What are the characteristics of a gash cut. How can you determine if a gash cut requires stitches. What are the proper steps for treating a gash cut at home. When should you seek professional medical care for a gash cut.

What Is a Gash Cut and How Does It Differ from Other Types of Wounds?

A gash cut is a deep, open wound that typically results from a sharp object slicing through the skin and underlying tissues. Unlike superficial cuts or scrapes, gash cuts often penetrate multiple layers of skin and can expose muscle, fat, or even bone.

Characteristics of a gash cut include:

• Significant depth, often more than half an inch
• Jagged or irregular edges
• Profuse bleeding
• Potential exposure of underlying tissues
• High risk of infection if not properly treated

Gash cuts can occur from various causes, such as accidents with sharp tools, falls onto rough surfaces, or impacts from blunt objects. The severity of a gash cut often necessitates professional medical attention to ensure proper healing and minimize the risk of complications.

Assessing the Severity: When Do Gash Cuts Require Stitches?

Determining whether a gash cut requires stitches is crucial for proper wound care and healing. Several factors come into play when making this assessment:

Size and Depth

How deep is the cut? If the gash is deeper or longer than half an inch, it likely requires stitches. Deep cuts that expose underlying tissues such as muscle, bone, or fat tissue almost always need professional medical attention.

Location

Where is the gash located? Cuts across joints, on the face, near the eyes, or on the genitals typically require immediate medical care and stitches due to their sensitive nature and potential for complications.

Cause of Injury

What caused the gash? Wounds from animal or human bites, rusty or contaminated objects, or those containing debris like gravel or glass should be evaluated by a medical professional, as they pose a higher risk of infection.

Bleeding Severity

Is the bleeding profuse or prolonged? If direct pressure fails to stop the bleeding after 10 minutes, seek immediate medical attention as stitches may be necessary.

First Aid for Gash Cuts: Steps to Take Before Seeking Medical Help

While severe gash cuts require professional medical attention, knowing how to provide immediate first aid is crucial. Follow these steps:

1. Clean your hands thoroughly with soap and water.
2. Apply direct pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or sterile gauze to control bleeding.
3. Elevate the injured area above the heart if possible to reduce blood flow.
4. Clean the wound gently with cool or lukewarm water. Avoid using hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, as they can damage tissue.
5. Apply an antibiotic ointment if available and cover the wound with a sterile bandage.
6. Seek medical attention if the bleeding doesn’t stop or if the wound meets any criteria for stitches.

The Importance of Proper Wound Care: Preventing Infection and Promoting Healing

Proper wound care is essential for preventing infection and promoting optimal healing of gash cuts. Even if a cut doesn’t require stitches, following these guidelines can help ensure a smooth recovery:

• Keep the wound clean and dry
• Change dressings regularly, at least once a day or when they become wet or dirty
• Monitor for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, warmth, or pus
• Avoid picking at scabs or reopening the wound
• Protect the wound from further injury during daily activities
• Follow any specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider

By adhering to proper wound care practices, you can significantly reduce the risk of complications and promote faster healing of gash cuts.

Complications of Untreated Gash Cuts: Why Prompt Medical Attention Matters

Neglecting proper treatment for gash cuts can lead to serious complications. Understanding these risks underscores the importance of seeking timely medical care:

Infection

Without proper cleaning and closure, gash cuts are highly susceptible to bacterial infection. Signs of infection include increased pain, redness, swelling, warmth around the wound, and pus discharge.

Delayed Healing

Untreated gash cuts may take significantly longer to heal, increasing the risk of scarring and prolonged discomfort.

Tetanus Risk

Deep cuts, especially those caused by rusty or dirty objects, pose a risk of tetanus infection. Ensuring your tetanus vaccination is up to date is crucial.

Scarring

Improper healing of gash cuts can result in more noticeable and potentially disfiguring scars, particularly on visible areas like the face.

Functional Impairment

Gash cuts near joints or on areas that experience frequent movement may lead to reduced flexibility or function if not properly treated.

Advanced Treatment Options for Severe Gash Cuts

In cases of severe gash cuts, medical professionals may employ various advanced treatment options to ensure proper healing and minimize complications:

Suturing Techniques

Different suturing methods may be used depending on the location and severity of the gash cut. These include simple interrupted sutures, continuous sutures, or even specialized techniques for facial wounds.

Skin Adhesives

For certain types of cuts, medical-grade skin adhesives or “liquid stitches” may be used as an alternative to traditional sutures.

Debridement

In cases where the wound contains debris or dead tissue, a procedure called debridement may be necessary to clean the wound thoroughly and promote healing.

Antibiotics

Depending on the nature and location of the gash cut, oral or topical antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent or treat infection.

Advanced Dressings

Specialized dressings, such as hydrocolloid or alginate dressings, may be used to promote optimal wound healing in certain cases.

Long-Term Care and Scar Management for Gash Cuts

After the initial healing phase, proper long-term care is essential for minimizing scarring and ensuring the best possible outcome for gash cuts:

Scar Massage

Gentle massage of the healed wound can help improve blood flow and reduce scar tissue formation. This should only be done after the wound has completely closed and with guidance from a healthcare provider.

Silicone Sheets or Gels

Silicone-based products have been shown to be effective in reducing the appearance of scars. These can be applied to the healed wound area as directed by a medical professional.

Sun Protection

Protecting healing wounds and scars from sun exposure is crucial. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF on the affected area when exposed to sunlight.

