movement. There may be numbness in the fingers. Unpleasant sensations are aggravated by wearing tight shoes. Conservative and surgical methods are used to treat the disease.

Plantar wart

The growth may appear anywhere on the foot. In most cases, it is localized on the balls of the fingers or heels. The plantar wart causes itching, bleeds when damaged. It has a deep root, so it cannot be removed on its own. This must be done by a doctor.

Mycoses

Fungal infections cause itching in the area of ​​interdigital folds, soles, dorsal surfaces of the feet. Sometimes cracks appear on the skin. Most often, infection with mycosis occurs when visiting saunas, baths, swimming pools, gyms. In the treatment of the disease, antifungal and antihistamine drugs are used. In the event of a bacterial infection, antibiotic therapy is prescribed.

Diagnosis

Seek medical attention if you have symptoms of foot problems. Treatment of foot diseases can only be carried out after a correct diagnosis has been made. This may require a number of examinations, for example, radiography, computer diagnostics, plantography. In the Trade House “Standard” in Krasnodar you can get a free consultation with an orthopedist, as well as purchase shoes and insoles for the prevention and control of foot diseases.

Diseases of the foot. The most popular foot diseases

Valgus deformity of the feet

Such a problem as valgus deformity of the feet is not only an external defect, but also a serious pathology that causes a lot of inconvenience and pain. With this disease, an X-shaped curvature of the ankle joints and feet occurs with a change in the support of the heel to its inner edge. The presence of deformation is indicated by a significant distance between the heels in a pose with legs brought together.

Valgus deformity is a curvature of the axis of the foot with the descent of the middle section of the foot, turning the heel outward and lowering its edges. Pathology is a consequence of congenital or acquired dysfunction, shape or size of individual bones, ligaments or muscles, which affects all other parts of the foot. This violates the ratio of anatomical formations, which leads to a redistribution of the load. The situation is aggravated by the development of flat feet, due to which the bones of the foot are displaced in relation to each other, forming a hallux valgus deformity.

Usually the disease occurs in childhood due to congenital connective tissue dysplasia. Also, the cause may be osteoporosis, rickets, poliomyelitis, trauma, spasticity, paresis, paralysis, intrauterine developmental disorders of the limbs, posture disorders, endocrine diseases, or overweight of the child. In adults, the development of pathology can be the result of injuries, paralysis or flat feet, especially after a sharp weight gain.

Valgus deformity causes pain in the legs after walking and static loads, especially when wearing uncomfortable shoes. Tension or pain in the muscles of the legs and gait disturbance may join these symptoms. The fight against the disease in the initial stages includes wearing orthopedic shoes, special gymnastics, massages, physiotherapy, the use of therapeutic mud, ozocerite and paraffin. With severe deformity, surgical correction is performed.

If hallux valgus is suspected, you should seek specialist help as soon as possible in order to avoid complications of the disease and surgery.

Hyperkeratosis of the feet

Roughening of the skin of the feet is a pathology that is considered a cosmetic defect, despite its rather unpleasant consequences. Rough skin is the result of hyperkeratosis, a disease in which the cells of the epidermis are dividing too quickly and their desquamation is disturbed, which leads to a thickening of the stratum corneum of the skin.

Hyperkeratosis can lead to deep bleeding fissures, pinpoint hemorrhages, ulcers, interdigital and hard root calluses that will cause a lot of pain when walking. For healthy people, such complications are not dangerous, but for patients with diabetes, they threaten the development of gangrene.

The causes of hyperkeratosis are divided into two groups: external and internal. Internal causes include circulatory disorders in the vessels of the legs, varicose veins, athetosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, ichthyosis, hypo- or beriberi. But most often the cause is external factors: uncomfortable, tight or large shoes, prolonged or excessive loads on the legs, excess weight, foot deformities and violations of personal hygiene rules. Increased loads on the foot and rubbing of the skin with shoes provoke an increased division of horny cells, which also do not have time to actively exfoliate, forming a thickening of the skin.

For successful treatment of hyperkeratosis, it is necessary first of all to establish the cause of the appearance of the pathology and eliminate it. To eliminate the external manifestations of the disease, softening of the rough skin of the feet, removal of the hard layer of the epidermis, skin resurfacing and medical pedicure are required. For softening and moisturizing, foot baths, the use of aloe juice are effective, for the treatment of cracks – applications with synthomycin ointment. It is very important to choose the right orthopedic shoes, which will help correct the deformity of the foot, evenly distribute the load when walking and prevent chafing.

In order to avoid a long and unpleasant treatment, it is important to detect the initial manifestations of the disease as early as possible, while they are a minor cosmetic defect, and immediately take the necessary measures.

