What causes gas in the digestive tract. How much gas is normal to produce daily. Which foods commonly cause gas. What are the symptoms of excessive gas. How can gas-related discomfort be managed effectively.

The Nature and Origins of Digestive Gas

Gas in the digestive tract is a common occurrence that affects everyone. While it can be uncomfortable and sometimes embarrassing, it’s generally not a cause for serious concern. The average person produces between 1 to 4 pints of gas daily and passes gas approximately 14 times a day.

Gas in the digestive system primarily comes from two sources:

1. Aerophagia (air swallowing)
2. Breakdown of undigested foods by bacteria in the large intestine

Most of the gas produced is composed of odorless vapors such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. In some cases, methane is also present. The unpleasant odor associated with flatulence is typically due to sulfur-containing gases released by bacteria in the large intestine.

Aerophagia: The Air We Swallow

Aerophagia, or air swallowing, is a common cause of gas in the digestive tract. This can occur due to various habits and conditions:

• Eating or drinking rapidly
• Chewing gum
• Smoking
• Wearing loose dentures

When we swallow air, most of it is expelled through belching. The remaining gas is partially absorbed in the small intestine, with a small amount passing into the large intestine for eventual release.

Bacterial Breakdown of Undigested Food

The second major source of digestive gas is the breakdown of certain undigested foods by bacteria in the large intestine. This process occurs when carbohydrates (sugars, starches, and fiber) are not fully digested or absorbed in the small intestine, often due to a lack of specific enzymes.

As these undigested foods pass into the large intestine, harmless bacteria break them down, producing hydrogen and carbon dioxide. In about one-third of people, methane is also produced during this process.

Common Gas-Producing Foods

While most carbohydrate-containing foods can potentially cause gas, fats and proteins generally produce little gas. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the following foods are common gas culprits:

• Raffinose: Found in beans, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, other vegetables, and whole grains
• Lactose: Present in milk and dairy products
• Fructose: Found in onions, artichokes, pears, and wheat
• Sorbitol: Naturally occurring in fruits like apples, pears, peaches, and prunes
• Starches: Most starches, including potatoes, corn, noodles, and wheat (rice is an exception)
• Soluble fiber: Found in oat bran, beans, peas, and most fruits
• Insoluble fiber: Present in wheat bran and some vegetables

Recognizing Symptoms of Excessive Gas

While chronic symptoms caused by excessive gas are rare, it’s important to recognize common signs that may indicate a gas-related issue:

• Frequent belching, especially during or after meals
• Abdominal bloating or discomfort
• Increased flatulence
• Stomach or intestinal rumbling

It’s worth noting that chronic belching may sometimes indicate an upper gastrointestinal disorder such as peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or gastritis.

Rare Gas-Related Syndromes

In rare cases, chronic gas issues may be associated with specific syndromes:

1. Meganblase syndrome: Characterized by severe air swallowing and an enlarged bubble of gas in the stomach following heavy meals. Symptoms can mimic those of a heart attack.
2. Gas-bloat syndrome: This may occur after surgery to correct GERD, where a one-way valve is created between the esophagus and stomach.

Managing Gas-Related Discomfort

While gas is a natural part of digestion, there are several strategies to manage and reduce gas-related discomfort:

• Eat and drink slowly to reduce air swallowing
• Avoid carbonated beverages
• Quit smoking
• Ensure dentures fit properly
• Identify and limit consumption of gas-producing foods
• Consider enzyme supplements to aid in digestion of certain foods
• Try over-the-counter anti-gas medications

When to Seek Medical Attention

While gas is usually harmless, there are instances when it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional:

• Persistent or severe abdominal pain
• Changes in bowel habits
• Unexplained weight loss
• Blood in stool
• Chronic diarrhea or constipation

These symptoms may indicate an underlying digestive disorder that requires medical attention.

The Role of Diet in Gas Production

Diet plays a crucial role in gas production. While it’s not always possible or desirable to eliminate all gas-producing foods, understanding how different foods affect your digestive system can help manage symptoms.

Carbohydrates and Gas

Carbohydrates are the primary source of gas in the digestive tract. This is because many carbohydrates are not fully digested in the small intestine and pass into the large intestine where bacteria ferment them, producing gas.

Complex carbohydrates, such as those found in beans and whole grains, are more likely to cause gas than simple carbohydrates. This is because they contain larger molecules that are more difficult for the body to break down.