Moisturization

Keeping the healed wound area well-moisturized can help improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of scars. Use a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer as recommended by your healthcare provider.

Professional Treatments

For significant scarring, professional treatments such as laser therapy, microneedling, or chemical peels may be recommended. These should only be performed by qualified professionals.

Remember that scar healing is a gradual process that can take months or even years. Patience and consistent care are key to achieving the best possible outcome.

Preventing Gash Cuts: Safety Measures and Precautions

While accidents can happen, taking preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of sustaining gash cuts:

Use Proper Safety Equipment

When engaging in activities that pose a risk of cuts, such as woodworking or gardening, always wear appropriate protective gear like gloves, safety glasses, and long-sleeved clothing.

Handle Sharp Objects with Care

Exercise caution when using knives, scissors, or other sharp tools. Always cut away from your body and keep fingers clear of cutting edges.

Maintain a Safe Environment

Keep your living and working spaces free of hazards that could cause falls or collisions. Secure loose carpets, remove clutter, and ensure adequate lighting to prevent accidents.

Use Tools Properly

Familiarize yourself with the correct usage of tools and equipment. Follow manufacturer instructions and safety guidelines to minimize the risk of injury.

Stay Alert and Focused

Avoid distractions when performing tasks that involve sharp objects or potentially dangerous equipment. Fatigue and inattention can increase the risk of accidents.

Teach Children Safety Practices

Educate children about the proper handling of sharp objects and the importance of safety measures. Supervise young children during activities that pose a risk of injury.

By implementing these preventive measures, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of sustaining gash cuts and other injuries in your daily life.

gash – definition and meaning

5 signs you need stitches

Summer months mean more time puttering in the garden and playing outdoors. But summer fun also means an increased risk of cuts and abrasions, whether from a mishap with the pruning shears or a wipe-out at the skate park or along the bike trail.

While most  scrapes and minor cuts can be cleaned, bandaged and taken care of at home, a deep gash or wound might require professional medical attention to ensure proper healing and reduce the risk of infection. But it’s not always obvious when a cut or wound needs stitches. Here are a few factors that may help you make the call.  

1. Size

If the cut or wound is deeper or longer than half an inch, you’ll likely need stitches.

2. Appearance

If the injury is wide or gaping, or you see muscle, bone or fatty tissue, you’ll need immediate medical care and stitches.

3.

Location

Where it’s at is key to whether or not you need stitches. A wound across a joint, on the face, on or near the eye, or on the genitals requires immediate medical attention.

4. Cause

Some cuts and wounds pose a greater risk for infection or other diseases, so you’ll want to get them checked out and closed up quickly. If your injury is from a bite or scratch, you may also need a tetanus booster or antibiotics.

Puncture wounds and cuts from a rusty or contaminated object, or any wound that contains debris, such as gravel or broken glass, should be evaluated by a medical provider.

5. Bleeding

Regardless of how an injury looks or how it happened, profuse and prolonged bleeding probably means you need stitches.  

When to go to Indigo Urgent Care

MultiCare Indigo Urgent Care is here to clean and treat your minor cuts and scrapes, including lacerations that require stitches. Visit your nearby Indigo location for the following:

• Straight cuts that have edges you can easily push together
• Shallow facial cuts
• Cuts or abrasions that have embedded dirt
• Bites from an animal or human that are not very deep
• Cuts that aren’t serious but were caused by rusty and dirty objects

Your injury may be more serious. Go to an emergency department if:

• The cut is long, deep or gaping.
• Bleeding is heavy or will not stop after applying direct pressure for 10 minutes.
• The cut or abrasion is on your genitalia, or on or near your eye.
• You have numbness or tingling around the area of the wound.
• A foreign object is stuck in the wound.  

Care you need, right away

Indigo Urgent Care is open from 8 am to 8 pm, seven days a week to provide prompt care for adults and children with minor injuries and illnesses.

If your injury is severe or life-threatening, go to your nearest emergency room right away. If you suspect you may need stitches for a minor cut or abrasion, find an Indigo location near you.

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What To Do When You Cut Your Finger

Your hands are the most versatile tools you can imagine. They tie, type, zip, poke, grip, grab and hold onto everything within an arm’s reach. They handle nearly everything you interact with during the average day—including the more dangerous things. With your fingers being in everything from sand to water to laundry to cooking, cuts are bound to happen. What happens when you get one, though? What should you do when you get a more serious cut on your finger? Each Urgency Room through the Twin Cities is here to help you when you seriously wound your finger as well as when you experience a minor cut.

You Cut Your Finger, Now What?

Cutting your fingers can be a serious event and should be addressed immediately so to avoid developing an infection. Whether your finger has a small cut to a bigger gash, your first priority is to assess the wound and its severity. Is it a clean cut or a jagged tear? How deep is the cut? See exactly where the source of bleeding is stemming from and proceed from there. Remember, though, no matter how bad the cut, remain calm. A calm mind will be able to prioritize what needs to happen and focus on helping your cut.

1. Stop the Bleeding

   The very first step to treating a cut finger is to stop the bleeding. One way to stop bleeding from a small, simple cut is to run it under cold water. This will help contract the blood vessels to slow bleeding. Another easy way to stop bleeding from any sort of wound is to apply firm and steady pressure to the cut. Make sure you use a clean cloth or piece of gauze—don’t grab the nearest dirty towel and apply it to your wound.

