How does tubal ligation work. What are the benefits and risks of getting your tubes tied. Is tubal ligation reversible. How effective is tubal ligation at preventing pregnancy. What should you expect during and after a tubal ligation procedure.

Understanding Tubal Ligation: The Basics of Female Sterilization

Tubal ligation, commonly known as “getting your tubes tied,” is a surgical procedure that provides permanent birth control for women. This method of contraception is highly effective, with a success rate of over 99% in preventing pregnancy. But what exactly does the procedure entail?

During tubal ligation, a surgeon permanently closes or blocks the fallopian tubes. This prevents sperm from reaching an egg, thus making fertilization impossible. The procedure is typically performed through small incisions in the abdomen and requires either general anesthesia or regional anesthesia such as an epidural or spinal block.

How effective is tubal ligation?

Tubal ligation is one of the most effective forms of birth control available. It has a failure rate of less than 1%, meaning that fewer than 1 in 100 women who undergo the procedure will become pregnant in the year following surgery. This high level of effectiveness makes it an attractive option for women who are certain they do not want to have children in the future.

The Tubal Ligation Procedure: What to Expect

If you’re considering tubal ligation, it’s important to understand what the procedure involves. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of what you can expect:

1. Preoperative consultation: You’ll meet with your healthcare provider to discuss the procedure, its risks, and benefits.
2. Anesthesia administration: You’ll receive either general anesthesia or regional anesthesia.
3. Incisions: The surgeon will make small incisions in your abdomen.
4. Fallopian tube blocking: The fallopian tubes will be closed off using one of several methods, such as clips, rings, or cutting and sealing.
5. Incision closure: The small incisions will be closed with stitches or surgical glue.
6. Recovery: You’ll spend some time in a recovery area before being discharged.

How long does recovery from tubal ligation take?

Recovery from tubal ligation typically takes about a week. During this time, you may experience some pain and discomfort in your abdomen. Most women can return to normal activities within a few days, but it’s advisable to avoid sexual intercourse for about two weeks after the procedure. It’s important to follow your doctor’s post-operative instructions carefully to ensure proper healing.

Benefits of Tubal Ligation: Why Choose This Method?

Tubal ligation offers several advantages that make it an appealing choice for many women. Let’s explore some of the key benefits:

• Permanence: Once performed, tubal ligation provides lifelong contraception without the need for ongoing maintenance or hormone treatments.
• Effectiveness: With a success rate of over 99%, it’s one of the most reliable forms of birth control available.
• Hormone-free: Unlike hormonal contraceptives, tubal ligation doesn’t affect your natural hormone levels or menstrual cycle.
• Convenience: After recovery, there’s no need to think about birth control before sexual activity.
• Privacy: The procedure is undetectable to others, offering discretion for those who prefer to keep their contraceptive choices private.
• Potential health benefits: Some studies suggest that tubal ligation may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.

Does tubal ligation affect hormones or menstruation?

One of the significant advantages of tubal ligation is that it does not affect your hormonal balance or menstrual cycle. Unlike hormonal contraceptives, which can sometimes cause side effects related to hormone fluctuations, tubal ligation simply prevents the egg from meeting sperm. You will continue to ovulate and menstruate as normal after the procedure.

Risks and Considerations: What You Need to Know

While tubal ligation is generally safe and effective, it’s crucial to be aware of potential risks and considerations before deciding to undergo the procedure:

• Surgical risks: As with any surgery, there’s a small risk of complications such as infection, bleeding, or damage to nearby organs.
• Failure rate: Although rare, the procedure can fail, leading to pregnancy. The risk of failure is about 1 in 200 over a lifetime.
• Ectopic pregnancy risk: If pregnancy does occur after tubal ligation, there’s an increased risk of it being ectopic (outside the uterus).
• Irreversibility: While reversal procedures exist, they are complex, expensive, and not always successful. Tubal ligation should be considered permanent.
• No protection against STIs: Tubal ligation does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV.
• Potential regret: Some women may later regret their decision, especially if their life circumstances change.

Can tubal ligation be reversed?

