What causes leg cramps. How can you treat leg cramps effectively. What are the best prevention methods for leg cramps. Is there a connection between leg cramps and certain medical conditions. How do medications affect leg cramps. What stretches can help alleviate leg cramps. Are supplements effective for managing leg cramps.

Understanding Leg Cramps: An Overview

Leg cramps, often referred to as “Charley horses,” are sudden, painful, and involuntary contractions of leg muscles. These contractions can affect the feet, calves, and thigh muscles, causing significant discomfort. While they typically last for a few seconds, some episodes can persist for an average of 9 minutes, leaving the affected muscle tender for up to 24 hours afterward.

These cramps frequently occur during sleep or periods of rest, disrupting normal activities and sleep patterns. Despite their prevalence, the exact cause of leg cramps remains elusive in many cases. However, researchers have identified several potential contributing factors and associated conditions that may increase the likelihood of experiencing these painful muscular contractions.

The Multifaceted Causes of Leg Cramps

While the precise mechanisms behind leg cramps are not fully understood, several theories and potential causes have been proposed:

• Muscle fatigue and nerve dysfunction
• Shortened calf muscles due to sleeping posture
• Lack of regular squatting, which naturally stretches calf muscles
• Strenuous exercise or prolonged muscle use
• Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances (though scientific evidence is inconclusive)
• Underlying medical conditions affecting the nervous system, circulation, metabolism, or hormones

Do certain medical conditions increase the risk of leg cramps? Indeed, several health issues have been associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing leg cramps:

• Cirrhosis
• Chronic kidney failure
• Parkinson’s disease
• Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
• Pregnancy, especially in later stages
• Motor neuron diseases, such as ALS
• Diabetes, particularly type 2
• Fibromyalgia
• Thyroid disorders

Medications and Their Impact on Leg Cramps

Can certain medications trigger leg cramps? Yes, some medications have been associated with an increased risk of leg cramps. These include:

• Iron sucrose (Venofer)
• Conjugated estrogens
• Raloxifene (Evista)
• Naproxen (Aleve)
• Teriparatide (Forteo)

It’s important to note that the relationship between these medications and leg cramps may vary from person to person. If you suspect that your medication is causing leg cramps, consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment regimen.

Age and Leg Cramps: A Growing Concern

Is there a connection between age and the frequency of leg cramps? Research suggests that the likelihood of experiencing leg cramps increases with age. Studies indicate that 50-60% of adults and 7% of children experience cramps, with the incidence rising in older populations.

Why do older adults experience more leg cramps? Several factors contribute to this increased prevalence:

• Muscle loss, which begins in the mid-40s and accelerates with inactivity
• Changes in nerve function and circulation
• Higher likelihood of underlying medical conditions associated with leg cramps
• Increased use of medications that may trigger cramps

Effective Treatment Strategies for Leg Cramps

When a leg cramp strikes, what can you do to find relief? The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) recommends the following strategies:

1. Immediately stop the activity that triggered the cramp
2. Gently stretch and massage the affected muscle
3. Hold the leg in a stretched position until the cramp subsides
4. Apply heat to tight or tense muscles
5. Use cold packs on tender areas after the cramp has resolved

Are supplements effective in treating leg cramps? While some individuals use supplements like magnesium to alleviate muscle cramps, scientific evidence supporting their efficacy is limited. A 2020 review focusing on older adults concluded that magnesium supplements were unlikely to provide significant benefits for leg cramps. However, more research is needed to determine their effectiveness in other contexts, such as pregnancy-related leg cramps.

Prevention Strategies: Minimizing the Risk of Leg Cramps

Can leg cramps be prevented? While there’s no foolproof method to eliminate the risk of leg cramps entirely, several strategies may help reduce their frequency and severity:

• Regular stretching, especially before bedtime (although evidence is limited)
• Maintaining proper hydration
• Engaging in regular physical activity to maintain muscle strength and flexibility
• Wearing comfortable, supportive shoes
• Avoiding prolonged periods of sitting or standing
• Addressing any underlying medical conditions that may contribute to leg cramps

Is there a medication that can prevent leg cramps? Currently, no medication has been proven to effectively prevent leg cramps. In fact, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises against using quinine, which was previously employed for this purpose, due to potential dangerous interactions and side effects.