The FODMAP Connection

FODMAP stands for Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols. These are types of carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine and can lead to increased gas production. Foods high in FODMAPs include:

• Fruits: Apples, pears, peaches, mangoes
• Vegetables: Onions, garlic, mushrooms, cauliflower
• Dairy: Milk, yogurt, soft cheeses
• Grains: Wheat, rye, barley
• Legumes: Beans, lentils, chickpeas

For some individuals, particularly those with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), following a low-FODMAP diet can help reduce gas and other digestive symptoms.

The Impact of Lifestyle on Digestive Gas

Beyond diet, various lifestyle factors can influence gas production and discomfort:

Physical Activity

Regular exercise can help stimulate digestion and promote regular bowel movements, potentially reducing gas buildup. However, intense exercise immediately after eating may exacerbate gas symptoms in some individuals.

Stress and Anxiety

Psychological stress can affect digestive function, potentially leading to increased gas and bloating. Stress management techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or yoga may help alleviate these symptoms.

Sleep Patterns

Poor sleep quality or irregular sleep patterns can disrupt digestive processes, potentially leading to increased gas production. Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule may help regulate digestive function.

Natural Remedies for Gas Relief

In addition to dietary changes and lifestyle modifications, several natural remedies may help alleviate gas-related discomfort:

• Peppermint tea: Known for its ability to soothe the digestive tract and reduce gas
• Ginger: Can help improve digestion and reduce bloating
• Fennel seeds: May help relax the digestive tract and reduce gas
• Activated charcoal: Can help absorb excess gas in the digestive system
• Probiotics: Beneficial bacteria that can help improve digestion and reduce gas production

While these remedies are generally safe, it’s always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.

Understanding the Gut Microbiome’s Role in Gas Production

The gut microbiome, the complex community of microorganisms living in our digestive tract, plays a significant role in gas production. The balance of different bacterial species in our gut can influence how we digest food and, consequently, how much gas we produce.

Probiotics and Prebiotics

Probiotics are live bacteria that can provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. Prebiotics are types of dietary fiber that feed the beneficial bacteria in our gut. Both can influence gas production:

• Probiotics may help reduce gas by improving the overall balance of gut bacteria and aiding in digestion.
• Prebiotics can initially increase gas production as they ferment in the gut, but over time, they may help reduce gas by promoting a healthier gut microbiome.

Foods rich in probiotics include yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi. Prebiotic-rich foods include garlic, onions, leeks, asparagus, and bananas.

Dysbiosis and Gas

Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiome, can lead to increased gas production and other digestive symptoms. Factors that can contribute to dysbiosis include:

• Antibiotic use
• Chronic stress
• Poor diet
• Certain medical conditions

Addressing dysbiosis through dietary changes, stress management, and potentially probiotic supplementation may help reduce excessive gas production.

Gas and Digestive Disorders

While occasional gas is normal, persistent or severe gas symptoms may be associated with certain digestive disorders:

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

IBS is a common digestive disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. Many people with IBS experience increased gas and bloating, particularly after eating certain trigger foods.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

SIBO occurs when there is an abnormal increase in the overall bacterial population in the small intestine. This can lead to increased gas production, bloating, and other digestive symptoms.

Celiac Disease

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption. People with celiac disease may experience increased gas and bloating when they consume gluten-containing foods.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

IBD, which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, can cause inflammation in the digestive tract. This inflammation can lead to altered gut bacteria populations and increased gas production.

If you suspect that your gas symptoms may be related to a digestive disorder, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Technological Advances in Understanding and Managing Digestive Gas

As our understanding of digestive health grows, so does the technology available to study and manage gas-related issues:

Breath Testing

Hydrogen breath tests can help diagnose conditions such as lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). These tests measure the amount of hydrogen in a person’s breath after consuming a specific sugar solution.

Gut Microbiome Testing

Advanced DNA sequencing techniques now allow for detailed analysis of an individual’s gut microbiome. This information can provide insights into potential imbalances that may be contributing to excessive gas production.

Smart Pills

Ingestible sensors, or “smart pills,” are being developed to measure various aspects of digestive health, including gas production and intestinal transit time. These devices could provide real-time data to help diagnose and manage digestive disorders.

Apps and Wearables

Several smartphone apps and wearable devices are now available to help track diet, symptoms, and potential triggers for gas and other digestive issues. These tools can assist in identifying patterns and managing symptoms more effectively.

While these technological advances offer exciting possibilities for understanding and managing digestive gas, it’s important to remember that they should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Cultural Perspectives on Digestive Gas

The perception and management of digestive gas can vary significantly across different cultures:

Western Cultures

In many Western societies, passing gas in public is generally considered impolite. This cultural norm can sometimes lead to anxiety and discomfort for individuals experiencing gas-related issues.