   If your cut is particularly serious or bleeding heavily and the cloth you apply starts to become saturated with blood, don’t remove it—you risk removing whatever clot had started to form over the cut. Instead, place more clean cloth or gauze over the existing cloth or gauze. Consider wrapping it with more gauze or bandages until the bleeding subsides.

   If you cut your finger in a way that a flap of skin is extending over the wound, don’t take it off. As tempting as it may be, removing that flap of skin may prolong your healing process. If you accidentally cut a portion of your finger off, make sure to place the severed portion in a clean plastic bag to bring with you to the doctor. If you can, pack the plastic bag in ice.

2. Clean Your Cut

   While you may be tempted to, don’t use hydrogen peroxide, iodine or Mercurochrome. You may have seen your grandmother dump this stuff on even minor cuts in the past, but the truth is that hydrogen peroxide and iodine can cause tissue damage while Mercurochrome has high levels of mercury—all should be avoided.

   Once the bleeding has subsided, remove the gauze or bandages and simply wash with water. If you wash with water and soap, ensure the soap is relatively mild and that you wash it out of the wound completely so to prevent irritation to your cut.

3. Bandage the Cut

   Once the cut on your finger has stopped bleeding, been cleaned and dried, it’s time to dress the wound. To reduce the risk of infection and help numb any pain or swelling that you may be starting to feel, apply a small amount of an antibacterial cream. After that’s applied, cover your wound with a sterile bandage. Make sure to clean the wound and replace the bandage daily. Keep a close watch on your cut to make sure it’s healing properly. Depending on your age, your health and the severity of the cut, it could take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks to fully heal.

When You Should Go to a Physician for Your Finger Cut

While the majority of minor cuts to your fingers can be cared for in your home, there are times when a cut should be seen by a physician. If a cut is especially large, deep, or resulted in part of your finger missing, head to your nearest Urgency Room to be seen quickly by caring and experienced physician.

When to Go to the Urgency Room for Your Finger Cut:

• The cut won’t stop bleeding
• Part of your finger has been cut off
• The area around the cut feels numb
• The area around the cut is swollen
• You can see the bone
• The edges of the cut are jagged or torn
• You notice infection or discharge developing in the days after cutting your finger

If you need to see a physician for a cut on your finger, come to your nearest Urgency Room. With convenient locations situated off of major highways running through the Twin Cities, coming to our Woodbury, Vadnais Heights or Eagan locations is an easy trip. Often times you’ll only wait a few minutes to be seen by our nurses and physicians, meaning you can be in an out in a fraction of the time when compared with your average waiting room stuffed with people. You can check out live waiting room times at each location here and decide how soon you want to be seen for your cut finger.

Each Urgency Room is owned and operated by the Emergency Physicians Professional Association (EPPA) and is staffed with highly qualified and experienced physicians, nurses and medical technicians. Check out our comprehensive medical services offered when you need it most. Each location is open 365 days per year, including holidays, from 8 A.M. to 10 P.M. whether you cut your finger while cutting sandwiches for the kids’ lunches or carving the Thanksgiving turkey, The Urgency Room will be here when you need us for even your worst cuts on your fingers.

Words for cloze test: cut, gash, incision, slash, slit

 Cut, Gash, Incision, Slash, Slit
These words have almost same meaning–to cut–but they are used in different situation. These words are asked in cloze tests. We will learn more about these words in this post.

Let’s learn more about these cloze-test wrods.
Cut is a verb, noun, and adjective. As a verb it means to slice with sharp edge instrument.
As a noun it means the act of slicing with sharp edge instrument.
As an adjective it means something that has been separated into parts.
a cut forehead, a cut apple

Incision is a noun. It means the act of making a cut in something. Incision is a sharp cut made in something, particularly during a medical operation. 
It originates from Latin word “incidere” meaning ‘cut into’ from “in” meaning ‘into’ and “caedere” meaning ‘to cut’.
Usages:

1. Most weight loss surgery today is done through small incisions.
2. Three of the six incisions from the surgery were leaking.
3. But then, as the surgeon made the first incision, she woke up.

A gash is a long, deep cut in the surface of something or your skin. If you gash something, you accidentally make a long and deep cut in it.
Usages:

1. He got a nasty gash in his leg while playing football.
2. Robbers gashed the head of the man.

To slash something is to quickly and violently cut it. If you slash at a person or thing, you quickly hit at them with something sharp such as sword or a knife.
As a noun, it means a long and deep cut also.
The word slash is also used for decreasing price of something.

• Prices of apples’ products were slashed.

Usages:

1. The man slashed her throat.
2. He then poured paint over the family cars and slashed their tyres.
3. His throat also was slashed, the charges say.

Slit means a long narrow cut or opening 
As a verb it means to make a long narrow cut or opening in something.
Usages:

1. He began to slit open each envelope.
2. She watched her husband through a slit in the curtain.

Incision or Gash or Slash or Slit. Differences:
An incision is a cut made for the purpose to gaining entry. Incision is made at the time of surgery.
A gash is a long and broad cut, usually accidentally produced. Someone can get gash when an accident happens to them.
A slash is a long, often deep cut with intent to injure with some sharp instrument like a sword or a knife. It is made by a long-swinging motion.
A slit is long and thin cut. An opener produces a slit in an sealed question paper. Students slit the sealed question paper purposely to see the questions before exam gets started.

Gash vs Slash vs Slit

The word gash means a jagged and ugly wound, and it is accidentally produced. 
Whereas, slash is a lengthy wound with some depth and it is intentionally produced.
Slit is a more precisely and narrower wound. It may be accidentally or intentionally produced.