Diabetic foot syndrome

Every person who suffers from diabetes is at risk of a complication of the disease, threatening amputation of the lower limb. To avoid such an outcome, you need to carefully monitor changes in well-being, paying special attention to the condition of the skin of the feet.

The risk of amputation of the lower limb arises due to the development of the diabetic foot syndrome, which increases the traumatization of the skin of the feet. High blood sugar impairs blood circulation in the vessels of the legs, which leads to a deterioration in the nutrition of the skin and exposes it to frequent damage. Also, increased sugar reduces the sensitivity of nerve endings, due to which skin trauma may go unnoticed. Any damage can easily lead to the formation of ulcers and ulcers, turning into gangrene

Diabetic foot syndrome can be recognized by signs such as dry feet, swelling, redness of the feet, fever, ingrown nails, pointed toes, bursitis, pain or numbness in the feet, fungus, blisters, calluses, warts or ulcers on the feet .

To successfully prevent the disease, it is important to detect the presence of any of these signs as early as possible and immediately contact a specialist. It is also very important to control blood sugar levels, maintain a diet and personal hygiene, wear orthopedic shoes or insoles.

Orthopedic shoes have a minimum number of seams and a “breathable” structure, have antibacterial, antifungal and antiallergic properties. The benefit of orthopedic insoles is that they create relief at the location of the ulcer and prevent damage. The insoles have an antibacterial impregnation of the lower ball and allow the feet to “breathe”.

Simple preventive measures taken in time in most cases help to prevent the occurrence of diabetic ulcers, thereby eliminating the risk of limb amputation.

Curvature of the toes

Curvature of the toes is a pathology in which the toes take on an unnatural shape. This is not only an aesthetic problem, but also the cause of pain, cramps, ulcers and chronic diseases of the joints of the feet.

The main causes of the development of curvature of the fingers are imbalances in muscle balance and deviations in the structure of the bones of the feet. The movement of the toes is carried out using the work of the muscles of two groups: flexors and extensors, the tendons of which are attached to the phalanges of the fingers. Normally, the tendons of these muscles work with the same force. But with flat feet, the feet lengthen, as a result of which the flexors begin to predominate over the extensors. This leads to excessive tension in the tendons, which results in a gradual curvature of the fingers. With an increase in the tone of the short flexors, which are attached by tendons to the middle phalanx, a claw-like curvature of the fingers is formed. With an increase in the tone of the long flexors, a hammer-shaped curvature occurs.

Wearing uncomfortable shoes (thin toe or high heels), injuries, joint diseases, neuromuscular diseases, overweight and diabetes contribute to the development of toe deformity. Based on this, the main conservative ways to deal with the problem are wearing orthopedic shoes, recreational physical education, massages and physiotherapy.

If you do not contact a specialist in time, the deformity of the fingers can become fixed and the only way to get rid of it is surgery.

Bones on the legs

The formation of a “bone” or “bump” on the legs in the area of ​​the big toe worries not only as an external defect, but also as a cause of constant pain when walking. In order for the fight against this problem not to be in vain, you first need to establish what disease it is a consequence of.

Most often, the “bump” appears due to the development of hallux valgus deformity of the first toe. With this disease, the weakening of the ligamentous-muscular apparatus of the feet occurs, due to which the joints and bones change. A transverse flatfoot develops with the deviation of the first toe outward, as a result of which a “bump” is formed.

Another reason for the appearance of a “bump” on the leg is bursitis – inflammation of the joint capsule, as a result of which a lot of fluid is formed in it. The accumulation of fluid leads to an increase in the joint bag, which looks like a “bump”. The disease is characterized by characteristic symptoms: pain and burning in the joint area, red skin, swelling and increased joint mobility.

Also, a “bump” may appear with gout – the deposition of uric acid salts in the joint of the thumb. The formation of salt crystals provokes inflammation, accompanied by severe pain. The development of the disease is characterized by an attack of acute pain, which is often accompanied by headache, fever, fatigue, local redness and swelling.

The main causes of all these pathologies are most often heredity, osteoporosis, wearing uncomfortable and tight shoes, excessive load on the legs or excess weight.

Therefore, for the purpose of prevention, it is necessary to observe the regime of work and rest, wear orthopedic shoes or insoles, and if you suspect a disease, be sure to contact a specialist.

Forefoot corns

Curvature of the toes is a pathology in which the toes take on an unnatural shape. This is not only an aesthetic problem, but also the cause of pain, cramps, ulcers and chronic diseases of the joints of the feet.

The main reasons for the development of curvature of the fingers are violations of the muscular balance and deviations in the structure of the bones of the feet. The movement of the toes is carried out using the work of the muscles of two groups: flexors and extensors, the tendons of which are attached to the phalanges of the fingers. Normally, the tendons of these muscles work with the same force. But with flat feet, the feet lengthen, as a result of which the flexors begin to predominate over the extensors. This leads to excessive tension in the tendons, which results in a gradual curvature of the fingers. With an increase in the tone of the short flexors, which are attached by tendons to the middle phalanx, a claw-like curvature of the fingers is formed. With an increase in the tone of the long flexors, a hammer-shaped curvature occurs.