Eastern Cultures

Some Eastern cultures, particularly in parts of China and India, view burping after a meal as a compliment to the chef, indicating satisfaction with the meal. However, passing gas from the other end is still generally considered impolite.

Traditional Medicine Approaches

Various traditional medicine systems have their own approaches to managing digestive gas:

• Traditional Chinese Medicine often uses acupuncture and herbal remedies to address digestive imbalances.
• Ayurvedic medicine, originating in India, may recommend specific dietary changes and herbal preparations to improve digestion and reduce gas.

Understanding these cultural differences can be important in providing culturally sensitive healthcare and advice regarding digestive health.

Future Directions in Gas-Related Research

As our understanding of digestive health continues to evolve, several areas of research show promise for improving our management of gas-related issues:

Personalized Nutrition

Advances in nutrigenomics and microbiome research may lead to more personalized dietary recommendations to manage gas production based on an individual’s genetic makeup and gut bacteria composition.

Novel Enzymes and Probiotics

Research is ongoing to develop new enzyme supplements and probiotic strains that may more effectively aid digestion and reduce gas production.

Gut-Brain Axis

Further exploration of the gut-brain axis may provide insights into how psychological factors influence gas production and perception, potentially leading to new therapeutic approaches.

Biomarkers for Digestive Health

Identification of reliable biomarkers for various digestive disorders could lead to earlier and more accurate diagnosis of conditions associated with excessive gas production.

As research in these areas progresses, we can expect to see more targeted and effective strategies for managing digestive gas and related symptoms.

Gas in the Digestive Tract

What is gas in the digestive tract?

Gas in the digestive tract is created from:

Everyone has gas. It may be uncomfortable and embarrassing, but it is not life-threatening. Gas is eliminated by burping or passing it through the rectum. Most people produce about 1 to 4 pints of gas a day and pass gas about 14 times a day.

Most gas is made up of odorless vapors–carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sometimes methane. Bacteria in the large intestine release gases that contain sulfur and produce an unpleasant odor of flatulence.

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What causes gas in the digestive tract?

Gas in the digestive tract comes from two sources:

• Aerophagia (air swallowing). This is usually caused by eating or drinking rapidly, chewing gum, smoking, or wearing loose dentures.

  Belching is the way most swallowed air leaves the stomach. The remaining gas is partially absorbed into the small intestine and a small amount goes into the large intestine and is released through the rectum.

• Breakdown of certain undigested foods by harmless bacteria naturally present in the large intestine (colon)

  Some carbohydrates (sugar, starches, and fiber) are not digested or absorbed in the small intestine because of a shortage or absence of certain enzymes. The undigested or unabsorbed food then passes into the large intestine, where harmless and normal bacteria break down the food. This process produces hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and, in about one-third of all people, methane gases, which are released through the rectum.

Foods that commonly cause gas

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, most foods that contain carbohydrates can cause gas, however, fats and proteins cause little gas. Foods that cause gas include the following: Raffinose. A complex sugar found in beans, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, other vegetables, and whole grains. Lactose. A natural sugar found in milk and milk products, such as cheese, ice cream, and processed foods, such as bread, cereal, and salad dressing. Gas after eating these foods may mean you have lactose intolerance. Fructose. A sugar found in onions, artichokes, pears, and wheat. Fructose is also used as a sweetener in some soft drinks and fruit drinks. Sorbitol. A sugar found naturally in fruits, including apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. Sorbitol is also used as an artificial sweetener in many dietetic foods and sugar-free candies and gums. Starches. Most starches, including potatoes, corn, noodles, and wheat produce gas as they are broken down in the large intestine. (Rice is the only starch that does not cause gas.) Soluble fiber. Fiber that dissolves easily in water and takes on a soft, gel-like texture in the intestines; is found in oat bran, beans, peas, and most fruits. Insoluble fiber. Fiber, such as that found in wheat bran and some vegetables, which passes essentially unchanged through the intestines and produces little gas.

What are the symptoms of gas?

Chronic symptoms caused by too much gas or by a serious disease are rare. The following are the most common symptoms of gas. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

• Belching. Belching during or after meals is normal, but people who belch frequently may be swallowing too much air and releasing it before the air enters the stomach.

  Chronic belching may also indicate an upper GI disorder, such as peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or gastritis.

  According to the NIDDK, rare, chronic gas syndromes associated with belching include the following:

  • Meganblase syndrome. Meganblase syndrome causes chronic belching. It is characterized by severe air swallowing and an enlarged bubble of gas in the stomach following heavy meals. Fullness and shortness of breath caused by this disorder may mimic a heart attack.