How to Know if a Cut Requires Stitches

You’re putting away leftovers from dinner when your young son shuffles into the room, wailing. You hurry over to him and notice blood dripping from his arm. As you move his shaking hands away from the blood, you see a large gash. “I cut myself climbing the fence,” he whimpers.

Immediately you ask yourself this question:

Does it require stitches, or a quick antibiotic and bandage?

If you have been in a similar situation, it’s important to know if a cut requires stitches. If a deep cut does not get the proper treatment, it can become infected or not heal properly.

What to Look For:

A cut may require stitches if:

1. You see bone, tendon, muscle or fatty tissue, even if bleeding is not severe.
2. The cut is on the face.
3. The cut was made by a person or animal.
4. There is excessive bleeding that doesn’t stop after 10 minutes of pressure.

Also called a laceration, a cut is different from an abrasion (surface wound) and avulsion (when a chunk of skin is torn away).

Lacerations have the potential to be very deep. But what exactly classifies a cut as “deep?” According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, a deep cut is more than a quarter-inch deep.

Deep cuts can affect the following:

• Tendons
• Muscles
• Ligaments
• Nerves
• Blood vessels
• Bone

“Most of the time, a doctor stitches up a wound to simply bring the tissue back together, and that pressure will stop the bleeding and help prevent infection,” said Dr. Seth Podolsky, vice chairman for the Cleveland Center’s Emergency Services Institute.

Luckily, an urgent care center is the perfect solution for a cut that requires stitches. Unlike an emergency room, most urgent care centers have short wait times and are much more affordable. And there’s no need to worry about the quality of care – GoHealth Urgent Care’s centers offer caring, highly skilled medical teams. They are also open during non-business hours.

By visiting your neighborhood urgent care center, you can get in, get out and get back to life. No hassles.

So, if you’re ever faced with a bleeding cut and you don’t know what to do, examine it closely. If you notice one of the signs mentioned above, visit a GoHealth Urgent Care center near you. We’ll be ready for you!

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Foot Laceration: All Closures

A laceration is a cut through the skin. Deep cuts may require stitches. Minor cuts may be treated with surgical tape closures or skin glue.

X-rays may be done if something may have entered the skin through the cut, such as glass or rocks. You may also need a tetanus shot if you are not up to date on this vaccination and the object that caused the cut may lead to tetanus.

Home care

• Follow all instructions for taking any prescribed medicines.

  • Your healthcare provider may prescribe an antibiotic. This is to help prevent infection. Take the medicine every day until it is gone even if you feel better or you are told to stop. You should not have any left over.

  • Your healthcare provider may prescribe medicines for pain. Take the medicine as directed.

• Follow the healthcare provider’s instructions on how to care for the cut. You may also be given instructions for keeping weight off of the area to allow the injury to heal.

• Keep the wound clean and dry. Don’t get the wound wet until you are told it is OK to do so.  If the area gets wet, gently pat it dry with a clean cloth. Replace the wet bandage with a dry one.

• To help prevent infection, wash your hands with soap and water before and after caring for the wound. 

• Caring for stitches: Once you no longer need to keep the stitches dry, clean the wound daily. First, remove the bandage. Then wash the area gently with soap and warm water, or as directed by the healthcare provider. Use a wet cotton swab to loosen and remove any blood or crust that forms. After cleaning, apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment if advised. Then put on a new bandage unless you are told not to.

• Caring for skin glue: Don’t put apply liquid, ointment, or cream on the wound while the glue is in place. Avoid activities that cause heavy sweating. Protect the wound from sunlight. Don’t soak the wound for 7 to 10 days. This includes no tub baths, swimming, or hot tubs. Don’t scratch, rub, or pick at the adhesive film. Don’t place tape directly over the film. The glue should peel off within 5 to 10 days. 

• Caring for surgical tape: Keep the area dry. If it gets wet, blot it dry with a clean towel. Surgical tape usually falls off within 7 to 10 days. If it has not fallen off after 10 days, you can take it off yourself. Put mineral oil or petroleum jelly on a cotton ball and gently rub the tape until it is removed.

• Once you can get the wound wet, know that you may shower as usual, but don’t soak the wound in water. This means no tub baths or swimming.

• Check the wound daily for signs of infection listed below. Even with proper treatment, a wound infection may sometimes occur.

Follow-up care

Follow up with your healthcare provider, or as advised. Return to have stitches removed as directed.

When to seek medical advice

Call your healthcare provider right away if any of these occur:

• Wound bleeding not controlled by direct pressure

• Signs of infection, including increasing pain in the wound, increasing wound redness or swelling, or pus or bad odor coming from the wound

• Fever of 100. 4°F (38.ºC) or higher, chills, or as directed by your healthcare provider

• Stitches coming apart or falling out or surgical tape falling off before 7 days

• Wound edges reopening

• Wound changing colors

• Numbness or weakness in the affected foot 

• Decreased movement of the foot

• Lots of itching or skin blistering from skin glue

L.I.F.E. Long – I’m the Killer (Killer Rap) Lyrics

[Verse 1]
Na, na, na, na
I’m gonna slash and gash
Na, na, na, na
Cut another hole in your ass
Spill blood on the walls and play tennis with your balls
If the phone rings, don’t answer the call
I’m gonna slit your throat, fuck you like a goat
Peel your foreskin off and make a Winter coat
I’m a Denny’s surprise
I’ll scoop out both of your eyes
Na, na, na, na
Scrape the meat off your thighs
Leave your carcass for flies
Cause everyone who meets up with me
In the end eventually dies
I’m the last thing you see
I’ll hang you from a tree
Scare the shit out of you
Then watch you pee

