What is an upper GI endoscopy. How is the procedure performed. What are the reasons for undergoing an upper GI endoscopy. What are the potential risks and complications. How to prepare for an upper GI endoscopy. What happens during and after the procedure. What are the benefits of an upper GI endoscopy.

Understanding Upper GI Endoscopy: Purpose and Procedure

An upper GI endoscopy, also known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat problems in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This includes the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). The procedure involves inserting a long, flexible tube called an endoscope through the mouth and into the upper GI tract.

The endoscope is equipped with a tiny light and video camera, allowing healthcare providers to visualize the internal structures of the upper GI tract on a monitor. This advanced imaging technique enables doctors to identify various abnormalities and perform therapeutic interventions when necessary.

Key Components of an Upper GI Endoscopy

• Endoscope: A flexible tube with a camera and light source
• Video monitor: Displays real-time images of the upper GI tract
• Small tools: Inserted through the endoscope for various procedures
• Sedation: Administered to ensure patient comfort during the procedure

Is an upper GI endoscopy painful? While patients may experience some discomfort, the procedure is generally well-tolerated. Sedation is administered to minimize any potential pain or anxiety.

Indications for Upper GI Endoscopy: When Is It Necessary?

Upper GI endoscopy serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Healthcare providers may recommend this procedure for various reasons, ranging from investigating unexplained symptoms to treating specific conditions.

Common Symptoms Prompting an Upper GI Endoscopy

• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Unexplained weight loss
• Upper abdominal or chest pain unrelated to heart conditions
• Persistent vomiting of unknown origin
• Gastrointestinal bleeding

Can an upper GI endoscopy detect cancer? Yes, this procedure can identify both benign and malignant tumors in the upper GI tract, making it an essential tool in cancer diagnosis and staging.

Conditions Diagnosed Through Upper GI Endoscopy

1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
2. Esophageal strictures or blockages
3. Esophageal varices
4. Inflammation and ulcers
5. Hiatal hernia
6. Celiac disease
7. Crohn’s disease affecting the upper GI tract
8. Upper GI tract infections

Therapeutic Applications of Upper GI Endoscopy

Beyond its diagnostic capabilities, upper GI endoscopy offers various therapeutic interventions. These treatments can often be performed during the same procedure, eliminating the need for more invasive surgeries.

Common Therapeutic Procedures

• Controlling gastrointestinal bleeding
• Removing tumors or polyps
• Dilating narrowed areas
• Extracting foreign objects
• Performing laser therapy
• Inserting feeding tubes
• Banding esophageal varices

How effective is upper GI endoscopy in treating bleeding ulcers? Upper GI endoscopy is highly effective in controlling bleeding ulcers, with success rates often exceeding 90% for initial hemostasis.

Preparing for an Upper GI Endoscopy: Essential Steps

Proper preparation is crucial for a successful upper GI endoscopy. Patients should follow their healthcare provider’s instructions carefully to ensure the best possible outcomes.

Pre-Procedure Guidelines

1. Fasting: Abstain from food and drink for 8 hours before the procedure, typically after midnight.
2. Medication review: Inform your doctor about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
3. Special diets: Follow any specific dietary instructions provided by your healthcare team.
4. Allergies: Disclose any known allergies, especially to medications or latex.
5. Medical history: Provide a comprehensive medical history, including bleeding disorders or heart valve conditions.
6. Transportation: Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure due to the effects of sedation.

Should patients stop taking blood thinners before an upper GI endoscopy? This depends on individual circumstances. Always consult with your healthcare provider about managing blood-thinning medications before the procedure.

The Upper GI Endoscopy Procedure: What to Expect

Understanding the steps involved in an upper GI endoscopy can help alleviate anxiety and ensure a smoother experience for patients.

Procedure Steps

1. Sedation administration
2. Positioning the patient on their left side
3. Insertion of a mouth guard to protect the teeth
4. Gentle introduction of the endoscope through the mouth
5. Careful navigation of the endoscope through the upper GI tract
6. Examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
7. Performance of any necessary diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
8. Removal of the endoscope

How long does an upper GI endoscopy typically take? The procedure usually lasts between 15 to 30 minutes, although this can vary depending on the complexity of the case and any additional interventions required.

Risks and Complications of Upper GI Endoscopy

While upper GI endoscopy is generally considered safe, it’s important for patients to be aware of potential risks and complications associated with the procedure.

Possible Complications

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Perforation of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum
• Adverse reactions to sedation
• Aspiration pneumonia
• Dental injuries

What is the risk of perforation during an upper GI endoscopy? The risk of perforation is very low, occurring in approximately 0.03% to 0.1% of diagnostic procedures. The risk may be slightly higher for therapeutic interventions.

Post-Procedure Care and Recovery

Proper post-procedure care is essential for a smooth recovery and to minimize the risk of complications following an upper GI endoscopy.

Recovery Guidelines

1. Rest for the remainder of the day
2. Gradually resume normal diet as tolerated
3. Avoid driving or operating machinery for 24 hours
4. Monitor for signs of complications, such as severe abdominal pain or fever
5. Follow up with your healthcare provider as instructed
6. Resume medications as directed by your doctor

When can patients return to work after an upper GI endoscopy? Most patients can return to work the day after the procedure, but those with more physically demanding jobs may need to take an additional day off.

Advancements in Upper GI Endoscopy Technology

The field of endoscopy continues to evolve, with new technologies enhancing diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic capabilities.

Innovative Endoscopic Techniques

• Narrow-band imaging (NBI)
• Confocal laser endomicroscopy
• Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
• Capsule endoscopy
• Artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopy

How does narrow-band imaging improve upper GI endoscopy? NBI enhances the visibility of mucosal structures and blood vessels, allowing for better detection of subtle abnormalities and early-stage cancers.

Upper GI endoscopy remains a cornerstone in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. As technology advances and techniques improve, this procedure continues to offer invaluable insights into the health of the upper GI tract. Patients undergoing an upper GI endoscopy can expect a safe and effective procedure when performed by experienced healthcare professionals. By understanding the process, preparing adequately, and following post-procedure instructions, individuals can contribute to the success of their endoscopy and overall gastrointestinal health management.

Upper GI Endoscopy | Johns Hopkins Medicine

What is an upper GI endoscopy?

An upper GI endoscopy or EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) is a procedure to diagnose and treat problems in your upper GI (gastrointestinal) tract.

The upper GI tract includes your food pipe (esophagus), stomach, and the first part of your small intestine (the duodenum).

This procedure is done using a long, flexible tube called an endoscope. The tube has a tiny light and video camera on one end. The tube is put into your mouth and throat. Then it is slowly pushed through your esophagus and stomach, and into your duodenum. Video images from the tube are seen on a monitor.

Small tools may also be inserted into the endoscope. These tools can be used to:

• Take tissue samples for a biopsy
• Remove things such as food that may be stuck in the upper GI tract
• Inject air or fluid
• Stop bleeding
• Do procedures such as endoscopic surgery, laser therapy, or open (dilate) a narrowed area

Why might I need an upper GI endoscopy?

An upper GI endoscopy can be used to diagnose and treat problems in your upper GI tract.

It is often used to find the cause of unexplained symptoms such as:

• Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
• Unexplained weight loss
• Upper belly pain or chest pain that is not heart-related
• Continuous vomiting for an unknown reason (intractable vomiting)
• Bleeding in the upper GI tract

An upper GI endoscopy can be used to identify disorders or problems such as:

• GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
• Narrowing (strictures) or blockages
• Larger than normal veins in your esophagus (esophageal varices)
• Redness and swelling (inflammation) and sores (ulcers)
• Tumors, either cancerous (malignant) or not cancerous (benign)
• The stomach moving upward, either into or next to your esophagus (hiatal hernia)
• Damage caused by swallowing very harmful (caustic) substances, such as household detergents and chemicals
• Celiac disease
• Crohn’s disease of the upper GI tract
• Infections of the upper GI tract

An upper GI endoscopy can also treat problems in the upper GI tract. The procedure can be used to:

• Control bleeding
• Remove tumors or growths (polyps)
• Open (dilate) narrowed areas
• Remove things that may be stuck
• Perform laser therapy
• Insert a tube used for tube feeding (a percutaneous gastrostomy tube) into the stomach
• Band abnormal veins in your esophagus (esophageal varices)

An endoscope can be used to take tissue samples (biopsies) or GI fluid samples. An upper GI endoscopy may also be done to check your stomach and duodenum after a surgery.

Your healthcare provider may have other reasons to recommend an upper GI endoscopy.

What are the risks of an upper GI endoscopy?

Some possible complications that may occur with an upper GI endoscopy are:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• A tear in the lining (perforation) of the duodenum, esophagus, or stomach

You may have other risks that are unique to you. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider before the procedure.

How do I get ready for an upper GI endoscopy?

• Your healthcare provider will explain the procedure to you. Ask him or her any questions you have about the procedure.
• You may be asked to sign a consent form that gives permission to do the procedure. Read the form carefully and ask questions if anything is not clear.
• Tell your healthcare provider if you are sensitive to or allergic to any medicines, latex, tape, and anesthesia medicines (local and general).
• You will be asked not to eat or drink for 8 hours before the test. This usually means no food or drink after midnight. You may be given additional instructions about following a special diet for 1 or 2 days before the procedure.
• Tell your provider if you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant.
• Tell your provider if you have a history of bleeding disorders. Let your provider know if you are taking any blood-thinning medicines, aspirin, ibuprofen, or other medicines that affect blood clotting. You may need to stop taking these medicines before the procedure.
• Your healthcare provider will give you instructions on how to prepare your bowel for the test. You may be asked to take a laxative, an enema, or a rectal laxative suppository. Or you may have to drink a special fluid that helps prepare your bowel.
• If you have a heart valve disease, you may be given disease-fighting medicines (antibiotics) before the test. This may be recommended in certain situations, such as when dilation is being performed. It is not needed for a standard upper endoscopy.
• You will be awake during the procedure, but you will take medicine to relax you (a sedative) before the test. Someone will have to drive you home afterward.
• Follow any other instructions your provider gives you to get ready.