  • Gas-bloat syndrome. Gas-bloat syndrome may occur after surgery to correct GERD. The surgery creates a one-way valve between the esophagus and stomach that allows food and gas to enter the stomach.

• Flatulence. Passing gas through the rectum is called flatulence. Passing gas 14 to 23 times a day is considered normal.

• Abdominal bloating. Bloating is usually the result of an intestinal motility disorder, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Motility disorders are characterized by abnormal movements and contractions of intestinal muscles. These disorders may give a false sensation of bloating because of an increased sensitivity to gas.

  • Splenic-flexure syndrome is a chronic disorder that may be caused by gas trapped at bends (flexures) in the colon.

  • Crohn’s disease, colon cancer, or any disease that causes intestinal obstruction, may also cause abdominal bloating.

  • Internal hernias or adhesions (scar tissue) from surgery may cause bloating or pain.

  • Fatty foods can delay stomach emptying and cause bloating and discomfort, but not necessarily too much gas.

• Abdominal pain and discomfort. Gas in the intestine causes pain for some people. When it collects on the left side of the colon, the pain can be confused with heart disease. When it collects on the right side of the colon, the pain may feel like the pain associated with gallstones or appendicitis.

The symptoms of gas may resemble other medical conditions or problems. Always consult your doctor for a diagnosis.

How is gas in the digestive tract diagnosed?

Symptoms of gas may be caused by a serious disorder, which should be determined. In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, your doctor may suggest the following activities to assist in the diagnosis:

• Abdominal X-ray

• Food diary. You may be asked to keep a diary of foods and beverages consumed for a specific time period, and/or to count the number of times you pass gas during the day.

• Colonoscopy. For people 50 years of age and older, and for those with a family history, the possibility of colorectal cancer is considered. Colonoscopy is a procedure that allows the doctor to view the entire length of the large intestine, and can often help identify abnormal growths, inflamed tissue, ulcers, and bleeding. It involves inserting a colonoscope, a long, flexible, lighted tube, in through the rectum up into the colon. The colonoscope allows the doctor to see the lining of the colon, remove tissue for further examination, and possibly treat some problems that are discovered.

• Sigmoidoscopy. A sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows the doctor to examine the inside of a portion of the large intestine, and is helpful in identifying the causes of diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, abnormal growths, and bleeding. A short, flexible, lighted tube, called a sigmoidoscope, is inserted into the intestine through the rectum. The scope blows air into the intestine to inflate it and make viewing the inside easier.

• Upper GI (gastrointestinal) series (also called barium swallow). For chronic belching, your doctor will look for signs or causes of excessive air swallowing and may request an upper GI series. An upper GI series is a diagnostic test that examines the organs of the upper part of the digestive system: the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first section of the small intestine). A fluid called barium (a metallic, chemical, chalky, liquid used to coat the inside of organs so that they will show up on an X-ray) is swallowed. X-rays are then taken to evaluate the digestive organs.

Treatment for gas in the digestive tract

Specific treatment for gas in the digestive tract will be determined by your doctor based on:

• Your age, overall health, and medical history

• Extent of the condition

• Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies

• Expectations for the course of the condition

• Your opinion or preference

Preventing gas in the digestive tract

The most common ways to reduce the discomfort of gas include the following:

Gas in stomach: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

Reasons for gas in the stomach range from swallowing air to colon cancer. Burping often helps reduce gas, bloating, and discomfort. However, people with persistent or worsening gas may need medical attention for an underlying condition.

Mild or infrequent episodes of stomach gas are not usually a cause for concern. However, frequent or persistent stomach gas can sometimes indicate an underlying gastrointestinal condition that requires treatment.

This article outlines the symptoms of stomach gas and its various causes. It also outlines the different treatment options for stomach gas and provides information about when to see a doctor.

Share on PinterestStomach gas can cause issues ranging from burping and flatulence to heartburn and indigestion.

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the most common symptoms of gas in the stomach include:

• burping
• flatulence
• bloating
• abdominal pain or discomfort

In some cases, other symptoms may accompany gas in the stomach, such as:

• indigestion
• heartburn
• diarrhea
• constipation

There are various reasons why a person might experience gas.

Gas in the stomach and upper abdomen

Reasons for gas in the stomach and upper abdomen include:

Swallowing air

People usually swallow a little bit of air while eating, and this can make the stomach or upper abdomen feel full. Burping generally helps to release the gas and reduce bloating and discomfort.

