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Hives (urticaria): Causes, treatment, and symptoms
We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.
Hives are a red, raised, itchy skin rash that is sometimes triggered by an allergen. An allergen is something that produces an allergic reaction.
It is also known as urticaria, welts, weals, or nettle rash.
When an allergic reaction occurs, the body releases a protein called histamine. When histamine is released, the tiny blood vessels known as capillaries leak fluid. The fluid accumulates in the skin and causes a rash.
Hives affect around 20 percent of people at some time in their life.
It is not contagious.
Urticaria occurs when the body reacts to an allergen and releases histamine and other chemicals from under the surface of the skin.
The histamine and chemicals cause inflammation and fluid to accumulate under the skin, causing wheals.
Examples of known triggers include:
- medications, including some antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ACE inhibitors, used for high blood pressure
- foods, such nuts, shellfish, food additives, eggs, strawberries, and wheat products
- infections, including influenza, the common cold, glandular fever, and hepatitis B
- bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections and strep throat
- intestinal parasites
- extreme temperatures or changes in temperature
- high body temperature
- pet dander from dogs, cats, horses, and so on
- dust mites
- cockroaches and cockroach waste
- latex
- pollen
- some plants, including nettles, poison ivy, and poison oak
- insect bites and stings
- some chemicals
- chronic illness, such as thyroid disease or lupus
- sunlight exposure
- water on the skin
- scratching
- exercise
In over half of all cases, people never find the exact cause.
Chronic urticaria may start as an autoimmune response, but why it happens is unclear.
Share on PinterestAntihistamines treat acute hives, but antibiotics may be needed for chronic hives.
Treatment for acute urticaria includes non-sedating antihistamines taken regularly for several weeks.
Antihistamines, such as cetirizine or fexofenadine, help by blocking the effects of histamines and reducing the rash and stopping the itching.
Various antihistamines can be purchased in pharmacies or online.
Some antihistamines cause drowsiness, especially if the user also consumes alcohol. Some are not suitable during pregnancy unless prescribed by a doctor.
Patients with angioedema may need to see an allergist, an immunologist, or a dermatologist. Angioedema can cause potentially serious breathing difficulties.
If there is swelling of the tongue or lips, or if breathing becomes difficult, the doctor may prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector, for example, EpiPen, in case of emergencies.
Patients should avoid known triggers, if possible.
Chronic urticaria
Chronic urticaria can cause long-term discomfort, and sometimes complications can occur.
Treatment is different than that for acute urticaria.
Antibiotics, for example, Dapsone, can reduce redness and swelling.
Omalizumab, or Xolair, is an injectable drug that blocks immunoglobin E, a substance that plays a role in allergic responses. It can reduce symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria, a type of hives of unknown origin that can last for months or years.
Those with severe symptoms may need to see a specialist.
Acupuncture may help treat hives, but a systematic review published in 2016 concluded that “Acupuncture might be effective and safe for chronic urticaria in relieving symptoms, based on a low level of evidence.” The authors called for further studies to confirm findings.
Chronic hives can lead to severe discomfort, distress, and possibly depression. Stress, too, can aggravate hives, creating a vicious cycle. Patients who experience symptoms of depression should speak to a doctor.
Swellings, known as wheals, appear as a rash on the skin. They are usually pink or red, with an oval or round shape. They can range from a few millimeters to several inches across. They can be extremely itchy, and they have a red flare around them.
The wheals usually occur in batches, frequently on the face or the extremities, including the arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet, and toes.
Welts normally disappear within 24 hours, but new ones may form. They can appear on just one part of the body, or on several parts.
Symptoms normally disappear within 24 hours, but sometimes another weal appears as the last one fades.
In some cases, hives can continue for several days. People with chronic hives can have symptoms for months or years.
Anaphylaxis
Share on PinterestAnaphylaxis leads to severe breathing difficulties and potential unconsciousness. It is considered to be a medical emergency.
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can affect the whole body.
It can lead to serious breathing difficulties and a loss of consciousness. It can be fatal if not treated quickly. It is a medical emergency.
Immediate medical attention is needed if there is:
- nausea and vomiting
- swelling of the lining of the mouth, tongue, lips, and throat, causing breathing difficulty
- cold and clammy skin
- rapid heartbeat
- faintness or lightheadedness
- an unexpectedly abrupt feeling of intense anxiety
People with hives need to be alert for further symptoms which could indicate an anaphylactic reaction.
Triggers do not cause the problem, but they can aggravate symptoms, so patients should try to identify and avoid them.
This may include:
- abstaining from or cutting down on alcohol
- avoiding certain medications
- avoiding stress, if possible, perhaps with meditation or relaxation techniques
- choosing some soaps, skin creams, and detergents that are mild.
Avoiding certain foods may help. Foods known to trigger histamine production include spinach, fish, yogurt, fish, tomato, processed, meats, chocolate, and strawberries.
Tips to reduce the irritation caused by hives include:
- wearing loose, light clothing
- avoiding scratching
- use soaps for sensitive skin
- use a shower, fan, cold water, lotion, or cool compresses to cool the area
- take an oatmeal bath with tepid water
- avoid known triggers
Some sources recommend supplements such as quercetin and evening primrose oil, and vitamin C, D and others. It is important to speak to a doctor before using supplements, as these can trigger adverse reactions.
Keeping a record of flareups can help identify a trigger.
One cause of hives, or a factor that can make symptoms worse, is emotional stress.
A study in 2005 linked stressful life events, low family support, insomnia, and hives in 75 participants.
Other scientists have explained how “chronic stress can lead to dysregulation of the mediators and exacerbate underlying inflammatory disease pathophysiology.”
In other words, when a person is stressed, any inflammatory reactions are likely to be more severe in a person who is susceptible to a reaction. In this way, hives, or urticaria, can be linked to stress.
Hives, or urticaria, can be acute or chronic.
Acute urticaria is the most common type. Symptoms last less than 6 weeks, and they typically affect the face and neck, fingers, toes, and the genitals of males. However, any part of the body can be affected.
Chronic urticaria continues for more than 6 weeks. About 1 in every 1,000 people is estimated to experience chronic urticaria.
The exact cause is unknown, but it may link to the immune system. Viruses can also trigger hives. In some cases, it may relate to an underlying autoimmune disorder, such as thyroid disease or lupus.
Angioedema may also occur. This is similar to hives, but it affects the deeper layers of the skin.
Diagnosis will depend on the type of urticaria.
Acute urticaria
Share on PinterestIn acute urticaria, allergy testing can help to find a specific substance or trigger for the hives reaction.
A health professional can diagnose acute urticaria by examining the rash on the skin.
Pinpointing the trigger can help the patient prevent recurrences.
The doctor will probably ask about:
- when and where the episode began
- whether there has been an insect bite
- whether the patient lives or works in a place where potential triggers may exist, such as latex gloves, chemicals, or animals
- any medications the patient has been taking, including herbal supplements
- the patient’s medical history
- any family history of urticaria
Often, the trigger is unclear, but if there appears to be a specific trigger, the doctor may refer the patient to an allergy clinic.
Allergy clinics test the patient’s blood and skin to find out whether there is an allergy to specific substances, such as chemicals, dust mites, or some food.
Chronic urticaria
If the urticaria continues for more than 6 weeks, the trigger is probably not external, so experts do not recommend allergy tests at this point.
The following tests can check for underlying health conditions:
- blood test to check for anemia
- stool sample to identify any parasites
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test, to identify problems with the immune system
- thyroid function test to assess for an overactive thyroid, known as hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid
- liver function tests, in case there are liver problems
Factors that may worsen the existing urticaria include:
Hives (urticaria): Causes, treatment, and symptoms
We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.
Hives are a red, raised, itchy skin rash that is sometimes triggered by an allergen. An allergen is something that produces an allergic reaction.
It is also known as urticaria, welts, weals, or nettle rash.
When an allergic reaction occurs, the body releases a protein called histamine. When histamine is released, the tiny blood vessels known as capillaries leak fluid. The fluid accumulates in the skin and causes a rash.
Hives affect around 20 percent of people at some time in their life.
It is not contagious.
Urticaria occurs when the body reacts to an allergen and releases histamine and other chemicals from under the surface of the skin.
The histamine and chemicals cause inflammation and fluid to accumulate under the skin, causing wheals.
Examples of known triggers include:
- medications, including some antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ACE inhibitors, used for high blood pressure
- foods, such nuts, shellfish, food additives, eggs, strawberries, and wheat products
- infections, including influenza, the common cold, glandular fever, and hepatitis B
- bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections and strep throat
- intestinal parasites
- extreme temperatures or changes in temperature
- high body temperature
- pet dander from dogs, cats, horses, and so on
- dust mites
- cockroaches and cockroach waste
- latex
- pollen
- some plants, including nettles, poison ivy, and poison oak
- insect bites and stings
- some chemicals
- chronic illness, such as thyroid disease or lupus
- sunlight exposure
- water on the skin
- scratching
- exercise
In over half of all cases, people never find the exact cause.
Chronic urticaria may start as an autoimmune response, but why it happens is unclear.
Share on PinterestAntihistamines treat acute hives, but antibiotics may be needed for chronic hives.
Treatment for acute urticaria includes non-sedating antihistamines taken regularly for several weeks.
Antihistamines, such as cetirizine or fexofenadine, help by blocking the effects of histamines and reducing the rash and stopping the itching.
Various antihistamines can be purchased in pharmacies or online.
Some antihistamines cause drowsiness, especially if the user also consumes alcohol. Some are not suitable during pregnancy unless prescribed by a doctor.
Patients with angioedema may need to see an allergist, an immunologist, or a dermatologist. Angioedema can cause potentially serious breathing difficulties.
If there is swelling of the tongue or lips, or if breathing becomes difficult, the doctor may prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector, for example, EpiPen, in case of emergencies.
Patients should avoid known triggers, if possible.
Chronic urticaria
Chronic urticaria can cause long-term discomfort, and sometimes complications can occur.
Treatment is different than that for acute urticaria.
Antibiotics, for example, Dapsone, can reduce redness and swelling.
Omalizumab, or Xolair, is an injectable drug that blocks immunoglobin E, a substance that plays a role in allergic responses. It can reduce symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria, a type of hives of unknown origin that can last for months or years.