What happens during an upper GI endoscopy?

You may have an upper GI endoscopy as an outpatient or as part of your stay in a hospital. The way the test is done may vary depending on your condition and your healthcare provider’s practices.

Generally, an upper GI endoscopy follows this process:

1. You will be asked to remove any clothing, jewelry, or other objects that may interfere with the procedure. If you wear false teeth (dentures), you will be asked to remove them until the test is over.
2. If you are asked to remove clothing, you will be given a gown to wear.
3. An IV (intravenous) line will be started in your arm or hand. A medicine to relax you (a sedative) will be injected into the IV.
4. Your heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen level will be checked during the procedure.
5. You will lie on your left side on the X-ray table with your head bent forward.
6. Numbing medicine may be sprayed into the back of your throat. This will stop you from gagging as the tube is passed down your throat into your stomach. The spray may have a bitter taste to it. Holding your breath while your provider sprays your throat may decrease the taste.
7. You will not be able to swallow the saliva that may collect in your mouth during the procedure. This happens because the tube is in your throat. The saliva will be suctioned from your mouth from time to time.
8. A mouth guard will be placed in your mouth. This will keep you from biting down on the tube. It will also protect your teeth.
9. Once your throat is numbed and the sedative has relaxed you, your provider will put the tube in your mouth and throat. He or she will guide the tube down your esophagus, through your stomach, and into your duodenum.
10. You may feel some pressure or swelling as the tube moves along. If needed, samples of fluid or tissue can be taken at any time during the test. Other procedures, such as removing a blockage, may be done while the tube is in place.
11. After the exam and procedures are done, the tube will be taken out.

What happens after an upper GI endoscopy?

After the procedure, you will be taken to the recovery room to be watched. Once your blood pressure, pulse, and breathing are stable and you are awake and alert, you will be taken to your hospital room. Or you may be discharged to your home. If you are going home, someone must drive you.

You will not be allowed to eat or drink anything until your gag reflex returns. This is to prevent you from choking. You may have a sore throat and pain for a few days when you swallow. This is normal.

You may feel gassy after the procedure.

You may go back to your normal diet and activities, unless you have other instructions.

Call your healthcare provider if you have any of the following:

• Fever or chills
• Redness, swelling, or bleeding or other drainage from the IV site
• Belly pain, nausea, or vomiting
• Black, tarry, or bloody stools
• Trouble swallowing
• Throat or chest pain that gets worse

Your healthcare provider may give you other instructions, depending on your situation.

Next steps

Before you agree to the test or the procedure make sure you know:

• The name of the test or procedure
• The reason you are having the test or procedure
• What results to expect and what they mean
• The risks and benefits of the test or procedure
• What the possible side effects or complications are
• When and where you are to have the test or procedure
• Who will do the test or procedure and what that person’s qualifications are
• What would happen if you did not have the test or procedure
• Any alternative tests or procedures to think about
• When and how will you get the results
• Who to call after the test or procedure if you have questions or problems
• How much will you have to pay for the test or procedure

Purpose, Results, GERD & Heartburn

An upper endoscopy can be used to determine the cause of heartburn and is often performed as an outpatient procedure. Upper endoscopy uses a thin scope with a light and camera at its tip to look inside of the upper digestive system — the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. During endoscopy, certain procedures such as taking a small tissue sample (biopsy) for testing may be performed.

Sometimes, the procedure is done in emergencies in the hospital or emergency room to both identify and treat upper digestive system bleeding such as from an ulcer.

In addition to heartburn, the procedure may also be used to help evaluate:

Endoscopy can also help identify inflammation, ulcers, and tumors.

Upper endoscopy can be more accurate than X-rays or other imaging for detecting abnormal growths and for examining the inside of the upper digestive system.

What Should I Do Before an Upper Endoscopy?

Before the upper endoscopy, tell your doctor about any medications (including over-the-counter) or supplements you are taking and about any medical problems or special conditions you have. You may be asked to hold off on certain medications or supplements prior to the procedure or afterward.

Can I Eat or Drink Anything Before an Upper Endoscopy?

An upper endoscopy requires that you have an empty stomach before the procedure. Do not eat or drink anything for at least six hours before the procedure, or as directed by your doctor or nurse.

Talk to your doctor about any changes that may be needed to your regular medication regimen. Ask if necessary medications may be taken with a small sip of water.

I Have Diabetes. Can I Take Insulin the Day of my Upper Endoscopy?

If you have diabetes and use insulin, you must adjust the dosage of insulin the day of your upper endoscopy. Ask your doctor for details. Bring your diabetes medication if your doctor recommends that you take it after the procedure.

Will I Be Able to Drive Home Following my Upper Endoscopy?

No. You will need to bring a responsible adult with you to take you home after the endoscopy. You should not drive or operate machinery for the rest of the day of the procedure to ensure that the sedative effects have worn off.

What Can I Expect the Day of my Upper Endoscopy?

On the day of your procedure:

• A doctor will explain the upper endoscopy in detail, including possible complications and side effects. The doctor will also answer any questions you may have.
• An experienced doctor will perform the procedure.
• You will be asked to wear a hospital gown and to remove your eyeglasses and dentures.
• A local anesthetic (pain-relieving medication) may be applied at the back of your throat.
• You will be given a pain reliever and a sedative intravenously (in your vein). You will feel relaxed and drowsy.
• A mouthpiece will be placed in your mouth. It does not interfere with your breathing.
• You will lie on your left side during the procedure.
• The doctor will insert the endoscope into your mouth, through your esophagus (the “food pipe” leading from your mouth into your stomach) and into your stomach. The endoscope does not interfere with your breathing.
• Most procedures take 15 to 30 minutes.

What Happens After an Upper Endoscopy?

When your procedure is through:

• You will stay in a recovery room for about an hour for observation.
• You may feel a temporary soreness in your throat. Lozenges may help. Some people may feel nauseated or bloated.
• The doctor who performed the endoscopy may discuss initial findings with you after the procedure but will send the test results to your primary or referring doctor.
• The specialist or your primary doctor will discuss any biopsy results with you once they become available several days after the procedure. If the results indicate that prompt medical attention is needed, the necessary arrangements will be made and your referring doctor will be notified.

Risks of an upper endoscopy include bleeding, perforation of the upper digestive system, and abnormal reaction to the drugs used for sedation.

Warning About Upper Endoscopy

If you have severe or worsening abdominal or throat pain , or have any chest pain, continuous cough, fever, chills, or vomiting after an upper endoscopy, get emergency medical help right away..

Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy | Michigan Medicine

Test Overview

An upper gastrointestinal (or GI) endoscopy is a test that allows your doctor to look at the inside of your esophagus, stomach, and the first part of your small intestine, called the duodenum. The esophagus is the tube that carries food to your stomach. The doctor uses a thin, lighted tube that bends. It is called an endoscope, or scope.

The doctor puts the tip of the scope in your mouth and gently moves it down your throat. The scope is a flexible video camera. The doctor looks at a monitor (like a TV set or a computer screen) as he or she moves the scope. A doctor may do this procedure to look for ulcers, tumors, infection, or bleeding. It also can be used to look for signs of acid backing up into your esophagus. This is called gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. The doctor can use the scope to take a sample of tissue for study (a biopsy). The doctor also can use the scope to take out growths or stop bleeding.

Why It Is Done

An upper GI endoscopy may be done to:

• Find what’s causing you to vomit blood.
• Find the cause of symptoms, such as upper belly pain or bloating, trouble swallowing (dysphagia), vomiting, or unexplained weight loss.
• Find the cause of an infection, such as helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).
• Find problems in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These problems can include:
• Check the healing of stomach ulcers.
• Look at the inside of the stomach and upper small intestine (duodenum) after surgery.
• Look for a blockage in the opening between the stomach and duodenum.

Endoscopy may also be done to:

• Check for an injury to the esophagus in an emergency. (For example, this may be done if the person has swallowed poison.)
• Collect tissue samples (biopsy) to be looked at in the lab.
• Remove growths (polyps) from inside the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine.
• Treat upper GI bleeding that may be causing anemia.
• Remove foreign objects that have been swallowed or food that is stuck.
• Treat a narrow area of the esophagus.
• Treat Barrett’s esophagus.

How To Prepare

Procedures can be stressful. This information will help you understand what you can expect. And it will help you safely prepare for your procedure.