Stretching Exercises to Alleviate Leg Cramps

What stretches can help relieve leg cramps? Here are two effective stretching exercises that may provide relief:

1. Hamstring Muscle Stretch

1. Sit on the floor with your legs straight out in front of you
2. Slowly pull your toes up toward your knee, stretching the calf muscle
3. Hold this position for 30 seconds
4. Repeat 2-3 times for each leg

2. Calf Muscle Stretch

1. Stand about one meter from a wall, feet flat on the ground
2. Lean forward, placing your hands against the wall
3. Keep your back leg straight and heel on the ground
4. Bend your front knee, feeling the stretch in your back calf
5. Hold for 30 seconds, then switch legs
6. Repeat 2-3 times for each leg

Incorporating these stretches into your daily routine may help reduce the frequency and severity of leg cramps. However, if you experience persistent or severe cramps, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying medical conditions.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Leg Cramps

While most leg cramps are harmless and resolve on their own, there are instances when medical attention may be necessary. When should you consult a doctor about leg cramps? Consider seeking medical advice if:

• Leg cramps occur frequently and severely disrupt your daily life or sleep
• Cramps are accompanied by muscle weakness, atrophy, or other neurological symptoms
• You experience persistent pain or tenderness in the affected muscle after the cramp subsides
• Cramps are associated with swelling, redness, or warmth in the leg
• You have a known medical condition that increases your risk of complications from leg cramps

A healthcare provider can help determine if your leg cramps are a symptom of an underlying condition and recommend appropriate treatment options.

The Role of Lifestyle Factors in Leg Cramp Management

How do lifestyle choices impact the frequency and severity of leg cramps? Several factors in our daily lives can influence our susceptibility to leg cramps:

1. Physical Activity

Regular exercise can help maintain muscle strength and flexibility, potentially reducing the risk of cramps. However, intense or prolonged physical activity, especially in hot weather, may trigger cramps in some individuals. Finding the right balance is key.

2. Hydration

While the link between dehydration and leg cramps is not definitively proven, maintaining proper hydration is generally beneficial for overall health and may help prevent cramps in some cases.

3. Diet

Some people find that certain dietary factors influence their experience with leg cramps. For example, adequate intake of electrolytes like potassium, calcium, and magnesium may be helpful, although scientific evidence supporting dietary interventions for leg cramps is limited.

4. Sleep Habits

Improving sleep posture and ensuring that muscles are not overly shortened during sleep may help reduce nighttime leg cramps. Using a pillow to keep feet in a neutral position can be beneficial for some individuals.

5. Footwear

Wearing comfortable, supportive shoes that promote proper foot alignment may help reduce the risk of leg cramps, especially for those who spend long periods standing or walking.

By addressing these lifestyle factors, many individuals may be able to reduce the frequency and severity of leg cramps. However, it’s important to remember that what works for one person may not be effective for another, and a personalized approach may be necessary.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Leg Cramp Management

What new developments are on the horizon for understanding and treating leg cramps? While much remains unknown about the precise mechanisms behind leg cramps, ongoing research is exploring several promising avenues:

1. Genetic Factors

Scientists are investigating potential genetic predispositions to leg cramps, which could help explain why some individuals are more susceptible than others.

2. Neuromuscular Junction Function

Research is focusing on the role of the neuromuscular junction (where nerve meets muscle) in the development of leg cramps. This could lead to new targeted therapies.

3. Novel Pharmacological Approaches

While no medications are currently approved specifically for preventing leg cramps, researchers are exploring new compounds that may offer relief without the side effects associated with older treatments like quinine.

4. Wearable Technology

Innovative devices that can detect early signs of muscle fatigue or impending cramps are being developed. These could potentially alert users to take preventive action.

5. Personalized Medicine

As our understanding of individual risk factors and triggers improves, more personalized approaches to preventing and treating leg cramps may become available.

While these areas of research hold promise, it’s important to note that developing new treatments and gaining a deeper understanding of leg cramps will take time. In the meantime, focusing on proven strategies for management and prevention remains the most effective approach for most individuals.

