What are ganglion cysts. How are ganglion cysts diagnosed. What treatment options are available for ganglion cysts. Can ganglion cysts be prevented. When should you seek medical attention for a ganglion cyst.

Understanding Ganglion Cysts: Causes and Characteristics

Ganglion cysts are noncancerous lumps that commonly develop along the tendons or joints of wrists or hands. These fluid-filled sacs can also occur in the ankles and feet. But what exactly causes these peculiar growths?

Ganglion cysts form when the tissue surrounding a joint or tendon bulges out of place. The cyst fills with a jelly-like fluid similar to the synovial fluid that lubricates your joints. While the exact cause remains unclear, factors such as repetitive stress on the joint, injury, or underlying arthritis may contribute to their formation.

These cysts can vary in size, ranging from as small as a pea to as large as a golf ball. They may be soft or firm to the touch and can change in size over time or even disappear on their own. Interestingly, ganglion cysts are sometimes referred to as “Bible cysts” due to an old practice of attempting to rupture them by striking them with a heavy book, often a Bible.

Key Characteristics of Ganglion Cysts:

• Usually round or oval in shape
• Typically appear on the back of the wrist, but can also develop on the palm side of the wrist, the base of the fingers, and the top of the foot
• May be painless or cause discomfort when pressing on nearby nerves
• Can increase in size with increased joint use
• May fluctuate in size or disappear completely

Identifying Ganglion Cysts: Symptoms and Diagnosis

Recognizing a ganglion cyst can be crucial for timely treatment. But how can you tell if that lump on your wrist or hand is indeed a ganglion cyst?

The most obvious sign of a ganglion cyst is a visible lump or swelling. This growth is typically painless, though some people may experience aching or discomfort, especially if the cyst presses on a nerve. In some cases, the cyst may cause a burning or tingling sensation, muscle weakness, or difficulties with joint movement.

To diagnose a ganglion cyst, your doctor will likely perform a physical examination, carefully inspecting the lump and possibly applying pressure to check for tenderness or discomfort. They may also shine a light through the cyst, a technique called transillumination, which can help determine if the growth is fluid-filled.

Diagnostic Tools for Ganglion Cysts:

1. X-rays: While they can’t show the cyst itself, X-rays can reveal any underlying joint or bone abnormalities.
2. Ultrasound: This imaging technique can confirm that the lump is fluid-filled and rule out other conditions.
3. MRI: In some cases, an MRI might be used to get a detailed view of the cyst and surrounding tissues.
4. Aspiration: The doctor may use a needle to remove some of the cyst’s fluid for testing, which can also help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Ganglion Cysts: From Conservative to Surgical Approaches

Once diagnosed with a ganglion cyst, what are your treatment options? The approach to treating ganglion cysts can vary depending on the symptoms and the cyst’s location. In many cases, these cysts don’t require treatment, especially if they’re not causing pain or interfering with joint movement.

For cysts that are painful or problematic, several treatment options are available:

1. Observation

If the cyst isn’t causing significant problems, your doctor may recommend simply watching it. Many ganglion cysts disappear on their own over time.

2. Immobilization

Using a wrist brace or splint can help relieve symptoms by limiting joint movement. This may cause the cyst to shrink or disappear.

3. Aspiration

In this procedure, the doctor drains the fluid from the cyst using a needle. While this can provide immediate relief, the cyst often returns.

4. Surgery

If other treatments haven’t worked, surgery might be recommended to remove the cyst and part of the involved joint capsule or tendon sheath. This is typically done as an outpatient procedure.

Is it possible to prevent ganglion cysts from forming? While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent ganglion cysts, avoiding repetitive wrist and hand movements and wearing protective gear during activities that stress these joints may help reduce the risk.

Living with Ganglion Cysts: Impact on Daily Life and Activities

How do ganglion cysts affect daily life? For many people, ganglion cysts cause little to no disruption. However, depending on their size and location, these cysts can sometimes interfere with joint movement or cause discomfort during certain activities.

If you have a ganglion cyst on your wrist, you might find it challenging to perform tasks that require wrist flexibility, such as yoga poses or weightlifting. Cysts on the fingers can make it difficult to grip objects or type comfortably. In some cases, the appearance of the cyst might cause self-consciousness, particularly if it’s in a visible location.

Despite these potential challenges, most people with ganglion cysts can continue their regular activities without significant limitations. If the cyst does cause discomfort or restrict movement, working with your healthcare provider to find an appropriate treatment plan can help manage these issues.