Those with severe symptoms may need to see a specialist.
Acupuncture may help treat hives, but a systematic review published in 2016 concluded that “Acupuncture might be effective and safe for chronic urticaria in relieving symptoms, based on a low level of evidence.” The authors called for further studies to confirm findings.
Chronic hives can lead to severe discomfort, distress, and possibly depression. Stress, too, can aggravate hives, creating a vicious cycle. Patients who experience symptoms of depression should speak to a doctor.
Swellings, known as wheals, appear as a rash on the skin. They are usually pink or red, with an oval or round shape. They can range from a few millimeters to several inches across. They can be extremely itchy, and they have a red flare around them.
The wheals usually occur in batches, frequently on the face or the extremities, including the arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet, and toes.
Welts normally disappear within 24 hours, but new ones may form. They can appear on just one part of the body, or on several parts.
Symptoms normally disappear within 24 hours, but sometimes another weal appears as the last one fades.
In some cases, hives can continue for several days. People with chronic hives can have symptoms for months or years.
Anaphylaxis
Share on PinterestAnaphylaxis leads to severe breathing difficulties and potential unconsciousness. It is considered to be a medical emergency.
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can affect the whole body.
It can lead to serious breathing difficulties and a loss of consciousness. It can be fatal if not treated quickly. It is a medical emergency.
Immediate medical attention is needed if there is:
- nausea and vomiting
- swelling of the lining of the mouth, tongue, lips, and throat, causing breathing difficulty
- cold and clammy skin
- rapid heartbeat
- faintness or lightheadedness
- an unexpectedly abrupt feeling of intense anxiety
People with hives need to be alert for further symptoms which could indicate an anaphylactic reaction.
Triggers do not cause the problem, but they can aggravate symptoms, so patients should try to identify and avoid them.
This may include:
- abstaining from or cutting down on alcohol
- avoiding certain medications
- avoiding stress, if possible, perhaps with meditation or relaxation techniques
- choosing some soaps, skin creams, and detergents that are mild.
Avoiding certain foods may help. Foods known to trigger histamine production include spinach, fish, yogurt, fish, tomato, processed, meats, chocolate, and strawberries.
Tips to reduce the irritation caused by hives include:
- wearing loose, light clothing
- avoiding scratching
- use soaps for sensitive skin
- use a shower, fan, cold water, lotion, or cool compresses to cool the area
- take an oatmeal bath with tepid water
- avoid known triggers
Some sources recommend supplements such as quercetin and evening primrose oil, and vitamin C, D and others. It is important to speak to a doctor before using supplements, as these can trigger adverse reactions.
Keeping a record of flareups can help identify a trigger.
One cause of hives, or a factor that can make symptoms worse, is emotional stress.
A study in 2005 linked stressful life events, low family support, insomnia, and hives in 75 participants.
Other scientists have explained how “chronic stress can lead to dysregulation of the mediators and exacerbate underlying inflammatory disease pathophysiology.”
In other words, when a person is stressed, any inflammatory reactions are likely to be more severe in a person who is susceptible to a reaction. In this way, hives, or urticaria, can be linked to stress.
Hives, or urticaria, can be acute or chronic.
Acute urticaria is the most common type. Symptoms last less than 6 weeks, and they typically affect the face and neck, fingers, toes, and the genitals of males. However, any part of the body can be affected.
Chronic urticaria continues for more than 6 weeks. About 1 in every 1,000 people is estimated to experience chronic urticaria.
The exact cause is unknown, but it may link to the immune system. Viruses can also trigger hives. In some cases, it may relate to an underlying autoimmune disorder, such as thyroid disease or lupus.
Angioedema may also occur. This is similar to hives, but it affects the deeper layers of the skin.
Diagnosis will depend on the type of urticaria.
Acute urticaria
Share on PinterestIn acute urticaria, allergy testing can help to find a specific substance or trigger for the hives reaction.
A health professional can diagnose acute urticaria by examining the rash on the skin.
Pinpointing the trigger can help the patient prevent recurrences.
The doctor will probably ask about:
- when and where the episode began
- whether there has been an insect bite
- whether the patient lives or works in a place where potential triggers may exist, such as latex gloves, chemicals, or animals
- any medications the patient has been taking, including herbal supplements
- the patient’s medical history
- any family history of urticaria
Often, the trigger is unclear, but if there appears to be a specific trigger, the doctor may refer the patient to an allergy clinic.
Allergy clinics test the patient’s blood and skin to find out whether there is an allergy to specific substances, such as chemicals, dust mites, or some food.
Chronic urticaria
If the urticaria continues for more than 6 weeks, the trigger is probably not external, so experts do not recommend allergy tests at this point.
The following tests can check for underlying health conditions:
- blood test to check for anemia
- stool sample to identify any parasites
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test, to identify problems with the immune system
- thyroid function test to assess for an overactive thyroid, known as hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid
- liver function tests, in case there are liver problems
Factors that may worsen the existing urticaria include:
Hives (urticaria): Causes, treatment, and symptoms
We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.
Hives are a red, raised, itchy skin rash that is sometimes triggered by an allergen. An allergen is something that produces an allergic reaction.
It is also known as urticaria, welts, weals, or nettle rash.
When an allergic reaction occurs, the body releases a protein called histamine. When histamine is released, the tiny blood vessels known as capillaries leak fluid. The fluid accumulates in the skin and causes a rash.
Hives affect around 20 percent of people at some time in their life.
It is not contagious.
Urticaria occurs when the body reacts to an allergen and releases histamine and other chemicals from under the surface of the skin.
The histamine and chemicals cause inflammation and fluid to accumulate under the skin, causing wheals.
Examples of known triggers include:
- medications, including some antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ACE inhibitors, used for high blood pressure
- foods, such nuts, shellfish, food additives, eggs, strawberries, and wheat products
- infections, including influenza, the common cold, glandular fever, and hepatitis B
- bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections and strep throat
- intestinal parasites
- extreme temperatures or changes in temperature
- high body temperature
- pet dander from dogs, cats, horses, and so on
- dust mites
- cockroaches and cockroach waste
- latex
- pollen
- some plants, including nettles, poison ivy, and poison oak
- insect bites and stings
- some chemicals
- chronic illness, such as thyroid disease or lupus
- sunlight exposure
- water on the skin
- scratching
- exercise
In over half of all cases, people never find the exact cause.
Chronic urticaria may start as an autoimmune response, but why it happens is unclear.
Share on PinterestAntihistamines treat acute hives, but antibiotics may be needed for chronic hives.
Treatment for acute urticaria includes non-sedating antihistamines taken regularly for several weeks.
Antihistamines, such as cetirizine or fexofenadine, help by blocking the effects of histamines and reducing the rash and stopping the itching.
Various antihistamines can be purchased in pharmacies or online.
Some antihistamines cause drowsiness, especially if the user also consumes alcohol. Some are not suitable during pregnancy unless prescribed by a doctor.
Patients with angioedema may need to see an allergist, an immunologist, or a dermatologist. Angioedema can cause potentially serious breathing difficulties.
If there is swelling of the tongue or lips, or if breathing becomes difficult, the doctor may prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector, for example, EpiPen, in case of emergencies.
Patients should avoid known triggers, if possible.
Chronic urticaria
Chronic urticaria can cause long-term discomfort, and sometimes complications can occur.
Treatment is different than that for acute urticaria.
Antibiotics, for example, Dapsone, can reduce redness and swelling.
Omalizumab, or Xolair, is an injectable drug that blocks immunoglobin E, a substance that plays a role in allergic responses. It can reduce symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria, a type of hives of unknown origin that can last for months or years.
Those with severe symptoms may need to see a specialist.
Acupuncture may help treat hives, but a systematic review published in 2016 concluded that “Acupuncture might be effective and safe for chronic urticaria in relieving symptoms, based on a low level of evidence.” The authors called for further studies to confirm findings.
Chronic hives can lead to severe discomfort, distress, and possibly depression. Stress, too, can aggravate hives, creating a vicious cycle. Patients who experience symptoms of depression should speak to a doctor.
Swellings, known as wheals, appear as a rash on the skin. They are usually pink or red, with an oval or round shape. They can range from a few millimeters to several inches across. They can be extremely itchy, and they have a red flare around them.
The wheals usually occur in batches, frequently on the face or the extremities, including the arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet, and toes.
Welts normally disappear within 24 hours, but new ones may form. They can appear on just one part of the body, or on several parts.
Symptoms normally disappear within 24 hours, but sometimes another weal appears as the last one fades.
In some cases, hives can continue for several days. People with chronic hives can have symptoms for months or years.
Anaphylaxis
Share on PinterestAnaphylaxis leads to severe breathing difficulties and potential unconsciousness. It is considered to be a medical emergency.
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can affect the whole body.
It can lead to serious breathing difficulties and a loss of consciousness. It can be fatal if not treated quickly. It is a medical emergency.
Immediate medical attention is needed if there is:
- nausea and vomiting
- swelling of the lining of the mouth, tongue, lips, and throat, causing breathing difficulty
- cold and clammy skin
- rapid heartbeat
- faintness or lightheadedness
- an unexpectedly abrupt feeling of intense anxiety
People with hives need to be alert for further symptoms which could indicate an anaphylactic reaction.
Triggers do not cause the problem, but they can aggravate symptoms, so patients should try to identify and avoid them.
This may include:
- abstaining from or cutting down on alcohol
- avoiding certain medications
- avoiding stress, if possible, perhaps with meditation or relaxation techniques
- choosing some soaps, skin creams, and detergents that are mild.
Avoiding certain foods may help. Foods known to trigger histamine production include spinach, fish, yogurt, fish, tomato, processed, meats, chocolate, and strawberries.
Tips to reduce the irritation caused by hives include:
- wearing loose, light clothing
- avoiding scratching
- use soaps for sensitive skin
- use a shower, fan, cold water, lotion, or cool compresses to cool the area
- take an oatmeal bath with tepid water
- avoid known triggers
Some sources recommend supplements such as quercetin and evening primrose oil, and vitamin C, D and others. It is important to speak to a doctor before using supplements, as these can trigger adverse reactions.