Preparing for the procedure

• Do not eat or drink anything for 6 to 8 hours before the test. An empty stomach helps your doctor see your stomach clearly during the test. It also reduces your chances of vomiting. If you vomit, there is a small risk that the vomit could enter your lungs. (This is called aspiration.) If the test is done in an emergency, a tube may be inserted through your nose or mouth to empty your stomach.
• Do not take sucralfate (Carafate) or antacids on the day of the test. These medicines can make it hard for your doctor to see your upper GI tract.
• If your doctor tells you to, stop taking iron supplements 7 to 14 days before the test.
• Be sure you have someone to take you home. Anesthesia and pain medicine will make it unsafe for you to drive or get home on your own.
• Understand exactly what procedure is planned, along with the risks, benefits, and other options.
• Tell your doctor ALL the medicines, vitamins, supplements, and herbal remedies you take. Some may increase the risk of problems during your procedure. Your doctor will tell you if you should stop taking any of them before the procedure and how soon to do it.
• If you take aspirin or some other blood thinner, ask your doctor if you should stop taking it before your procedure. Make sure that you understand exactly what your doctor wants you to do. These medicines increase the risk of bleeding.
• Make sure your doctor and the hospital have a copy of your advance directive. If you don’t have one, you may want to prepare one. It lets others know your health care wishes. It’s a good thing to have before any type of surgery or procedure.

How It Is Done

How is an upper GI endoscopy done?

Before the test

Before the test, you will put on a hospital gown. If you are wearing dentures, jewelry, contact lenses, or glasses, remove them. For your own comfort, empty your bladder before the test.

Blood tests may be done to check for a low blood count or clotting problems. Your throat may be numbed with an anesthetic spray, gargle, or lozenge. This is to relax your gag reflex and make it easier to insert the endoscope into your throat.

During the test

You may get a pain medicine and a sedative through an intravenous (IV) line in your arm or hand. These medicines reduce pain and will make you feel relaxed and drowsy during the test. You may not remember much about the actual test.

You will be asked to lie on your left side with your head bent slightly forward. A mouth guard may be placed in your mouth to protect your teeth from the endoscope (scope). Then the lubricated tip of the scope will be guided into your mouth. Your doctor may gently press your tongue out of the way. You may be asked to swallow to help move the tube along. The scope is no thicker than many foods you swallow. It will not cause problems with breathing.

After the scope is in your esophagus, your head will be tilted upright. This makes it easier for the scope to slide down your esophagus. During the procedure, try not to swallow unless you are asked to. Someone may remove the saliva from your mouth with a suction device. Or you can allow the saliva to drain from the side of your mouth.

Your doctor will look through an eyepiece or watch a screen while he or she slowly moves the endoscope. The doctor will check the walls of your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Air or water may be injected through the scope to help clear a path for the scope or to clear its lens. Suction may be applied to remove air or secretions.

A camera attached to the scope takes pictures. The doctor may also insert tiny tools such as forceps, clips, and swabs through the scope to collect tissue samples (biopsy), remove growths, or stop bleeding.

To make it easier for your doctor to see different parts of your upper GI tract, someone may change your position or apply gentle pressure to your belly. After the exam is done, the scope is slowly pulled out.

After the test

You will feel groggy after the test until the medicine wears off. This usually takes a few hours. Many people report that they remember very little of the test because of the sedative given before and during the test.

If your throat was numbed before the test, don’t eat or drink until your throat is no longer numb and your gag reflex has returned to normal.

How long the test takes

The test usually takes 30 to 45 minutes. But it may take longer, depending on what is found and what is done during the test.

Watch

How It Feels

You may notice a brief, sharp pain when the intravenous (IV) needle is placed in a vein in your arm. The local anesthetic sprayed into your throat usually tastes slightly bitter. It will make your tongue and throat feel numb and swollen. Some people report that they feel as if they can’t breathe at times because of the tube in their throat. But this is a false sensation caused by the anesthetic. There is always plenty of breathing space around the tube in your mouth and throat. Remember to relax and take slow, deep breaths.

During the test, you may feel very drowsy and relaxed from the sedative and pain medicines. You may have some gagging, nausea, bloating, or mild cramping in your belly as the tube is moved. If you have pain, alert your doctor with an agreed-upon signal or a tap on the arm. Even though you won’t be able to talk during the procedure, you can still communicate.

The suction machine that’s used to remove secretions may be noisy, but it doesn’t cause pain. The removal of biopsy samples is also painless.

Risks

Problems, or complications, are rare. There is a slight risk that your esophagus, stomach, or upper small intestine will get a small tear in it. If this happens, you may need surgery to fix it. There is also a slight chance of infection after the test.

Bleeding may also happen from the test or if a tissue sample (biopsy) is taken. But the bleeding usually stops on its own without treatment. If you vomit during the test and some of the vomit enters your lungs, aspiration pneumonia is a possible risk.

An irregular heartbeat may happen during the test. But it almost always goes away on its own without treatment.

The risk of problems is higher in people who have serious heart disease. It’s also higher in older adults and people who are frail or physically weakened. Talk to your doctor about your specific risks.

Results

Your doctor may be able to talk to you about some of the findings right after your endoscopy. But the medicines you get to help relax you may impair your memory, so your doctor may wait until they fully wear off. It may take 2 to 4 days for some results. Tests for certain infections may take several weeks.

A biopsy sample may be taken to:

• Find the cause of inflammation.
• Find out if tumors or ulcers contain cancer cells.
• Identify a type of bacteria called H. pylori that can cause ulcers or a fungus such as candida that sometimes causes infectious esophagitis.

Many conditions can affect the results of this test. Your doctor will discuss your results with you in relation to your symptoms and past health.

Credits

Current as of:
April 15, 2020

Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson MD – Internal Medicine
Adam Husney MD – Family Medicine
Jerome B. Simon MD, FRCPC, FACP – Gastroenterology

Current as of: April 15, 2020

Author:
Healthwise Staff

Medical Review:E. Gregory Thompson MD – Internal Medicine & Adam Husney MD – Family Medicine & Jerome B. Simon MD, FRCPC, FACP – Gastroenterology

Gastroscopy – NHS

A gastroscopy is a procedure where a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope is used to look inside the oesophagus (gullet), stomach and first part of the small intestine (duodenum).

It’s also sometimes referred to as an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

The endoscope has a light and a camera at one end. The camera sends images of the inside of your oesophagus, stomach and duodenum to a monitor.

Why a gastroscopy may be used 

A gastroscopy can be used to:

A gastroscopy used to check symptoms or confirm a diagnosis is known as a diagnostic gastroscopy. A gastroscopy used to treat a condition is known as a therapeutic gastroscopy.

Read more about why a gastroscopy may be used.

The gastroscopy procedure

A gastroscopy often takes less than 15 minutes, although it may take longer if it’s being used to treat a condition.

It’s usually carried out as an outpatient procedure, which means you won’t have to spend the night in hospital.

Before the procedure, your throat will be numbed with a local anaesthetic spray. You can also choose to have a sedative, if you prefer. This means you will still be awake, but will be drowsy and have reduced awareness about what’s happening.

The doctor carrying out the procedure will place the endoscope in the back of your mouth and ask you to swallow the first part of the tube. It will then be guided down your oesophagus and into your stomach.

The procedure shouldn’t be painful, but it may be unpleasant or uncomfortable at times. 

Read more about how a gastroscopy is performed.

What are the risks?

A gastroscopy is a very safe procedure, but like all medical procedures it does carry a risk of complications.

Possible complications that can occur include:

• a reaction to the sedative, which can cause problems with your breathing, heart rate and blood pressure
• internal bleeding
• tearing (perforation) of the lining of your oesophagus, stomach or duodenum

Read more about the risks associated with a gastroscopy.

Page last reviewed: 12 June 2018
Next review due: 12 June 2021

Upper Endoscopy (EGD) | MUSC Health

Examination

After signing the consent form you will put on a hospital gown and will remove any glasses, contacts, and dentures. An IV needle will be placed into a vein in your arm or hand. Fluids and medications will be administered through this IV. You will be taken into a special room for the procedure and asked to lie on your right side. A local anesthetic (with a bitter taste) will be sprayed into your mouth to make it numb and reduce gagging. Monitoring devices will be placed on your skin to measure blood pressure, heart rate, and blood oxygen during the procedure.

After you are sleepy, the doctor will place the thin flexible tube (endoscope) through the mouthguard. When you swallow he will gently advance the scope down the esophagus. A small video camera on the tip of the scope allows the doctor to see. Special controls allow the doctor to: move the tip of the instrument in certain directions; blow air into the gut; or, to suck secretions and waste residuals out to clear his view. There is a also small channel in the endoscope to pass special instruments through, which the doctor may need for diagnosis or treatment.

Although initially you may feel like gagging this will quickly pass and you will not feel any of the diagnostic maneuvers or treatments which may need to be performed. The endoscope will not interfere with your breathing in any way.

After carefully examining your esophagus, the endoscope will be advanced into your stomach. A small amount of air will be added to distend your stomach to gain a better view. All areas in your stomach will be examined.

Next, the endoscope is advanced through the pylorus (the opening between the stomach and duodenum). You may feel some slight pressure here but should not experience any pain. The first portion of your small intestine (duodenum) is then carefully examined for any abnormalities. After this, any diagnostic or therapeutic maneuvers will be performed and the scope will be gently withdrawn from your mouth. The entire procedure usually takes between 10–30 minutes.

After the Procedure

Over the years, advances have made possible the endoscopic treatment of diseases, which in the past have required surgery. There are many useful treatments, which may be employed during EGD. Certain disorders of the gut can result in serious bleeding.

Varices are large “varicose veins” found in the stomach and esophagus especially in patients with liver disease. They can rupture and cause severe bleeding. They can be treated at the time of endoscopy by injecting them with medicine (sclerotherapy) or by placing rubber bands on them. Similarly, ulcers in the stomach and duodenum and abnormal blood vessels (AVM’s) can cause bleeding. These can be treated by injecting medicine in them or by applying electricity & heat to them through a special catheter (plastic tube) at the end of the endoscope to cauterize them. Once again you cannot feel any of these treatments.