Tips for Managing Daily Life with a Ganglion Cyst:

• Avoid activities that exacerbate symptoms
• Use protective gear during sports or activities that stress the affected joint
• Apply ice to reduce swelling and discomfort
• Consider using a brace or splint as recommended by your doctor
• Modify your workspace ergonomics to reduce stress on affected joints

Ganglion Cysts in Different Body Locations: Varying Symptoms and Treatments

While ganglion cysts are most commonly associated with the wrist and hand, they can develop in various locations throughout the body. How do symptoms and treatments differ based on the cyst’s location?

Wrist Ganglion Cysts

These are the most common type, typically appearing on the back of the wrist. They may cause aching or weakness in the wrist, especially when bearing weight. Treatment often involves observation or aspiration, with surgery as a last resort.

Finger Ganglion Cysts

These cysts can develop at the base of the finger on the palm side, near the fingernail, or at the top joint of the finger. They may cause pain when gripping objects. Treatment is similar to wrist cysts but may require more careful consideration due to the delicate structures in the fingers.

Foot and Ankle Ganglion Cysts

Cysts in these areas can cause discomfort when wearing shoes or walking. They’re often treated conservatively with padding or comfortable footwear, but may require aspiration or surgery if they persistently interfere with mobility.

Knee Ganglion Cysts

These are less common but can cause swelling and discomfort behind the knee. They may be associated with underlying joint issues and might require more extensive evaluation and treatment.

Regardless of location, it’s important to have any persistent lump or swelling evaluated by a healthcare professional to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Ganglion Cysts vs. Other Lumps and Bumps: Differential Diagnosis

When you notice a lump on your body, how can you tell if it’s a ganglion cyst or something else? While ganglion cysts are common, they’re not the only type of growth that can appear on or near joints.

Several conditions can present similarly to ganglion cysts, including:

• Lipomas: Soft, fatty lumps that grow under the skin
• Rheumatoid nodules: Firm lumps associated with rheumatoid arthritis
• Carpal boss: A bony growth on the back of the hand
• Synovial cysts: Similar to ganglion cysts but typically associated with arthritis
• Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors can sometimes be mistaken for ganglion cysts

Given the potential for misdiagnosis, it’s crucial to have any unexplained lump or growth examined by a healthcare professional. They can perform the necessary tests to accurately identify the nature of the growth and recommend appropriate treatment.

Key Differences:

Ganglion cysts are typically:

• Smooth and round
• Filled with clear, jelly-like fluid
• Often painless unless pressing on a nerve
• May change in size or disappear on their own

Other growths may have different characteristics, such as being solid, having a different texture, or being associated with other symptoms. Always consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Ganglion Cysts in Children and Adolescents: Special Considerations

Can children and adolescents develop ganglion cysts? While these growths are more common in adults, they can indeed occur in younger individuals. How does the approach to ganglion cysts differ in pediatric cases?

Ganglion cysts in children and adolescents often present similarly to those in adults, typically appearing as painless lumps near joints or tendons. However, there are some unique considerations when dealing with these cysts in younger patients:

Diagnosis in Children

Diagnosing ganglion cysts in children follows a similar process to adults, including physical examination and imaging studies. However, doctors may be more cautious about using invasive diagnostic procedures in younger patients.

Treatment Approach

The treatment of ganglion cysts in children tends to be more conservative. Many doctors prefer to take a “wait and see” approach, as these cysts often resolve on their own over time in younger individuals. Surgical intervention is typically reserved for cases where the cyst causes significant pain or interferes with daily activities.

Long-term Outlook

The prognosis for ganglion cysts in children is generally good. Many cysts will disappear without treatment, and those that persist can often be managed effectively with conservative measures or, if necessary, minimally invasive treatments.

Parents should be aware that restricting a child’s activities due to a ganglion cyst is usually unnecessary unless recommended by a doctor. However, it’s important to monitor the cyst and report any changes or new symptoms to the healthcare provider.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Parents should consult a pediatrician or orthopedic specialist if their child develops a lump near a joint, especially if it’s accompanied by pain or limits movement. While ganglion cysts are typically benign, proper evaluation is crucial to rule out other potential conditions.

By understanding the unique aspects of ganglion cysts in younger patients, parents and healthcare providers can make informed decisions about the best course of action, ensuring optimal outcomes for children and adolescents affected by these common growths.

