How many times is normal to urinate per day. What are the common causes of frequent urination. When should you be concerned about urinating too often. What treatments are available for frequent urination.

Understanding Frequent Urination: What’s Normal and What’s Not

Urination is a natural bodily function that helps eliminate waste fluids from our system. But how often should we be visiting the bathroom? Most people urinate 6-7 times per day, which is considered normal. However, frequent urination, also known as urinary frequency, occurs when a person needs to urinate more than 7 times in 24 hours after consuming about 2 liters of fluid.

Is frequent urination always a cause for concern? Not necessarily. In many cases, it’s simply a result of increased fluid intake, especially beverages containing caffeine or alcohol. However, persistent urinary frequency can sometimes indicate an underlying health issue that requires medical attention.

Key Points About Normal Urination:

• Average urination frequency: 6-7 times per day
• Urine composition: Water, uric acid, urea, and toxins
• Urination process: Triggered when the bladder reaches a point of fullness

Common Causes of Frequent Urination: From Lifestyle to Medical Conditions

Frequent urination can stem from various factors, ranging from simple lifestyle choices to more complex medical conditions. Understanding these causes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Lifestyle Factors:

• Excessive fluid intake, especially caffeine and alcohol
• Certain medications, such as diuretics

Medical Conditions:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Urethritis
• Pregnancy
• Diabetes
• Prostate gland problems
• Interstitial cystitis
• Urinary tract stones
• Tumors or masses in the pelvic area
• Neurological problems

Can frequent urination be a sign of a serious condition? In some cases, yes. For instance, untreated kidney infections can lead to permanent kidney damage. This is why it’s important to seek medical attention if you experience persistent urinary frequency along with other concerning symptoms.

Recognizing the Symptoms: When Frequent Urination Becomes a Problem

While the primary symptom of frequent urination is self-explanatory – needing to urinate more often without an increase in urine output – there are other associated symptoms that may indicate a more serious underlying condition.

Additional Symptoms to Watch For:

• Pain or discomfort while urinating
• Blood in the urine
• Urinary incontinence
• Nocturia (frequent urination at night)
• Abdominal pain
• Increased urination urgency
• Difficulty urinating despite the urge
• Increased thirst
• Fever
• Nausea or vomiting
• Vaginal or penile discharge

How do you know if your frequent urination is affecting your quality of life? If you find yourself constantly planning your activities around bathroom access, waking up multiple times at night to urinate, or experiencing anxiety about urinary urgency, it may be time to consult a healthcare professional.

Diagnosing Frequent Urination: What to Expect at the Doctor’s Office

When you visit a doctor for frequent urination, they will likely conduct a thorough evaluation to determine the underlying cause. This process typically involves several steps to gather comprehensive information about your condition.

Medical History and Symptom Assessment:

Your doctor will ask questions about:

• The pattern of your frequent urination (onset, changes, time of day)
• Current medications
• Fluid consumption habits
• Changes in urine color, smell, or consistency
• Caffeine and alcohol intake

Physical Examination and Diagnostic Tests:

Depending on your symptoms and medical history, your doctor may recommend various tests, including:

• Urine analysis
• Ultrasound
• X-ray or CT scan of the abdomen and pelvic area
• Neurological tests
• STI tests
• Blood tests
• Urodynamic tests

What are urodynamic tests? These specialized examinations assess how well your bladder can hold and release urine, as well as the function of your urethra. They may involve simple observations or more complex measurements using imaging equipment and sensors.

Treatment Options for Frequent Urination: Addressing the Root Cause

The treatment for frequent urination varies depending on the underlying cause. Once a diagnosis is made, your healthcare provider will develop a personalized treatment plan to address your specific condition.

Common Treatment Approaches:

• Diabetes management: For those diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, treatment focuses on regulating blood sugar levels.
• Antibiotics: Used to treat urinary tract infections and kidney infections.
• Bladder control training: Often recommended for overactive bladder.
• Anticholinergic medications: Can help manage symptoms of overactive bladder.
• Lifestyle modifications: May include adjusting fluid intake, limiting caffeine and alcohol consumption, and practicing pelvic floor exercises.

How effective are these treatments? The efficacy varies depending on the cause and individual response. Many people experience significant improvement in their symptoms with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments.