Foreign bodies (batteries, coins, chicken or fish bones, etc.) that have been intentionally or accidentally swallowed may also be removed from the upper GI tract during upper endoscopy without the need for surgery. If any narrowing or strictures are found in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum these can usually be dilated (stretched) using balloons or other dilating devices. In some extreme cases, usually involving inoperable tumors, splinting devices called “stents” can be left behind. Stents are plastic & metal mesh tubes, which expand once they have been placed to keep blockages in the gut open.

Finally, in some patients who can no longer eat in a conventional way, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube can be placed at the time of EGD. This small feeding tube is placed through the skin and into the stomach under endoscopic control. There are other therapies, which may be performed at the time of EGD, and you should discuss these with your doctor prior to your procedure.

Diagnosis at EGD

Many times a diagnosis can be made when abnormalities are found while viewing the upper GI tract. However, it is often necessary to take a small biopsy (sample of tissue) to aid in or confirm the diagnosis. These specimens are obtained with special biopsy forceps and you cannot feel them when they are taken. Special brushes can obtain other cell samples from the lining of the upper GI tract for cytology examination. If inflammation or erosion of the esophagus (esophagitis), stomach (gastritis), or duodenum (duodenitis) is noted, biopsies can be helpful in determining the cause. If inflammation or ulcers are present in the stomach or duodenum, a biopsy can be taken to look for the presence of a bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) which has been proven to cause some ulcers and can be treated with antibiotics if found. Similarly, if any nodules (bumps), masses, or tumors are found, biopsies can help determine if they are benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Sometimes other biopsies are taken even if the lining of the upper GI tract appears normal to look for microscopic evidence of diseases of the gut which might be causing certain symptoms, or to screen for certain diseases.

Endoscopy Treatments

Over the years, advances have made possible the endoscopic treatment of diseases, which in the past have required surgery. There are many useful treatments, which may be employed during EGD. Certain disorders of the gut can result in serious bleeding. Varices are large “varicose veins” found in the stomach and esophagus especially in patients with liver disease. They can rupture and cause severe bleeding. They can be treated at the time of endoscopy by injecting them with medicine (sclerotherapy) or by placing rubber bands on them. Similarly, ulcers in the stomach and duodenum and abnormal blood vessels (AVM’s) can cause bleeding. These can be treated by injecting medicine in them or by applying electricity & heat to them through a special catheter (plastic tube) at the end of the endoscope to cauterize them. Once again you cannot feel any of these treatments. Foreign bodies (batteries, coins, chicken or fish bones, etc.) that have been intentionally or accidentally swallowed may also be removed from the upper GI tract during upper endoscopy without the need for surgery. If any narrowing or strictures are found in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum these can usually be dilated (stretched) using balloons or other dilating devices. In some extreme cases, usually involving inoperable tumors, splinting devices called “stents” can be left behind. Stents are plastic & metal mesh tubes, which expand once they have been placed to keep blockages in the gut open. Finally, in some patients who can no longer eat in a conventional way, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube can be placed at the time of EGD. This small feeding tube is placed through the skin and into the stomach under endoscopic control. There are other therapies, which may be performed at the time of EGD, and you should discuss these with your doctor prior to your procedure.

Risks

Although upper endoscopy is a frequently used modality for diagnosing and treating a number of GI disorders, no medical technique is completely safe and there are potential complications with upper endoscopy. There is a small risk of having a reaction to the medications used for sedation or to any antibiotics that may be given prior to the procedure. You will be monitored closely during the procedure and there are medications that will reverse some of the adverse effects of those medications used during the procedure if necessary. There is a small risk of infection. This risk is so small that antibiotics are not routinely given prior to the procedure. In certain circumstances such as heart valve problems, prior heart infections (endocarditis), previously placed artificial joints, or certain liver problems your doctor may want to give you antibiotics before the procedure to reduce the risk of infection. There is a small risk of bleeding from the procedure. Rarely is it necessary to give a blood transfusion or other treatments such as surgery. Bleeding is usually controlled through the endoscope. Another rare complication from EGD is perforation. This occurs when the tip of the endoscope goes through a weakened part of the gut wall resulting in a hole. This almost always requires surgery to correct but is a very uncommon complication of EGD. When placing a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube the risk of bleeding and infection are slightly higher and antibiotics are usually given prior to this procedure.

Since there are a number of variables involved, it is difficult to generalize about the exact risks of EGD in various settings, so it is very important to talk to your doctor about your specific risks before you have any procedure. If after an EGD you experience any severe abdominal pain, fever, increased blood in your stools or vomit, extreme dizziness/ lightheadedness you should not hesitate to call your doctor since early recognition of post procedure complications greatly improves your outcome.

What to do before, during and after the procedure

Upper endoscopy is a procedure in which your doctor uses a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope to examine the upper digestive tract. This includes the esophagus, stomach and the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. The endoscope has a tiny camera and light source at its tip to allow your doctor to view, diagnose, and sometimes, treat the problem in the upper part of your gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Other terms for upper endoscopy are GI endoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or panendoscopy.

When is upper endoscopy needed?

Your doctor may recommend an endoscopy procedure for different reasons, including:

• To identify the cause of bleeding from the upper portion of your gastrointestinal tract.
• To investigate symptoms of abdominal pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, or difficulty swallowing.
• To detect inflammation, ulcers, tumors and other abnormal growths in the upper digestive system, as an endoscopy often reveals more accurate results than Xray, thus making it easier for doctors to hone in on issues such as these
• To collect a small sample tissue to be examined (also known as endoscopic biopsy). A biopsy helps your doctor identify whether the tissue taken is benign or malignant. While biopsy is usually performed to detect cancer, your doctor might also do a biopsy to test for Helicobacter pylori, the bacterium that causes ulcers.
• To perform a cytology test, a procedure where your doctor uses a small brush to obtain cells for analysis.
• To treat problems of the upper digestive system. Your doctor can pass special tools through the endoscope to treat abnormal conditions, such as stretching a narrowed esophagus, removing polyps or burning a bleeding vessel to stop bleeding. These procedures cause little or no discomfort.

How to prepare for upper endoscopy?

You will be advised to have an empty stomach. This means that you should not eat or drink anything for at least six hours prior to the procedure, or as instructed by your doctor. Having an empty stomach allows your doctor to have a clear view of your upper GI tract. Otherwise, food particles can block your doctor’s view and hide important conditions that may be present. Fasting also prevents aspiration or choking during the examination.

If you’re taking medications, inform your doctor about them in advance. You might need to stop taking them or adjust your usual dosage. Some medications may require special instructions such as aspirin products, blood thinners (i.e. warfarin or heparin), arthritis medications, insulin and iron products. It is also important to tell your doctor if you have a lung and heart disease as well as any allergies you have to medications.

 What happens during upper endoscopy?

The procedure begins with your doctor spraying your throat with local anesthetic. You will also receive a sedative medication to help you feel relaxed. You will then be asked to lie down on a table on your side. As the procedure gets underway, your doctor will insert the endoscope in your mouth and through your esophagus, stomach and duodenum.

While it is normal to feel some pressure in your pain, it should not interfere with your breathing. In most cases, patients fall asleep during the procedure.

What happens after upper endoscopy?

You will be monitored for an hour post-procedure until the effects of the sedatives have worn off. It is normal to experience some cramping or bloating due to the air introduced into your stomach during the examination. Your throat might be a little sore, too.

Before leaving the clinic, your doctor will discuss the findings of the test to you. If a biopsy was performed, you will likely need to wait for its results, which usually takes a few days. It is also important to have someone drive you home and accompany you if you have been given sedatives. The side effects of the medication may delay your judgment and reflexes throughout the day even if you feel alert after the procedure.

What are the possible complications post-upper endoscopy?

Overall, upper endoscopy is a very safe test. When done by highly-trained and highly-experienced doctors, complications of upper endoscopy and polypectomy are rare. While bleeding may occur at the area where the sample tissue was taken or the polyps were removed, the bleeding is often minor and can go away on its own. Take note, however, that the bleeding can occur several days after the procedure.

You can also experience reactions to the sedatives used or complications from existing heart or lung disorder. While complications after upper endoscopy are rare, it is crucial to recognize early signs of potential complications such as severe abdominal pain, fever and chills, difficulty in swallowing, increasing size of the throat and bleeding (i.e black stools). If you notice any of these signs, contact your doctor immediately.

What to Expect During an Endoscopy Procedure

Has your doctor told you that you need an upper endoscopy, also referred to as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)? While not a routine procedure, the EGD is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal illness, as well as for monitoring chronic problems. Whether this is your first endoscopy, or you have had one before, you may have a few questions about what to expect before, during, and after your procedure. An upper endoscopy is a procedure performed by a trained doctor to visualize your upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract by passing a flexible tube with a light and a camera through the mouth or nose. The areas observed include the tube that connects your mouth to your stomach, called the esophagus, the stomach and the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. Most, but not all, people are sedated during the procedure, and will remember little to nothing when they wake up; and very few people have any complications. So, if you are scheduled for an upper endoscopy procedure, here is an overview of what you can expect.

Why Would I Need an Endoscopy?