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Vektorgrafik eines verängstigten Mannes, der seine Hand. ..

vektorillustration eines verängstigten mannes, der seine hand untersucht. der mann fand einen tumor an seinem arm. symptome von lipom, zyste, tumor und krebs. illustration für medizinische artikel, plakate, ständer. – ganglion cyst stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

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Ganglienzyste an der Hand des Mannes. Handhaltende Computermaus

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asiatische frauen alter dreißig kranken mit der krankheit, die zyste am handgelenk isoliert auf weißem hintergrund mit beschneidungspfad. karpaltunnelsyndrom ganglion zyste in medizinische bezeichnung. – ganglion cyst stock-fotos und bilder

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Großen Talgdrüsen

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Ganglion Zyste drei Tage nach der Operation

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Ganglienzyste an der Hand des Mannes auf weißem Hintergrund.

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Ganglion Zyste auf Frau hand auf weißem Hintergrund

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Nahaufnahme eines weißen kaukasischen Mannes in der linken Hand mit einem Ganglienzystenknoten, der zwischen den dorsalen digitalen Nerven oder dem Ulnarnerv steckt.

große zyste (hygroma), flüssigkeitsgefüllter klumpen, der mit einem gelenk, einem tumor oder schwellungen auf einem gelenk verbunden ist. – ganglion cyst stock-fotos und bilder

Große Zyste (Hygroma), flüssigkeitsgefüllter Klumpen, der mit…

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ganglienzyste an der hand des mannes auf weißem hintergrund – ganglion cyst stock-fotos und bilder

Ganglienzyste an der Hand des Mannes auf weißem Hintergrund

Ganglienzyste an der Hand des Mannes auf weißem Hintergrund.

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Ganglion Zyste auf Frau hand auf weißem Hintergrund

große zyste (hygroma), flüssigkeitsgefüllter klumpen, der mit einem gelenk, einem tumor oder schwellungen auf einem gelenk verbunden ist. – ganglion cyst stock-fotos und bilder

Große Zyste (Hygroma), flüssigkeitsgefüllter Klumpen, der mit. ..

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Große Kegelzyste (Hygrom) , flüssigkeitsgefüllter Klumpen, der mit einem Gelenk, einem Tumor oder einer Schwellung auf einem Gelenk oder der Abdeckung einer Sehne verbunden ist.

ganglion zyste auf frau hand auf weißem hintergrund – ganglion cyst stock-fotos und bilder

Ganglion Zyste auf Frau hand auf weißem Hintergrund

ganglion zyste auf frau hand auf weißem hintergrund – ganglion cyst stock-fotos und bilder

Ganglion Zyste auf Frau hand auf weißem Hintergrund

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Ganglienzyste an der Hand des Mannes auf weißem Hintergrund

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Ganglienzyste an der Hand des Mannes. Handhaltende Computermaus

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Ganglion Zyste auf Frau hand auf weißem Hintergrund

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Ganglion Zyste auf Frau Hand auf weißem Hintergrund

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Großen Talgdrüsen

reife hand mit osteoarthritis knötchen und ganglienzysten. – ganglion cyst stock-fotos und bilder

Reife Hand mit Osteoarthritis Knötchen und Ganglienzysten.

Reife Hand mit Arthroseknoten und Ganglienzysten.

reife hand mit osteoarthritis knötchen und ganglienzysten. – ganglion cyst stock-fotos und bilder

Reife Hand mit Osteoarthritis Knötchen und Ganglienzysten.

Reife Hand mit Arthroseknoten und Ganglienzysten.

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Großen Talgdrüsen

reife hand mit osteoarthritis knötchen und ganglienzysten. – ganglion cyst stock-fotos und bilder

Reife Hand mit Osteoarthritis Knötchen und Ganglienzysten.

Reife Hand mit Arthroseknoten und Ganglienzysten.

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Ganglienzyste von harter Arbeit

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Ganglion Cysts: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Nationwide Children’s Hospital

A ganglion (gang-glee-uhn) cyst is a fluid-filled lump under the skin. It is often found over a joint or in a tendon in the hand or wrist (Picture 1). A ganglion cyst forms when there is a small tear in the sleeve of thin tissue that covers a joint or tendon. The tissue bulges and forms a sac. Fluid from the joint leaks into the sac and causes swelling.

• The name of the ganglion cyst changes with its place on the body. If it appears on top of the wrist, it’s a dorsal wrist ganglion cyst (Picture 1). A cyst on the palm side of the wrist is a volar wrist ganglion cyst. Ganglion cysts are most often seen in these two areas. If it’s in the hand, it’s called a retinacular cyst.
• Children of all ages can get ganglion cysts. They are typically seen in people between the ages of 15 and 40, but they can be seen in very young children as well.
• Girls are more likely than boys to have ganglion cysts.
• While ganglion cysts are common, they are usually harmless.

Cause

• The cause of ganglion cysts is unknown. They can appear suddenly or slowly and may go away on their own. If they go away, they may come back for no reason.
• Exercise or using the joint where the ganglion cyst has formed more often may cause it to get bigger over time. Resting the joint may help it get smaller.