[Chorus]
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller

[Verse 2]
I’m gonna slice and dice
Cause murder’s my vice
I’ll stab you once, twice
Maybe even thrice
Carve initials in your liver
Make you quiver
Deliver
Yeah, that’d be nice
I’ll dissect your heart
Rip your entrails apart
Hack off your head
And that’s just the start
I put the scary, scary movie
Make people do a doobie
Make them pee-pee up the place
When they see my ghosty face
You better keep alert or you’ll be sleepin’ in the dirt
I’ve got a PhD in how to use my cutlery
I make you kneel and squeal as I turn you to a beal
You’ll be squirtin’ in your shorts
And you’re squirtin’ crimson quarts
I’ll chop the virgin beaver with my shiny butcher’s cleaver
Need your cries of fear
It’s music to my ears
I cut off Oscar Meyer’s wiener
I stick it in a bun
Slap on some pickle relish
Ain’t we having fun?

[Chorus]
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller

[Verse 3]
I’m gonna cleave your gut
Treat you like a slut
Mutilate your organs
And shove them up your butt Haha!
I’ll slit you ear to ear
You know what?
Then I’ll slam a beer
Saw off your toes
Jam ’em in your nose
Cut your tongue out
Feed it to a trout
Fry ’em in a pan
Shoot it out my can
Aim at your face
Then you’ll know your place
I promise you pain
I’m totally insane
I promise you pain
I’m totally insane
I promise you pain
I’m totally insane
Now let me tell ya once again:

[Chorus]
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller
I’m the bad ass killer
There ain’t nobody iller
You’re ice cold dead
Cause I’m the fucking chiller

Geological section Mechetlino

The main geological object of international importance is the Mechetlino section, which contains a rich complex of fossils of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, which allows you to get an idea of ​​the early Permian stage of the evolution of life on Earth, covering the interval from the Artinskian to Kungurian stages of the Permian system (290 – 285 Ma back). The deposits contain fossil remains of foraminifera (fusulinids), ammonoids, conodonts, ostracods, brachiopods, fish, calamites, and calcareous algae.

The Mechetlino section is a candidate for the global stratotypes of the lower boundary (GSSP) of the Kungurian Stage of the International Stratigraphic Scale (Chuvashov and Chernykh, 2011; Chernykh et al., 2015). This is one of the world’s best sections of the lower boundary of the Kungurian stage of the Permian. The uniqueness of the Mechetlino section is that there are conodonts throughout the section, along which the reference boundaries (GSSP) of the stages of the Permian ISS system are established. In the section, the boundary between the Artinskian and Kungurian stages is determined by the appearance of conodonts Neostreptognathodus pnevi Kozur et Movshovitsch in the evolutionary line N. p equopensis – N. p nevi ( Chernykh et al., 2015. In addition, the Artinsk-Kungurian deposits of the Mechetlino section contain a diverse complex of fossils: brachiopods of the Productida order, fish teeth and scales, spicules Rare radiolarians, crinoids, and ostracods were found, and the presence of numerous ammonoids in the Mechetlino section (Uraloceras fedorowi in the Artinskian stage, and representatives of the genus Clausiuraloceras in the Kungurian rocks) is also important for the global correlation. Joint finds in the Mechetlino section of marine and continental fossils make it an amazing monument of the geological history of the Earth.

In 2015, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) allocated a three-year grant for the study of the Mechetlino section. The study of the section has begun by a large team of scientists from different cities of Russia (G. V. Kotlyar (VSEGEI, St. Petersburg), V. V. Chernykh and G. A. Mizens (IGiG UB RAS, Yekaterinburg), R. Kh. Sungatullin, M. Sungatullina, Yu. P. Balabanov, N.G. Nurgalieva, B. I. Gareev (Kazan Federal University), R. V. Kutygin (IGABM SB RAS, Yakutsk), T. V. Filimonova (GIN RAS, Moscow), A. O. Ivanov (St. Petersburg University ). They carried out a comprehensive study of the section and obtained new interesting paleontological results.

According to scientists, the section is interesting, firstly, as a candidate for GSSP, and secondly, because more than 10 million years of the Earth’s geological history is concentrated here at 12 m, the time when the Ural Ocean was gradually closed, and thirdly, The section contains a large number of fossils that are well preserved in rocks, available for study and demonstration during field excursions and in the halls of the museum.

More than 20 scientific articles and several monographs have been published along the section. Students of the Kazan Federal University take an active part in the study of the section; the “Young Geologists” of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan are engaged in the study of the section. Monographs and articles published in scientific journals demonstrate the importance of the Mechetlino mine as an object of international importance.