Wearing uncomfortable shoes (thin toe or high heels), injuries, joint diseases, neuromuscular diseases, overweight and diabetes contribute to the development of toe deformity. Based on this, the main conservative ways to deal with the problem are wearing orthopedic shoes, recreational physical education, massages and physiotherapy.

If you do not contact a specialist in time, the deformity of the fingers can become fixed and the only way to get rid of it is surgery.

Heel misalignment

Heel misalignment cannot be considered just an external defect, as it does not develop on its own, but is the result of severe foot dysfunction. To successfully combat this problem, it is important to contact a specialist in a timely manner, who will determine the cause of its occurrence and select the necessary measures to combat it.

A full-fledged walking process for a person is ensured by the coordinated work of all joints, ligaments and muscles of the musculoskeletal system. In this case, the feet are given support, spring and balancing functions. The successful implementation of these functions is facilitated by the correct structure and location of the bones of the feet, which is regulated by ligaments and muscles. With the help of the ligaments and muscles, the foot acquires its shape and the ability to move.

The stepping cycle is carried out by combining two natural movements of the feet opposite in direction: supination and pronation. In the process of walking, they allow the foot to elastically spread out under the influence of body weight, followed by a return to its original shape. During supination, the rear of the foot turns outward, the longitudinal arch rises, the foot shortens and its joints “close”. Pronation is accompanied by rotation of the foot inside and its elongation, which performs a spring and balancing function.

Due to pathological changes in the structure of the feet, hypersupination or hyperpronation can develop, which is especially fraught with consequences. Hypersupination is accompanied by an excessive inclination of the feet outward, as a result of which the fulcrum of the heels shifts to the same side and the arches of the feet rise. In the case of overpronation, the backs of the feet turn inward and the soles turn outward, causing the center of heel support to move to their outer part. Such changes entail the formation of persistent deformation of the bones of the feet and have a negative impact on the functioning of the entire musculoskeletal system.

In the presence of such disorders, gait worsens, pain appears in the feet, heels, ankles, and even in the knees and lower back. The best way to deal with pathology is to wear orthopedic shoes or insoles to correct the defect and prevent its progression. Also, their use will help reduce pain and correct gait. A special exercise plays a significant role, which helps to strengthen the muscles involved in the process of walking.

In order to prevent the development of pathology, it is necessary to train the muscles of the legs and exclude traumatic factors: excessive loads on the legs and wearing the wrong shoes.

Plantar fasciitis

Approximately one in ten people experience persistent severe pain in the heel that does not go away even after a long rest. Pain that worsens in the morning, when trying to take the first steps, when walking up the stairs or after intense physical activity, is most often due to the formation of plantar fasciitis, a disease in which inflammatory and degenerative changes in the plantar fascia occur.

The plantar fascia are the ligaments that connect the heel bone to the metatarsal bones, supporting the longitudinal arch of the foot. They perform a shock-absorbing function, protect the bone structure and ensure its stability. In the standing position, the weakened plantar fascia experiences a particularly strong load at its attachment to the calcaneus. In case of overload of the fascia, a microtear occurs in this place and, as a result, local inflammation of its fibers occurs, which is the cause of pain.

Plantar fasciitis is often the cause of flat feet, due to repetitive minor trauma to the fascia, excess weight, rheumatic disease, circulatory disorders in the legs, or abnormal metabolism. All treatment measures are aimed at eliminating the inflammatory process. Effective means will be physiotherapy, foot massages, leg exercises and passive orthopedic unloading. Among the effective means are springy heel pads or combined orthopedic insoles. The latter distribute the load on the foot, reduce the shock wave when walking and reduce pain. In order to prevent the disease, you need to do exercises, do not overload the muscles of the feet with prolonged loads and choose comfortable shoes.

Never forget that it is much easier and less costly to prevent a disease than to fight it.

Heel spur

It is not uncommon for people to experience acute pain in the heel when leaning on it. Such pain is the main symptom of a heel spur, a disease in which a bone growth occurs in the lower part of the heel bone due to the deposition of calcium salts. However, pain is not caused by the presence of a spur, but by inflammation of the tissues surrounding the calcaneus.

A bony outgrowth forms as a compensatory response to damage to the ligaments or muscles at their attachment to the heel bone.

The main cause of heel spurs is plantar fasciitis (inflammation of the plantar fascia), but others are not excluded: flat feet, diseases of the spine and joints, heel injuries, running on hard surfaces, excessive loads, excess weight, gait disturbance and wearing uncomfortable shoes.