The NIDDK note that a person swallows more air during the following:

• eating or drinking too fast
• chewing gum
• sucking on hard candy
• drinking carbonated drinks, such as soda, sparkling water, and beer
• smoking
• wearing ill-fitting dentures that reduce chewing efficiency

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

GERD is a condition in which stomach acid and other stomach contents frequently leak out of the stomach and up into the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that connects the mouth and stomach.

The most common symptoms of GERD are acid reflux and heartburn. As a 2015 case study notes, stomach gas and belching are other common symptoms of GERD.

People who experience GERD-related stomach gas may notice that their burps have a foul taste or cause them to regurgitate food.

Gas in the lower abdomen

Below are some potential causes of gas in the lower abdomen.

Fermentation

A person experiencing symptoms of gas in the lower part of their belly or abdomen may be experiencing gas from fermentation.

Stomach acid helps to break down food and pass it on to the intestines. The intestines break down the food even further in a process that sometimes releases gases.

These gases either make their way to the stomach and leave the body as a burp or travel through the intestines and leave the body as flatulence.

Some foods may produce gas more than others. The NIDDK list some common foods that may cause gas, including:

• greens, such as kale, cabbage, and Brussel sprouts
• vegetables, such as onions, cauliflower, and broccoli
• beans, including black, pinto, and kidney beans
• dairy products, such as cheese, yogurt, and ice cream
• high fiber foods, such as whole grains and fruits
• sugar substitutes and sweeteners, such as sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an umbrella term for a group of digestive symptoms that can cause pain, discomfort, and changes in bowel movements.

A person with IBS may experience an excessive amount of intestinal gas. This excess gas may lead to abdominal pain, bloating, and flatulence. Other possible symptoms of IBS include:

• constipation
• diarrhea
• bowel incontinence
• nausea
• back pain

The exact cause of IBS remains unknown. However, experts believe that it may be due to food passing through the intestines too quickly or too slowly.

Bacterial overgrowth

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is the medical term for excess bacteria in the small intestine. Experts believe that the condition is due to a lack of movement in the small intestine.

Excessive intestinal bacteria can cause a build-up of gas, which may lead to bloating and flatulence.

Other possible symptoms of SIBO inlcude:

• abdominal pain
• diarrhea or constipation
• nausea
• fatigue

In extreme cases, the small intestine may be unable to absorb sufficient nutrients from food. This may lead to complications, such as weight loss and anemia.

A 2020 study notes that SIBO is a common but underdiagnosed condition, as the symptoms appear similar to other digestive disorders.

Food intolerances

Frequent bloating and intestinal gas can sometimes indicate a food intolerance. This is where the body is unable to digest certain foods properly.

Common food intolerances include:

• Lactose intolerance: Inability to digest the sugar “lactose,” found in milk and dairy products.
• Fructose intolerance: Inability to digest the fruit sugar “fructose.”
• Gluten intolerance: Inability to digest gluten proteins that exist in cereal grains.

Celiac disease is similar to gluten intolerance but more severe. Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition in which consuming gluten causes the immune system to attack healthy cells in the small intestine.

Some general symptoms of food intolerances include:

• bloating
• flatulence
• abdominal pain
• diarrhea
• skin rashes and itching

Other potential causes

Some less common causes of stomach gas include:

• chronic constipation
• peptic ulcers
• hernias
• intestinal blockages
• colon cancer

Some causes of stomach gas may improve with home remedies alone. Others may require over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medications.

Home remedies

A person who experiences mild or infrequent episodes of stomach gas may want to try home remedies before seeking a medical diagnosis and treatment. Below are some general tips for alleviating stomach gas at home.

Lifestyle changes

Some lifestyle changes that may help to alleviate stomach gas include:

• chewing food thoroughly
• avoiding chewing gum and hard candy
• avoiding carbonated beverages
• avoiding smoking
• ensuring that dentures or other dental devices fit correctly

People may also benefit from keeping a food journal to record what and when they eat and when they experience symptoms. This will help to identify any trigger foods. After identifying the foods, a person can alter their diet to avoid those foods in the future.

Herbal remedies

Anecdotally, some people report relief from stomach gas using various herbs, such as:

• peppermint
• chamomile
• fennel
• clove

Medications

In some cases, people may require OTC or prescription medications to help alleviate stomach gas and associated symptoms.

OTC medications

People with certain food intolerances can take digestive enzymes before a meal to help their body digest problematic foods. Common examples include taking lactase to help digest milk products or taking alpha-galactosidase (Beano) to help break down carbohydrates, fiber, and protein from beans and vegetables.