Preventing Frequent Urination: Lifestyle Changes and Self-Care Strategies

While not all causes of frequent urination can be prevented, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk and manage symptoms:

1. Monitor fluid intake: Stay hydrated, but avoid excessive fluid consumption, especially before bedtime.
2. Limit caffeine and alcohol: These substances can irritate the bladder and increase urine production.
3. Practice good hygiene: Proper genital hygiene can help prevent urinary tract infections.
4. Strengthen pelvic floor muscles: Kegel exercises can improve bladder control.
5. Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight can put pressure on your bladder, leading to frequent urination.
6. Manage chronic conditions: Keep conditions like diabetes under control to prevent urinary complications.

Can dietary changes help with frequent urination? In some cases, yes. Avoiding bladder irritants such as spicy foods, acidic fruits, and artificial sweeteners may help reduce urinary frequency for some individuals.

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention: Red Flags for Urgent Care

While frequent urination is often manageable, there are situations where immediate medical attention is necessary. Be alert for the following signs that may indicate a more serious condition:

• Sudden onset of severe abdominal or pelvic pain
• High fever accompanied by urinary symptoms
• Blood in the urine
• Inability to urinate despite a strong urge
• Signs of dehydration (extreme thirst, dry mouth, dizziness)
• Urinary incontinence that significantly impacts daily life

Why is prompt medical attention important in these cases? Delaying treatment for severe urinary issues can lead to complications such as kidney damage, sepsis, or chronic bladder dysfunction. Early intervention can prevent these serious outcomes and provide relief from symptoms.

Living with Frequent Urination: Coping Strategies and Quality of Life Considerations

For some individuals, frequent urination may be a long-term condition that requires ongoing management. While it can be challenging, there are strategies to help you cope and maintain a good quality of life:

Practical Tips for Daily Living:

• Plan your routes: Familiarize yourself with bathroom locations when you’re out and about.
• Use absorbent products: For peace of mind, consider using pads or protective underwear.
• Schedule fluid intake: Try to consume most of your fluids earlier in the day.
• Practice bladder training: Gradually increase the time between bathroom visits to improve bladder capacity.
• Communicate with others: Don’t be afraid to explain your needs to friends, family, or colleagues.

How can you maintain an active lifestyle with frequent urination? With proper management and planning, many people with urinary frequency continue to enjoy activities like travel, sports, and social events. It’s often helpful to discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider, who can offer personalized advice for your situation.

Emotional and Psychological Support:

Living with frequent urination can sometimes lead to anxiety, embarrassment, or social isolation. It’s important to address these emotional aspects of the condition:

• Seek support groups: Connecting with others who have similar experiences can be comforting and informative.
• Consider counseling: If urinary frequency is causing significant stress or anxiety, talking to a mental health professional can be beneficial.
• Practice stress-reduction techniques: Relaxation methods like meditation or deep breathing can help manage anxiety related to urinary urgency.

Can frequent urination affect your sleep quality? Yes, nocturia (nighttime urination) can significantly disrupt sleep patterns. If this is a concern, discuss it with your doctor, as there may be specific treatments or strategies to minimize nighttime bathroom visits.

Advances in Frequent Urination Treatment: New Research and Future Prospects

The field of urology is continuously evolving, with ongoing research aimed at improving diagnosis and treatment options for frequent urination. Some promising areas of study include:

Emerging Treatments and Technologies:

• Neuromodulation therapies: These treatments use electrical stimulation to regulate bladder function.
• Botox injections: Used to treat overactive bladder by relaxing bladder muscles.
• Gene therapy: Researchers are exploring ways to correct genetic factors that contribute to urinary problems.
• Artificial intelligence: AI-powered diagnostic tools may help identify underlying causes of frequent urination more accurately.

What potential breakthroughs are on the horizon for frequent urination treatment? While it’s difficult to predict specific outcomes, researchers are optimistic about developing more targeted and less invasive treatments. These may include personalized medicine approaches that tailor treatments to an individual’s genetic profile and specific urinary dysfunction.

Holistic Approaches to Urinary Health:

There’s also growing interest in integrative approaches that combine conventional medical treatments with complementary therapies:

• Acupuncture: Some studies suggest it may help with certain types of urinary frequency.
• Herbal remedies: Certain herbs are being investigated for their potential to support bladder health.
• Mindfulness practices: Techniques like mindfulness-based stress reduction may help manage the psychological aspects of frequent urination.