While tubal ligation reversal surgeries do exist, they are complex procedures with no guarantee of success. The success rate for reversal surgeries varies widely, ranging from 40% to 85%, depending on factors such as the woman’s age, the type of tubal ligation performed, and the skill of the surgeon. Due to the difficulty and uncertainty of reversal, it’s crucial to consider tubal ligation as a permanent decision.

Alternatives to Tubal Ligation: Exploring Other Options

Before deciding on tubal ligation, it’s worth considering other long-term or permanent contraceptive options:

• Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): These small, T-shaped devices offer long-term, reversible contraception for 3-10 years, depending on the type.
• Hormonal Implants: These small rods inserted under the skin of the upper arm provide contraception for up to 3 years.
• Vasectomy: This is a surgical sterilization procedure for men, which may be a good alternative for couples.
• Birth Control Pills: While not as long-lasting, some women prefer the flexibility of oral contraceptives.
• Essure: A non-surgical permanent birth control option that involves placing small inserts into the fallopian tubes.

How do long-acting reversible contraceptives compare to tubal ligation?

Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) such as IUDs and hormonal implants offer effectiveness rates comparable to tubal ligation (over 99%) but with the advantage of being reversible. They provide long-term contraception without the need for a permanent surgical procedure. However, they do require periodic replacement and may have hormone-related side effects, which tubal ligation does not.

The Decision-Making Process: Is Tubal Ligation Right for You?

Choosing to undergo tubal ligation is a significant decision that requires careful consideration. Here are some factors to think about:

• Future plans: Are you certain you don’t want to have children (or more children) in the future?
• Relationship status: Have you discussed this decision with your partner? Are you both in agreement?
• Age: Younger women are more likely to experience regret after sterilization.
• Health considerations: Are there any medical reasons why pregnancy would be particularly risky for you?
• Alternative options: Have you considered other long-term or permanent contraceptive methods?
• Psychological readiness: Are you emotionally prepared for a permanent change to your fertility?

Who is an ideal candidate for tubal ligation?

The ideal candidate for tubal ligation is typically a woman who is certain she does not want to have children in the future. This often includes women who have completed their families, are in their 30s or 40s, and have given the decision careful thought. However, it’s important to note that any woman of legal age can choose to undergo the procedure, regardless of whether she has had children or not.

Post-Procedure Care and Follow-Up: Ensuring a Smooth Recovery

After undergoing tubal ligation, proper post-procedure care is essential for a smooth recovery. Here’s what you need to know:

• Rest: Take it easy for the first few days after surgery. Avoid strenuous activities for about a week.
• Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage any discomfort.
• Incision care: Keep the incision sites clean and dry. Follow your doctor’s instructions for wound care.
• Sexual activity: Avoid sexual intercourse for at least two weeks after the procedure.
• Follow-up appointment: Attend your post-operative check-up as scheduled.
• Contraception: Continue using birth control until your doctor confirms the procedure was successful.

When can you resume normal activities after tubal ligation?

Most women can return to their normal daily activities within a few days of the procedure. However, it’s generally recommended to avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise for about a week. Sexual activity can usually be resumed after two weeks, but it’s important to follow your doctor’s specific instructions. Full recovery typically takes about a week, but individual experiences may vary.

Tubal Ligation and Sexual Health: What Changes and What Doesn’t

Many women wonder how tubal ligation might affect their sexual health and experiences. Here’s what you need to know:

• Sexual desire: Tubal ligation does not affect libido or sexual desire.
• Sexual pleasure: The procedure should not impact sexual sensation or orgasm.
• Menstruation: Your menstrual cycle will continue as normal.
• Hormones: Hormone levels are not affected by tubal ligation.
• STI protection: Remember that tubal ligation does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.

Does tubal ligation affect sexual pleasure or libido?

Tubal ligation does not directly affect sexual pleasure or libido. In fact, some women report increased sexual satisfaction after the procedure, likely due to the reduced anxiety about unintended pregnancy. However, it’s important to note that tubal ligation does not protect against sexually transmitted infections, so safe sex practices should still be followed if necessary.

In conclusion, tubal ligation is a highly effective, permanent form of birth control that offers many benefits for women who are certain they do not want to have children in the future. However, it’s a significant decision that requires careful consideration of all factors, including potential risks and alternatives. As with any medical procedure, it’s crucial to have a thorough discussion with your healthcare provider to determine if tubal ligation is the right choice for you.