Keeping a record of flareups can help identify a trigger.
One cause of hives, or a factor that can make symptoms worse, is emotional stress.
A study in 2005 linked stressful life events, low family support, insomnia, and hives in 75 participants.
Other scientists have explained how “chronic stress can lead to dysregulation of the mediators and exacerbate underlying inflammatory disease pathophysiology.”
In other words, when a person is stressed, any inflammatory reactions are likely to be more severe in a person who is susceptible to a reaction. In this way, hives, or urticaria, can be linked to stress.
Hives, or urticaria, can be acute or chronic.
Acute urticaria is the most common type. Symptoms last less than 6 weeks, and they typically affect the face and neck, fingers, toes, and the genitals of males. However, any part of the body can be affected.
Chronic urticaria continues for more than 6 weeks. About 1 in every 1,000 people is estimated to experience chronic urticaria.
The exact cause is unknown, but it may link to the immune system. Viruses can also trigger hives. In some cases, it may relate to an underlying autoimmune disorder, such as thyroid disease or lupus.
Angioedema may also occur. This is similar to hives, but it affects the deeper layers of the skin.
Diagnosis will depend on the type of urticaria.
Acute urticaria
Share on PinterestIn acute urticaria, allergy testing can help to find a specific substance or trigger for the hives reaction.
A health professional can diagnose acute urticaria by examining the rash on the skin.
Pinpointing the trigger can help the patient prevent recurrences.
The doctor will probably ask about:
- when and where the episode began
- whether there has been an insect bite
- whether the patient lives or works in a place where potential triggers may exist, such as latex gloves, chemicals, or animals
- any medications the patient has been taking, including herbal supplements
- the patient’s medical history
- any family history of urticaria
Often, the trigger is unclear, but if there appears to be a specific trigger, the doctor may refer the patient to an allergy clinic.
Allergy clinics test the patient’s blood and skin to find out whether there is an allergy to specific substances, such as chemicals, dust mites, or some food.
Chronic urticaria
If the urticaria continues for more than 6 weeks, the trigger is probably not external, so experts do not recommend allergy tests at this point.
The following tests can check for underlying health conditions:
- blood test to check for anemia
- stool sample to identify any parasites
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test, to identify problems with the immune system
- thyroid function test to assess for an overactive thyroid, known as hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid
- liver function tests, in case there are liver problems
Factors that may worsen the existing urticaria include:
Hives (urticaria): Causes, treatment, and symptoms
We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.
Hives are a red, raised, itchy skin rash that is sometimes triggered by an allergen. An allergen is something that produces an allergic reaction.
It is also known as urticaria, welts, weals, or nettle rash.
When an allergic reaction occurs, the body releases a protein called histamine. When histamine is released, the tiny blood vessels known as capillaries leak fluid. The fluid accumulates in the skin and causes a rash.
Hives affect around 20 percent of people at some time in their life.
It is not contagious.
Urticaria occurs when the body reacts to an allergen and releases histamine and other chemicals from under the surface of the skin.
The histamine and chemicals cause inflammation and fluid to accumulate under the skin, causing wheals.
Examples of known triggers include:
- medications, including some antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ACE inhibitors, used for high blood pressure
- foods, such nuts, shellfish, food additives, eggs, strawberries, and wheat products
- infections, including influenza, the common cold, glandular fever, and hepatitis B
- bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections and strep throat
- intestinal parasites
- extreme temperatures or changes in temperature
- high body temperature
- pet dander from dogs, cats, horses, and so on
- dust mites
- cockroaches and cockroach waste
- latex
- pollen
- some plants, including nettles, poison ivy, and poison oak
- insect bites and stings
- some chemicals
- chronic illness, such as thyroid disease or lupus
- sunlight exposure
- water on the skin
- scratching
- exercise
In over half of all cases, people never find the exact cause.
Chronic urticaria may start as an autoimmune response, but why it happens is unclear.
Share on PinterestAntihistamines treat acute hives, but antibiotics may be needed for chronic hives.
Treatment for acute urticaria includes non-sedating antihistamines taken regularly for several weeks.
Antihistamines, such as cetirizine or fexofenadine, help by blocking the effects of histamines and reducing the rash and stopping the itching.
Various antihistamines can be purchased in pharmacies or online.
Some antihistamines cause drowsiness, especially if the user also consumes alcohol. Some are not suitable during pregnancy unless prescribed by a doctor.
Patients with angioedema may need to see an allergist, an immunologist, or a dermatologist. Angioedema can cause potentially serious breathing difficulties.
If there is swelling of the tongue or lips, or if breathing becomes difficult, the doctor may prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector, for example, EpiPen, in case of emergencies.
Patients should avoid known triggers, if possible.
Chronic urticaria
Chronic urticaria can cause long-term discomfort, and sometimes complications can occur.
Treatment is different than that for acute urticaria.
Antibiotics, for example, Dapsone, can reduce redness and swelling.
Omalizumab, or Xolair, is an injectable drug that blocks immunoglobin E, a substance that plays a role in allergic responses. It can reduce symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria, a type of hives of unknown origin that can last for months or years.
Those with severe symptoms may need to see a specialist.
Acupuncture may help treat hives, but a systematic review published in 2016 concluded that “Acupuncture might be effective and safe for chronic urticaria in relieving symptoms, based on a low level of evidence.” The authors called for further studies to confirm findings.
Chronic hives can lead to severe discomfort, distress, and possibly depression. Stress, too, can aggravate hives, creating a vicious cycle. Patients who experience symptoms of depression should speak to a doctor.
Swellings, known as wheals, appear as a rash on the skin. They are usually pink or red, with an oval or round shape. They can range from a few millimeters to several inches across. They can be extremely itchy, and they have a red flare around them.
The wheals usually occur in batches, frequently on the face or the extremities, including the arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet, and toes.
Welts normally disappear within 24 hours, but new ones may form. They can appear on just one part of the body, or on several parts.
Symptoms normally disappear within 24 hours, but sometimes another weal appears as the last one fades.
In some cases, hives can continue for several days. People with chronic hives can have symptoms for months or years.
Anaphylaxis
Share on PinterestAnaphylaxis leads to severe breathing difficulties and potential unconsciousness. It is considered to be a medical emergency.
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can affect the whole body.
It can lead to serious breathing difficulties and a loss of consciousness. It can be fatal if not treated quickly. It is a medical emergency.
Immediate medical attention is needed if there is:
- nausea and vomiting
- swelling of the lining of the mouth, tongue, lips, and throat, causing breathing difficulty
- cold and clammy skin
- rapid heartbeat
- faintness or lightheadedness
- an unexpectedly abrupt feeling of intense anxiety
People with hives need to be alert for further symptoms which could indicate an anaphylactic reaction.
Triggers do not cause the problem, but they can aggravate symptoms, so patients should try to identify and avoid them.
This may include:
- abstaining from or cutting down on alcohol
- avoiding certain medications
- avoiding stress, if possible, perhaps with meditation or relaxation techniques
- choosing some soaps, skin creams, and detergents that are mild.
Avoiding certain foods may help. Foods known to trigger histamine production include spinach, fish, yogurt, fish, tomato, processed, meats, chocolate, and strawberries.
Tips to reduce the irritation caused by hives include:
- wearing loose, light clothing
- avoiding scratching
- use soaps for sensitive skin
- use a shower, fan, cold water, lotion, or cool compresses to cool the area
- take an oatmeal bath with tepid water
- avoid known triggers
Some sources recommend supplements such as quercetin and evening primrose oil, and vitamin C, D and others. It is important to speak to a doctor before using supplements, as these can trigger adverse reactions.
Keeping a record of flareups can help identify a trigger.
One cause of hives, or a factor that can make symptoms worse, is emotional stress.
A study in 2005 linked stressful life events, low family support, insomnia, and hives in 75 participants.
Other scientists have explained how “chronic stress can lead to dysregulation of the mediators and exacerbate underlying inflammatory disease pathophysiology.”
In other words, when a person is stressed, any inflammatory reactions are likely to be more severe in a person who is susceptible to a reaction. In this way, hives, or urticaria, can be linked to stress.
Hives, or urticaria, can be acute or chronic.
Acute urticaria is the most common type. Symptoms last less than 6 weeks, and they typically affect the face and neck, fingers, toes, and the genitals of males. However, any part of the body can be affected.
Chronic urticaria continues for more than 6 weeks. About 1 in every 1,000 people is estimated to experience chronic urticaria.
The exact cause is unknown, but it may link to the immune system. Viruses can also trigger hives. In some cases, it may relate to an underlying autoimmune disorder, such as thyroid disease or lupus.
Angioedema may also occur. This is similar to hives, but it affects the deeper layers of the skin.
Diagnosis will depend on the type of urticaria.
Acute urticaria
Share on PinterestIn acute urticaria, allergy testing can help to find a specific substance or trigger for the hives reaction.
A health professional can diagnose acute urticaria by examining the rash on the skin.
Pinpointing the trigger can help the patient prevent recurrences.
The doctor will probably ask about:
- when and where the episode began
- whether there has been an insect bite
- whether the patient lives or works in a place where potential triggers may exist, such as latex gloves, chemicals, or animals
- any medications the patient has been taking, including herbal supplements
- the patient’s medical history
- any family history of urticaria
Often, the trigger is unclear, but if there appears to be a specific trigger, the doctor may refer the patient to an allergy clinic.
Allergy clinics test the patient’s blood and skin to find out whether there is an allergy to specific substances, such as chemicals, dust mites, or some food.
Chronic urticaria
If the urticaria continues for more than 6 weeks, the trigger is probably not external, so experts do not recommend allergy tests at this point.
The following tests can check for underlying health conditions:
- blood test to check for anemia
- stool sample to identify any parasites
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test, to identify problems with the immune system
- thyroid function test to assess for an overactive thyroid, known as hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid
- liver function tests, in case there are liver problems
Factors that may worsen the existing urticaria include:
Hives (urticaria): Causes, treatment, and symptoms
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Hives are a red, raised, itchy skin rash that is sometimes triggered by an allergen. An allergen is something that produces an allergic reaction.
It is also known as urticaria, welts, weals, or nettle rash.