Leg Cramps in Special Populations

How do leg cramps affect different groups of people? While leg cramps can affect anyone, certain populations may experience them more frequently or with unique considerations:

1. Pregnant Women

Leg cramps are common during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. These cramps may be related to weight gain, changes in circulation, and pressure on nerves and blood vessels. While generally harmless, severe or persistent cramps should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

2. Athletes

Athletes, particularly those engaging in endurance sports, may experience exercise-associated muscle cramps. These can be related to factors such as muscle fatigue, electrolyte imbalances, and dehydration. Proper training, nutrition, and hydration strategies are crucial for prevention.

3. Older Adults

As mentioned earlier, older adults are more prone to leg cramps. This increased susceptibility may be due to age-related changes in muscle mass, nerve function, and circulation. Regular exercise and stretching can be particularly beneficial for this group.

4. Individuals with Chronic Diseases

People with conditions such as diabetes, peripheral artery disease, or chronic kidney disease may experience leg cramps as a symptom or complication of their condition. Management of the underlying disease is often key to reducing cramp frequency.

5. Night Shift Workers

Those who work night shifts or have irregular sleep patterns may be more susceptible to leg cramps due to disruptions in their circadian rhythm and potential impacts on muscle function and hydration status.

Understanding how leg cramps manifest in these different populations can help in developing targeted prevention and management strategies. If you fall into one of these groups and are experiencing frequent or severe leg cramps, consulting with a healthcare provider for personalized advice is recommended.

The Economic and Quality of Life Impact of Leg Cramps

How do leg cramps affect daily life and healthcare costs? While often overlooked, the impact of leg cramps extends beyond momentary discomfort:

1. Sleep Disruption

Nocturnal leg cramps can significantly disrupt sleep, leading to daytime fatigue, decreased productivity, and potential safety risks.

2. Reduced Physical Activity

Fear of triggering cramps may lead some individuals to avoid physical activity, potentially contributing to a cycle of decreased fitness and increased susceptibility to cramps.

3. Healthcare Utilization

While many people manage leg cramps at home, severe or frequent episodes may lead to increased doctor visits, diagnostic tests, and medication use, contributing to healthcare costs.

4. Workplace Productivity

Leg cramps and their after-effects can impact workplace productivity, potentially leading to decreased performance or increased absenteeism.

5. Psychological Impact

Chronic or severe leg cramps can cause anxiety and stress, particularly if they frequently disrupt sleep or daily activities.

Recognizing these broader impacts underscores the importance of effective management strategies for leg cramps. While they may seem like a minor nuisance, addressing leg cramps can have significant benefits for overall health, well-being, and quality of life.

As research continues to uncover the complexities of leg cramps, it’s clear that a multifaceted approach involving lifestyle modifications, targeted exercises, and, when necessary, medical intervention, offers the best path forward for those affected by this common but often challenging condition.

Leg cramps: Causes, treatment, and prevention

Why leg cramps, or Charley horses, occur is often not clear. But, they may result from nerve dysfunction, shortened leg muscles, and various health conditions, such as diabetes and kidney failure. Stretching the muscle may bring relief, but an underlying condition will need medical attention.

Leg cramps involve sudden, painful, and involuntary contractions of a leg muscle, causing pain and discomfort in the feet, calves, and thigh muscles

They often occur while a person is sleeping or resting. They can be gone in a few seconds, but the average duration is 9 minutes. They can leave tenderness in the muscle for up to 24 hours after.

In most cases, there is no identifiable reason why they happen, and they are harmless. Sometimes, however, they can indicate an underlying disorder, such as diabetes or peripheral artery disease.

In most cases, people do not know why leg cramps happen, although there are a number of theories.

Some research suggests that muscle fatigue and nerve dysfunction may play a role.

Sleeping with the foot stretched out and the calf muscles shortened may trigger night cramps.

Another theory is that cramps are more likely nowadays, as most people no longer squat, a position that stretches the calf muscles.

Exercise is a factor. Stressing or using a muscle for a long time may trigger a leg cramp during or after the exertion. Cramps often affect athletes, especially at the start of a season, if their body is out of condition. Nerve damage may play a role.

Some experts believe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances may contribute. Athletes who exercise strenuously in hot weather often experience cramps. However, scientific evidence has not confirmed this connection. Athletes who play in cool climates also get cramps, after all.

Sometimes leg cramps are caused by an underlying condition relating to the nervous system, circulation, metabolism, or hormones. Some medications can also increase the risk.