How can patients stay informed about new developments in urinary health? It’s best to maintain open communication with your healthcare provider and consider participating in reputable clinical trials if appropriate. Patient advocacy groups and reliable online resources can also provide up-to-date information on research and treatment options.

In conclusion, frequent urination is a common issue that can significantly impact daily life. While it’s often benign, it can sometimes signal more serious underlying conditions. By understanding the causes, recognizing symptoms, and seeking timely medical attention when necessary, individuals can effectively manage this condition and maintain their quality of life. Remember, urinary health is an important aspect of overall well-being, and there’s no need to suffer in silence. With proper care and management, most people with frequent urination can find relief and continue to lead active, fulfilling lives.

Causes, symptoms, and when to see a doctor

Frequent urination, or urinary frequency, means having the urge to pass urine often. It is often the result of drinking too much fluid but can indicate conditions such as urethritis or urinary tract infections.

Urinating is how the body removes waste fluids. Urine –– which contains water, uric acid, urea, and toxins –– stays in the bladder until it reaches a point of fullness. At this point, a person expels it from the body.

Most people urinate 6–7 times per day. Frequent urination, or urinary frequency, is when a person needs to urinate more than 7 times in 24 hours if they have consumed about 2 liters of fluid across that day.

Many people live with frequent urination. Although there is often a simple explanation for an individual’s urinary frequency, it can sometimes indicate a more serious condition. Early identification of the problem can lead to timely treatment, preventing possible complications.

Read more to learn about possible causes of frequent urination, its symptoms, and when to contact a doctor.

Urination is a complex process involving various body systems. This means several factors things can cause issues with this bodily process.

Lifestyle causes include drinking a lot of fluids, especially those containing caffeine or alcohol. At night, this can interrupt the sleep cycle with urges to urinate, which doctors call nocturia.

However, frequent urination can also indicate an underlying problem. Some of these may include kidney or ureter problems, urinary bladder problems, diabetes, and prostate gland problems.

Other causes or related factors can include:

• urinary tract infection
• urethritis
• pregnancy
• a tumor or mass in the pelvic area
• a bladder tumor
• interstitial cystitis, a type of inflammation of the bladder wall
• urinary tract stones
• certain medications, such as diuretics
• radiotherapy
• sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• neurological problems

The primary symptom of frequent urination is needing to urinate more often without an increase in urine output. At this point, the urinary frequency may negatively affect a person’s quality of life.

Depending on the underlying cause, people with frequent urination may also experience:

• dribbling after urinating
• abdominal pain
• urinary incontinence
• nocturia, or frequent urination at night
• painful urination

If frequent urination affects a person’s quality of life, they may wish to contact a doctor.

People with frequent urination could experience other symptoms that may need further attention. These include:

• pain or discomfort while urinating
• blood in the urine
• loss of bladder control, or urinary incontinence
• an increase in urination urgency
• difficulty urinating despite the urge
• pain in the lower abdomen
• increased thirst
• fever
• nauseau, vomiting, or both
• vaginal or penile discharge

Frequent urination can also suggest an underlying condition, such as a kidney infection. Without treatment, this can permanently damage the kidneys. However, prompt treatment can resolve the infection and help prevent any complications.

A doctor will likely ask a person about their medical history, frequency of urination, and other symptoms.

They may also ask about:

• the pattern of frequent urination, for example when it started, how things have changed, and what time of day it occurs
• current medications
• how much fluid a person consumes
• any changes in the color, smell, or consistency of the urine
• how much caffeine and alcohol the individual consumes and whether this has recently changed

A healthcare professional may also perform a physical exam and order tests. These include:

• a urine analysis
• an ultrasound
• an X-ray or CT scan of the abdomen and pelvic area
• neurological tests
• STI tests
• blood tests

Urodynamic tests

Urodynamic tests check how well the bladder can hold and release urine. They also examine the function of the urethra.