90,000 Perineal incision during childbirth

why is it needed

In obstetrics, the term “perineum” refers to the small distance between the vagina and the anus.This is the place that obstetricians-gynecologists mean when they talk about a rupture or incision of the perineum. During labor, the baby’s head moves through the birth canal and reaches the pelvic floor, stretching the muscles and skin of the perineum. The maximum stress on the perineal tissue is experienced during the second stage of labor, when the baby’s head is erupted. It is at this point that the perineum can rupture. To prevent this from happening, episiotomy is done – a surgical incision in the perineum, between the vagina and the anus .A surgical incision is always better than a spontaneous rupture, because it has smooth edges and heals faster than a laceration. In addition, the doctor can control the length of the incision, and a spontaneous rupture runs the risk of stretching both a long distance and a great depth.

how it happens

The perineum is dissected at the end of the second stage of labor, if characteristic signs of an approaching rupture appear – protrusion of the perineum, cyanosis, edema, pallor of the skin.The incision is about 2–3 cm long, with minimal blood loss. And most importantly, this manipulation is completely painless: at the height of the pushing, the perineal tissues are so overstretched that the blood flow stops in them, and accordingly, no pain is felt . But the incision is sutured under local anesthesia, so that again the woman does not feel any severe pain, they do this after the baby and the placenta are born. While mom is in the hospital, the postpartum midwife treats the stitches with antiseptics every day.Sometimes in the first three days with edema in the area of ​​the seams, ice is applied to them.

and then what?

Those women who made a perineal incision during childbirth will need to follow some rules. If, after a normal delivery with an episiotomy, it is allowed to walk almost immediately (by the end of the first day, for sure), then it is impossible to sit after an episiotomy for two whole weeks – and this is the main inconvenience after this manipulation. You will need to feed the child in a supine position, and you will have to eat while standing or lying down.If you still need to sit down (for example, you have a trip in the car), you can use the seat pad (sold in pharmacies) or a children’s swimming ring. It will be possible to sit down completely when the stitches are completely healed: most often this happens in the first two weeks after childbirth.

In the first few days after childbirth, you do not need to push hard during bowel movements, if necessary, you can use a laxative.

taking care of the seam

· At home, you need to continue to process the incision site – while still in the hospital, you should ask the doctor what antiseptic you need and how often you need to treat the seam.

· For the incision to heal faster and better, it is necessary to change the pads frequently – every 3-4 hours. You can also take an air bath once or twice a day.

· After each visit to the toilet, the external genitals should be washed and the perineum should be gently patted dry. In addition to ordinary running water, you can use a solution of chamomile, calendula.

· If there is swelling in the area of ​​the seams, then you can briefly apply a cooled gel bag, ice to them.

pay attention

For some time after the episiotomy, there may be some pain in the suture area, possibly burning, discomfort, irritation and swelling of the skin – this is a normal phenomenon: after all, there was a surgical intervention and it takes time for the tissues to recover. In general, the perineal incision heals most often without complications – only a small skin scar remains, which eventually becomes almost invisible.

But sometimes healing is delayed or complicated by some kind of inflammation, for example, it happens if a woman has colpitis – inflammation of the vagina.Then the pain, swelling either intensifies, or simply does not go away for a long time, in the area of ​​the seam there is a feeling of pulsation, twitching, bursting, and there may even be purulent discharge. Then you need to immediately consult a doctor, he will examine the seam and prescribe treatment.

how to avoid

Of course, episiotomy during childbirth is not done to everyone, but only according to indications. But still, every woman wants to avoid it. To do this, you need to behave correctly in childbirth: the main thing is not to be clamped, you must, on the contrary, try to “open up” as much as possible in order to release the child. How to do this, as well as how to behave in and between contractions, how to breathe, what postures to take, how to reduce labor pain, will be taught at school for future parents. Such preparation, as well as an optimistic attitude, will help to transfer childbirth, and, possibly, avoid an incision.

And starting from 36 weeks of pregnancy, perineal massage with oil can be performed daily. And although there is no statistical data that such a massage reduces the likelihood of an episiotomy, nevertheless, the tissues of the perineum will be slightly moistened, stretched, the woman will feel her body better – all this is also a small prevention of surgical manipulation.

Do not think that episiotomy in childbirth is done to everyone “just in case”, as people who are far from medicine often write. No, the doctor and midwife also want to avoid this intervention as much as possible, so if you still had to do an episiotomy, treat it with understanding – after all, this incision helps to keep the woman healthy.

Concept of the section and its purpose

If the structure of an object is monotonous, then its external image is enough to be able to reproduce it in nature.If the internal structure of an object has features: voids, filling with different materials, etc., then in addition, images of sections of the object are given in certain directions, indicated in the plan by special lines and letters.

In this case, the object is mentally cut into two parts along the cut line; one of them is subtracted and a view of the remaining part from the side of the cut is shown.

If the depicted object is cut from top to bottom, then such a cut is called a vertical cut.A horizontal cut of an object is called a horizontal cut. A vertical cut made along the depicted object is called a longitudinal cut, and made across it is called a transverse cut.

Drawings of furnaces with internal smoke circuits are made showing both longitudinal and cross sections. In addition, for greater clarity and speed up the work of the wizard, “orders” are given. The order is called the top view of each row of the masonry being erected, that is, the horizontal section of the furnace for each row of the masonry.For example, consider the drawing of the furnace shown in Fig. 5 and 6. This is a bottom-fired flat oven. It is presented: general view, longitudinal and transverse sections (see Fig. 5), as well as the full number of orders (see Fig. 6). The general view acquaints with the location of the part of the stove set and its appearance.

The plan of the third row of masonry shows the directions of the longitudinal section along the line E — E and the directions of all cross sections B — B; V-V and D-D. Arrows indicate the direction of view of the constructor when making a cut.

Considering the longitudinal section, it becomes clear: the location of the fuel and blower doors; grate; the sequence of movement of gases inside the furnace; the length and height of the firebox; blower dimensions; furnace wall thickness, etc. n. The main parts of the furnace have serial numbers on the drawing, repeated in all sections and named in the explanatory inscription.