For someone already experiencing gas, OTC products containing simethicone can help combine gas bubbles, making the gas easier to pass. Examples of such products include:

• Gas-X
• Imodium
• Mylanta

Prescription medications

Doctors may recommend prescription medications for people who cannot find relief from home remedies and OTC options.

The type of medication a doctor prescribes will depend on the underlying condition causing the gas. Some medications a doctor may prescribe include:

• medications to manage GERD, such as:
  • antacids to alleviate heartburn
  • h3 blockers to decrease the production of stomach acid
  • proton pump inhibitors to reduce the production of stomach acid and help heal the esophagus
  • prokinetics to help the stomach empty faster
• medications to manage IBS, such as:
  • antispasmodics to alleviate abdominal pain and cramping
  • laxatives to help relieve constipation
  • antimotility medications to help alleviate diarrhea
• antibiotics to help treat SIBO

In many cases, gas in the stomach is not a cause for concern, and symptoms will pass with little or no treatment.

However, anyone experiencing frequent or persistent stomach gas should see their doctor for a full diagnosis.

Stomach gas that occurs alongside other symptoms, such as weight loss or changes in bowel movements, also warrants medical attention. These symptoms could indicate an underlying medical condition that requires treatment and management to prevent any long-term complications.

Mild or occasional stomach gas is usually not a cause for concern. In such cases, people can usually find relief using simple home remedies and OTC medications.

However, a person should see their doctor if they experience frequent or persistent stomach gas. This could be a sign of an underlying medical condition that requires treatment or careful management.

Treatment should help alleviate symptoms while preventing the risk of further health complications.

Flatulence

Hemorrhoids

Esophageal hernia

Gastroesophageal reflux

Irritable bowel syndrome

Diverticulitis

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February 26

Flatulence – the causes of occurrence, in which diseases it occurs, diagnosis and methods of treatment.

Excessive gas formation in the gastrointestinal tract leads to severe discomfort, especially if it is impossible to hold gases. Gaseous substances that fill the lumen of the stomach and intestines include hydrogen, methane, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. Together with food, air can enter the stomach, but mostly gases are a waste product of microorganisms, and also arise as a result of the interaction of hydrochloric acid of the stomach with bicarbonate coming from the pancreas. Increased gas formation is accompanied by bloating, a feeling of fullness and pain. This phenomenon is called flatulence.

In some cases, spastic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract interfere with the passage of gases, and sometimes a person cannot control this process even with a slight content of gases in the intestines.

Varieties of flatulence

Flatulence occurs with increased processes of gas formation and deterioration of intestinal motility.

Excess gas is removed from the stomach by eructations , from the intestines – through the rectum . In addition, gases can enter the bloodstream and be released with exhaled air. Gases formed in the intestines are absorbed only in the small intestine, where their bubbles are mixed with liquid contents. In the large intestine, gases are not absorbed into the blood due to the high density of feces, so the only way out for them is through the rectum, which occurs on average 15-20 times a day. Participating in the regulation of the intestines, gases have a different effect on its function: methane slows down the passage of feces and contributes to the development of constipation, hydrogen reduces the motility of the ileum, but promotes the promotion of contents in the final sections of the colon.

Possible causes of increased gas production and incontinence

The reasons for the development of flatulence may be associated with: 1) dietary habits; 2) indigestion; 3) imbalance in the composition of the intestinal microflora; 4) impaired intestinal motility. Overfilling with gases of the stomach leads to belching, which often bothers patients with incomplete closure of the cardiac sphincter in hiatal hernia, gastroesophageal reflux disease 0018 .

In addition, impaired motility of the gastrointestinal tract in gastric ulcer, biliary dyskinesia, and some intestinal diseases is also accompanied by rapid belching, sometimes even with regurgitation. With the development of putrefactive processes in the stomach with gastroparesis belching may have an unpleasant odor.

However, often belching is not a symptom of the disease, but an indicator of malnutrition.

For example, when eating food hastily, a person can swallow a large amount of air. Also, excess gas in the stomach occurs after drinking carbonated drinks.

If gases fill the intestines, there is a feeling of bloating.

It can occur due to an excessive content of gaseous substances, and be subjective due to the increased sensitivity of the intestinal mucosa.

Often this symptom occurs in functional disorders: irritable bowel syndrome, diseases of the pancreas accompanied by enzymatic deficiency, reproduction of pathological microflora. An increased formation of gases occurs when a large amount of legumes, cabbage, onions, carrots, raisins, bananas, apples, grapes, yeast dough products are consumed. Evidence of functional disorders is the appearance of swelling some time after eating. In the morning, before breakfast, this sensation is absent.