Tubal Ligation | Kaiser Permanente

Tubal Ligation | Kaiser Permanente

• 99% effective
• Permanent
• Performed by a provider

• No hormones
• No STI/STD protection
• Surgical procedure

What is it?

• Tubal ligation, or female sterilization, is a surgical procedure that permanently prevents you from getting pregnant. It’s also known as “getting your tubes tied.”
• It’s a safe procedure with a low rate of side effects.
• Tubal ligation doesn’t protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs/STDs), including HIV.

How it works

• Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure, where a doctor permanently closes or blocks your fallopian tubes. 
• When the fallopian tubes are blocked, sperm can’t get to an egg and cause pregnancy. 

How to get it

• You can get tubal ligation at your medical facility. 

Cost

• Because of the Affordable Care Act, Kaiser Permanente members can get certain types of birth control methods at low or no cost. Check with Member Services or your provider for details.

What to expect

• Tubal ligation is a one-time procedure that is considered permanent. 
• It’s usually done through small incisions in the belly. You’ll need either epidural, spinal, or general anesthesia, and it may require a hospital stay. 
• Recovery can take about a week, and you won’t be able to have sex for up to 2 weeks.
• Tubal ligation doesn’t cause menopause — you’ll still get your period.
• You should only get tubal ligation if you’re positive you don’t ever want to get pregnant in the future.

Benefits

• Tubal ligation is a permanent birth control method. It’s 99% effective.* 
   
• There’s no regular maintenance and side effects are rare.
• You don’t have to tell anyone you got a tubal ligation.

Risks

• Tubal ligation doesn’t protect against STIs/STDs, including HIV. You should still use condoms to protect yourself.
• There may be changes in your period. This may include changes in period flow, number of cycle days, or pain during periods.
• It’s a permanent procedure, so you can’t change your mind after it’s done.
• All surgical procedures have some risks. It’s best to talk to your doctor about these risks and what to expect during and after surgery.

We’re here to help

Get advice

Call us 24/7 to talk with a licensed care provider about birth control questions or concerns.

Call us

Email questions

Message your provider’s office with any birth control questions or concerns.

Send a message

Make an appointment

Come in and talk with a provider about low- or no-cost birth control.

Schedule an appointment

© 2020 Kaiser Permanente

*”Sterilization,” Planned Parenthood, PlannedParenthood.org/learn/birth-control/sterilization/how-effective-tubal-ligation, accessed August 13, 2019.

No volver a mostrar esto.

Female sterilisation – NHS

Female sterilisation is an operation to permanently prevent pregnancy. The fallopian tubes are blocked or sealed to prevent the eggs reaching the sperm and becoming fertilised.

Depending on the method used, you would either have a general anaesthetic, where you’re asleep during surgery, or local anaesthetic, where you’d be awake but not feel any pain.

Facts about female sterilisation

• Female sterilisation is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.
• You do not have to think about protecting yourself against pregnancy every time you have sex, so it does not interrupt your sex life.
• It does not affect your hormone levels and you’ll still have periods.
• You’ll need to use contraception up until you have the operation, and until your next period or for 3 months after the operation (depending on the type of sterilisation).
• As with any surgery, there’s a small risk of complications, such as internal bleeding, infection or damage to other organs.
• There’s a small risk that the operation will not work. Blocked tubes can rejoin immediately or years later.
• If the operation fails, this may increase the risk of a fertilised egg implanting outside the womb (ectopic pregnancy).
• Sterilisation is very difficult to reverse, so you need to be sure it’s right for you.
• Sterilisation does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so you may need to use condoms as well.

How it works

Female sterilisation works by preventing eggs travelling down the fallopian tubes, which link the ovaries to the womb (uterus).

This means a woman’s eggs cannot meet sperm, so fertilisation cannot happen.

Eggs will still be released from the ovaries as normal, but they’ll be absorbed naturally into the woman’s body.