Conditions that may cause cramps include:

• alcohol misuse
• cirrhosis
• chronic kidney failure
• hemodialysis
• cancer treatment
• muscle fatigue
• vascular disease
• Parkinson’s disease
• peripheral artery disease (PAD)
• restless legs syndrome
• pregnancy, especially in the later stages
• motor neuron disease
• Lou Gehrig’s disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS)
• spinal nerve irritation or compression
• hardening of the arteries
• spinal stenosis
• thyroid disease and hormonal problems
• chronic infections
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• chronic kidney disease and kidney failure
• diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes
• fibromyalagia

Medications that can trigger cramping include:

• iron sucrose (Venofer)
• conjugated estrogens
• raloxifene (Evista)
• naproxen (Aleve)
• teriparatide (Forteo)

Older people are more likely to experience leg cramps. Muscle loss starts from the mid-40s and increases if a person is not active. This may raise the risk of cramps.

Research suggests that 50–60% of adults and 7% of children experience cramps, and the likelihood increases with age.

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) suggest the following to ease cramping:

• Stop the activity that caused the cramp.
• Stretch and massage the muscle.
• Hold the leg in the stretched position until the cramp stops.
• Apply heat to muscles that are tight or tense.
• Use cold packs on tender muscles.

Some people use supplements, such as magnesium, to reduce muscle cramps. However, a 2020 review that looked at older adults concluded that they were unlikely to benefit from this treatment. For other contexts, such as pregnancy, there is not enough evidence to show whether supplements help.

Stretching before bedtime may help, but evidence is limited.

No medication is likely to prevent leg cramps.

If a severe cramp leaves a muscle feeling tender, an over-the-counter (OTC) painkiller may help.

In the past, people used quinine. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) urge people not to use this, as it may have dangerous interactions and side effects.

There is limited evidence that exercise and stretching, calcium channel blockers, carisoprodol, and vitamin B-12 may help. Multivitamins may be of some use during pregnancy.

There is no evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), calcium, or potassium are of any benefit.

Here, learn more about treating leg muscle cramps.

If there is no underlying cause, leg cramps will probably get better without treatment.

Walking on tiptoes may help stretch the muscles and relieve a cramp.

Stretching exercises may help. If the cramp is in the calf muscle try the following stretches:

Hamstring muscle stretch

Image credit: Zinkevych/Getty Images

1. Sit on the floor with legs straight out in front.
2. Pull the toes up toward the knee, to stretch the calf muscle.
3. Hold for 30 seconds.

Calf muscle stretch

1. Stand about one meter from a wall with both feet flat on the ground.
2. Lean forward against the wall with the arms outstretched and the hands flat on the wall. Keep the heels on the ground.
3. Hold for 10 seconds, then gently return to an upright position.
4. Repeat 5-10 times.

Quadriceps muscle stretch

1. Stand up straight, holding a wall or chair for support if necessary.
2. Pull one foot up toward the buttocks, grasp and ankle, and hold the foot as close to the body as far as possible.
3. Hold for 30 seconds, then repeat with the other foot.

Doing these exercises may help relieve or prevent cramps. They can also serve as a warm up before exercise.

The following measures may also help prevent leg cramps.

• Support the toes when lying down or asleep by propping up the feet with a pillow.
• Keep bedding loose to help prevent the feet and toes from pointing downward during sleep.
• Wear suitable footwear during the day, especially if a person has flat feet or other foot problems.

Keeping fit by getting enough exercise can help. If a person does exercise, they should make sure their program is suitable and that their progress is gradual. Avoid overexertion and training for prolonged periods, and always remember to warm up before starting.

Leg cramps are not usually a cause for concern, but sometimes they can indicate an underlying problem. If cramps are severe or happen frequently, it may be a good idea to seek medical advice.

The doctor may carry out tests to try to identify an underlying cause. If the person is taking medications that can trigger cramps, the doctor may adjust the dose or change the drug.

Leg cramps are a common problem that usually happen for no identifiable reason. Stretching and massaging the muscle can often bring relief.

In some cases, however, there may be an underlying cause that needs medical attention. If cramps are severe or frequent, consider consulting a doctor.

Venous leg ulcer – Illnesses & conditions

With appropriate treatment, most venous leg ulcers heal within 3 to 4 months.

Treatment should always be carried out by a healthcare professional trained in compression therapy for leg ulcers. Usually, this will be a practice or district nurse.