An unpleasant symptom is gas incontinence, which is possible even with their slight accumulation in the intestine. Such a problem may occur in patients with cracks and fistulas in the anus.

Gas incontinence is also a concern for patients with anal sphincter insufficiency. As a rule, this condition accompanies other types of pathology – hemorrhoids, prolapse of the rectum. Sometimes insufficiency of the internal anal sphincter can be the result of neurological disorders, surgical interventions or injuries, accompanied by the formation of scars and strictures.

The sphincter muscles weaken with age, which is why the problem of gas incontinence is more common in older people.

With intestinal diverticula – sac-like protrusions of the mucous membrane and submucosa of the intestine – bloating and profuse discharge of gases are almost always observed.

In addition, there are feelings of fullness and heaviness in the abdomen, pain in the left iliac region and irregular, spastic stools (“sheep”). Often there is rumbling in the abdomen and rapid discharge of gases with an unpleasant odor.

In women, uncontrolled gas discharge develops in the last months of pregnancy, after childbirth due to pelvic floor dysfunction. The same problem occurs in one third of patients with prolapse and prolapse of the uterus and in a small percentage of cases with pathological lengthening of the cervix.

Gas incontinence occurs with lesions of the central nervous system due to injuries of the spine and head, and in this case it is accompanied by uncontrolled fecal and urination. With an epileptic seizure in the relaxation phase, urine, gases and feces can also occur. Gas control is lost at mental disorders (manic-depressive syndrome, dementia) and psycho-emotional stress.

Which doctors should I contact?

The problem of increased gas formation and uncontrolled discharge of gases can occur under different conditions of the body. In any case, you should visit
primary care physician. If the symptoms of flatulence bother a woman during pregnancy, after childbirth, or flatulence is accompanied by other symptoms, you should consult a
gynecologist. If bowel diverticula, anal sphincter insufficiency, or gastrointestinal dyskinesia are suspected, referral should be made to
gastroenterologist.

Diagnostics and examinations

If uncontrolled gas discharge occurs during pregnancy, after childbirth, as a rule, additional examination is not required. When complaining of a constant discharge of gases without symptoms of bloating, it is necessary to check the condition of the anal sphincter and intestines. For this, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are performed.

If gas incontinence is accompanied by bloating, pain, a feeling of fullness, an examination of the entire gastrointestinal tract is required to exclude the pathology of the biliary tract, pancreas and intestines. To rule out diverticula, your doctor may order a barium X-ray contrast study, a colonoscopy, a helical CT scan, and a comprehensive abdominal ultrasound examination.

Biliary dyskinesia can be detected using an ultrasound of the gallbladder, and an ultrasound of the pancreas.

If the doctor suspects a violation of intestinal motility as the cause of flatulence, he may prescribe an electrogastroenterography and manometry.

Be sure to conduct laboratory tests to assess enzymatic deficiency and intestinal microflora.

In these cases, informative general;

complex biochemical blood test with determination of total protein and albumin,

bilirubin and its fractions,

as well as a coprogram.

Treatment

Bloating and increased gas can be both a sign of a disease and a consequence of an improper diet and lifestyle. You can cope with these symptoms only by establishing their cause.

In any case, it is necessary to normalize the diet and exclude gas-forming products from the diet.

Functional disorders involve correction of the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, microflora and elimination of enzymatic deficiency. It is also necessary to eliminate the causes of psycho-emotional stress. To reduce the pressure of gases in the intestine, adsorbents (activated carbon, etc.), carminatives, enzymatic preparations are used.

If the cause of uncontrolled gas passage is an insufficiency of the anal sphincter due to hemorrhoids, fissure or fistula, surgical treatment is necessary. At intestinal diverticula non-drug treatment is possible, which involves changes in lifestyle and diet. Patients are not recommended cleansing enemas and the use of laxatives. Nutrition should include fiber-rich foods. Antispasmodics, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, non-selective calcium channel antagonists, and water-soluble fiber preparations are used as drug therapy.

What should be done in case of flatulence?

With increased gas formation and bloating, it is desirable to identify those foods that cause flatulence, and refuse them or reduce their number.

After the digestion processes are normalized, these products should be introduced into the diet gradually, helping the intestines with enzyme preparations. The improvement of peristalsis is facilitated by the consumption of a sufficient amount of liquid – up to 2-2.5 liters per day.