Signs and Symptoms

Ganglion cysts don’t usually hurt, but there are some symptoms your child may notice.

• Appearance of a lump
• Pressure or pain when bending the joint if a cyst is big
• Discomfort, tingling, or numbness if the cyst is pressing on a nerve
• Pain is not usually intense if there’s pain at all
• Skin over the cyst may feel smooth, round, and rubbery
• Less range of motion where the cyst is or less strength to grip things

Diagnosis

A ganglion cyst can often be diagnosed during a clinic visit. The doctor or health care provider will take your child’s medical history and do a physical exam.

• Special testing is not needed unless your child has a lot of pain where the cyst is.
• Sometimes an X-ray, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test may be ordered. X-rays will not show a ganglion cyst, but they may show other problems. An MRI can find hidden cysts under the skin or reveal other causes of your child’s pain.

Treatment

Most ganglion cysts go away without treatment. However, some may come back after treatment. It may take a long time, up to 12 to 18 months, before the cyst goes away. If it’s not causing any pain, the doctor or health care provider may suggest simply watching and waiting.

If the ganglion cyst is causing your child many problems, the doctor or health care provider will discuss doing one of the following:

• Splinting:  A brace is used to keep the area with the cyst from moving. That will help prevent more irritation that’s caused when the joint moves. It may help the swelling go down and your child may be more comfortable.
• Aspiration:  The fluid is drained from the ganglion cyst by using a needle (Picture 2). A doctor will numb the area, then insert a needle into the cyst to remove the fluid. The cyst may fill with fluid again since it wasn’t fully removed. This procedure is done in the outpatient clinic.
  • Aspiration is not recommended for volar wrist cysts. There is too much of a risk for damage to blood vessels in this area.
• Surgical excision:  Your child will be put to sleep with anesthesia. This will keep them from feeling pain during surgery. A surgeon will cut out (excise) the whole ganglion cyst. This includes the thin sleeve covering the tendon or joint. Excision greatly reduces the chance of the cyst coming back, but it can still return.
  • Patients wear a splint for 2 weeks after surgery.
  • Surgery is a safe choice, but the recovery time is longer and there are risks like:  infection, scarring, pain, problems healing, bleeding at the surgical site, recurrence (return of the cyst), and possible harm to the blood vessels, nerves, and tissues around the surgical site.

Hand specialists in Plastic Surgery and in Orthopedic Surgery at Nationwide Children’s Hospital take care of many patients with ganglion cysts. They are here to help you and
your child. 

Nationwide Children’s Columbus – call (614) 722-HAND (4263) to schedule an appointment

Nationwide Children’s Toledo – call (419) 251-2061 to schedule an appointment

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Ganglia. Full description: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Tendon ganglion (hygroma) is a benign, neoplastic, cystic neoplasm that occurs in the area of ​​tendon sheaths or joints.

Most often, the tendon ganglion is formed on the back of the hand, but there are also quite frequent cases of hygroma of the knee joint, less often on the back of the foot. Not a single case of degeneration of the ganglion into a malignant tumor has been recorded.

Symptoms:

The tendon ganglion is not considered dangerous, but it can cause pain during the work of the tendon and often becomes quite noticeable visually, and in advanced stages, squeezing of the vessels begins, which leads to stagnation of blood in the veins and pain. On palpation, the ganglion is defined as a tumor-like, round and inactive formation with clear boundaries. Occurs in the region of the joint and is distinguished by a hard-elastic consistency.

When the tendon ganglion is still small, the patient usually does not experience any discomfort.

Reasons for :

In most cases, the causes of the emergence and development of the tendon ganglion is the constant impact (for example, friction or pressure) on a certain area, which is why this disease is often called an occupational disease.

In essence, the hygroma is a degenerative synovial cyst. So, tendon ganglion symptoms, treatment and everything you need to know about this disease.

When to go to the doctor:

As soon as you have a neoplasm, contact a specialist immediately

Forms of the disease:

The ganglion has a connective tissue capsule, often multi-layered. Inside the capsule consists of cavities, which may be several or only one. These cavities contain thickened synovial fluid.

There are several types of hygroma:

• Valve – a valve is formed at the junction of the hygroma capsule and the maternal membrane. When the pressure in the parental cavity is increased by stress or trauma, the synovial fluid begins to flow into the ganglion cavity, but does not move back, as it is blocked by a valve.
• Fistula – tendinous ganglion cavities have an anastomosis together with connections to the tendon sheath or joint. In such cases, the liquid from the hygroma, from time to time, pours out and fills the maternal cavity.
• Isolated – in this case, the ganglion cavity is completely isolated and separated from the maternal membrane. But it still has a place of adhesion with it.