Cleaning and dressing the ulcer

The first step is to remove any debris or dead tissue from the ulcer and apply an appropriate dressing. This provides the best conditions for the ulcer to heal.

A simple, non-sticky dressing will be used to dress your ulcer. This usually needs to be changed once a week. Many people find they can manage cleaning and dressing their own ulcer under the supervision of a nurse.

Compression

To improve vein circulation in your legs and treat swelling, your nurse will apply a firm compression bandage over the affected leg. These bandages are designed to squeeze your legs and encourage blood to flow upwards, towards your heart.

There are many different types of bandage or elastic stockings used to treat venous leg ulcers, which may be made in 2, 3 or 4 different layers. The application of a compression bandage is a skilled procedure and they should only be applied by trained healthcare staff.

The bandage is changed once a week, when the dressing is changed.

When compression bandages are first applied to an unhealthy ulcer, it’s usually painful. Ideally, you should have paracetamol or an alternative painkiller prescribed by your GP. The pain will lessen once the ulcer starts to heal, but this can take up to 10-12 days.

It’s important to wear your compression bandage exactly as instructed. If you have any problems, it’s usually best to contact your nurse, instead of trying to remove it yourself. If the compression bandage feels a little too tight and is uncomfortable in bed at night, getting up for a short walk will usually help.

However, you’ll need to cut the bandage off if:

• you get severe pain at the front of your ankle
• you get severe pain on the top of your foot
• your toes become blue and swollen

Once you remove the bandage, make sure you keep your leg highly elevated and contact your doctor or nurse as soon as possible.

In some clinics, specialist teams are using new alternatives to compression bandages, such as special stockings or other compressive devices. These may not be available in every clinic but could change the way ulcers are treated in future. Your specialist will be able to advise you whether a different approach may help you.

Treating associated symptoms

Swelling in the legs and ankles

Venous leg ulcers are often accompanied by swelling of your feet and ankles (oedema), which is caused by fluid. This can be controlled by compression bandages.

Keeping your leg elevated whenever possible, ideally with your toes at the same level as your eyes, will also help ease swelling. You should put a suitcase, sofa cushion or foam wedge under the bottom of your mattress, to help keep your legs raised while you sleep.

You should also keep as active as possible and aim to continue with your normal activities. Regular exercise, such as a daily walk, will help reduce leg swelling. However, you should avoid standing or sitting still with your feet down. You should elevate your feet at least every hour.

Itchy skin

Some people with venous leg ulcers develop rashes with scaly and itchy skin.

This is often due to varicose eczema, which can be treated with a moisturiser (emollient) and occasionally a mild corticosteroid cream or ointment. In rare cases, you may need to be referred to a dermatologist (skin specialist) for treatment.

Itchy skin can also sometimes be caused by an allergic reaction to the dressings or creams applied by your nurse. If this happens, you may need to be tested for allergies.

It’s important to avoid scratching your legs if they feel itchy, because this damages the skin and may lead to further ulcers.

Looking after yourself during treatment

To help your ulcer heal more quickly, follow the advice below:

• Try to keep active by walking regularly. Sitting and standing still without elevating your legs can make venous leg ulcers and swelling worse
• Whenever you’re sitting or lying down, keep your affected leg elevated – with your toes level with your eyes
• Regularly exercise your legs by moving your feet up and down, and rotating them at the ankles. This can help encourage better circulation
• If you’re overweight, try to reduce your weight with a healthy diet and regular exercise
• Stop smoking 
• Moderate your alcohol consumption
• Be careful not to injure your affected leg, and wear comfortable, well-fitting footwear

You may also find it helpful to attend a local healthy leg club, such as those provided by the Lindsay Leg Club Foundation, for support and advice.

Treating an infected ulcer

An ulcer sometimes produces a large amount of discharge and becomes more painful. There may also be redness around the ulcer. These symptoms and feeling unwell are signs of infection.

If your ulcer becomes infected, it should be cleaned and dressed as usual.

You should also elevate your leg most of the time and you’ll be prescribed a 7-day course of antibiotics.

The aim of antibiotic treatment is to clear the infection. However, antibiotics don’t heal ulcers and should only be used in short courses to treat infected ulcers.

Follow-up

You should visit your nurse once a week to have your dressings and compression bandages changed. They’ll also monitor the ulcer to see how well it’s healing. Once your ulcer is healing well, your nurse will see you less often.