There are a number of reasons your doctor might recommend an endoscopy, and most fall into three categories – diagnosis of symptoms, monitoring known illnesses, or treatment of disease. Some of the signs or symptoms that would prompt a need for an EGD include unexplained, persistent pain of the upper abdomen, especially if you are over 50 years old; persistent nausea and vomiting; unexplained anemia; frank (or hidden) blood in your vomit or stool; difficulty swallowing; or abnormal X-rays.

If you have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and have not improved with medications, your doctor will probably also want to take a look at the tissue in your GI tract. If you have a known illness such as Barrett’s esophagus or a tumor, having an endoscopy will allow your doctor the opportunity to evaluate if treatment is helping or if the disease is stable. Also, sometimes an endoscopy is needed to perform a function such as removing a foreign object that is stuck in the esophagus, or to open an esophagus that is narrow and causing swallowing problems. Be sure to talk to your doctor beforehand, so that you understand exactly why you need an endoscopy, and what his or her expectations and goals for the procedure are.

Before the Endoscopy

There is generally no prep for you to take prior to an upper endoscopy, but your doctor will give you guidelines about what to eat or drink beforehand, and how you should take your usual medications. Generally, you will be asked to not eat or drink for 4 to 8 hours prior to the procedure. It is very important to follow this recommendation, because the procedure may need to be postponed if you don’t. You will usually be able to take your routine medications with some exceptions and changes; these should be discussed in advance with your doctor. For instance, if you take aspirin, NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen), and certain vitamins or supplements, you may be asked to stop these for up to a week before the test.

If you take routine anticoagulants (like Coumadin or Plavix), you should discuss if and how you should take them prior to the procedure. Do not stop these medications before talking to your doctor first, and make sure your doctor knows that you are taking them. If you are a diabetic, you may need to adjust your medications or insulin, but should do this only on the recommendation of your doctor. You will most likely be able to take all the rest of your routine medications with a sip of water, but again, verify this with your doctor.

You should expect to receive written instructions from the doctor performing the endoscopy at least a week prior to the procedure. Be sure to read over all the information and ask questions if there is something you are not sure about. If you fail to follow all the recommendations, your procedure may be postponed or cancelled.

When You Arrive

You will be given a specific time to arrive prior to your procedure. This will allow time for any preparations that may need to be made before you have the endoscopy. You will be asked to change into a hospital gown and your medical history will be reviewed. Please make sure to bring a list of all of your medications and let the staff know what you have taken that day. At this time, the procedure will be explained to you, including what the doctor plans to do, what the risks and benefits are, what alternatives may exist, what the expected outcome is, and what limitations may exist to achieving the goals of the procedure.

Usually there is no need for laboratory tests prior to the exam, but depending on your circumstances, you may need a pregnancy test. Next, an intravenous line (IV) will be started so that you can receive fluids and medications through it. Now you will be ready for the procedure.

During the Endoscopy

Once in the procedure room, you will be asked to lie on your left side on the exam table.  Next, a mouth guard will be placed in your mouth so that the endoscope will not damage your teeth. At this point, if you are receiving sedation, you will start to be sleepy and will most likely remain asleep throughout the procedure, which generally takes about 10 to 20 minutes. Because of the sedation medication, patients are generally unaware of what is going on and do not remember anything when they wake up.

Once you are sedated, the doctor will guide the flexible gastroscope, which is about the same thickness as a finger, through the esophagus, into the stomach, and then into the duodenum. There is a light and lens on the end of the tube that sends images back to a TV monitor, so the doctor can visualize the tissue of your GI tract. During this time, any additional procedures that are needed, such as removing a foreign object, taking a biopsy, or dilating a narrow portion of the esophagus, will be done. These procedures are not painful. The most discomfort you may experience during or after the procedure is usually bloating that results from air that is pushed into the GI tract to expand areas for better visualization or for passing of the tube. Once everything is completed, the tube will be removed and you will be allowed to wake up from the sedation.

Recovery and Discharge

After the endoscopy, you will be given time to fully wake up. Once alert enough, you will be given something light to eat and drink. You might still feel a little fuzzy and have difficulty concentrating. This is just residual effect from the sedation that will wear off. However, most doctors will require that you have someone drive you home, because the medications you have been given can decrease your reflexes until they are completely cleared from your system. You will also be asked to not return to work, not use heavy machinery, and not make any major decisions for the rest of the day.

You should not feel any pain after an endoscopy. The worst discomfort you might feel is bloating, and a mild sore throat. If you feel anything more severe than this, you should notify your doctor.

Potential Complications

As an upper endoscopy is a relatively safe procedure, complications are uncommon. Aspiration of stomach content into the lungs can occur, but the risk is greatly reduced by abstaining from eating and drinking prior to the exam, as directed. It is also possible to have a reaction to the sedation medication. This is why it is important to let your doctor know if you have ever had a reaction to any medication. Occasionally, bleeding can occur from the site of a biopsy, but this should stop quickly on its own. If you notice persistent bleeding, you should call the doctor. Finally, while it is extremely rare, there is always the possibility that a hole could be torn in one of the structures being examined. However, overall, an upper endoscopy is a very safe procedure that can be a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the upper GI tract.

At Austin Gastroenterology, your digestive health is our top priority. If you have any questions regarding upper endoscopies, or any concerning symptoms you would like to discuss, call us at an office near you to set up an appointment: North Office (512) 244-2273, Central Office (512) 454-4588, and South Office (512) 448-4588. If you are an existing patient, you can request an appointment online.

Gastric endoscopy: an informative method for examining the gastrointestinal tract

Contents

Endoscopic examination – a type of examination that involves the introduction of a specialized device (endoscope) into the patient’s body to examine organs from the inside. Modern endoscopes can be equipped with a video camera as well as an ultrasound probe.

For endoscopic examination of the esophagus and stomach, the apparatus is usually inserted through the patient’s mouth.To view other organs of the gastrointestinal tract, an endoscope can be inserted through the rectum.

Highlights of the procedure

Endoscopic examination of the esophagus and organs of the upper segment of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out as follows:

• The patient lies on the left side on the couch and pulls the right leg bent at the knee to the stomach
• The device tube is slowly inserted into the esophagus
• At the right time, the doctor will inform the patient about the need to perform swallowing movements
• A specialist examines tissues, mucous membranes and blood vessels for damage, pathologies, foci of infection
• If necessary, tissue samples can be taken for examination in the laboratory
• After examination, the doctor carefully removes the device
• The patient is recommended to spend about one and a half hours in a horizontal position

When inserting the endoscope, it is important that it does not touch the trachea.Otherwise, the patient may start coughing, and all manipulations will have to be repeated anew.

The procedure itself is painless, but unpleasant sensations and discomfort may occur during the insertion of the device tube.

For a more accurate diagnosis, in addition to biopsy, photo and video filming can be used, the results of which the doctor can later consider in more detail.

The total duration of endoscopy is about 5 minutes.

What can be seen during gastrointestinal endoscopy

Endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract allows you to determine the presence of diseases, pathologies and injuries, as well as the degree of their development and prevalence.This inspection is more informative for identifying problems at an early stage.

The examination shows the following violations:

• Ulcer and erosion
• Neoplasm (benign and malignant)
• Excessive thickening of the walls and formation of polyps
• Inflammation of the mucous membranes
• Incorrect work of blood vessels in the walls of organs

Due to the close location of the digestive tract, a disease or other pathology can quickly spread to all of them.Therefore, the doctor conducts a comprehensive examination using various methods. This approach avoids complications.

Preparation for endoscopy

• Tell your doctor in advance if you are allergic to drugs
• The day before the procedure, you must stop smoking and drinking alcohol
• 10 hours before the study – stop eating
• In the remaining time, you can drink still water in small quantities
• Half an hour before the examination, the patient is injected with the necessary medications
• Sedatives may be used if the patient is overly nervous
• Local anesthesia can be used if the patient is sensitive.

Also, the doctor tells in advance what the procedure is, how it will take place, and what the patient should do.

Indications and contraindications

Endoscopic examination of the digestive tract is carried out according to the following indications:

• Identification of inflammation of the mucous membrane and other tissues, as well as its localization
• Determination of the location of a foreign body
• The need to remove polyps in the gastrointestinal tract
• Identification of ulcers, gastritis, colitis, etc.
• Finding and treating the site of damage to blood vessels (in the presence of bleeding)
• Biopsy of tissues with signs of malignant cells
• Determination of the cause of obstruction of food in the stomach
• Examination of tissues previously damaged due to disease for the presence of adhesions, scars, etc.
• Identifying the causes of anemia
• Monitoring the effectiveness of therapy

There are two types of contraindications for endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract: in the first case, such a study is strictly prohibited, but in the second, it is allowed with the utmost care.

Absolute contraindications to the procedure:

• Previous stroke or heart attack
• Heart or pulmonary failure (I or II degree)
• Pathological narrowing of the lumen of the esophagus
• Varicose veins in the walls of the esophagus or stomach
• Atherosclerosis
• Atonia, weakness
• Hemorrhagic diathesis
• Excessive body weight
• Mental illness

Endoscopic examination of the esophagus and stomach is used with caution in the following cases:

• Presence of an inflamed larynx, tonsils or pharyngeal tissue
• Chronic asthma
• Angina pectoris associated with hypertension III degree
• Probability of perforation of peptic ulcer in the acute stage

Advantages of the procedure in MEDSI

• Clinic specialists use modern equipment – video endoscopic systems and instruments from the Japanese company Olympus and the German company Xion, which makes it possible to make a diagnosis most accurately
• Application of various types of endo-procedures: polypectomy, chromoendoscopic and histological examinations
• If necessary, doctors of related profiles are involved in making a diagnosis
• To make an appointment for a consultation, call the round-the-clock phone 8 (495) 7-800-500
• More than 20 MEDSI clinics are located in Moscow and the region

Do not delay with treatment, see a doctor now:

Gastric endoscopy – preparation for the procedure under anesthesia, diet, as they do

Full text of the article:

Esophagogastroscopy (from Latin-Greek, where oesophagus-esophagus gaster-stomach, duodenum duodenum 12, skopeo-look) is a type of endoscopic highly specialized examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, 12intestine) using a flexible endoscope. Endoscopy is performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The unique optical capabilities of the device make it possible not only to examine all areas of the mucous membrane of the diseased organ, to examine the pit and vascular patterns, as well as to make a photo and video of it.