Simple observations include:

• recording the time it takes to produce a urinary stream
• noting the amount of urine a person’s body produces
• gauging the ability to stop urinating midstream

To obtain precise measurements, a health professional may use:

• imaging equipment to observe the bladder filling and emptying
• monitors to measure pressure inside the bladder
• sensors to record muscle and nerve activity

An individual may have to change their fluid intake or stop taking certain medications before the test. They may also need to arrive at the clinic with a full bladder.

Treatment options will depend on the underlying cause of a person’s frequent urination.

For example, if an individual has a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, doctors will devise a plan to manage their blood sugar levels. And if people have a kidney infection, the typical course of treatment is antibiotics and painkillers.

Additionally, individuals with a diagnosis of an overactive bladder may receive bladder control training, anticholinergic drugs, and other interventions.

If a person requires them, a doctor will prescribe and monitor medications. Training in behavioral techniques may also help.

Bladder training and exercises

Other treatments address frequent urination rather than an underlying cause. These include the below.

• Kegel exercises: These regular daily exercises, which people often perform during pregnancy, can strengthen the muscles of the pelvis and urethra and support the bladder. For best results, perform Kegel exercises 10–20 times per set, three times a day, for at least 4–8 weeks.
• Biofeedback therapy: A person combines this treatment with Kegel exercises to enable them to become more aware of how their body functions. This increased awareness can help them improve the control of their pelvic muscles.
• Bladder training: This involves training the bladder to hold urine longer.
• Monitoring fluid intake: This may reveal that drinking a lot at certain times is the main cause of frequent urination.

Consuming a balanced diet and maintaining an active lifestyle can help moderate a person’s urine output.

This may mean limiting alcohol and caffeine intake and cutting out foods that can irritate the bladder or act as a diuretic, such as chocolate, spicy foods, and artificial sweeteners.

Frequent urination is a common issue. Typically, a person urinates 6–7 times per day.

People with urinary frequency may experience other symptoms, such as dribbling, urgency, and abdominal pain. If they experience other symptoms –– or the condition affects their quality of life –– they can contact a doctor.

A healthcare professional can diagnose any underlying health conditions and prescribe an appropriate treatment.

Read the article in Spanish.

Causes, symptoms, and when to see a doctor

Frequent urination, or urinary frequency, means having the urge to pass urine often. It is often the result of drinking too much fluid but can indicate conditions such as urethritis or urinary tract infections.

Urinating is how the body removes waste fluids. Urine –– which contains water, uric acid, urea, and toxins –– stays in the bladder until it reaches a point of fullness. At this point, a person expels it from the body.

Most people urinate 6–7 times per day. Frequent urination, or urinary frequency, is when a person needs to urinate more than 7 times in 24 hours if they have consumed about 2 liters of fluid across that day.

Many people live with frequent urination. Although there is often a simple explanation for an individual’s urinary frequency, it can sometimes indicate a more serious condition. Early identification of the problem can lead to timely treatment, preventing possible complications.

Read more to learn about possible causes of frequent urination, its symptoms, and when to contact a doctor.

Urination is a complex process involving various body systems. This means several factors things can cause issues with this bodily process.

Lifestyle causes include drinking a lot of fluids, especially those containing caffeine or alcohol. At night, this can interrupt the sleep cycle with urges to urinate, which doctors call nocturia.

However, frequent urination can also indicate an underlying problem. Some of these may include kidney or ureter problems, urinary bladder problems, diabetes, and prostate gland problems.

Other causes or related factors can include:

• urinary tract infection
• urethritis
• pregnancy
• a tumor or mass in the pelvic area
• a bladder tumor
• interstitial cystitis, a type of inflammation of the bladder wall
• urinary tract stones
• certain medications, such as diuretics
• radiotherapy
• sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• neurological problems

The primary symptom of frequent urination is needing to urinate more often without an increase in urine output. At this point, the urinary frequency may negatively affect a person’s quality of life.

Depending on the underlying cause, people with frequent urination may also experience:

• dribbling after urinating
• abdominal pain
• urinary incontinence
• nocturia, or frequent urination at night
• painful urination

If frequent urination affects a person’s quality of life, they may wish to contact a doctor.