When an allergic reaction occurs, the body releases a protein called histamine. When histamine is released, the tiny blood vessels known as capillaries leak fluid. The fluid accumulates in the skin and causes a rash.
Hives affect around 20 percent of people at some time in their life.
It is not contagious.
Urticaria occurs when the body reacts to an allergen and releases histamine and other chemicals from under the surface of the skin.
The histamine and chemicals cause inflammation and fluid to accumulate under the skin, causing wheals.
Examples of known triggers include:
- medications, including some antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ACE inhibitors, used for high blood pressure
- foods, such nuts, shellfish, food additives, eggs, strawberries, and wheat products
- infections, including influenza, the common cold, glandular fever, and hepatitis B
- bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections and strep throat
- intestinal parasites
- extreme temperatures or changes in temperature
- high body temperature
- pet dander from dogs, cats, horses, and so on
- dust mites
- cockroaches and cockroach waste
- latex
- pollen
- some plants, including nettles, poison ivy, and poison oak
- insect bites and stings
- some chemicals
- chronic illness, such as thyroid disease or lupus
- sunlight exposure
- water on the skin
- scratching
- exercise
In over half of all cases, people never find the exact cause.
Chronic urticaria may start as an autoimmune response, but why it happens is unclear.
Share on PinterestAntihistamines treat acute hives, but antibiotics may be needed for chronic hives.
Treatment for acute urticaria includes non-sedating antihistamines taken regularly for several weeks.
Antihistamines, such as cetirizine or fexofenadine, help by blocking the effects of histamines and reducing the rash and stopping the itching.
Various antihistamines can be purchased in pharmacies or online.
Some antihistamines cause drowsiness, especially if the user also consumes alcohol. Some are not suitable during pregnancy unless prescribed by a doctor.
Patients with angioedema may need to see an allergist, an immunologist, or a dermatologist. Angioedema can cause potentially serious breathing difficulties.
If there is swelling of the tongue or lips, or if breathing becomes difficult, the doctor may prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector, for example, EpiPen, in case of emergencies.
Patients should avoid known triggers, if possible.
Chronic urticaria
Chronic urticaria can cause long-term discomfort, and sometimes complications can occur.
Treatment is different than that for acute urticaria.
Antibiotics, for example, Dapsone, can reduce redness and swelling.
Omalizumab, or Xolair, is an injectable drug that blocks immunoglobin E, a substance that plays a role in allergic responses. It can reduce symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria, a type of hives of unknown origin that can last for months or years.
Those with severe symptoms may need to see a specialist.
Acupuncture may help treat hives, but a systematic review published in 2016 concluded that “Acupuncture might be effective and safe for chronic urticaria in relieving symptoms, based on a low level of evidence.” The authors called for further studies to confirm findings.
Chronic hives can lead to severe discomfort, distress, and possibly depression. Stress, too, can aggravate hives, creating a vicious cycle. Patients who experience symptoms of depression should speak to a doctor.
Swellings, known as wheals, appear as a rash on the skin. They are usually pink or red, with an oval or round shape. They can range from a few millimeters to several inches across. They can be extremely itchy, and they have a red flare around them.
The wheals usually occur in batches, frequently on the face or the extremities, including the arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet, and toes.
Welts normally disappear within 24 hours, but new ones may form. They can appear on just one part of the body, or on several parts.
Symptoms normally disappear within 24 hours, but sometimes another weal appears as the last one fades.
In some cases, hives can continue for several days. People with chronic hives can have symptoms for months or years.
Anaphylaxis
Share on PinterestAnaphylaxis leads to severe breathing difficulties and potential unconsciousness. It is considered to be a medical emergency.
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can affect the whole body.
It can lead to serious breathing difficulties and a loss of consciousness. It can be fatal if not treated quickly. It is a medical emergency.
Immediate medical attention is needed if there is:
- nausea and vomiting
- swelling of the lining of the mouth, tongue, lips, and throat, causing breathing difficulty
- cold and clammy skin
- rapid heartbeat
- faintness or lightheadedness
- an unexpectedly abrupt feeling of intense anxiety
People with hives need to be alert for further symptoms which could indicate an anaphylactic reaction.
Triggers do not cause the problem, but they can aggravate symptoms, so patients should try to identify and avoid them.
This may include:
- abstaining from or cutting down on alcohol
- avoiding certain medications
- avoiding stress, if possible, perhaps with meditation or relaxation techniques
- choosing some soaps, skin creams, and detergents that are mild.
Avoiding certain foods may help. Foods known to trigger histamine production include spinach, fish, yogurt, fish, tomato, processed, meats, chocolate, and strawberries.
Tips to reduce the irritation caused by hives include:
- wearing loose, light clothing
- avoiding scratching
- use soaps for sensitive skin
- use a shower, fan, cold water, lotion, or cool compresses to cool the area
- take an oatmeal bath with tepid water
- avoid known triggers
Some sources recommend supplements such as quercetin and evening primrose oil, and vitamin C, D and others. It is important to speak to a doctor before using supplements, as these can trigger adverse reactions.
Keeping a record of flareups can help identify a trigger.
One cause of hives, or a factor that can make symptoms worse, is emotional stress.
A study in 2005 linked stressful life events, low family support, insomnia, and hives in 75 participants.
Other scientists have explained how “chronic stress can lead to dysregulation of the mediators and exacerbate underlying inflammatory disease pathophysiology.”
In other words, when a person is stressed, any inflammatory reactions are likely to be more severe in a person who is susceptible to a reaction. In this way, hives, or urticaria, can be linked to stress.
Hives, or urticaria, can be acute or chronic.
Acute urticaria is the most common type. Symptoms last less than 6 weeks, and they typically affect the face and neck, fingers, toes, and the genitals of males. However, any part of the body can be affected.
Chronic urticaria continues for more than 6 weeks. About 1 in every 1,000 people is estimated to experience chronic urticaria.
The exact cause is unknown, but it may link to the immune system. Viruses can also trigger hives. In some cases, it may relate to an underlying autoimmune disorder, such as thyroid disease or lupus.
Angioedema may also occur. This is similar to hives, but it affects the deeper layers of the skin.
Diagnosis will depend on the type of urticaria.
Acute urticaria
Share on PinterestIn acute urticaria, allergy testing can help to find a specific substance or trigger for the hives reaction.
A health professional can diagnose acute urticaria by examining the rash on the skin.
Pinpointing the trigger can help the patient prevent recurrences.
The doctor will probably ask about:
- when and where the episode began
- whether there has been an insect bite
- whether the patient lives or works in a place where potential triggers may exist, such as latex gloves, chemicals, or animals
- any medications the patient has been taking, including herbal supplements
- the patient’s medical history
- any family history of urticaria
Often, the trigger is unclear, but if there appears to be a specific trigger, the doctor may refer the patient to an allergy clinic.
Allergy clinics test the patient’s blood and skin to find out whether there is an allergy to specific substances, such as chemicals, dust mites, or some food.
Chronic urticaria
If the urticaria continues for more than 6 weeks, the trigger is probably not external, so experts do not recommend allergy tests at this point.
The following tests can check for underlying health conditions:
- blood test to check for anemia
- stool sample to identify any parasites
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test, to identify problems with the immune system
- thyroid function test to assess for an overactive thyroid, known as hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid
- liver function tests, in case there are liver problems
Factors that may worsen the existing urticaria include:
Allergic reactions and rashes: Causes, diagnosis, and treatment
Allergic reactions often cause rashes. The rash may vary in size and severity, depending on its cause. Poison ivy, fragrances, and medications are some common substances that can cause an allergic rash.
A person can treat most allergic reaction rashes at home with over-the-counter (OTC) medications. However, if someone is having difficulty breathing during an allergic reaction, they require medical attention.
In this article, we examine the different causes of rashes from allergic reactions, how to treat and prevent them, and when to see a doctor.
An allergic reaction occurs when a person’s immune system becomes overly sensitive to a typically harmless substance, or allergen.
The World Allergy Organization (WAO) estimate that globally between 10–40% of all individuals experience some type of allergic reaction.
Allergens can enter the body in several ways. These include:
- through contact with the skin
- by mouth, through swallowing or eating
- through an injection
- when inhaled
Once an allergen enters the body, it can trigger an inflammatory response, which may include a rash on the skin.
Contact dermatitis occurs when a person touches something they are allergic to. Typically, a person needs to come into contact with the allergen repeated times before a reaction occurs. The rash can appear anywhere from 24–48 hours later.
Almost any substance in the environment can trigger an allergic reaction with a rash. We list some of the most common below.
Poisonous plants
The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA) state that poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are the most common triggers of contact dermatitis.
Within a few days of contact with one of these plants, a person may develop a bumpy, itchy red rash. The rash typically forms a line on the arms, legs, or areas where the plant oil has touched the skin.
The rash may continue to develop over several days and form small fluid-filled blisters. People may spread the rash by touching non-affected areas after affected ones.
Chemicals
Several chemicals can cause an allergic reaction when they come into contact with a person’s skin. These include:
A chemical rash often resembles a burn. It may present with swelling or blistering, or have oval-shaped flaky or dry patches.
The allergic reaction is usually limited to the area of the skin that directly touched the allergen.
Medications
Any drug may cause an allergic reaction. The most According to a 2019 article, common medications that can cause an allergic rash include:
During immediate reactions, the rash will usually consist of hives, which are raised red lesions on the skin.
A medication reaction often starts on the trunk and may spread to the arms, legs, palms, soles, and the mouth. This type of rash onset occurs soon after taking medicine.
Other delayed reactions and rashes can occur between days to weeks later. An allergic reaction can occur even after a person stops taking the medication. Topical antibiotics, such as neomycin and bacitracin, can also cause contact dermatitis.
Foods and food additives
A food allergy reaction is most often associated with hives or swelling. The foods that cause most allergic reactions include:
- peanuts
- soy
- wheat
- milk
- tree nuts (walnuts, almonds, pine nuts, brazil nuts, pecans, cashews, pistachios)
- eggs
- fish and shellfish
- sesame
Respiratory allergens
While rarer, a person may develop hives when they inhale an allergen. Examples of respiratory allergens include:
- pollen
- mold spores
- dust mites
- animal dander
Other symptoms
In addition to a rash, other symptoms that can occur with an allergic reaction may include:
- itching
- pain
- a burning sensation
- a low grade fever
- swelling
- wheezing or shortness of breath
A healthcare professional can usually diagnose a rash caused by an allergic reaction by obtaining a person’s medical history and examining the rash.