After the ulcer has healed

Once you’ve had a venous leg ulcer, another ulcer could develop within months or years.

The most effective method of preventing this is to wear compression stockings at all times when you’re out of bed. Your nurse will help you find a stocking that fits correctly and that you can manage yourself.

Various accessories are available to help you put them on and take them off.

Read more about preventing venous leg ulcers.

Protective water cover for leg 105 cm (adult) DynaLife Corp.USA buy at a price of 1050 rubles with delivery ― MyStoma.ru a bandage, a wound, allergic and other skin lesions on the legs from water, for example, during hygiene procedures, taking a shower.

Reusable pouch made of heavy duty vinyl and a ring with a rubber diaphragm to prevent liquids from penetrating.

The protective cover is put on easily and simply, but you must first read the instructions. DynaLife Corp., USA

Assortment of cast and water protection covers:

Adult:

0112-60783/R 98cm (Adult) Arm Water Protection DynaLif Corp.USA

0568-60781/R 55 cm (Adult) Water Protection DynaLif Corp.USA 9 Arm 0003

0567-60780/R Protective water cover for hand 30cm (Adult) DynaLif Corp. USA

02 0571-60785 /R Leg Water Protector 58cm (Adult) DynaLif Corp.USA

0572-60786/R 105cm (Adult) Leg Water Protector DynaLif Corp.USA skye) DynaLif Corp .USA

8921-60788/R 55 cm Water Protection Arm (Child) DynaLif Corp.USA

0118-60789/R 45 cm Water Protection Leg (child) DynaLif Corp.USA

0119- 60790/R Leg Water Protector 78cm (Child) DynaLif Corp.USA

Sand off any sharp edges that could damage the bandage or splint before use.

Hold the plastic ring firmly when putting on the bandage or splint.

To ensure proper protection against water penetration, make sure that the protective surface of the product fits snugly enough to cover the entire surface of the dressing or splint.

Make sure that the diaphragm of the protective product is dry before removing the product.

Hold the plastic ring firmly when removing.

DO NOT PULL ON THE VINYL POUCH as this may damage the product.

This product is for personal use only.

Do not use the protective product in swimming pools or open water. To avoid water penetration, do not submerge the entire protective product under water.

Never lean on the plastic ring.

The ring is not designed for heavy weight.

Protective product may become slippery when wet.

Make sure that the protective item does not fit too tightly around the limbs.

This may cause poor circulation.

If swelling or discomfort occurs in the extremities, consult your physician.

Download manual

EXPERT CORPS foot treatment Beautiful legs with mate extract – body care for heavy legs

DESCRIPTION

this fresh and melting gel is a beauty treatment for legs. It is enriched with red grape extract, which is naturally rich in antioxidants and is known for its tonic properties. This reduces the feeling of heaviness. The complex of mate and caffeine helps to reduce fat reserves, improve and model the silhouette. The texture of the skin is smoothed and becomes homogeneous.

SUGGESTIONS FOR USE

Apply in the morning and/or evening with upward massage movements to improve blood circulation. Avoid contact with eyes.

BEAUTY TIP

For optimal results, use a sugar-based exfoliant regularly to remove dead cells and help active ingredients penetrate better.

MAIN ACTIVE INGREDIENT – MATE

has been used by the Indians since ancient times to prepare the “drink of the gods”, its leaf is a plant treasure. Contains high concentrations of caffeine and 11 polyphenols. A powerful antioxidant, it helps to get rid of fat accumulation and fights orange peel. Our extract comes from South America.

INGREDIENTS

INCI LIST : Aqua (Water), Alcohol, Glycerin, Isopropyl Palmitate, Propylene Glycol, Cyclopentasiloxane, Caffeine, Butylene Glycol, Parfum (Fragrance), Diphenyl Dimethicone, Escin, Acrylates/C 10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer , Caprylyl Glycol, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Tromethamine, Xanthan Gum, Ilex Paraguariensis Leaf Extract, Hexyl Cinnamal, Sodium Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, Limonene, Isohexadecane, Linalool, Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract, Polysorbate 80, Ruscus Aculeatus Root Extract, Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Leaf Extract, Citric Acid, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate, Sorbitan Oleate, Maltodextrin, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Tocopherol, CI 19140 (Yellow 5), CI 42090 (Blue 1).