On a longitudinal section, all successive rows of masonry are shown and also have serial numbers; for clarity of the drawing, only the even rows 2 through 26 are numbered. Here, the lines of cross sections B – B, C – C and D – D are re-indicated.View along A-A shows the front (front) facade of the furnace and gives the dimensions of the width of the furnace and blower doors. Section B — B was made across the firebox (see section E — E and the plan of the 3rd row of masonry). It gives the dimensions of the firebox 2, the width of the grate, the dimensions of the upper smoke hole 3, the blower 1 and the thickness of the longitudinal walls.

Section B-B is drawn through the wall between the smoke pipes; it shows the dimensions of three holes connecting the smoke circuits: 4, 5 and 6. Section G — G is given according to the last revolution; “It only shows the bottom bricked-up cleaning hole and the height of the smoke damper.The ligation of the seams and the location of the bricks can be seen in the drawing of the ordinal masonry.

Minimally invasive endoscopic endoprosthetics without scars (the incision is hidden in the armpit)

8.1 M / F (without the cost of the implant) endoscopic (axillary access)

90 120

90 120

90 120

.

90 120

7

2nd complexity)

90 120

1

1

1

1 implants MJ

100,000.00

20

	Name of services	Cost of services
8											Department of Plastic Surgery	125,000.00
8.2	M / F augmentation (without the cost of an implant) with an inframammary approach (incision under the breast)	95,000.00
8.3	M / F augmentation (without the cost of an implant) transareolar access (through a transareolar) access	110,000. 00
8.4	Brachioplasty (arm lift) (I degree of difficulty)	95,000.00
8.5	Brachioplasty (arm lift) (II degree of difficulty)	00
8.6	Brachioplasty (arm lift) (III degree of difficulty)	125,000.00
8.7	Upper blepharoplasty (upper eyelid correction)	9020 90.8117	endoscopic)	72,000.00
8.9	Cantopexy (lifting the outer corners of the eyes)	41,000.00
8.10	Complex neck lift	120,000.00
8.11	Consultation with a plastic surgeon	1 600.00
8.12	Correction of eyelid defect	40 000.00
8.13	Nose correction
8.14	Nose correction (2nd difficulty)	70 000.00
8. 15	Nose correction (3rd complexity)	105 000.00
8.16	Correction of skin scars (3.0-5.0 cm)	15,000.00
8.17	Correction of skin scars (more than 5.0 cm)	24,000.00
8.18	Correction of scars skin (up to 3.0 cm)	10,000.00
8.19	Correction of the nipple-areola complex	30,000.00
8.20	Circular blepharoplasty (correction	)00
8.21	Circular lifting of the face and neck skin with movement SMAS	140,000.00
8.22	Liposuction 1 zone (1 palm)	22,000.00
35,000.00
8.24	Lipofilling (1 zone)	23,000.00
8.25	Lipofilling M / F (2 zones) (with repeated intervention -10%) min	30,000. 00
8.26	Eyelid lipofilling	18 500.00
8.27	Two-lip lipofilling	30,000.00
8.28	Nasal lipofilling one lip	21,000.00
8.30	Mastopexy (breast lift) periareolar (2 sides)	58,000.00
8.31	Lejour mastopexy (with vertical scar)	85,000.00
8.32	Mastopexy with breast augmentation (2 sides)	120,000.00
8.33
8.34	Cheek and neck minilift (MACS-lift)	125,000.00
8.35	Lower blepharoplasty (lower eyelid correction)	50,000.00
8.36	Lower blepharoplasty with midface correction	71 000.00
8.37	Lower transconjunctival blepharoplasty				facelifts		facelift
8. 39	Tummy tuck without displacing the navel	58,000.00
8.40	Tummy tuck with displacement of the navel	92,000.00
8.41	Tummy tuck with displacement of the navel and strengthening of the abdominal muscles	105 000.00
8.42	Tummy tuck with displacement of the navel and strengthening of the abdominal muscles in case of a skin and fat apron III Art.	115,000.00
8.43	Plastic surgery of the abdomen with displacement of the navel and strengthening of the abdominal muscles with a skin and fatty apron IV Art.	155,000.00
8.44	Aplasty of the forehead (open access)	47,000.00
8.45	Forehead plasty (endoscopic forehead lift)	68 000.00
8.46	Platysmoplasty anterior (neck lift)	52 000.00
8. 48	Complete endoscopic lifting of the face and neck skin (three-plane)	210 000.00
8.49	Breast reduction plasty (size reduction)	110 000.00
8.50	Reduction plastic surgery of the breast (size reduction) for gigantomastia	125,000.00
8.51	Reconstruction of the nose (1st complexity)
70,000.00
8.53	Reconstruction of the nose (3rd complexity)	90,000.00
8.54	Ritidectomy (face lift)	115,000.00
8.55	Chin augmentation with Medpor porous implant (without implant cost)	60,000.00
8.56	Chin augmentation with silicone implant (with implant cost)						47 000. 00
8.58	Removal of lumps Bisha	40 000.00
8.59	Surgical treatment of hyperhidrosis (1 armpit)	28,000.00
8.60	Check-lifting (lifting of the zygomatic region)	130,000.00
8.61
8.62	Endoprosthetics of the lower jaw (without the cost of the implant)	55,000.00
8.63	Endoprosthetics of the cheekbones (without the cost of the implant)	55,000.00
8.64	Endoprosthetics of the buttocks (without the cost of implants)	115,000.00
8.65	Endoscopic lifting of the upper, middle zones of the face	120,000.00

due to revocation of permission to build a railway station, replaced the manager – Siberia |

Kemerovo. The 20th of October. INTERFAX – An individual entrepreneur Pyotr Frolov became the manager of the Kuznetsky Yuzhny open-pit mine (Kemerovo region), it follows from the data of the analytical system “SPARK-Interfax”.