This procedure allows one to study the state of the organs of the upper gastrointestinal tract at one time, and, if necessary, makes it possible to carry out additional diagnostic (testing for Helicobacter pylori, chromoscopy, determination of acidity, manometry) and therapeutic manipulations (to stop bleeding, perform taking a piece of tissue for histological examination and removing neoplasms).

How is gastroscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) performed?

In order to conduct an examination with the greatest information content, it is important to know how to prepare for a gastric endoscopy procedure:

• To reduce the manifestations of the gag reflex, the patient’s mouth and throat are treated with a local anesthetic solution (usually 10% lidocaine spray). In exceptional cases, anesthesia is required;
• The patient should lie on the left side and bend the knees and relax;
• Remove dentures from the oral cavity, remove piercing
• The nurse will install a special mouthpiece / guide, which you clamp with your teeth or gums, it is needed to make it easier for you not to close your mouth during the procedure and to protect an expensive endoscope from damage during the examination
• For better visualization and smoothing of all folds, a small amount of air or carbon dioxide is injected through the endoscope

How is the endoscopy procedure performed?

During esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a thin flexible endoscope tube with an optical system (video camera) at the end is gradually led from the mouth of the esophagus to the initial sections of the small intestine.Endoscopes equipped with a fiber optic system and a lens transmit the image to the monitor online, which allows the doctor to immediately diagnose the condition of the subject. Then the apparatus is carefully removed.

Capsule gastroscopy differs in that instead of a probe, the patient swallows a plastic capsule containing a video camera (after 8-15 hours it is excreted from the body naturally during the act of defecation).

The duration of the procedure is determined individually.With local anesthesia, the time of manipulation takes 7-10 minutes . With general anesthesia, the examination lasts about 30 minutes .

IMPORTANT! After endoscopy of the esophagus and stomach, it is not recommended to drink or eat for 30 minutes. Refrain from driving on this day after anesthesia / sedation.

How to prepare for gastroscopy?

Before undergoing a gastroscopy, it is necessary to follow some recommendations. It is advisable, first of all, to consult a specialist (doctor – gastroenterologist):

• Based on the history, he will determine the indications or contraindications for gastric endoscopy.If necessary, he will prescribe additional tests for FGDS;
• Determines the type of anesthesia based on the patient’s response to certain medications;
• The doctor will find out bad habits that can affect the outcome of endoscopy;
• Prescribe a diet before the procedure;
• The doctor will warn about the symptoms that may arise after the procedure;
• Will answer all your questions (for example, does it hurt).

Two to three days before the manipulation, do not take spicy food, smoked meats and fried foods. But steamed lean meat, light soups with vegetable broths and porridge, on the contrary, are welcome. The bread should be slightly dry.

On the day of the gastroscopy, if the procedure is scheduled for the first part of the day, you cannot eat. And if in the afternoon, you can afford a light breakfast (well-cooked porridge or cottage cheese is optimal for this), but no later than 8-10 hours before the study.

Particular attention should be paid to the drinking regime! Drinking is prohibited before the examination. And during preparation, alcohol, soda and coffee are excluded.

What to Expect During a Gastroscopy?

Thanks to anesthesia, the person does not cough and does not feel the urge to vomit. Breathing is not difficult and asthma attacks are excluded, since the endoscope does not block the airways.

The main thing is to morally tune, then a calm state will not lead to a spasm of the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, and the study will be easier for both the patient and the doctor.

What to expect after gastroscopy?

If gastroscopy is performed correctly, then, as years of practice have shown, after the procedure, the patient does not experience any unpleasant sensations. The only thing is that there may be some discomfort in the throat and slight perspiration. But even these symptoms disappear within a day.

What are the possible complications of gastroscopy?

If the Doctor prescribed a gastroscopy for you, then he analyzed your state of health and believes that with your state of health the risks of complications are minimal (i.e.e. heart attack, stroke, and other serious “general” negative manifestations that can be provoked through research are excluded)

Immediately at the procedure itself, complications are extremely rare; possible complications during endoscopy of the stomach and duodenum include perforation (perforation) of the walls of organs and bleeding caused by trauma. But such side effects are extremely rare, and if you properly prepare yourself, do not regurgitate, fulfill all the requirements and commands of the endoscopist, then the risks are minimal.

As a rule, gastroscopy is prescribed during the examination by a specialist doctor if there are complaints about the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. “on demand”. some are forced to undergo “preventive gastroscopy” 2 times a year during periods of exacerbation of diseases and within the framework of “clinical examination” if this item is marked for your age. But if pathologies are found, then the gastroenterologist or the attending physician prescribes this examination individually, depending on the severity of the disease.

If you care about maintaining your health, we recommend that you undergo gastroscopy and colonoscopy every 4-5 years, in the absence of pathology.Ask your endoscopist what interval he recommends for you!

90,000 Myths and Reality – Family Doctor Clinic.

Endoscopy is the most accurate way to diagnose a variety of diseases.

Gastroscopy and colonoscopy are the most important studies that allow not only to establish a diagnosis, but also, unlike other methods for examining the gastrointestinal tract, to take a pathological area of ​​tissue for examination under a microscope using special instruments (biopsy for cytological and histological studies).

At the same time, it is these studies that patients fear most of all. Those who decide on these procedures for the first time begin to recall the reviews of friends and relatives, read about it on the Internet and finally become convinced that it is painful and scary.

Let’s take a look at the myths and legends associated with endoscopic research. What kind of fears do not allow us to safely go to the examination?

Does it really hurt?

It doesn’t hurt, but rather unpleasant.The procedure is completely physiological, the special apparatus runs in the same way as a lump of food formed as a result of chewing and wetting it with saliva (which, by the way, is much larger in diameter than the apparatus being introduced!). The gastroscope, on the other hand, remains in the upper esophageal sphincter and is felt, and this is precisely the “feeling of the apparatus in the throat” that must be tolerated during the procedure. Of course, there is no point in hiding the fact that it is unpleasant, but the fact that it does not hurt is absolutely certain!

How long does a gastroscopy take?

Many patients are surprised when the doctor says that the study itself lasts only a few minutes, while they are recorded for an hour.Indeed, the time for a patient’s appointment lasts an entire hour, since it also affects the time for complete processing and disinfection of the device in automatic mode. The research protocol for transferring to the patient is drawn up for 5-15 minutes, the subsequent explanation of the research results lasts individually, but, as practice shows, it rarely takes less than 10-15 minutes. Hence it turns out 1 hour.

M Is it possible to suffocate, injure your throat?

You shouldn’t be afraid of this at all.First, a gastroscope is inserted into the esophagus under the supervision of a physician. Secondly, the device is a flexible rubber tube that does not have protruding metal parts, so it cannot injure you in any way.

It is impossible to suffocate, the airways are away from the device being inserted.

Am I vomiting?

Most likely, the feeling of nausea may occur during the study. But vomiting as such cannot be, since the study is performed on an empty stomach and the stomach is empty.To minimize the feeling of nausea, the doctor will tell you how to behave during the examination, in addition, a local anesthetic is injected into the oral cavity before the examination, which reduces sensitivity in the reflex zones.

What happens if the doctor discovers something during the examination?

Many are worried about how the procedure time will change and whether painful sensations will appear if the doctor discovers something during the study.It is impossible to predict in advance what is inside the patient. If during the examination it is necessary to take material for additional research, the doctor will definitely do this. At the same time, the patient will not experience any painful moments associated with this procedure, since there are no sensitive receptors in the esophagus, stomach, intestines. The duration of the study will increase by an average of half a minute. At the place of taking the material, a micro-gash is formed, which itself tightens in the near future.

Can I get some infections through the endoscope?

You should not be afraid of infection. The current standards for instrument processing are very strict: mechanical cleaning of the endoscope, soaking in special solutions. Disinfection and sterilization in special devices are guaranteed to disinfect the device.

And what about colonoscopy?

As for the colonoscopy, everything is the same here.The research is mostly just unpleasant. It is necessary to endure a feeling of bloating, since the doctor will introduce air through the colonoscope to examine the intestine, and at times there may be pain when the apparatus passes the corners and loops of the intestine, since the large intestine does not lie “in a straight line” like the stomach, but makes bends so that fit into the abdominal cavity. The doctor will take all measures to reduce the discomfort. At the end of the procedure, the air introduced into the intestine will be aspirated through a special channel of the endoscope, and the feeling of bloating will pass.Accurate adherence to the specialist’s instructions will make it much easier to transfer the study. Each patient is individual and all sensations depend on a number of factors. On average, the study lasts from 6 to 20 minutes.