Other tests that can help determine the cause of an allergic rash may include a punch biopsy or allergy skin tests.
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI) say that once an allergic reaction starts, it may take 14–28 days to go away, even with treatment (depending on the type of reaction).
Treatment options include:
- corticosteroid creams
- nonsteroidal creams
- cool compresses
- oatmeal baths
- OTC anti-itch lotions such as calamine
- OTC antihistamines, such a Benadryl or Zyrtec
- prescription oral steroid medications, such as prednisone
- epinephrine injection
Babies have sensitive skin and may develop an allergic rash in response to soaps, animal dander, or nickel. Babies may also experience an allergic reaction to an antibiotic or new food.
An allergic rash may appear anywhere on a baby’s skin. The rash may appear as:
- clusters of tiny red bumps
- scaly, dry skin
- patches of red in skin folds
- hives
A person should see a doctor if their rash:
- starts suddenly and spreads quickly
- begins after starting a new medication
- has accompanying symptoms, such as severe itching, pain, or fever
- is developing large blisters or swelling
- is showing signs of infection, such as warmth and pus
- is all over the body
- persists despite treatment
In rare instances, an allergic reaction can result in anaphylaxis, or difficulty breathing due to rapid swelling of the airways. The AAFA state that medicines, food, and insect stings are the most common triggers for anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis is an emergency. A person needs emergency care if they experience:
- difficulty breathing or feeling like the throat is closing up
- swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
- confusion or loss of consciousness
- a drop in blood pressure
- blueish color to the skin
- vomiting or diarrhea
- abdominal cramps
- dizziness
- confusion
- seizures
A person who has a history of anaphylaxis should always carry an EpiPen injector.
Most people can manage rashes due to an allergic reaction at home, and, according to the National Institutes for Health (NIH), they usually disappear after a few days or weeks.
If someone can identify the specific cause of an allergic reaction, the outlook is excellent, as they can avoid the trigger.
To prevent an allergic rash, a person should avoid coming into contact with known or common allergic triggers by:
- using unscented, non-fragrance laundry soap and body products
- wearing gloves when there is a chance of exposure to chemicals or plant oils
- washing after possible contact with an allergen
- wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies a drug allergy
Allergic reactions are a common medical problem. Typical triggers for allergic rashes include:
- medications
- foods
- animal dander
- poisonous plants
Most allergic reaction rashes are not life threatening, and a person can usually treat the rash at home with OTC medications.
Rashes that continue to spread or are accompanied by fever or breathing issues need medical attention.
With careful avoidance of common triggers, a person can successfully manage and prevent rashes caused by allergic reactions.
Allergic reactions and rashes: Causes, diagnosis, and treatment
Allergic reactions often cause rashes. The rash may vary in size and severity, depending on its cause. Poison ivy, fragrances, and medications are some common substances that can cause an allergic rash.
A person can treat most allergic reaction rashes at home with over-the-counter (OTC) medications. However, if someone is having difficulty breathing during an allergic reaction, they require medical attention.
In this article, we examine the different causes of rashes from allergic reactions, how to treat and prevent them, and when to see a doctor.
An allergic reaction occurs when a person’s immune system becomes overly sensitive to a typically harmless substance, or allergen.
The World Allergy Organization (WAO) estimate that globally between 10–40% of all individuals experience some type of allergic reaction.
Allergens can enter the body in several ways. These include:
- through contact with the skin
- by mouth, through swallowing or eating
- through an injection
- when inhaled
Once an allergen enters the body, it can trigger an inflammatory response, which may include a rash on the skin.
Contact dermatitis occurs when a person touches something they are allergic to. Typically, a person needs to come into contact with the allergen repeated times before a reaction occurs. The rash can appear anywhere from 24–48 hours later.
Almost any substance in the environment can trigger an allergic reaction with a rash. We list some of the most common below.
Poisonous plants
The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA) state that poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac are the most common triggers of contact dermatitis.
Within a few days of contact with one of these plants, a person may develop a bumpy, itchy red rash. The rash typically forms a line on the arms, legs, or areas where the plant oil has touched the skin.
The rash may continue to develop over several days and form small fluid-filled blisters. People may spread the rash by touching non-affected areas after affected ones.
Chemicals
Several chemicals can cause an allergic reaction when they come into contact with a person’s skin. These include:
A chemical rash often resembles a burn. It may present with swelling or blistering, or have oval-shaped flaky or dry patches.
The allergic reaction is usually limited to the area of the skin that directly touched the allergen.
Medications
Any drug may cause an allergic reaction. The most According to a 2019 article, common medications that can cause an allergic rash include:
During immediate reactions, the rash will usually consist of hives, which are raised red lesions on the skin.
A medication reaction often starts on the trunk and may spread to the arms, legs, palms, soles, and the mouth. This type of rash onset occurs soon after taking medicine.
Other delayed reactions and rashes can occur between days to weeks later. An allergic reaction can occur even after a person stops taking the medication. Topical antibiotics, such as neomycin and bacitracin, can also cause contact dermatitis.
Foods and food additives
A food allergy reaction is most often associated with hives or swelling. The foods that cause most allergic reactions include:
- peanuts
- soy
- wheat
- milk
- tree nuts (walnuts, almonds, pine nuts, brazil nuts, pecans, cashews, pistachios)
- eggs
- fish and shellfish
- sesame
Respiratory allergens
While rarer, a person may develop hives when they inhale an allergen. Examples of respiratory allergens include:
- pollen
- mold spores
- dust mites
- animal dander
Other symptoms
In addition to a rash, other symptoms that can occur with an allergic reaction may include:
- itching
- pain
- a burning sensation
- a low grade fever
- swelling
- wheezing or shortness of breath
A healthcare professional can usually diagnose a rash caused by an allergic reaction by obtaining a person’s medical history and examining the rash.
Other tests that can help determine the cause of an allergic rash may include a punch biopsy or allergy skin tests.
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI) say that once an allergic reaction starts, it may take 14–28 days to go away, even with treatment (depending on the type of reaction).
Treatment options include:
- corticosteroid creams
- nonsteroidal creams
- cool compresses
- oatmeal baths
- OTC anti-itch lotions such as calamine
- OTC antihistamines, such a Benadryl or Zyrtec
- prescription oral steroid medications, such as prednisone
- epinephrine injection
Babies have sensitive skin and may develop an allergic rash in response to soaps, animal dander, or nickel. Babies may also experience an allergic reaction to an antibiotic or new food.
An allergic rash may appear anywhere on a baby’s skin. The rash may appear as:
- clusters of tiny red bumps
- scaly, dry skin
- patches of red in skin folds
- hives
A person should see a doctor if their rash:
- starts suddenly and spreads quickly
- begins after starting a new medication
- has accompanying symptoms, such as severe itching, pain, or fever
- is developing large blisters or swelling
- is showing signs of infection, such as warmth and pus
- is all over the body
- persists despite treatment
In rare instances, an allergic reaction can result in anaphylaxis, or difficulty breathing due to rapid swelling of the airways. The AAFA state that medicines, food, and insect stings are the most common triggers for anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis is an emergency. A person needs emergency care if they experience:
- difficulty breathing or feeling like the throat is closing up
- swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
- confusion or loss of consciousness
- a drop in blood pressure
- blueish color to the skin
- vomiting or diarrhea
- abdominal cramps
- dizziness
- confusion
- seizures
A person who has a history of anaphylaxis should always carry an EpiPen injector.
Most people can manage rashes due to an allergic reaction at home, and, according to the National Institutes for Health (NIH), they usually disappear after a few days or weeks.
If someone can identify the specific cause of an allergic reaction, the outlook is excellent, as they can avoid the trigger.
To prevent an allergic rash, a person should avoid coming into contact with known or common allergic triggers by:
- using unscented, non-fragrance laundry soap and body products
- wearing gloves when there is a chance of exposure to chemicals or plant oils
- washing after possible contact with an allergen
- wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies a drug allergy
Allergic reactions are a common medical problem. Typical triggers for allergic rashes include:
- medications
- foods
- animal dander
- poisonous plants
Most allergic reaction rashes are not life threatening, and a person can usually treat the rash at home with OTC medications.
Rashes that continue to spread or are accompanied by fever or breathing issues need medical attention.
With careful avoidance of common triggers, a person can successfully manage and prevent rashes caused by allergic reactions.
Allergies | Symptoms, complications, diagnosis and treatment
Allergic reactions occur when your immune system reacts to a foreign substance such as pollen, bee venom, wool, or food that most people do not react to.
The immune system produces substances known as antibodies. When you have an allergy, the immune system creates antibodies that identify a particular allergen as harmful, although this is not the case.When you come into contact with an allergen, an immune system reaction can inflame the skin, sinuses, respiratory tract, or digestive system.
The severity of allergies varies from person to person and can range from minor irritation to anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening emergency. Although most allergies cannot be cured, treatment can help relieve symptoms.
Allergy symptoms , which depend on the substance involved, can affect the respiratory tract, sinuses and nasal passages, skin and digestive system.Allergic reactions can range from mild to severe. In some severe cases, allergies can cause a life-threatening reaction known as anaphylaxis.
Allergic rhinitis can cause:
- Sneezing
- Itching of nose, eyes or upper part of mouth
- Nasal congestion
- Red or puffy eyes (conjunctivitis)
Food allergy May cause:
- Tingling in the mouth
- Swelling of lips, tongue, face or throat
- Urticaria
- Anaphylaxis
Insect sting allergy can cause:
- Large area of swelling (edema) at the site of the bite
- Itching or inflammation all over the body
- Cough, chest compression, shortness of breath
- Anaphylaxis
Drug allergy may cause:
- Urticaria
- Itching
- Rash
- Tumor of parts of the face
- Anaphylaxis
Atopic dermatitis , an allergic skin condition also called eczema, can result in:
- Itching
- Redness
- Skin peeling
Anaphylaxis
Certain allergies, including food allergies and insect bites, can cause a serious reaction known as anaphylaxis.Anaphylaxis can cause shock. Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include:
- Loss of consciousness
- Drop in blood pressure
- Severe shortness of breath
- Skin rash
- Dizziness
- Fast / weak pulse
- Nausea and vomiting
An allergy begins when the immune system mistakenly perceives a substance that is normally harmless to a dangerous invader. The immune system then makes antibodies that remain alert for that particular allergen.When you are again exposed to an allergen, these antibodies can release a number of immune system chemical reactions, such as histamine, that trigger allergy symptoms.