Diagnosis:

The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the history and characteristic clinical manifestations. X-rays may be ordered to rule out osteoarticular pathology. In doubtful cases, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging or ganglion puncture are performed.

Treatment:

Tendon ganglion, conservative and surgical treatment:

Conservative treatment: When the ganglion is still small, the method of mechanical crushing can be used. This is a very painful procedure, which is also generous with relapses. The fact is that when crushed, the liquid in the ganglion cavities can pour out into the surrounding tissues. Sometimes inflammatory reactions or even suppuration may begin. And the damaged shell, after a certain period of time, can recover and then most likely a new ganglion will appear. In official medicine, this method has hardly been used since the 80s of the last century because of its cruelty, pain and inefficiency.

Another method of conservative treatment is ganglion puncture, this method is used not only for therapeutic purposes (when for some reason it is not possible to perform an operation), but also for diagnosis (the contents of the ganglion are taken for research).

For treatment, fluid is pumped out of the ganglion, then the cavity is filled with specialized preparations that contribute to the sclerosis of the ganglion capsule. After that, a bandage and plaster are applied to the place where the ganglion is located to immobilize the limb for a week. Immobilization is important to reduce the production of synovial fluid.

Surgical treatment: when conservative methods are ineffective, and the ganglion causes pain, grows or is too prominent, then only surgical intervention remains – bursectomy.

During this operation, the synovial bag is completely cut, then the tendon ganglion and all its membranes are removed. The operation can be performed under local anesthesia, on an outpatient basis. An anesthetic is injected around the site of ganglion formation and the entire operation takes no more than half an hour.

However, unfortunately, it is impossible to carry out a complete and adequate removal of the ganglion during an outpatient operation, since pain sensitivity remains inside the tissues. Best of all, if the operation is performed under general anesthesia, then there will be a complete shutdown of tissue sensitivity. After the operation, the site where the ganglion was is stitched together and in most cases heals in just 10 or 12 days.

It is very important that after the operation to remove the tendon ganglion, the operated area of ​​the limb is firmly fixed using a plaster splint, which is removed after 2-3 weeks. While the scar is forming, you should not allow movements of the limb in the area where the ganglion was, otherwise there will be a risk of relapse.

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Treatment of tendon ganglion of the hand in the clinic of St.

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What is tendon ganglion? How is the removal going? Recovery after surgery

The tendon ganglion is a small subcutaneous mass located at the base of the finger. The disease develops gradually, for no apparent reason, more often in women. Attention is drawn to when there are pains with pressure in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bdensification. This is especially noticeable to housewives who carry packages loaded with groceries home from the store. The package handles twisted into a tourniquet put pressure on the bases of the fingers, causing pain when they hit the seal.

What is a tendon ganglion?

In orthopedics, ganglion refers to a cavity of tendon sheaths that is filled with a gel-like fluid.

On examination, it is very difficult to notice a slight swelling at the base of the finger on the hand (Fig. 1).

On palpation (palpation) of the hand, the doctor determines a dense formation that looks like a small “pea”. The skin over the formation is freely displaced. When you move your finger, the “pea” retains its location.

Fig.1

Nikitin Alexander Vladimirovich

Traumatologist-orthopedist “SM-Clinic”

“Hygroma does not pose a danger to health and life. If it does not look like an obvious cosmetic defect and does not hurt, then it can not be removed. However, if the hygroma limits the mobility of the joint , hurts and interferes, it is better to perform an operation and get rid of the neoplasm.

Tendon ganglion treatment

The only way to treat this disease is an operation, during which it is necessary to remove the membranes and contents of the ganglion. The operation can be performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. After anesthetizing the necessary area of ​​the hand, a skin incision is made. When diluting the edges of the wound, the tendon ganglion is isolated.

After making sure that the digital neurovascular bundles are set aside and cannot be damaged, the ganglion is excised.

Soft tissues excised during the operation must be sent for histological examination.

Fig.2. Tissues excised during the operation: sheaths of the tendon ganglion (a), contents of the cavity (b).

Fig.2.

Recovery

In the postoperative period, dressings are performed, the sutures are removed 10 days after the operation. A plaster cast is not required. In order to develop a hand faster, physiotherapy treatment, therapeutic exercises, massage of the hand and forearm are prescribed.

There are no means of preventing tendon ganglion development.

There are contraindications. Specialist consultation is required.

Author of the article:
Nikitin Alexander Vladimirovich
operating traumatologist at the SM-Clinic

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