Endoscopy with anesthetic aid

But if you still do not decide on such necessary studies as gastroscopy and colonoscopy, then they can always be performed with an anesthetic aid. Safe anesthesia is used to induce the patient into a shallow sleep, which ceases to work immediately upon completion.The person wakes up and can immediately leave the clinic on their own.

In conclusion, I would like to remind you that the diagnosis of any pathology at an early stage is the key to its quick and successful treatment and recovery!

Information for you was prepared by:

Kolesnikova Ekaterina Vladimirovna – endoscopist, Ph.D. Conducts a reception in the building of the clinic on Ozerkovskaya.

How to do gastroscopy of the stomach through the mouth | How often can gastroscopy be done and how long does it take

Gastroscopy is
informative diagnostic method
various diseases of the digestive
systems.The procedure is performed using
special endoscopic
equipment – a gastroscope. It allows
examine the state
esophagus, stomach and
duodenum. Study
widely used in gastroenterology
practice.

Preparation

To
the examination was successful and the results
were reliable, must be correct
prepare for gastroscopy. Per
a few days need to change the habit
food, start dieting
with the exception of heavy food, alcohol,
strong tea and coffee.The diet includes
only easily digestible products. For 8-12
hours before the study meal
prohibited to minimize risk
the occurrence of a gag reflex during
manipulation time. Drinking liquids
(ordinary water without gas) is allowed for
3 hours before the start of the diagnosis. Smokers
should exclude cigarettes because
nicotine causes increased secretion
gastric juice.

If possible, you should
refuse to take medications.V
especially, this applies to non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs and
blood thinners.

If the patient experiences
great excitement just before
manipulation, then you can make a subcutaneous
an injection of a mild sedative
funds. Keep calm during
the time of the procedure is very important. Otherwise
case, a person begins to commit
involuntary sudden movements and
complicates research.

If you have an allergic
reactions to anesthetics, should be done in advance
notify the doctor about this.

How is gastroscopy done
stomach through the mouth

Standard Procedure
performed by an endoscopist doctor through
mouth using a special
equipment. Endoscope presents
a flexible hollow tube with a diameter
no more than 10 mm. At one end, it is equipped with
backlight and miniature video camera,
the other end is connected to the computer.It has holes through which
you can enter tools for taking
biopsy and other manipulations.

Research is being carried out
in a separate office. The patient is positioned
on a couch in a lying position on the left
side, with knees pulled up to the chest.
Under
a roller is placed on the head. If
the patient wears glasses, lenses or removable
dentures, they must be removed
for security. Doctor irrigates
the root of the tongue and the back
throat local
anesthetic lidocaine.Thanks to
this, the muscles relax, which
facilitates subsequent insertion of the probe.
Further, the patient is offered to clamp his teeth
mouthguard to avoid biting the device.
Through the oral cavity gastroscope
gently inserted into the cavity
stomach
and a thorough examination is carried out with
all sides. The image is transferred to
monitor screen, and a specialist examines
condition of the mucous membrane. If visualization
difficult, then through endoscopic
a stream of water is injected into the tube, or
air is supplied.So washed away
endoscope lens and examination site.

Breathing during
procedures should be smooth and deep.
Do not swallow
standing, accumulated saliva is removed
suction.

After
examination completed, endoscope
carefully removed. The doctor enters everything
the received data into the protocol and gives
paper on the hands of the patient.

If you are worried about a health problem, sign up for a diagnosis.The success of treatment depends on the correct diagnosis.

Do gastroscopy under
anesthesia

Procedure in progress
under anesthesia or sedation if available
indications or at the request of the patient. V
in this case, more careful
preparation. The patient must provide
electrocardiogram results,
fluorography, various analyzes.

Medical indications:

• inflammatory
  processes in the stomach and
  intestines;
• strong emetic
  reflex.

Gastroscopy under
anesthesia is always performed in the presence of
anesthesiologist. He selects suitable
drugs and calculates the dosage.

Medication sleep
lasts about half an hour. During this time, the doctor
manages not only to examine the stomach,
but also perform, if necessary, therapeutic
and diagnostic manipulations.

How long does it take
procedure

Patients always ask
the question of how long it takes to complete
gastroscopy.The research lasts
not for long – about 20-30 minutes. This is quite
enough to view the entire interior
the surface of the stomach. For an experienced specialist
it takes even less time – only
15 minutes. If during gastroscopy
biopsy (taking a sample
epithelial tissue) or carry out other
manipulation, then the time increases slightly
(for 10-15 minutes).

How often to do

Many patients are interested in
how often this examination can be done.Gastroscopy is multitasking
procedure. It is carried out with different
frequency, depending on the goals
research.

1. Medical. Performed
   for cauterization of bleeding, removal
   neoplasms, spraying
   pharmaceuticals inside
   stomach. Execution frequency in each
   the specific case is determined by the doctor
   gastroenterologist.
2. Diagnostic.
   If there are complaints or suspicions about
   any disease is carried out alone
   once a year.
3. Preventive.
   Indicated for patients suffering from pathologies
   gastrointestinal tract. Performed
   once every 6-12 months.

In general, if not
contraindications, then the number
endoscopic manipulations are not
limited. This diagnostic method
considered safe and rarely accompanied
complications. But in practice, too
often gastroscopy is never prescribed,
because it is not the most comfortable
procedure.If indicated,
re-examination may be
assigned in a month the field of the previous one.

Gastroscopy of the stomach
– minimally invasive diagnostic
examination that allows
detect many diseases
digestive tract even in the early
stages. This greatly speeds up the process.
recovery and reduces the likelihood
unpleasant consequences for the body.

This article is posted for educational purposes only, does not replace an appointment with a doctor and cannot be used for self-diagnosis.

April 19, 2019

How to properly prepare for gastroscopy (EGDS)

The essence of this most common endoscopic examination consists in examining the upper gastrointestinal tract, namely the esophagus, stomach and duodenum 12.

Many patients believe that gastroscopy is “something old and only the stomach is looked at”, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) is “something new and a more complete examination”. In fact, we are talking about the same procedure (gastroscopy is just an abbreviated version of a long word).

For esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS, gastroscopy), two types of devices can be used:

• fibroendoscopes (devices of the previous generation, with fiber optics, while the doctor looks into the “eye” on the device itself, and the image is no longer visible to anyone). The refined, more complete name of such a study is fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy, or fibrogastroscopy, or FEGDS, or FGDS;
• video endoscopes (devices of the latest generation, with digital optics, while the enlarged image is transmitted to the monitor).The refined, more complete name for such a study is video esophagogastroduodenoscopy, or video gastroscopy, or VEGDS.

The difference is not only in the names of the devices, but also in their capabilities.

VEGDS – the most informative method. Modern equipment allows for examination with multiple magnification, in a special spectrum of light, to examine the acidity of the stomach, to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria, and also to perform a biopsy (taking small pieces of the mucous membrane for histological examination).

High image clarity and the use of additional techniques significantly expand the diagnostic capabilities of the procedure – this helps to identify even the earliest changes.

At the N.N. A.V. Vishnevsky VEGDS is carried out using the latest generation equipment.

• If the study will be carried out in the morning or in the afternoon, then you need to have dinner the night before no later than 18-19 hours.
• No breakfast on the day of the study.
• If the study is scheduled for the daytime, then 6 hours before, you can drink a glass of sweet tea.
• After the study, you can drink and eat no earlier than half an hour.

Taking routine medications

Taking routine medications (for example, to normalize blood pressure and heart rate) should be continued as usual.

On the day of the study, wash them down with a minimum amount of water.

What to tell your doctor about

Before the test, tell your doctor about any medications you are taking regularly or have taken in the past two weeks.Be sure to inform about all the diseases you have and warn about allergic reactions to drugs (especially if it is lidocaine and novocaine).

Will there be any discomfort during the procedure

During gastroscopy, air is supplied to the stomach, so a feeling of bloating may occur, some patients regurgitate air. Pain syndrome is usually not noted.

After the procedure, slight bloating and discomfort in the throat may persist for a short time.

As a local anesthesia, which helps to reduce the gag reflex, irrigation of the pharynx with a solution of lidocaine is used (if there are no contraindications). It is performed before the insertion of the endoscope.

If the EGD is performed by an experienced specialist, the procedure is carried out without any particular difficulties for the patient. Nevertheless, it cannot be called pleasant, so we recommend conducting the study under anesthesia – this is a more gentle option. Some people, especially older people, have a bias against anesthesia and prefer to “be patient a little”.We believe that general anesthesia, which is used today for EGDS (light sleep), is absolutely justified. It relieves the patient of anxiety and discomfort, and gives the doctor the opportunity to do his job carefully and get maximum information, which significantly increases the effectiveness of the intervention.

We also note that with EGDS without anesthesia, all patients without exception have an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, and the load on the heart and lungs increases.

At least in severe patients, we use anesthetic monitoring, and the anesthesiologist decides for himself whether to administer any drugs or not, depending on the work of all vital systems of the body.

We are confident in the modern and safe anesthetic agents that we use, and our medical staff is highly qualified. During the procedure, the patient’s cardiovascular and respiratory systems are constantly monitored.

If the study is performed under general anesthesia

1. For competent management of anesthesia, it is mandatory to have an electrocardiogram (ECG) no more than 10 days old. At the request of the patient, an ECG can be performed immediately before gastroscopy in our Center.
2. In the morning of the study day, the intake of any liquids is excluded (planned medications should be taken with a minimum amount of water).
3. Most patients tolerate intravenous anesthesia well, but it is highly desirable that someone accompany you on the day of the procedure. In any case, after research, you cannot operate the machine yourself!
4. It is usually possible to take food and drink after the examination, which was carried out under anesthesia, not earlier than after 1-2 hours. If necessary, our anesthesiologist will give you individual advice.