Common allergy triggers include:
- Airborne allergens such as pollen, animal dander, mites and mold
- Certain foods, in particular peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, eggs and milk
- Insect bites, e.g. from bees or wasps
- Medicines, especially penicillin or penicillin-based antibiotics
- Latex or other substances that you touch that may cause allergic skin reactions
You may be more likely to develop allergies if you:
- Have chronic asthma or allergies
- Raising a child
- Asthmatic or allergic person
Complications
Allergy increases the risk of several other medical problems, including:
- Anaphylaxis .If you have severe allergies, you are at an increased risk of this serious allergy-related reaction. Food, medicine, and insect bites are the most common triggers for anaphylaxis.
- Asthma . If you are allergic, you are more likely to have asthma, an immune system reaction that affects the airways and breathing. In many cases, asthma is caused by exposure to an allergen in the environment.
- Sinusitis and infections of the ears or lungs. The risk is higher if you have asthma.
Prevention
Prevention of allergic reactions depends on the type of allergy. General measures include the following:
- Avoid known triggers. Even if you are treating allergy symptoms, try to avoid triggers. If, for example, you are allergic to pollen, stay inside when windows and doors are closed when pollen is high. If you are allergic to dust mites, dust and vacuum, change your bedding frequently.
- Keep a diary. When trying to determine what is causing or worsening allergic symptoms, monitor what you are doing and what you eat, when symptoms appear and what appears to be helping. This can help you and your doctor identify triggers.
- Put on the medical alert bracelet. If you have had a severe allergic reaction, the medical bracelet warns others that you have a serious allergy if you have a reaction that prevents you from answering questions from people around you.
Diagnostics
To assess if you have allergies , your doctor is likely to:
- Asks detailed questions about symptoms
- Will pass the physical exam
- Will clarify if you are keeping a diary of symptoms or possible triggers
If you have food allergies your doctor is likely to:
- Asks you to keep a detailed diary of the foods you eat
- Asks if you stopped eating suspicious food during your allergy assessment
Your doctor may also recommend one or both of the following tests.However, keep in mind that these allergy tests can be false positive or false negative.
- Skin test. A doctor or nurse will prick your skin and test small amounts of proteins found in potential allergens on you. If you are allergic, you are likely to develop an increased reaction at the test site on your skin.
- Blood test . A specific blood test, commonly called radioallergenic borate testing (RAST) or ImmunoCAP, measures the amount of allergy-causing antibodies in your bloodstream, known as immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies.The blood sample is sent to a medical laboratory where it can be tested for susceptibility to possible allergens.
If your doctor suspects something other than an allergy is causing your problems, other tests can help identify or rule out other medical problems.
Allergy treatment includes:
- Allergen isolation. Your doctor can help you take steps to identify and avoid allergies.This is usually the most important step in preventing allergic reactions and reducing symptoms.
- Medicines. Depending on the allergy, medications can help reduce the immune system’s response and relieve symptoms. Your doctor may suggest over-the-counter medication or prescription medications in the form of tablets, nasal sprays, or eye drops.
- Immunotherapy. This treatment involves a series of injections of purified allergen extracts, usually given over several years.
Another form of immunotherapy is a tablet that is placed under the tongue (sublingual) until it dissolves. Sublingual medications are used to treat certain pollen allergies.
- Epinephrine emergency. If you have a severe allergy, you may need an urgent dose of epinephrine. For severe allergic reactions, epinephrine (Auvi-Q, EpiPen, others) can reduce symptoms until you receive emergency treatment.
Good to know about ALLERGIC AND NON-ALLERGIC FOOD INACCEPTIBILITY (matvareoverfølsomhet)
ALLERGIC AND NONALERGIC FOOD INACCEPTANCE (4 249)
What is food insensitivity?
Food insensitivity is the body’s hypersensitivity to certain food components. In food allergies, the body’s immune defenses react to the proteins in food as dangerous invaders.Even small particles of an intolerable product can cause an allergic reaction. As a rule, the reaction occurs immediately after the product enters the body and takes, in some cases, serious forms.
Other types of food hypersensitivity are not immune responses, but symptoms may mimic allergic symptoms. They depend on the amount of food eaten, occur slightly more slowly, and are less severe. The concept of “immunity” is used in cases where there is a reaction of the body to food, but the test results are normal.(There are many types of food hypersensitivity or, as it is often called, “food insensitivity”).
Extent of food allergy
About 5-8% of young children between the ages of one and three years old react to certain foods. In the country as a whole, about 5% of the population suffers from food allergies or intolerances, including allergies that cross with pollen allergies. In addition, the problem affects many others because of the additional practical concerns for family and friends.
Common forms of food insensitivity
In young children, the most common allergies are milk, eggs, fish, nuts, crustaceans and shellfish, as well as leguminous plants (peas, peanuts, beans, soybeans, lupins and lentils). Children with atopic eczema are allergic to citrus fruits, strawberries and tomatoes. The intensity of the reaction depends on the amount of the allergen received and, most often, consists in the appearance of itching and eczema rash.
For adolescents and adults, allergies to nuts (peanuts and hazelnuts), as well as to crustaceans and molluscs, are common. In addition, there may be cross-reactions associated with pollen allergies with certain raw fruits and vegetables.
Allergy to wheat flour is less common, but can lead to a serious allergic reaction in children. This type of allergy is rarely seen in adults. Children and adults with intestinal upset may complain of difficulty breathing, as well as increased stomach pain after eating large amounts of foods containing flour, rye and barley.
There is also the possibility of an allergic reaction to wheat and other foods only when the body is subjected to physical activity after eating. This type of allergic reaction can be difficult to detect.
Celiac disease is a disease of the small intestine, often referred to as gluten resistance, in which the proteins found in barley, rye and wheat cause intestinal inflammation. Treatment for celiac disease is a lifelong gluten-free diet.
Lactose immunity is the lack of ability of the intestinal mucosa to process lactose (sugar found in milk and dairy products). Symptoms of lactose intolerance usually do not appear at an early age, until the age of 4-10 years. Lactose immunity is not harmful, but it is accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea after taking large amounts of milk sugar.
Symptoms
The reaction can be either mild and short-term, or strong, sometimes life-threatening.Itching in the mouth and larynx with edema of the mucous membrane is called oral allergic syndrome, which is typical of cross-reaction to food and often occurs in people with pollen allergies.
The common symptoms of a gastrointestinal reaction are bloating, pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Skin reactions such as hives, increased eczema and itching are also common, especially in young children. Anaphylactic shock is rare but is a medical emergency.Its symptoms are laryngeal edema, breathing problems, often vomiting, with possible drop in blood pressure and loss of consciousness.
Making a diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made by Pirquet test and blood test. These analyzes alone are not sufficient for an accurate diagnosis and in most cases should be combined with control food intake. Without an accurate diagnosis, one should not exclude foods important for the body from the diet.This is especially important if celiac disease is suspected, when the diagnosis is nearly impossible without a gluten-free diet. During the control period, you can exclude suspicious foods from the diet for a certain period, and then gradually introduce them back into the diet.
There are good methods for diagnosing celiac disease and lactose resistance. However, in conventional medicine, there is no single analysis that can establish general food hypersensitivity. In the field of alternative medicine, such tests are offered, but their correctness is not documented.
The Children’s Hospital in Voksentoppen (Barneklinikken Voksentoppen) at the State Hospital (Rikshospitalet HF) is a specialized hospital for children with allergies. There are no such specialized medical institutions for adults. They should first see a local doctor who can then refer to a specialist. For example, to a specialist in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, lungs or an otolaryngologist.
The regional asthma, allergy and hypersensitivity centers are involved in the analysis of complex case histories.
Treatment
The only treatment for food allergies is to eliminate intolerable foods. Cooking yourself is often the safest way. When using ready-made products, you should carefully read the list of ingredients. When visiting restaurants and catering places, it is important to clarify the content of dishes, as well as inform in advance about allergies or hypersensitivity to certain products.
It is very important, especially in childhood, to choose the right diet. The nutrients contained in the excluded foods must be replaced. In case of milk allergy, care must be taken to get an adequate intake of calcium, iodine and B vitamins. Care should be taken to ensure that young children are getting enough protein.
Children (up to three years of age) who are allergic to cow’s milk should be provided with a full-fledged milk substitute (available from a pharmacy with a prescription).When following a diet that excludes wheat flour from the diet, you must ensure that you get enough protein, fiber and minerals. Avoiding many fruits and vegetables can lead to a lack of vitamin C. Your doctor may refer you to a physiologist for individual nutritional advice.
Medicines
Persons with severe, life-threatening allergic reactions should have an epinephrine syringe (Epipen or Jext) with them.Adrenaline is administered as an “antidote” if a person inadvertently takes an intolerable product. Medication for other forms of allergy, such as pollen allergy, can also provide relief from food intolerances, however, chronic medication for food allergies is not the norm.
Register of food allergens
In case of a severe reaction to certain foods, notify the Food Allergen Register at the Institute of Public Health (Folkehelseinstituttet).The criterion for sending a message is the patient’s appeal to a doctor no later than 24 hours after eating. The register was organized to collect information on the types of food reactions and their severity, food allergens and food allergy populations.
Allergies: types and causes | Medical center “Serdolik”
Skin rashes, complaints of a persistent runny nose, dry cough – all these can be signs of an allergy.We figure out what and how our body can react.
Allergy is an increased sensitivity of the body to any allergen, leading to a violation of the usual state.
A similar reaction to some substances is caused by disorders of the immune system. She perceives them as dangerous for the body and begins to produce antibodies, which leads to allergies. For one person, certain substances can be dangerous, while for another they are completely harmless.Allergens are drugs and their components, food, particles from the environment (pollen, animal hair).