Frolov replaced the co-owner of the enterprise Timur Frank, who had been the manager of the mine since July 2020, and earlier – from the moment of creation in November 2018 until February 2019 – served as CEO.

In “Kuznetskiy Yuzhny” “Interfax” refused to comment on the personnel changes that took place.

At the same time, Frank retains a stake in the company. Thus, 16.89% of Kuznetskiy Yuzhny is owned by Alpha LLC, in which Frank owns more than 69% through Adonis LLC.

As reported, the start of coal mining at Kuznetsky Yuzhny was tied to the construction of railway infrastructure, however, in August 2020, the Kuzbass authorities revoked the RK Project LLC, which was supposed to build a railway infrastructure for the mine, a construction permit due to the lack of the necessary documentation – a project for the reclamation of agricultural land. While the company has not started coal mining, it is not working on the construction of railway infrastructure either. The first stage of the project for the construction of a railway station was planned to be completed in December 2020, as a result, its throughput was to be up to 500 thousand tons. By this time, it was also planned to extract the first 500 thousand tons of coal (pilot batch) at the mine and ship them.

The revocation in August of the permission for the construction of the station (it was supposed to be located 2.5 km from the village of Cheremza in the Novokuznetsk district) was preceded by the discontent of the local population, which had opposed the construction since May, including by interfering with the passage of equipment and organizing tent camps, later appeared demands and about the resignation of the head of the Novokuznetsk region, Andrei Sharnin.On the day the license was revoked, the governor of the Kemerovo region, Sergei Tsivilev, said in his telegram channel that “the company (the Kuznetsky Yuzhny mine – IF) did not make due efforts to build a dialogue with the population. ”

Earlier, Kuznetskiy Yuzhny owned 25% of RK Project, however, in October it left the capital of the company. His share was received by the Cypriot Esalarsi Investments Ltd, which now owns 50%. Another 50% of RK Project is retained by the co-owner of Kuznetsky Yuzhny – Alfa.

Open-pit mine Kuznetskiy Yuzhny LLC intends to develop the reserves of the Chuazassky site, which was acquired by Open-pit mine Stepanovsky LLC in 2011 (formerly part of MarrTEK), subsequently the license was reissued.

According to SPARK, Alfa LLC and Romenna LLC own 16.89% of Opencast Kuznetskiy Yuzhny LLC, Nagorny Opencast LLC (originally controlled by MarrTEK LLC, which later went bankrupt) owns 49 , 3%, Dmitry Chirakadze owns 11.49%, Pozharsky and Partners JSC – 5.4%.

At the time of the sale of the license for the development of the Chuazassky site, the predicted resources of T grade coal within its boundaries were about 35 million tons. At the same time, according to the official site of the open-pit mine, at present, the site’s reserves amount to 240 million tons of coal of grades T and TS, including 120 million tons provided for open-pit mining, while the enterprise has not started coal mining.

90,000 The structure of the RMK intends to liquidate the Korkinsky open-cut mine twice as fast as previously planned – Urals |

Chelyabinsk. March, 25. INTERFAX-URAL – Promrekultivatsiya LLC (founder – Tominsky GOK, part of the RMK group) intends to implement a project to reclaim the Korkinsky open-pit mine twice as fast as previously scheduled, according to the press service of RMK.

“The region is undergoing the second stage of public discussions on the updated project for liquidating the open-pit mine with rising water.The technical solution will not only make it possible to implement the liquidation project twice as fast, but will also make it possible to reuse water in a closed technological cycle of the plant, “the words of the director of LLC Nikolai Dzhemilev are quoted in the message.

Earlier it was reported that the mine reclamation project is designed until 2042. It provides for the elimination of the open pit mining with stowing material based on the tailings of the processing plant of the Tominsky GOK, which will be delivered to the open pit via a pipeline. Upon its completion, there will be a reservoir at the site of the coal mine, along the banks of which plants will be planted.

According to the press service of RMK, last year Promrekultivatsiya localized self-heating zones in the Korkinsky coal mine on an area of ​​approximately 218 thousand square meters. meters, which is 42% more than in 2019. This made it possible to reduce the volume of emissions from endogenous fires in 2020 compared to the previous year by a third, to 40 tons.

“During 2020, no excess of the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air was recorded.Since the beginning of work on localization, cooling and filling of self-heating areas with inert rocks, Promrekulivatsiya has localized self-heating zones on a total area of ​​about 465 thousand square meters. meters “, – the company notes.

The Korkinsky coal mine is located in the Korkinsky District of the Chelyabinsk Region. This is the largest open-pit mine in Eurasia. Its depth is 493 meters, its length on the surface is more than 3 km, and its width is over 2.5 km. The operation of the open pit began in 1934.

Today the Korkinsky open-pit mine is one of the main environmental problems of the Chelyabinsk region. Endogenous fires that occur in the mine are a source of air pollution in the city of Korkino and other settlements in the region, as well as in Chelyabinsk.

Promrekultivatsiya LLC – operator of the project for the liquidation of the Korkinsky coal mine.

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