Be healthy!

Interventional endoscopy group:

https://www.vishnevskogo.ru/about/departments/gruppa-interventsionnoj-endoskopii

What is gastric and intestinal endoscopy?

Endoscopy is the most accurate and informative method for diagnosing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Often this procedure not only helps to detect abnormalities or diseases in the early stages, but also saves lives. In this article, you will learn what endoscopy is and why it is the gold standard for diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases.

Translated from Greek, endon means inside, and scopeo means to consider. This is a method of visual inspection of internal hollow organs and tubular formations using a special device – an endoscope. What endoscopy is especially valuable is the ability to look inside the organs without having to cut the patient’s abdominal cavity.

The endoscope is a long, thin tube with a small camera and a bulb at the tip. This flexible tool, operated by a specialist, transmits the image captured by the camera to the monitor screen.The camera doesn’t just allow you to see the organs of the digestive system. It enlarges the image of the mucous membrane by more than 100 times.

Endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract is not just considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of diseases of the digestive system. Thanks to the translation of what is happening inside the organs on the monitor screen, the doctor can carefully examine each part of the mucous membrane. This makes it possible to detect even the smallest deviations.No other type of research can boast of such information content and accuracy.

Endoscopy is divided into 2 types, which examine different parts of the digestive system:

1. Endoscopic examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract , which includes the esophagus, stomach and the initial part of the small intestine – the duodenum.
2. Examination of the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract – the entire large intestine.

Below we will consider for what symptoms these studies are prescribed, and what diseases they can detect.

Gastric endoscopy

During this procedure, also called gastroduodenoscopy, the endoscope is inserted into the mouth, passes through the esophagus, descends into the stomach and reaches the duodenum. Before the examination, the throat is anesthetized with a spray, after which the patient lies on his side. To avoid trapping the tube with the teeth, a plastic mouth guard is inserted into the patient’s mouth, and then the endoscope is inserted.

Endoscopy of the upper GI tract is prescribed for the following complaints:

• Frequent pain in the stomach,
• Constant heartburn,
• Bitter taste in the mouth,
• Nausea and vomiting,
• Difficulty swallowing,
• Unexplained loss weight.

Gastric endoscopy helps to detect the slightest pathologies of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum 12. Thanks to this study, doctors can identify many diseases and disorders:

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease,
• Gastritis,
• Peptic ulcer,
• Portal hypertension,
• Precancerous lesions,
• Cancer of the esophagus, stomach or polyps,
• Celiac disease ( gluten intolerance).
• Anemia.

Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic examination not only helps to detect diseases, but is also used as a treatment procedure. During gastroduodenoscopy, doctors can stop the bleeding or remove any stuck food.

During an endoscopy of the stomach, the doctor may perform a biopsy – a procedure to take a piece of tissue. This painless manipulation allows you to distinguish benign from malignant neoplasms. A biopsy is also performed to test for the presence of Helicobacter pylori, a bacteria that causes ulcers.

Colon endoscopy

Examination of the lower GI tract is performed using a procedure called colonoscopy. In this case, a flexible tube is inserted into the anus. After that, it slowly moves through all parts of the large intestine to its junction with the small intestine.

Endoscopic examination of the colon is prescribed in the following cases:

• Abdominal pain,
• Abnormal stool regularity,
• Prolonged diarrhea or constipation,
• Blood in the stool,
• Unexplained weight loss,
• If anyone – some of the close relatives were found to have polyps,
• If any of the relatives had colon cancer.

According to modern recommendations, a colonoscopy must be done by all people who are over 50 years old. After reaching this age, the procedure must be performed once every 10 years. Why intestinal endoscopy (colonoscopy) is the best tool for the prevention of colorectal cancer, read in this material.

Colon endoscopy is an irreplaceable procedure. With its help, doctors detect the following diseases or pathologies:

Endoscopic examination of the colon is well tolerated by most patients and rarely causes severe pain.During the study, pressure, bloating, and abdominal cramps are felt. To reduce the feeling of discomfort, antispasmodics and anesthetics are taken before the examination.

During the procedure, the patient lies on his side or back, and a flexible colonoscope is inserted into his anus. The intestine is filled with air, due to which its walls are straightened. The doctor slowly advances the colonoscope and looks at the monitor screen, examining the mucous membrane of the organ. The whole procedure takes about 45-60 minutes. If an area is suspicious, the doctor will take a biopsy.Also, if bleeding is detected, the doctor injects a medicine or cauterizes the damaged vessels. All these manipulations are painless.

Gastric and intestinal endoscopy are procedures that require special training for the patient. It is carried out so that during the diagnosis, food particles or digestive waste do not interfere with examining the mucous membrane of organs. Read about preparing for endoscopic procedures in this article.

Endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract is the best method for diagnosing diseases of the digestive system.Today in the world there is not a single method that can be compared in efficiency and accuracy with endoscopy. If you need a quick and accurate diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract, contact Persomed.

Sources:

1. Endoscopy, Harvard Medical School of Harvard University,
2. Upper GI Endoscopy, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Health Information Center,
3. Understanding Upper Endoscopy, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
4. Understanding Colonoscopy, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Preparation for gastroscopy

Gastroscopy requires special training, which the patient is warned about at the time of the appointment of the procedure.

1. If time permits, chocolate, nuts, seeds and spicy foods should be excluded from the diet two days before the manipulation. It is advisable to stop drinking alcoholic beverages at the same time.

2. The last meal before the diagnostic procedure should take place no later than 18 hours of the previous day.Dinner should be satisfying, but not contain foods that are difficult to digest.

3. Before carrying out, it is worth excluding foods rich in fiber, heavy salads seasoned with mayonnaise, a large amount of whole grain bread, fatty meats or fish, cheeses. It is best to dine with a portion of green salad with a small amount of white chicken meat, steamed chicken cutlets, buckwheat porridge, low-fat cottage cheese. You should refrain from legumes and barley, but a serving of mashed potatoes or steamed broccoli may well become the basis of the evening menu on the eve of diagnosis.

Preparation on the day of gastroscopy

• On the day of the study, you should refrain from taking any food or drink. You can drink some water no later than 2-4 hours before the start of the study.

• If the patient is constantly taking medications in capsules or tablets, they will have to be postponed, since any foreign objects in the cavity of the organ being examined can distort the picture.

• Gastroscopy is accompanied by an increased gag reflex, and therefore food from the stomach can not only stain clothes, but also get into the upper respiratory tract when inhaling during regurgitation. In addition, taking drugs before manipulation is accompanied by excessive formation of gastric juice. In a situation “on an empty stomach”, this can aggravate pathological processes. For the same reason, it is not recommended to smoke prior to gastroscopy.This completes the preparation, then proceed directly to the study.

It is very important to warn the doctor about existing allergic reactions, especially if they occur to medications. Before starting the procedure, the doctor premedicates, or anesthetizes the root of the tongue and pharynx with an aerosol. This reduces unpleasant and painful sensations and partially reduces the manifestations of the gag reflex, thereby simplifying the doctor’s task, but can cause an allergic reaction in the patient.

For a gastroscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract, the results of previous manipulations, if any, should be taken, as well as X-rays, test data and other materials from previously performed diagnostic studies of the stomach and duodenum.

Gastroscopy

Immediately before the procedure, the doctor will ask you to sign an act of consent to manipulation. Be sure to discuss with your doctor the likelihood of consequences, as well as the risks of the examination.

Gastroscopy of the stomach is a procedure that allows you to examine the stomach and esophagus using a special probe, which is a special optical tube with a video camera (endoscope). The terminal portion of the device is inserted through the mouth and then gradually slides down into the stomach.

Gastroscopy is performed in a specially equipped office and is performed by an endoscopist specializing in endoscopy and gastroenterology (gastroenterologist).

Before starting, the root of the tongue is anesthetized with an anesthetic spray or rinsing with an anesthetic solution. This allows the muscles of the pharynx to relax and reduces the intensity of the gag reflex, which will allow the doctor to easily pass the endoscope into the esophagus later.

You will be put on your side, more often on your right. Then a special mouthpiece is inserted into your mouth in order to protect your teeth from damage by the endoscope and the endoscope itself from biting, since it is a rather expensive equipment.After that, the tip of the endoscope is inserted into the mouth, gently pressing on the tongue with successive advancement. The doctor will then ask you to take a sip to move the endoscope into the esophagus. Since the endoscope is much smaller in diameter than a food lump, you should have no problems with swallowing or breathing.

During the procedure, your doctor will advise you not to swallow, unless it is necessary. If saliva accumulates in the oral cavity, the nurse helping the doctor during the examination will remove it by suction.

The endoscopist will gradually advance the endoscope through the lumen of the digestive tract, looking through the eyepiece or video monitor, to assess the condition of the walls of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. If problems arise with the examination of the walls of organs, air or water is supplied through a special tubule in the endoscope into the lumen of the stomach, which, washing the walls, clears the place to be examined, or cleans the endoscope lens. Thereafter, the liquid and air are removed by suction.

A camera connected to endoscopic equipment allows you to record the entire examination period on video for a subsequent detailed assessment of the findings. Through a special channel in the endoscope, the doctor can pass tiny endoscopic instruments (forceps, loops, staples) that will allow him to biopsy or remove abnormal growths of the mucous membrane.