Allergic reactions can also manifest themselves in different ways and affect any organs and systems of a person. There is no specific set of traits that is common to all people.
Let’s consider the main types of allergies.
Respiratory allergy
Such an allergic reaction is manifested by damage to the respiratory system.Very often rhinitis falls into this category.
Frequent allergens in this case are pollen of trees, cereals, flowers, molds. The disease is called hay fever. Its typical symptoms are discomfort and itching of the nasal mucosa, sneezing, runny nose and shortness of breath. These manifestations can be joined by general malaise, drowsiness, fever, lacrimation, migraine.
If the signs are observed all year round, and not only in spring or autumn, then the reason for this condition may be a reaction to house dust, dandruff and animal hair, drugs, strong odors of household chemicals and cosmetics.
In allergic tracheobronchitis, the patient has a dry cough, usually at night. A more severe condition is bronchial asthma. A person cannot breathe out, suffocates. In this case, a mandatory consultation with an allergist is required.
Food allergy
The body’s response to food eaten. It manifests itself in different ways: skin rashes, damage to the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract. In some cases, eczema occurs, which can be observed on the elbows, under the knees, on the neck and wrists.
One of the particular manifestations of food allergy is urticaria – itching and rash on the surface of the skin. Signs become noticeable after eating berries, seafood, penicillin, insect bites, contact with wool, after cooling. In addition to rashes, edema occurs. It can be placed on any part of the body.
Quincke’s edema is a type of allergic reaction when swelling of the skin, subcutaneous tissue or mucous membranes develops in a short period of time. Its appearance is often accompanied by pain, burning and sometimes itching.It occurs on the lips, cheeks, genitals, larynx, and can lead to suffocation.
Another type – atopic dermatitis – an inflammatory process of the skin, which is characterized by itching, rhinitis, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and bronchial asthma.
Treatment methods and diet
The doctor will select the treatment regimen for you, since allergy is an individual reaction of the body and there is no general treatment regimen here. In addition, allergy sufferers are not recommended to consume a number of products:
- flakes and cereals;
- pasta and ready-to-use dough mixes;
- confectionery: pies, gingerbread, puddings, glazed pastries;
- chocolate;
- caramel, dragee;
- fruit and carbonated drinks;
- citrus fruits;
- marshmallows with dyes;
- marinades, preservatives, vinegar;
- potato chips;
- wine, beer, liqueurs and liqueurs;
- seafood;
- strawberries and strawberries.
The combination of pharmacotherapy and the elimination of incoming allergens allows remission to be achieved. You can learn more about the treatment of allergies from the specialists of the Serdolik clinic in Novosibirsk.
90,000 Allergic skin reactions – symptoms, causes and treatment
Symptoms and causes of reactions
Our immune system protects us from any kind of attack by “enemies” such as bacteria and toxins. As we know, our body, when it comes into contact with an allergen, causes an allergic reaction, mild or severe, depending on the case.
There are many allergens:
• Plants,
• Pollen,
• Animals (dandruff or saliva),
• Food products,
• Dust,
• Medicines, etc.
Currently, the number of people with skin allergies has increased dramatically. Skin allergies can manifest as a rash, swelling, itching, pain, blisters, bladder irritation, and rashes.
Types of skin irritations
When we talk about skin allergies, we mean a specific disease that can occur on any part of the body or, if the form is more severe, it can spread to very large areas.
Skin irritations are of several types:
• Free of infection;
• Due to fungi or bacteria;
• Red spots or dots on the back or chest;
• Skin allergy symptoms.
Nickel, gold, silver, food (especially fish), shampoo, shower gel, etc. can cause an allergic reaction.
What to do or not to do in case of skin allergy?
To relieve symptoms:
• Try not to use heavy clothing,
• Cover the skin from the sun,
• Clothes should be only natural: cotton, linen.
In addition, we must avoid foods containing wheat.
Skin allergy diagnostics
Skin tests need to be done to identify allergens. This study does not include any side effects and is very simple. If the allergen could not be detected using this test, then a blood test (ISAC test) is taken, which is more effective. After 30 minutes, you can already find out which substance the body considers harmful.
If the test result is positive, then an immediate vaccination should be given.
In case of severe stages of allergy, the doctor will select stronger medicines.
There are other types of research: provocation testing. The patient is exposed to the suspected allergen next to the doctor, who can intervene and help in the event of anaphylactic shock.
Treatments for skin allergies
Very often these allergies do not pose any danger. Usually skin allergies are treated with cortisone-based creams, but, for example, 3% of the subjects had a reaction to these creams.
When the irritation is slight, you can moisturize the skin, for example, with an infusion of violets. If the itching is very strong, then you can moisten the diseased areas with an infusion of oats (you need a glass of washed oats, which must be poured with a liter of boiling water, insist for 3 days). You will see great results.
Our diet should be rich in vitamin C. But it is best to consult a doctor to identify the allergen that is causing this irritating skin reaction.
There are many ways to try to relieve allergy symptoms.Means can be both pharmacological and folk.
Skin rashes create discomfort, both physical and mental. Many people try not to leave the house because of allergic rashes on the face or other parts of the body (especially in the summer, during the flowering period).
In order to feel good, you must choose the right treatment as soon as symptoms appear to avoid more serious problems in the future.
Health should come first in every person.
90,000 Causes of rash in children
Naturally, only a pediatrician, dermatologist or allergist can correctly determine the cause of the rash , diagnose and prescribe treatment for a child. But the parents themselves can provide initial help, relieve itching and help the baby, knowing the main signs and causes of the rash . At the first stage, it is important to determine the nature of the rash – infectious , allergic or not related to any of the above.
Causes of rashes in children:
1. Neonatal acne . It may first occur in newborns at the age of 1 – 2 months. As a rule, such rashes are hormonal in nature, not contagious and are not allergies. A rash in the form of pimples, sometimes with a white dot in the middle, appears on the head, body of the baby. If there are no purulent sections, then the rash goes away on its own and does not require treatment. Acne can also occur in adolescents. They most often appear on the face in the form of black dots and are associated with hormonal changes in the adolescent’s body and increased work of the sebaceous glands.To prevent acne, there are cosmetic lotions, cleansing gels, and other products. In case of inflammation, it is better to seek advice from a pediatric dermatologist or cosmetologist, because antibiotic treatment may be needed;
2. Urticaria is an allergic reaction on the child’s skin, accompanied by itching and the appearance of blisters on various parts of the body, in some cases the temperature may rise and the child’s stool may be disturbed.Blisters appear suddenly and can disappear just as quickly, but sometimes they only go away after a few days. The reasons for the appearance of urticaria can be various factors: hormonal disorders, malfunctioning of the liver, kidneys, consumption of foods that caused an allergic reaction (fish, eggs, citrus fruits, etc.), insect bites, a reaction to sunlight, temperature changes, emotional stress etc .. Urticaria may be chronic and not go away for a long time, and acute – disappearing in a few hours.For the treatment of urticaria, it is important to identify the underlying cause of it;
3. Food allergy manifests itself as spots pinkish-red in color. It is slightly convex, edematous at the sites of scratching, and is accompanied by itching. It is localized, as a rule, on the baby’s cheeks, but can appear on other parts of the body. It can occur in both infants and adolescents. If the baby is breastfed, then the allergy that has arisen is associated with the products consumed by the mother.If the newborn is bottle-fed, then an allergic reaction may appear to the mixture. In older children, food allergies can be caused by fish, eggs, nuts, chocolate, strawberries and other foods;
Allergies, as a rule, are accompanied by edema, which in turn, with inadequate treatment and untimely assistance, cause suffocation . In the event of an allergy of any nature, a pediatrician consultation is required to help in selecting the optimal mixture for the baby, or a pediatric dermatologist – allergist for referral to laboratory tests of older children for ;
4. Household allergy . It can occur in both newborns and older children. It manifests itself, as a rule, in the form of pimples all over the body and is accompanied by tearing, sneezing. The reasons for the occurrence of such a reaction of the body can be washing powder and other detergents, dust, plants, animal hair, etc. An allergic rash differs from an infectious rash in that with it the child does not have fever, he does not have general ailments, there is no loss of appetite, drowsiness;
5. Prickly heat . It occurs mainly in infants. It manifests itself as red pimples all over the body, especially in the groin area. The affected areas must be smeared with a special baby cream, more often to arrange air baths for the baby and change the diaper;
6. Roseola (infectious erythema) is a childhood acute viral disease that affects only children under 2 years of age. Very often roseola is confused with ARVI or rubella . At the beginning of the disease, the baby’s temperature rises sharply, which lasts for 3 to 5 days, and after that the child becomes covered with a red-pink rash that disappears in 5 to 7 days.This is not a dangerous disease, it does not require treatment, and if it appears, the child should be given only antipyretic drugs;
7. Chickenpox . It is a common childhood infectious disease that requires treatment. The incubation period of this disease can last from 11 to 21 days. It occurs at any age. It is accompanied by a rash on the skin and mucous membranes in the form of red spots, in the center of which blisters with a yellowish liquid are localized. It is accompanied by itching.As the disease progresses, the blisters burst, forming crusts that leave scars if the child scratches the blister and gets an infection. The disease can also cause fever and headache;
8. Measles is an acute infectious disease that is quite rare due to the use of vaccinations. In addition, this virus is rarely activated in babies under 8 months of age. they are protected by the immunity transmitted by the mother. The disease begins with the symptoms of a common cold – coughing, tearing, sneezing and fever up to 40 C.Further, the child develops white spots on the mucous surface of the cheeks, nasal discharge, severe headache, photophobia. Then, within a few days, red spots of various shapes appear on the face, neck, near the head and further throughout the body. The disease is contagious within a week of the first signs. The virus is dangerous with complications such as: meningitis , pneumonia , the development of deafness, brain damage and even death;
9. Scarlet fever is an acute infectious streptococcal disease.It begins with sore throat, high fever, tonsils enlargement, in some cases with plaque. Further, a small punctate rash appears on the back, chest, knees, armpits, groin and quickly spreads throughout the body and face. Only the area around the mouth remains white. The throat and tongue become very red. By the end of the disease, peeling of the skin on the toes and hands begins;
10. Rubella is an acute infectious disease . The disease begins with a slight increase in temperature and swollen lymph nodes in the parotid and cervical region.A small rash also appears on the face and behind the ears, and then all over the body. Rubella is very dangerous for pregnant women, and complications can occur in older children and adolescents. In babies, the disease is fairly mild;
11. Meningitis is an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord. A meningitis rash is not the main symptom. However, with this disease, rashes appear on the back of the pharynx, as well as on the thighs, back, buttocks in the form of a red rash of various shapes.With meningitis, symptoms such as a very high fever, severe headache, vomiting, photophobia, and neck muscle tension are observed. At the slightest suspicion of meningitis, parents should immediately consult a doctor. Timely help with this disease will save the child’s life;
12. Streptoderma is a skin infectious disease caused by staphylococcus aureus. The disease usually affects the paranasal and perioral region. At the beginning, redness appears around the nose and mouth, then small bubbles of liquid.When they burst, yellow crusts remain. The disease may be accompanied by an increase in temperature;
13. Herpes is an infectious disease accompanied by the appearance of blisters on the skin and mucous membranes, in children it is most often located on the lips. This disease is extremely rare in newborns, because maternal immunity is passed on to them. Children from 3 to 4 years old are exposed to it. In addition to a rash, the disease can be accompanied by a sore throat, fever.