It is advisable not to eat foods containing a large amount of fat, and sweet dishes. Fermentation in the intestines is also facilitated by fruits and foods containing yeast. Before cooking legumes (which contribute to the occurrence of flatulence), you should first soak them in water.

It is very important to eat properly to prevent swallowing air while eating.

Eating should be done slowly, avoiding lying down. An active lifestyle and moderate physical activity contribute to the reduction of flatulence.

Sources:

1. Clinical guidelines “Irritable bowel syndrome”. Developed by: Russian Gastroenterological Association, Association of Coloproctologists of Russia. – 2021.
2. Clinical guidelines “Diverticular disease”. Developed by: Russian Gastroenterological Association, Association of Coloproctologists of Russia. – 2021.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes in dynamics, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

Increased gas formation in the intestines and stomach – causes, treatment

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Suffering from increased gas production? What to do.

November 12, 2019

Increased flatulence or flatulence is a common and rather unpleasant pathology.

Increased gas formation or flatulence is a common and rather unpleasant pathology. Flatulence can be an independent disorder or a symptom of another disease. The causes of increased gas formation are often diet errors and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. If you are tormented by increased gas formation, you should find out its nature together with the doctor and carry out a timely correction.

Increased intestinal gas

Increased gas formation in the intestines is one of several causes of flatulence in adults. The content of gases in the gastrointestinal tract can increase due to three factors:

• Aerophagia or swallowing of air. Excess gas comes from the mouth when chewing or drinking liquids through a straw.
• Increased gas formation in the stomach. Occurs due to the contact of gastric acid and food alkalis.
• Actually increased gas formation in the intestines. It is a consequence of the processes of fermentation and dysbacteriosis.

In most patients with increased gas formation, the cause of the problem is nutritional factors – eating certain foods.

Causes of increased gas formation in the intestines

With increased gas formation in the intestines, the cause is often the excessive intake of such foods:

• legumes (peas, beans, etc.),
• apples,
• cabbage,
• bread (especially black),
• beer,
• carbonated (especially sweet) drinks, etc.

Alimentary or food flatulence is its most harmless form. This condition is easily eliminated by the exclusion from the diet of the above products or by reducing their number.

Less often, in patients with increased gas formation in the intestine, gastrointestinal diseases are the cause. Gastritis, esophagitis, colitis, enzymatic deficiency, adhesive disease, tumors of the abdominal cavity – this is not a complete list of pathologies that may be accompanied by metorism. Sometimes in patients with persistent flatulence, a parasitic invasion is found – various types of worms that change the normal processes of digestion.

Increased gas formation in the stomach

Increased gas formation in the stomach is manifested by belching and a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen. Pathology can occur for two reasons. Aerophagia, leading to the accumulation of air in the stomach, is a consequence of hasty eating, smoking, drinking drinks through a straw.

Often the condition is observed in patients with defects in the dentition, diseases of the nasopharynx. Increased gas formation in the stomach is sometimes the result of a chemical reaction between the hydrochloric acid of gastric juice and the alkalis of food. In this case, carbon dioxide is released, which inflates the walls of the stomach.

What causes increased gas formation in the stomach

As already mentioned, the use of gas-producing foods is why increased gas formation in the stomach occurs most often. Correction of the diet in such cases quickly eliminates the symptoms. However, it happens that even the complete exclusion of unwanted products does not solve the problem.

Such a development of events may indicate the presence of anatomical or functional changes in the gastrointestinal tract. The causes of increased gas formation in the stomach can also be diseases such as:

• peptic ulcer,
• gastritis,
• reflux esophagitis,
• duodenitis,
• secretory insufficiency,
• abdominal adhesions,
• tumors of the stomach and duodenum.

Any of the above diseases may be complicated or manifested by flatulence. However, in addition to bloating, other symptoms are usually noted: pain, changes in body weight, and a shift in laboratory parameters.

How to treat gas

Any violation of the activity of the intestines or stomach should be analyzed by a doctor gastroenterologist. With alimentary increased gas formation, treatment consists in taking drugs that precipitate gases and correcting the diet.

Among the drugs, the most effective are three groups: sorbents, defoamers and herbal remedies. All of them have a certain effect in symptomatic increased gas formation in the intestine. In this case, treatment often begins with defoamers, which are considered the most effective.

The disadvantages of sorbents are their low selectivity and the possibility of only a short-term intake. Such drugs absorb both harmful and beneficial substances, and with prolonged use they lead to vitamin deficiency and a lack of minerals. Herbal carminatives (often these are preparations based on dill) do not always have a sufficient effect.

With painful increased gas formation, treatment should be carried out after a detailed clarification of the nature of the process.