People with frequent urination could experience other symptoms that may need further attention. These include:

• pain or discomfort while urinating
• blood in the urine
• loss of bladder control, or urinary incontinence
• an increase in urination urgency
• difficulty urinating despite the urge
• pain in the lower abdomen
• increased thirst
• fever
• nauseau, vomiting, or both
• vaginal or penile discharge

Frequent urination can also suggest an underlying condition, such as a kidney infection. Without treatment, this can permanently damage the kidneys. However, prompt treatment can resolve the infection and help prevent any complications.

A doctor will likely ask a person about their medical history, frequency of urination, and other symptoms.

They may also ask about:

• the pattern of frequent urination, for example when it started, how things have changed, and what time of day it occurs
• current medications
• how much fluid a person consumes
• any changes in the color, smell, or consistency of the urine
• how much caffeine and alcohol the individual consumes and whether this has recently changed

A healthcare professional may also perform a physical exam and order tests. These include:

• a urine analysis
• an ultrasound
• an X-ray or CT scan of the abdomen and pelvic area
• neurological tests
• STI tests
• blood tests

Urodynamic tests

Urodynamic tests check how well the bladder can hold and release urine. They also examine the function of the urethra.

Simple observations include:

• recording the time it takes to produce a urinary stream
• noting the amount of urine a person’s body produces
• gauging the ability to stop urinating midstream

To obtain precise measurements, a health professional may use:

• imaging equipment to observe the bladder filling and emptying
• monitors to measure pressure inside the bladder
• sensors to record muscle and nerve activity

An individual may have to change their fluid intake or stop taking certain medications before the test. They may also need to arrive at the clinic with a full bladder.

Treatment options will depend on the underlying cause of a person’s frequent urination.

For example, if an individual has a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, doctors will devise a plan to manage their blood sugar levels. And if people have a kidney infection, the typical course of treatment is antibiotics and painkillers.

Additionally, individuals with a diagnosis of an overactive bladder may receive bladder control training, anticholinergic drugs, and other interventions.

If a person requires them, a doctor will prescribe and monitor medications. Training in behavioral techniques may also help.

Bladder training and exercises

Other treatments address frequent urination rather than an underlying cause. These include the below.

• Kegel exercises: These regular daily exercises, which people often perform during pregnancy, can strengthen the muscles of the pelvis and urethra and support the bladder. For best results, perform Kegel exercises 10–20 times per set, three times a day, for at least 4–8 weeks.
• Biofeedback therapy: A person combines this treatment with Kegel exercises to enable them to become more aware of how their body functions. This increased awareness can help them improve the control of their pelvic muscles.
• Bladder training: This involves training the bladder to hold urine longer.
• Monitoring fluid intake: This may reveal that drinking a lot at certain times is the main cause of frequent urination.

Consuming a balanced diet and maintaining an active lifestyle can help moderate a person’s urine output.

This may mean limiting alcohol and caffeine intake and cutting out foods that can irritate the bladder or act as a diuretic, such as chocolate, spicy foods, and artificial sweeteners.

Frequent urination is a common issue. Typically, a person urinates 6–7 times per day.

People with urinary frequency may experience other symptoms, such as dribbling, urgency, and abdominal pain. If they experience other symptoms –– or the condition affects their quality of life –– they can contact a doctor.

A healthcare professional can diagnose any underlying health conditions and prescribe an appropriate treatment.

Read the article in Spanish.

Frequent urination: possible causes | MedEx clinic in Moscow

Frequent urination is not always an alarming symptom. It is physiological and pathological. Increased urge to urinate can be caused by excessive fluid intake, physical activity, pregnancy. However, they are characteristic of a number of diseases.

The MedEx Personal Medicine Clinic offers an appointment with a urologist. A wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are at your service. Doctors work by appointment, so the reception is conducted without queues.

Causes and symptoms

The normal frequency of urination varies from person to person. On average, it ranges from 4 to 10 times during the day, once at night. If it has increased, first you should make sure that the changes are not physiological in nature: in this case, they will pass on their own.