Skin rashes and diseases in children are great, they can be very similar, but some are completely harmless to the health of your child, while others pose a threat not only to the general condition, but also to children’s life! Do not take risks, and if you have the slightest doubt, if any spots, rashes and other symptoms appear, contact your pediatrician, who, if necessary, will refer you and your child to a pediatric dermatologist, allergist, neurologist or other specialized specialist, depending on the nature of the rash and the severity of the skin disease.
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90,000 This applies to many
Allergies – how to deal with them?
It would seem that late autumn and the beginning of winter are not at all the time to remember allergies.But doctors disagree. What surprises can an illness present to us, which prevents almost every third inhabitant of the planet from living, is it possible to get rid of it, and what should be done for allergy sufferers in the cold season? Olga Drupova, an allergist-immunologist of the Regional Consultative and Diagnostic Center, answers these questions.
– Olga Vasilievna, they say that allergies can be provoked by diseases that would be difficult to “suspect” of this …
Allergies do not appear immediately and not at all.People who have a predisposition to allergies (heredity, features of the immune system) may encounter various substances for a long period of time and not react to them, however, depending on some causes and conditions that, in principle, are not fully understood, the immune the system “remembers” the antigen (allergen) and produces an antibody to it, which, when it enters the body next time, causes an allergic reaction. The main allergens are:
The mental state of a person is also of great importance. Stress and nervous breakdowns can also trigger the development of allergies.
Allergy symptoms
Symptoms of an allergy depend on the type of allergen, or rather on the area of contact of the allergen with a person. So, depending on the location (respiratory tract, sinuses, skin, digestive system), different symptoms may appear.
In some very rare cases, contact with an allergen can contribute to the development of a serious allergic reaction called anaphylactic shock.This reaction can be fatal if left untreated. The symptoms of anaphylactic shock can be
How to detect an allergen?
If you first develop any allergy symptoms, but you do not know what caused them, you need to contact an allergist to confirm the diagnosis, detect a causal allergen and prescribe the correct treatment. In addition to examination and questioning, a series of tests and studies will be required that are specific to allergies.
Skin test – this test is prescribed when there is a suspicion of an allergy.The advantages of this study are:
ease of implementation, time to obtain results (20 minutes), and low cost. This study allows you to determine the allergen that caused the reaction. The OKDC conducts c / testing with household, epidermal and pollen allergens for adults and children from 5 years old. Testing begins in mid-November and lasts until the end of March. The scope of the examination, the presence of indications and contraindications is determined by the doctor after the conversation and examination.
Blood test for IgE – measures the amount of allergic antibodies in the blood.For the study, a small amount of venous blood is required; the sample is taken in the morning, on an empty stomach. Results are usually available within 3 days. This study is carried out in cases where for some reason it is impossible to conduct skin tests, or when the patient is forced to constantly take antiallergic drugs. Also, this study can be prescribed as an additional one to confirm the results of skin tests.
– How to get rid of allergies? Are there any new methods of dealing with the disease today?
The most important rule in the treatment of allergies is to avoid contact with allergens.If you are allergic and you know allergens that can cause you an allergic reaction, try to protect yourself as much as possible from the slightest contact with them, since allergies tend to provoke more and more severe reactions to repeated contact with the allergen.
Drug treatment – is aimed at reducing the risk of complications of an allergic reaction, as well as eliminating the symptoms of the disease, improving the quality of life.
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) – In addition to excluding contact with allergens and drug treatment, there is such a method of treatment as: immunotherapy.It consists in the gradual, long-term introduction of increasing doses of the allergen into your body during remission, which will lead to a decrease in sensitivity to it. ASIT is carried out only in a specialized medical institution under the supervision of specialists, since treatment regimens are individual, require correction during therapy, and in addition, complications in the form of various allergic reactions may develop.
– Is it possible to prevent allergies or at least insure yourself against exacerbations of the disease?
– In order to prevent the development of allergies, as well as to prevent the aggravation of the general condition, it is important to adhere to preventive measures for the disease: limit contact with the allergen, do not use medications after their expiration date, eat right and lead a healthy, active lifestyle.
90,000 Where does a body rash come from and what to do about it
Body rashes are common. Most often, it does not harm health: small red spots, pimples, bubbles spoil the appearance, itch, but disappear quite quickly by themselves.
However, sometimes rashes can be symptoms of serious and even life-threatening disorders.
When you need to see a doctor urgently
Go to your doctor, dermatologist, nearest emergency room as soon as possible, or call an ambulance if :
- The rash has spread all over your body.
- The rash is accompanied by a fever. A temperature above 38.3 ° C indicates an acute inflammatory process.
- The rash on the body appeared suddenly and is getting thicker. This may be a sign of a powerful allergic reaction that runs the risk of developing into Quincke’s edema or even anaphylactic shock. Take special care if a rash develops in the face and neck area. If you notice that it becomes difficult to breathe, immediately dial 103 or 112.
- The rash is blistering. That is, in place of the numerous red spots, bubbles filled with liquid begin to appear.
- It hurts to touch the rashes.
- The rash on the body is very itchy, and you easily comb it until it bleeds. In this case, there is a risk of introducing infection into the wounds and getting blood poisoning.
If there are no threatening symptoms, exhale. Most likely, nothing terrible happens to you.
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What are the causes of the rash on the body
It is often difficult to determine on the fly where the rash came from.Here are some of the more common options.
Insect bites
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A mosquito or bee bite is easy to identify: in its place is a round, dense swelling that itches or hurts. Such damage to the skin cannot be confused with a rash. But there are insects whose bites are like rashes. These are, for example, fleas – bed or sand fleas.
If you find itchy red spots on your skin in the morning or after the beach, you may have been bitten.
Photoallergy
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She is also an allergic reaction of to ultraviolet light (“solar poisoning”). The rash can be different:
- small itchy redness;
- flesh-colored pimples that feel like sandpaper; 90,018 90,017 blisters;
- spots of distinct red color, tending to merge into a single whole.
Most often, sun allergy occurs due to the fact that during sunburn some harmful substance was present on the skin – cream, lotion, medicine, plant juice – and the ultraviolet light turned it into an allergen.Alternatively, you are taking medication that makes your skin sensitive to the sun.
Contact dermatitis
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Occurs when a toxic substance (allergen) gets on the skin and the epidermis responds with irritation and rashes. Allergens are often:
- Sap or pollen of some plants, such as poison ivy or nettle. Skin reactions to nettle pollen are so common that the characteristic skin rash is called hives.
- Latex.
- Some metals found in jewelry, hairpins, key rings. Most often, an allergy occurs to nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper.
- Various cosmetic products – from creams to eau de toilette.
- Dyes in cheap clothes.
Allergy to drugs
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Rashes and itching can be a side effect of certain medications, such as antibiotics.If you have recently started taking a new medication, see the instructions. At the same time, check if there is any mention of the drug has a photosensitizing (that is, increasing sensitivity to sunlight) effect.
Pollinosis
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He is also allergic to pollen. This option can be suspected if the rash appeared against the background of other signs of an allergic reaction:
- runny nose; 90,018 90,017 watery eyes;
- obsessive coughing or sneezing.
Food allergy
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It can manifest itself as hives appearing on different parts of the body, and scarlet rashes on the cheeks (this symptom is more typical for young children).
The most common food allergens are :
- eggs;
- milk;
- peanuts and hazelnuts;
- fish and crustaceans;
- wheat;
- soybeans.
Skin infections
A rash can appear due to bacteria, fungi, viruses that attack the epidermis.
For example, ringworm produces round, itchy patches with a bright border. This fungal infection, contrary to stereotypes, can attack not only the scalp, but any other area of the skin.
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An example of a viral infection is molluscum contagiosum. This disease makes itself felt with convex reddish-brown and, importantly, hard tubercles with a diameter of 1–5 mm, which can appear anywhere on the body.Despite the name, no mollusk lives under the skin. This is a skin reaction to a virus.
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What to do if a rash appears on the body
Symptoms for which you need to see a doctor as soon as possible are described above. If you don’t have them, you can try to deal with the rash at home .
- Keep your leather clean. In the morning, evening, and as it gets dirty, wash it gently with warm water and mild, odorless soap.Until the rash subsides, stop using harsh washcloths and brushes.
- Wear soft and breathable fabrics. The irritated skin must breathe.
- Control the humidity in the room where you are. The optimal value is 40-60%.
- Avoid foods that are potential allergens.
- If the rash occurs after you start using new makeup, stop using it for a while. And monitor your condition.
- Moisturize your skin.This will reduce itching and help the epidermis heal faster. It is best to apply moisturizers right after showering or bathing. Use only hypoallergenic creams, lotions, or gels.
If the itching is so severe that you cannot forget about it, consult a dermatologist or therapist. Your doctor will recommend antihistamines or over-the-counter ointments to help reduce discomfort.