How female sterilisation is carried out

The surgeon will block your fallopian tubes (tubal occlusion) by either:

• applying clips – plastic or titanium clamps are closed over the fallopian tubes
• applying rings – a small loop of the fallopian tube is pulled through a silicone ring, then clamped shut
• tying, cutting and removing a small piece of the fallopian tube

This is a fairly minor operation and many women return home the same day.

Tubal occlusion procedure

The surgeon accesses your fallopian tubes by making a small cut either near your belly button (laparoscopy) or just above your pubic hairline (a mini-laparotomy).

They’ll then insert a long, thin instrument that has a light and camera (a laparoscope) to clearly see your fallopian tubes.

A laparoscopy is usually used because it’s faster, but a mini-laparotomy may be recommended for women who:

• have had recent abdominal or pelvic surgery
• are obese
• have a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, a bacterial infection that can affect the womb and fallopian tubes

The fallopian tubes are then blocked by applying clips or rings, or by tying, cutting and removing a small piece of the tube.

Removing the tubes (salpingectomy)

If blocking the fallopian tubes has not worked, the tubes may be completely removed. This is called a salpingectomy.

Is sterilisation right for me?

Almost any woman can be sterilised, but it should only be considered by women who do not want any more children or do not want children at all.

Once you’re sterilised it’s very difficult to reverse it, so consider all options before making your decision.

Sterilisation reversal is not usually available on the NHS.

You may be more likely to be accepted for the operation if you’re over 30 and have had children.

You may also want to consider which method of contraception suits you, such as long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) like an implant, device or injections.

Before the operation

Your GP may recommend counselling before referring you for sterilisation.

Counselling will give you a chance to talk about the operation in detail and discuss any doubts, worries or questions you might have.

If you have a partner, discuss it with them before you decide. If possible, you should both agree to the procedure, but it’s not a legal requirement to get your partner’s permission.

Your GP can refuse to carry out the procedure or refuse to refer you for it if they do not believe it’s in your best interests.

If the GP agrees with your decision, they’ll refer you to a female reproductive specialist (gynaecologist) for treatment at your nearest NHS hospital.

You’ll need to use contraception until the day of the operation and right up until your next period after surgery if you’re having your fallopian tubes blocked.

Sterilisation can be performed at any stage in your menstrual cycle.

Before you have the operation, you’ll be given a pregnancy test to make sure you’re not pregnant because, once you have been sterilised, there’s a high risk that any pregnancy will become ectopic.

Recovering after the operation

You’ll be allowed home once you have recovered from the anaesthetic, been to the toilet and eaten.

If you leave hospital within hours of the operation, take a taxi or ask a relative or friend to pick you up.

The healthcare professionals treating you in hospital will tell you what to expect and how to care for yourself after surgery.

They may give you a contact number to call if you have any problems or questions.

If you have had a general anaesthetic, do not drive a car for 48 hours afterwards. Even if you feel fine, your reaction times and judgement may not be back to normal.

How you will feel

It’s normal to feel unwell and a little uncomfortable if you have had a general anaesthetic, and you may have to rest for a few days.

Depending on your general health and job, you can normally return to work 5 days after tubal occlusion, but avoid heavy lifting for about a week.

You may have some slight vaginal bleeding. Use a sanitary towel, rather than a tampon, until this has stopped.

You may also feel some pain, like period pain. You can take painkillers for this.

If the pain or bleeding gets worse, try contacting the specialist who treated you, your GP or NHS 111.

Caring for your wound

If you had tubal occlusion, you’ll have a wound with stitches where the surgeon made the cut.

The stitches would need to be removed at a follow-up appointment, unless dissolvable ones were used.

If there’s a dressing over your wound, you can normally remove this the day after your operation. After this, you’ll be able to have a bath or shower.

Having sex

Your sex drive and sex life should not be affected. You can have sex as soon as it’s comfortable to do so after the operation.

If you had tubal occlusion, use additional contraception until your first period to protect yourself from pregnancy.

Sterilisation does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so you may need to use condoms.