Physiological reasons for frequent urination include:

• Hormonal changes. The levels of some hormones fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle and also change during menopause.
• Abundant fluid intake. If you drink a lot – due to heat, intense exercise or a special diet, frequent urination is inevitable.
• Pregnancy. Frequent urination during pregnancy is due to the fact that the uterus presses on the bladder, stimulating the frequent urge to empty it.
• High blood pressure, stress, hypothermia. This leads to more blood flowing to the kidneys, and the volume of urine produced increases.
• Pathological causes of frequent urination are caused by various diseases. In this case, the symptom does not go away on its own, but requires a visit to the doctor.
• General pathological causes include:
• Inflammatory diseases of the kidneys. Accompanied by pulling pain in the lower back, cloudy urine, an increase in overall body temperature.
• Urolithiasis. The formation of stones with localization in the kidneys and bladder. Urination becomes painful, possibly the appearance of impurities in the urine.
• Cystitis. Inflammatory process in the bladder, with pain and cutting during urination, and increased urging.
• Urethritis. Inflammation of the urethra is accompanied by general malaise, frequent urination without pain and a slight increase in body temperature.
• Diabetes mellitus. The volume of urine produced increases due to damage to the walls of blood vessels and impaired filtration capacity of the kidneys. It also increases the risk of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system.
• Other diseases. These include glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis of the bladder and genital organs, overactive bladder. It is also possible to increase urination under the influence of mental disorders.

In addition, there are specific pathological causes of frequent urination, characteristic only for women or only for men.

Frequent urination in women is often associated with weakness of the pelvic floor muscles, uterine fibroids, endometriosis. Also, the symptom is characteristic of many inflammatory and tumor processes of the female reproductive system.

Frequent urination in men can be caused by prostate adenoma, prostate cancer, prostatitis, sclerosis of the bladder neck. Possible symptoms include burning in the urethra, pain in the groin and lower back, and a feeling of an incomplete bladder. In a number of diseases, frequent urination is replaced by urinary retention.

Important! The information is for reference only. If you are experiencing one or more of the symptoms, make an appointment with your doctor.

Diagnosis

Determination of the causes of frequent urination begins with a thorough history taking. The doctor finds out how much the frequency of daytime and nighttime urges has increased, whether there are signs of urinary incontinence, pain, or other symptoms.

To clarify the diagnosis, functional and laboratory tests are carried out:

• Ultrasound;
• CT;
• MRI;
• urogenital screening;
• blood test for PSA hormone;
• blood glucose test;
• urinalysis;
• urinalysis according to Nechiporenko;
• urine culture.

Studies are needed to determine the root cause of frequent urge to urinate, to identify the causative agent of the infection, to assess the severity of the inflammatory process, if any.

Methods of treatment

The doctor determines how to treat the underlying disease, taking into account its nature and location. As a rule, an integrated approach is applied. The patient is prescribed drugs that normalize the act of urination, and also eliminate the root cause of the pathological symptom.

Inflammatory diseases are treated with a course of antibiotics. In diabetes, it is necessary to control the level of glucose with the help of drugs and a special diet. Gynecological diseases and prostate adenoma may require surgical intervention.

During the entire course of treatment and during the recovery period, it is recommended to follow a therapeutic diet with limited fluid intake. It is necessary to exclude spicy and salty foods, do not drink water before bedtime. As an adjuvant therapy, on the recommendation of a doctor, decoctions of medicinal herbs and plants can be used.

Doctor’s expert opinion

To prevent problems with urination, it is necessary to visit a urologist at least once a year, and if there are alarming symptoms, make an appointment unscheduled. The risk of developing diseases of the genitourinary system is reduced if you observe intimate hygiene, protect yourself during intercourse, and lead a healthy lifestyle.

Make an appointment for diagnosis and treatment of frequent urination in Moscow

MedEx offers to make an appointment with a urologist by phone or through your personal account on the website. During the registration, you can clarify the rules for preparing for the examination and other issues. The results of diagnostic procedures and laboratory tests are issued in digital form: this simplifies their use and analysis if it is necessary to involve related specialists.

Sources

1. Ilyina I.Yu., Dobrokhotova Yu.E. Peculiarities of urination in gynecological patients // MS. 2014. No. 19.

2. Apolikhina I.A., Chochueva A.S., Saidova A.S., Gorbunova E.A. Modern possibilities of drug treatment of overactive bladder in women // MS. 2017. No. 2.

3. Protoshchak V. V., Tsygan V. N., Shestaev A. Yu., Rassvetaev A. V., Kharitonov N. N., Matic A. I., Gulko A. M., Kulai D. G. Modern representation on the pathophysiology of nocturia // ECU. 2013. №3.

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