Advantages and disadvantages of female sterilisation

Advantages:

• more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy
• blocking the fallopian tubes and removal of the tubes should be effective immediately – but use contraception until your next period
• it will not affect your sex drive or interfere with sex
• it will not affect your hormone levels

Disadvantages:

• it does not protect against STIs, so you may need to use condoms
• it cannot be easily reversed, and reversal operations are rarely funded by the NHS
• it can fail – the fallopian tubes can rejoin and make you fertile again, although this is rare
• there’s a very small risk of complications, including internal bleeding, infection or damage to other organs
• if you get pregnant after the operation, there’s an increased risk it’ll be an ectopic pregnancy

Can I get a sterilisation reversal on the NHS?

Sterilisation reversal is not usually available on the NHS.

Success rates vary, and depend on factors like age and the method that was used in the original operation.

It’s possible to have a sterilisation reversal done privately, although it’ll cost several thousand pounds.

There’s no guarantee that you’ll be able to get pregnant after a sterilisation reversal.

Where to get more information on sterilisation

You can get more information on sterilisation from:

• GP surgeries
• contraception clinics
• sexual health or genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics
• some young people’s services

Find a sexual health clinic.

Page last reviewed: 18 March 2021

Next review due: 18 March 2024

TVEL-PEKS pipes, briefly about all the lines.

1. Main
2. Articles
3. Main about TVEL-PEKS

We decided to update the data on the products of CJSC “Plant of polymer pipes” and put everything on the shelves to make it clear and simple. Otherwise, the eyes run wide and it is not clear where to look. Go!

CJSC Polymer Pipe Plant is one of the leading manufacturers of polymer pipes in Russia. The company specializes in the production of a wide range of pipes made of polymeric materials, including product lines called TVEL-PEKS, TVEL-PEKS-HVS and TVEL-ECOPEKS. The plant is equipped with modern equipment and uses advanced technologies in production, which makes it possible to produce high-quality pipes that meet the most stringent standards and requirements of the industry.

1. TVEL-PEKS-1: These are pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene (PE-Xa) using the cross-linking method (PEKS). They have one supply pipe inside, wrapped in polyurethane foam insulation and protected by a PE sheath. TVEL-PEKS-1 has high thermal insulation properties, is resistant to aggressive environments and is usually used in heating systems, water supply and other technical communications.

2. TVEL-PEKS-2: These are pipes with two heat-carrying pipes inside, also made of cross-linked polyethylene (PE-Xa) using the PEKS method. One pipe serves as a supply pipe, and the other as a return pipe, which allows them to be used in heating systems where the coolant is supplied and returned to the heater. TVEL-PEKS-2 also has polyurethane foam insulation and PE sheath, and is used in heating systems to ensure an efficient circulation process.

3. TVEL-PEKS-4: These are tubes with four heat-carrying tubes inside. The second pair is used for hot water supply. Typically, the second pipe of the second pair has a smaller diameter.

4. TVEL-PEKS-K: This is a modification of pipes reinforced with Kevlar thread (K), which gives them additional strength and resistance to deformation and damage. Such pipes can be used in higher pressure environments. The TVEL-PEKS-K line is usually used at industrial facilities, so it has diameters up to 160mm.

5. TVEL-PEKS-2K: These are pipes with two heat-carrying pipes inside, reinforced with Kevlar thread, insulated with polyurethane foam and protected by a PE sheath.

6. TVEL-PEKS-HVS is a line of pipes intended for use in cold water supply systems (CWS). Each pipe consists of a pressure pipe made of HDPE, along which a cable channel for the heating cable runs. All this is insulated with polyurethane foam in a protective sheath made of PE. This design provides reliable protection against freezing of pipes at low temperatures and allows the use of such pipes in cold climatic zones.
7. TVEL-ECOPEKS: this is a line of pipes for the private sector designed for use in heating systems and hot and cold water supply of small facilities. There are two and four-pipe modifications, as well as one-pipe modifications for cold water. TVEL-ECOPEKS has reduced insulation compared to TVEL-PEKS-2, TVEL-PEKS-4 or TVEL-PEKS-KhVS pipes. They are also supplied in coils but already cut into specific lengths such as 15, 20 or 25 meters. Reduced insulation of TVEL-ECOPEKS for such segments is not critical, since the bays are small and heat losses remain within acceptable limits. The main advantage of using such pipes is the speed of delivery. the pipe is already cut and ready for shipment from the warehouse and an unprecedentedly low cost compared to analogues.

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